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- From: iqbal@omaha.eel.ufl.edu (M.Iqbal)
- Newsgroups: sci.electronics
- Subject: Re: 486DX2 Crystals
- Message-ID: <1992Dec16.011918.25341@eng.ufl.edu>
- Date: 16 Dec 92 01:19:18 GMT
- References: <1g4ul8INN2em@violet.csv.warwick.ac.uk> <1992Dec12.003507.1@research.ptt.nl>
- Sender: news@eng.ufl.edu (Usenet Diskhog System)
- Organization: University of Florida
- Lines: 63
-
- In article <1992Dec12.003507.1@research.ptt.nl>, walvdrk_r@research.ptt.nl (Kees van der Wal) writes:
- |> In article <1g4ul8INN2em@violet.csv.warwick.ac.uk>, esrej@csv.warwick.ac.uk (Mr
- |> L A J Davis) writes:
- |>
- |> > I purchased a 486 motherboard fitted with a 486DX2 50MHz cpu. Unfortunately
- |> > with no extra cooling the system fails to complete its bootup proceedure.
- |> > The board is fitted with 33.3MHz crystal that can be replaced presumably
- |> > for the different 486 cpu's the board is able to support.
- |> > By cooling the cpu with a cold can out the fridge(very scientific) and
- |> > I have managed to briefly run norton si which claims my processor is
- |> > a 67MHz 486. My guess is that the crystal should be 25MHZ for the cpu
- |> > to operate however on contacting the supplier he claimed that the crystal
- |> > frequency didnt matter so long as it is high enough and reckons i need a
- |> > 50 or 80 Mhz xtal which he is posting to me. Is this assumption correct?
- |>
- |> My Taiwan motherboard with 486DX2-66 has a crystal of 33.33MHz. The
- |> documentation prescribes a 25MHz crystal for a 50Mhz DX2 and a 50Mhz version
- |> for a 50MHz DX. Also some jumpers have to be set.
- |>
- |> > Logically I would say that the cpu frequency is directly related to the
- |> > xtal frequency and therefore, as I have a dx2 50 the xtal should be 25MHz
- |> > (or possibly some multiple of that)
- |>
- |> This makes sense to me. Though I still wonder where my DX2 get's its 66MHz
- |> clock from if the crystal runs at 33MHz only. Does it contain some internal
- |> clock doubler circuitry?
-
- Square wave have infinte number of frequencies: a fact explained in
- any introductory communication book. If you do not believe me than
- try finding Fourier Transform of a pulse train or see a specturm
- of a pulse train on a spectrum analyzer.
-
- Anyways, one should be able see that square wave have harmonics all over
- the frequency band. What CPU is doing is picking up a harmonic of the input
- clock frequecny. Therefore, second harmonic of 25 mhz is 50 mhz and similarly
- second harmonic of 33 mhz is 66 mhz. Usually, a CPU has a Phase lock loop
- to lock on the second harmonic of the clock frequency; thus, running
- the internal circuitry of the porcessor at 50 or 66 mhz. One can, however,
- pick up second harmonic by using a filter, but, it is much easier to build
- a Phase lock loop on a silicon wafer than passive components like R, L,
- and C.
-
- There are all sort of issues involve in using 2nd harmonic like the
- energy of the second harmonic quite low. I have do not know what
- actually microprocessor manufactures work around this problem. It may
- be possible that they use an amplifier, but than one has to sacrify
- chip area for speed or user shorter pulses, thus, giving more energy
- in the second harmonic.
-
- I hope this would have helped.
-
-
- --
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