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- Newsgroups: sci.logic
- Path: sparky!uunet!pmafire!mica.inel.gov!guinness!opal.idbsu.edu!holmes
- From: holmes@opal.idbsu.edu (Randall Holmes)
- Subject: Re: Absoluteness, and numbers and sets as well.
- Message-ID: <1992Dec18.170408.28342@guinness.idbsu.edu>
- Sender: usenet@guinness.idbsu.edu (Usenet News mail)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: opal
- Organization: Boise State University
- References: <BzFrpK.DBC@cantua.canterbury.ac.nz>
- Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 17:04:08 GMT
- Lines: 48
-
- It should be noted that it _is_ possible to define "cardinal number of
- a well-founded set" in ZF- (the usual definition without choice,
- relativized to the well-founded sets). This demolishes completely
- Zeleny's assertion that the notion of set in the usual set theory
- depends on the prior notion of the ordinals. ZF- certainly does not
- depend on the ordinals for the definition of its concept of set, but
- successfully defines the class of well-founded sets, which is the
- universe of ZF, and the class of ordinals itself. It cannot define a
- general concept of cardinal number, though it _can_ define the notion
- of two sets having the same cardinality, but it can define the notion
- of cardinal needed in ZF; one then restricts one's attention to the
- well-founded sets and one is doing ZF. One could restrict oneself
- further to ZFC by making the further restriction to the constructible
- sets. This makes it clear that the notion of cardinal number (but not
- the notion of having the same cardinal) in ZF depends on the notion of
- "well-founded set", not on the narrower notion of "ordinal".
-
- The definition of absoluteness goes as follows: let M be a transitive
- class (a class which contains all elements of its elements). A
- formula P is absolute for M if the formula is equivalent to its
- version with all quantifiers restricted to M, for any choice of
- parameters from M.
-
- Any formula in which each quantifier is restricted to a set is clearly
- absolute if it makes sense in M at all (because all elements of a set
- in M are in fact in M; if the set to which the quantifier is
- restricted does not exist in M, the formula doesn't make sense in M).
-
- It is possible to define "ordinal" using a restricted formula: "x is
- transitive and x is linearly ordered by membership" iff x is an
- ordinal, and every quantifier in the definition can be restricted to x
- itself. It is not possible to define cardinality using a restricted
- formula: |A| = |B| if there is a bijection f from A to B; the problem
- is that the transitive class M might not contain any witness f to this
- fact, so, relative to M, A and B might have different cardinalities
- due to the fact that no witness f to their equinumerousness is in M
- (it would not be the case that there was a bijection f _in M_ from A
- to B).
-
- The non-definability of the cardinal numbers in ZF- is a different
- kind of problem. Equinumerousness (having the same cardinal) is
- perfectly definable in ZF-; the problem is that it is impossible to
- pick a canonical set to represent each cardinality in ZF-.
- --
- The opinions expressed | --Sincerely,
- above are not the "official" | M. Randall Holmes
- opinions of any person | Math. Dept., Boise State Univ.
- or institution. | holmes@opal.idbsu.edu
-