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- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Path: sparky!uunet!stanford.edu!CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU!Sunburn.Stanford.EDU!pratt
- From: pratt@Sunburn.Stanford.EDU (Vaughan R. Pratt)
- Subject: Re: Philosophy of Pi
- Message-ID: <1992Dec12.221557.17530@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU>
- Sender: news@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU
- Organization: Computer Science Department, Stanford University.
- References: <1992Dec11.200538.928@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU> <1992Dec12.020752.6844@netcom.com> <1gd4dbINNm9q@gambier.rick.cs.ubc.ca>
- Date: Sat, 12 Dec 1992 22:15:57 GMT
- Lines: 53
-
- In article <1gd4dbINNm9q@gambier.rick.cs.ubc.ca> t4d192@rick.cs.ubc.ca (Bruce Paul Dow) writes:
- >
- >Actually there's a related point I haven't been able to grasp
- >intuitively. How about that -other- number: e
- >
- >It's just that Euler identity... I can't seem to wave my hands
- >around in the right way to imagine what it means to multiply
- >e (or any number) by itself an imaginary number of times!
- >
- >Okay, I know we can justify raising a base to an irrational
- >exponent using logarithms, but it doesn't seem to me to justify
- >the same thing for imaginary exponents.
- >
- >Of course, I have seen the Taylor series proof of Euler's
- >identity but I can't seem to pull any intuitive feeling out
- >of it. It seems to me as well that having proved Euler's
- >identity, you then have a strong link between e and Pi.
- >Is this not so? I was wondering whether anyone knew how strong
- >this link might be and whether we can express e and Pi in terms
- >of each other in any useful way?
-
- (Why isn't this on the FAQ?)
-
- You have to like series a whole lot to find them an intuitive way to
- understand why exp(ix) traces out a circle in the complex plane.
-
- The only property of exp that we need to show this is that exp is a
- fixpoint of the derivative operator D. So let's carry out the argument
- for any fixpoint Df = f. Then we must have D f(ix) = i f(ix). That
- is, the velocity of the point f(ix) moving around on the complex plane
- under the control of the real variable x is just the vector f(ix)
- (construed as a line segment from the origin to the point f(ix))
- rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise. Hence the point always moves at
- right angles to the line segment from the origin to the point. But
- this can only happen for motion around a circle with center the
- origin. That's it.
-
- Exercise: Show that f(ix) goes round at a steady speed. Infer that the
- fixpoints of D are exactly the functions a exp(ix) where a is given by
- the (arbitrarily chosen) starting position of the circular motion at
- x=0.
-
- >In engineering we seem to get enough math to be able to use it
- >to solve problems but it's not deep enough to get comfortable
- >with it. By the way I just found out today I passed the
- >Partial Differential Equations exam after writing it for the
- >third time.
- >
- >Congrats, flames, comments?
-
- Congrats are definitely in order!
- --
- Vaughan Pratt Actions have consequences
-