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- From: abian@iastate.edu (Alexander Abian)
- Subject: TIME HAS INERTIA. RELATIVISTIC ADDITION OF VELOCITIES part 4
- Message-ID: <abian.724906846@pv343f.vincent.iastate.edu>
- Sender: news@news.iastate.edu (USENET News System)
- Organization: Iowa State University, Ames IA
- Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 03:00:46 GMT
- Lines: 156
-
-
-
- CONSTRUCTION OF NEW ALGEBRAS FROM THE OLD ALGEBRAS (12-20-92- part 4)
-
-
- I have promised to derive the formula for Relativistic addition of
- velocities based solely on the elementary algebra and the results of
- Michelson-Morley experiment (to which I do not necessarily subscribe).
-
- I have given 3 preliminary postings just to motivate the reader for
- developing an abstract approach in connection with algebraic binary
- operations defined on a set.
-
- The essential point is that a binary operation *(x,y), - customarily
- written as x*y - is very conveniently defined when its table is
- explicitly given.
-
- Of course the difficulties arise when the set on which * is defined
- has a large finite number or an infinite number of elements and also
- when several (usually two) binary operations are defined on the same set.
- The usual examples of which are the algebras of real numbers, of complex
- numbers, of quaternions, of matrices, etc., etc.
-
- None of the three previous postings are needed for my derivation of
- the formula for Relativistic addition of velocities. However, since
- Relativistic addition (of velocities) is a new type addition, i.e.,
- is a new algebra (where 3 + 4 is not equal to 7), I thought that it
- would be helpful to introduce the notion and examples of abstract
- unintuitive algebras.
-
- In part 2, I have given via (6) and (7) an example of a very abstract
- algebra where addition and multiplication are not commutative
- are not associative, etc., In contrast in part 2, via (14) and (15)
- I have given an example of a rather decent algebra.
-
- Let me give another example of a decent algebra. In fact an example of
- a FIELD where addition forms a commutative group and where multipli-
- cation of nonzero elements also forms a commutative group and multi-
- plication is distributive w.r.t. addition. Thus this example
- satisfies all the desirable properties of the usual arithmetic of the
- real numbers.
-
- + | 0 1 2 3 4 * | 0 1 2 3 4
- ----|--------------------- ---|---------------------
- 0 | 0 1 2 3 4 0 | 0 0 0 0 0
- 1 | 1 2 3 4 0 1 | 0 1 2 3 4
- (23) 2 | 2 3 4 0 1 (24) 2 | 0 2 4 1 3
- 3 | 3 4 0 1 2 3 | 0 3 1 4 2
- 4 | 4 0 1 2 3 4 | 0 4 3 2 1
-
- The above example is the familiar FIELD of Integers mod. 5
- The example given by (23), (24) very much resembles the algebra of
- the real numbers (extensively used in Calculus, Physics, etc)
-
- Every elements x has a additive inverse -x , where x+(-x)=0
-
- For instance,
-
- (25) -0 = 0, -1 = 4, -2 = 3, -3 = 2, -4 = 1
-
- Every nonzero element x has a multiplicative inverse 1/x or x^(-1)
-
- where (1/x)*x = 1 = (x^(-1))*x
-
- For instance
-
- (26) 1/1 = 1, 1/2 = 3, 1/3 = 2, 1/4 = 4
-
- Now, let us call (23) and (24) an OLD algebra. New algebras most
- conveniently can be created based on OLD algebras in variety of ways.
- This is a very common practice is Mathematics and has the advantage
- of preserving some of the (Time Tested) valuable properties of OLD
- algebras.
- For instance, we may create a NEW algebra from an OLD algebra by
- preserving the OLD multiplicative table and by defining a NEW addition
- by a suitable formula.
-
- Example 1 of a NEW algebra using the OLD algebra (23),(24)
-
- Let us create a New algebra on the set {0,1,2,3,4} based on the Old algebra
- (23), (24) by preserving the OLD multiplication and by defining NEW addi-
- tion (+) via the formula
-
- (27) x (+) y = 3*x - 2*y
-
- Accordingly in our NEW algebra we will have
-
- 4 (+) 2 = 3*4 -2*2 which by (23) and (24) yields
- = 2 + 1 = 3
- So in our NEW algebra
-
- 4 (+) 2 = 3 whereas in the OLD algebra 4 + 2 = 1
-
- Again, in our NEW algebra
-
- (3(+)1) * ( 2(+)2 ) = (3*3-2*1) * (3*2-2*2)
- = 2 * 2 = 4
-
- Example 2. of a NEW algebra based on the OLD algebra (23),(24)
- where we impose on NEW addition (+) a certain condition
-
- I want to create a NEW algebra on {0,1,2,3,4} while preserving the
- OLD multiplication * (24) but I want a recipe for NEW addition (+)
- in such a way that 3 plays almost the role oft he speed of LIGHT, i.e.,
- where I impose on 3 the property:
-
- (28) 3 (+) y = 3 and x (+) 3 = 3 for every x,y = 0,1,2,3,4
-
- Now, how to devise a recipe for x (+) y ?
-
- Well, I say, let me try the following linear combination for (+)
-
- (29) x (+) y = a*x + y where * and + are OLD addition and
- multiplication given by (23) and (24)
-
- and let us determine a in (29) so that (28) is satisfied, i.e.
-
- 3 (+) y = a*3+y = 3 Thus, a = (3 -y)/3 = 2*(3 -y)
-
- replacing this a in (29), we have
-
- (30) x (+) y = 2*(3-y)*x + y
-
- SO, OUR NEW ALGEBRA with (+) and * is defined by
-
- (31) x (+) y = 2*(3-y)*x +y and x*y = x*y
- where + and * refers to OLD algebra (23), (24)
-
- But now, in our NEW algebra 3 acts almost like the speed of light
- Indeed,
- 3 (+)4 = 2*(3-4)*3 +4 = 3
- 3 (+)3 = 2*(3-3)*3 +3 = 3
- 3 (+)2 = 2*(3-2)*3 +2 = 3 because 3(+)y = 3 - y + y = 3
- 3 (+)1 = 2*(3-1)*3 +1 = 3
- 3 (+)0 = 2*(3-0)*3 +0 = 3
- and also because x(+)3 = 2*(3-3)*x + 3 = 3
-
- NEXT TIME I WILL DERIVE THE FORMULA FOR THE RELATIVISTIC
- ADDITION OF LIGHT AND FINISH THE WHOLE THING.
-
- P.S (A2) i.e., TIME HAS INERTIA is the indispensable principle for
- Physics. NO avoiding it . Its acceptance is
- INEVITABLE.
- Alexander Abian
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- --
- The tendency of maintaining the status-quo, Reaction to provocation and
- The tendency of maintaining again a status-quo.
- TIME HAS INERTIA and some energy is lost to move Time forward
- E = mcc (Einstein) must be replaced by E = m(0) exp(-At) (Abian)
-