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- From: reinej@bray1a.its.rpi.edu (John Theodore Reine)
- Subject: RE: Infrared Remote Controls
- Message-ID: <j-n2hap@rpi.edu>
- Nntp-Posting-Host: bray1a.its.rpi.edu
- Reply-To: reinej@rpi.edu
- Organization: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.
- Date: Thu, 17 Dec 1992 22:54:10 GMT
- Lines: 212
-
-
-
- Here what I found out about Infrared Remote Controls
- during a high school science fair project:
- I plan to answer the following questions here:
-
- -What kind of signal comes out of the remote control?
- -How does the component know what button was pressed?
- -What happens when you keep a button pressed down?
- -Some possible computer interfacing- what i did (and tried to do).
-
- The remote control emits a series of on and off pulses of Infrared light
- when a button is pressed. It is the pattern of these signals that lets
- the component decipher which button was pressed. There are two kinds
- of on pulses that it emits, a short one and a long one. These are in
- a pattern from 7 to 15 pulses long, depending on the remote, that is
- different for each button pressed.
- Here is a sample of a pattern from a Sony CD remote control. The short
- pulses are represented by a S and the long pulses are represented by a B.
- The timing space between each pulse, long or short, is the same.
- The button #'s are the actual 1,2,3.. on the remote.
- This is button #1
-
- S S S S S S S B S S S B
-
- here it is plotted out:
-
- ON - - - - - - - -- - - - --
- off- - - - - - - - - - - - --
-
- This pattern is repeated over and over again on sony remotes as
- long as you hold down the button. What this pattern contains
- is a pattern that tells the component what button is being pressed,
- and another pattern that is the same for all buttons. After
- looking at a few patterns, you will see.
-
-
- Button #2
-
- B S S S S S S B S S S B
-
- plotted: (as you can see, the big pulses are twice the little
- ones. I am not sure of the timing, and do not
- trust the timing that I got since I was learning
- how to use an oscilloscope)
- on __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __
- off____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______
-
- Now, for the pattern for Button #3, I will put a marker where the
- two patterns are divided. The pattern for the particular button
- will be on the left, the other on the right. The one on the right
- is slightly different for different components made by sony so
- they will not get confused. The pattern for, say yamaha, is about
- 15 pulses long and completely different than Sony's, exept for one
- aspect that will be discussed.
-
- Button #3
- |
- S B S S S S S B S S S B
-
- BUTTON #4
- |
- B B S S S S S B S S S B
-
- As you can see, the pattern on the right is changing while the
- one on the left is not. Now I will replace all the B's with 1's
- and all the S's with 0's and repeat the pattern for button #4.
-
- BUTTON #4
- |
- 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
- Now i will isolate the first pattern:
- 1 1 0 0 0 0 and rotate it
-
-
- 0 0 0 0 1 1
- And now we have what looks to be a binary code...
- This binary number, for button #4, is 3
- hmmmm...
-
- now let us look at the two previouse buttons, 1 and two
-
- Button #1
- |
- S S S S S S S B S S S B
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
-
- rotate:
-
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 and we have the binary equivalent of Button #1 = to 0
-
- Button #2
- |
- B S S S S S S B S S S B
- 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
- rotate:
-
- 0 0 0 0 0 1 and we have the binary equivalent on Button #2 = to 1
-
- Lets skip right to button #9
- |
- S S S B S S S B S S S B
- 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
-
- rotate:
- 0 0 1 0 0 0 and we have the binary equivalent of Button #9 = to 8
-
- By now, you see the pattern. That for every numbered button on a
- remote control, the reversed binary equivalent of the code is one
- less than the number of the button that was pressed. The trick is,
- it is not like this on only sony remotes. While the rest of the
- pattern is longer or shorter, for every remote that I tested, this
- pattern was true.
- Now, as long as the button was pressed down on the sony remote, it
- is the complete above patterns that are sent again and again. But
- on some remotes, this pattern is sent only once, and then as long
- as the button was pressed, a small trailing pattern is sent to tell
- the component that the button was pressed. These kinds of remotes
- are not good for practical purposes because if you aim it wrong
- when you press the button, you have to repress it instead of waving
- it around with the button held down to get the light to the component
- as you can do with the sony. You can tell if you have a one shot
- or continuous remote by pressing a button with you hand over the
- emitter, then keeping it pressed and remove your hand. If the
- component reacts then it is a continuous.
- The way that I looked at the signal was to attach an infrared
- detector to an oscilloscope. With good triggering, you can get
- it so that the signal appears beutifully. The little metal box
- with a detector and a chip that makes the signal constant and
- perfect and wipes out all the noise from Radio Shack is better
- than a plain detector.
- Recap:
-
- There is a signal coming out of the remote, say in this case a
- continuous, that as long as you press the button, will repeat
- over and over again
- remote button #17 _____
- | ________ signal | |
- |________| | | \
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | tv |
- enlarged /~\ |_____ /
- ____________/ \_______
- S S S S B S S B S S S B
- 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
- rotated
-
- 0 1 0 0 0 0 and we get binary number of 16, one less than 17, the
- button pressed!
-
-
- If that were a one shot remote, only one ~ would be sent, with
- trailing stuff. but one shot remotes are not that imortant for
- hacking, but are good to know about. here is a list of brands.
-
- One Shot Continuous
- Onkyo pioneer
- carver sony
- aiwa JVC
- yamaha mitstubishi
- denon rca
- toshiba proscan
- sanyo vcr2
- zamzung goldstar
- hitachi panasonic
- nakamichi
- Maybe someone could tell me why there are two formats, and why use oneshot
- when continuous is obviously better? Just curious.
-
-
- Interfacing with computers:
-
- Pure speculation on my part, but couldn't one use any kind
- of digital interface, connect an IR detector, and write a simple
- program to time the intervals between pulses, and the length of
- pulses? Then for output, simply have the program blink an emitter
- at the same times. I made a 24 input/output digital interface
- card a while ago, and when i have time will try the above experiment.
- One thing that might slow me down is that currently i only have
- an XT for interfacing purposes (mom and dad won't let me go inside
- the at's] This could also be done thru the parallel port, too.
- I have tried to do some timing on a 286, but couldn't get results
- that were correct because I was using an interface that was
- connected through a communications port and was set at the max, 9600
- baud.
-
- For analysis of the signal, an oscilloscope is the bast way. To look at
- the code of one-shot remotes, you need storage. I have an old techtronix
- that happens to have it. You can also "listen" to the light by connecting
- an IR detector to an amplifier.
-
- I have only read about the miniboard, so the following is
- only what I have thought up. In article 2083 of comp.robotics,
- Fred Martin talks about the high speed bus option on the miniboard,
- with a master out slave in line, and a master in slave out line.
- By looking at the schematic, there are 4 lines thatare connected
- to other 6811's. The SCK line, the master clock, SS line,that
- selects slaves, which is always true in the case of the miniboard,
- and the MOSIand MISO lines. Is there a way to have a master and
- a slave talk over IR light? How would the clock be transmitted?
- Could one binary light connection do all three lines?
-
- Any comments or suggestions are appreciated.
-
-
-
- John Reine
- email reinej@rpi.edu
- rpi:518 217 7741
- home:617 235 6489
-
- Keywords:
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