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- From: holmes@opal.idbsu.edu (Randall Holmes)
- Subject: Re: Numbers and sets
- Message-ID: <1992Dec17.235906.13828@guinness.idbsu.edu>
- Sender: usenet@guinness.idbsu.edu (Usenet News mail)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: opal
- Organization: Boise State University
- References: <1992Dec14.162438.15591@guinness.idbsu.edu> <1992Dec15.135030.18526@husc3.harvard.edu> <1992Dec15.214124.7444@guinness.idbsu.edu>
- Date: Thu, 17 Dec 1992 23:59:06 GMT
- Lines: 66
-
- In article <1992Dec15.214124.7444@guinness.idbsu.edu> holmes@opal.idbsu.edu (Randall Holmes) writes:
- >I repent! I repent! No >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>!
- >
- >My final answer to Zeleny is that I accept his point in a modified
- >form (which for him may not count as acceptance at all.) I think that
- >the sets of Zermelo set theory and its extensions (with the Axiom of
- >Foundation) are best understood as being related to isomorphism types
- >of well-founded extensional relations. Insofar as ordinals (best
- >understood as being related to isomorphism types of well-orderings)
- >are a prominent and structurally significant special case of this kind
- >of relation, I agree that the ordinals are essential to understanding
- >ZF. This is sharpened when ZF is extended to ZFC by the addition of
- >the axiom of choice. The particular approach of ZF makes it
- >impossible to choose canonical objects to serve as cardinal numbers
- >without using foundation or choice. The concept of cardinal number
- >(although not the relations of having less or greater cardinality)
- >depends on foundation or choice for its expression.
- >
- >But the axioms which mediate this relation with the ordinals (or more
- >generally with well-founded extensional relations) are strictly
- >foundation and choice. ZF- is still a powerful set theory (it is no
- >weaker than ZFC in terms of consistency strength). Its axioms of
- >separation and replacement embody a concept of _set_ (avoiding paradox
- >by application of the "limitation of size" doctrine) which is not
- >dependent on the ordinals. ZF- is not studied much that I know of,
- >but the situation is the same in ZFA, in which extensionality is
- >weakened to allow atoms (I believe that Zermelo's original theory
- >allowed atoms, which argues against Zeleny's claim about the history
- >of the set idea!) without choice, and this theory is studied; it was
- >the first theory for which models without choice were constructed.
- >The iterative hierarchy is a powerful working hypothesis, but it is
- >not a prerequisite for the modern concept of set, but a refinement
- >thereof. Notice that it _does_ appear in ZFA or ZF- as the structure
- >of _part_ of the universe.
- >
- >
- >By the way, Aczel's AFA is just as good as foundation; ZF- + AFA does
- >have well-defined canonical cardinal numbers.
- >
- >A definition of "stage of the iterative hierarchy": let a "universe"
- >be a set which contains all elements of its elements and all subsets
- >of its elements. Then a "stage of the iterative hierarchy" is a
- >universe which contains all its proper subsets which are universes.
- >The correctness of this definition is left as an exercise, but note
- >that it does not depend on the ordinals!
-
- Alas, this definition is incorrect. All sets which have this property
- are stages, but not all stages have this property. I was working by
- analogy with the definition of "ordinal" as "transitive set which
- contains all its transitive proper subsets"; I'm sure there is a
- refinement of this approach which does work, and I have another
- definition on tap which is correct.
-
- >
- >--
- >The opinions expressed | --Sincerely,
- >above are not the "official" | M. Randall Holmes
- >opinions of any person | Math. Dept., Boise State Univ.
- >or institution. | holmes@opal.idbsu.edu
-
-
- --
- The opinions expressed | --Sincerely,
- above are not the "official" | M. Randall Holmes
- opinions of any person | Math. Dept., Boise State Univ.
- or institution. | holmes@opal.idbsu.edu
-