NetNews Usenet Archive 1992 #30/NN_1992_30.iso/spool/comp/protocol/iso/1419

Internet Message Format | 1992-12-14 | 29.6 KB

Xref: sparky comp.protocols.iso:1419 comp.std.misc:163
Path: sparky!uunet!enterpoop.mit.edu!ira.uka.de!fauern!uni-erlangen.de!not-for-mail
From: [e-mail] (Markus Kuhn)
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.iso,comp.std.misc
Subject: Standards FAQ (draft!)
Date: 14 Dec 1992 18:47:51 +0100
Organization: Regionales Rechenzentrum Erlangen
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Reply-To: [e-mail]
NNTP-Posting-Host: cd4680fs.rrze.uni-erlangen.de
Lines: 761
Summary: Answers to questions such as what are ISO standards, where can I
         get standards, what are ISO/CCITT/ANSI/etc., what standards are
         there relevant to computing, ...? This is a periodic posting in
         comp.protocols.iso and comp.std.misc.
Keywords: standards, ISO, ANSI, CCITT

Archive-name: standards
Last-modified: $Date: 92/12/14 18:41:15 $
Version: $Revision: 1.1 $

Frequently Asked Questions about International Standards with Answers
---------------------------------------------------------------------

This text is a monthly posting to the USENET group comp.protocols.iso
and comp.std.misc. Its purpose is to give answers to some of the most
often appearing questions in these groups and to collect interesting
information about standards that appeared in USENET discussions.

This standards FAQ has previously been part of the osi-protocols FAQ
posted in comp.protocols.iso, so many items listed here may still be
quite OSI standard orientated. I hope, the knowledgeable readers will
help me to cover also other topics.

If you have a suggestion how this text might be improved or have a text
that you would like to be added, please send it to Markus Kuhn
<[e-mail]>.

This FAQ is crossposted to news.answers and won't expire there on well
managed news systems until the next version has been posted. As a
consequence of being crossposted to news.answers, this text will also
be automatically archived on many FAQ servers all over the world (e.g.
look with anonymous ftp at pit-manager.mit.edu [18.172.1.27] in
directory /pub/usenet/news.answers). You'll find there also many other
answers to frequently asked questions.

Don't be angry if anything in this text is incorrect. As with all
information exchanged on USENET, you only get what you pay for and the
current author isn't payed a single pfennig for this FAQ. Better mail
me the correction!

I hope you enjoy it ...

Markus


Contents
--------

  What are ISO, CCITT, ANSI, ...?
! Why can't I ftp ISO standards?
! Where can I get standard documents?
  How can I get in contact with the committees?
  Where can I ftp CCITT recommendations?
! Which Internet resources provide information about standards?
  What's the meaning of CD, DIS, IS?
  ISO standards relevant to computing
+ What's the address of my national standard body?

A '+' in the first column marks a topic that has been added since this
FAQ has been posted the last time and a '!' marks a change.



What are ISO, CCITT, ANSI, ...?
-------------------------------

Many countries have national standard bodies where experts from
industry and universities develop standards for all kinds of
engineering problems. Among them are for instance

     ANSI     American National Standards Institute       USA
     DIN      Deutsches Institut fuer Normung             Germany
     BSI      British Standards Institution               United Kingdom
     AFNOR    Association francaise de normalisation      France
     UNI      Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificatione     Italy
     NNI      Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut           Netherlands
     SAA      Standards Australia                         Australia
     SANZ     Standards Association of New Zealand        New Zealand
     NSF      Norges Standardiseringsforbund              Norway

and about 80 others.

The International Organization for Standardization ISO in Geneva is the
head organization of all these national standardization bodies.
Together with the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC, ISO
concentrates its efforts on harmonising national standards all over the
world. The results of these activities are published as ISO standards.
Among them are for instance the metric system of units, international
letter sizes, all kinds of bolt nuts, rules for technical drawings,
electrical connectors, security regulations, computer protocols, file
formats, bicycle components, ID cards, programming languages,
International Standard Book Numbers (ISBN), ... Over 10.000 ISO
standards have been published so far and you surely get in contact with
a lot of things each day that conform to ISO standards you never heard
of.

Within ISO, the ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC1) deals with
information technology and OSI.

The International Telecommunication Union ITU is the United Nations
specialized agency dealing with telecommunications. At present there
are 164 member countries. One of its bodies is the International
Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee CCITT. A Plenary
Assembly of the CCITT, which takes place every few years, draws up a
list of 'Questions' about possible improvements in international
electronic communication. In Study Groups, experts from different
countries develop 'Recommendations' which are published after they have
been adopted. Especially relevant to computing are the V series of
recommendations on modems (e.g. V.32, V.42), the X series on data
networks and OSI (e.g. X.25, X.400) and the I series that defines ISDN.

Since 1961, the European Computer Manufacturers Association ECMA has
been a forum for data processing experts where standards have been
prepared intended to be drafts for ISO, CCITT and other Standards
Organizations.


Why can't I ftp ISO standards?
------------------------------

ISO standard documents are copyrighted by ISO and their price is much
higher than the costs for printing and shipping the papers. This is
because the expenses of running ISO are covered completely by selling
the standards. ISO has no other source of money for its operation.
Consequently, ISO standards are NOT available as public domain
documents to Internet users.

Many people feel that this is a great disadvantage and ISO is at the
moment examining other methods of distributing the documents (e.g.
CD-ROM, magnetic tapes and online access) but the odds are very low
that ISO standards will become freely redistributable files like
Internet RFCs in the near future (i.e. this decade).

BTW: The costs of actually developing standards is bourne by the
thousands of organizations which pay for the time and travel expenses
of the delegates to national and international level meetings.

By a liaison contribution from ISO/IEC JTC1/SC6 to the Internet
Architecture Board (IAB), very few OSI standards (e.g. ISO 8073, ISO
8473, ISO 9542, ISO 10589) ARE available as PostScript files with ftp
from merit.edu in directory pub/iso.


Where can I get standard documents?
-----------------------------------

ISO standards are sold by the national standard body members (e.g.
ANSI, DIN, ...), by special companies or by the General Secretary in
Geneva. The best way to order standards is normally to contact your
national standard body.

ISO publishes an 'ISO Bulletin' with information about current
standardization activities and articles about various standards.
It lists all the ISO standards published or withdrawn, the DISs
circulated, the CDs registerd, etc. It also has a calendar of all
upcoming ISO meetings. You can get it from your national standards
body or from the General Secretary in Geneva. You may get more
information on this from:

     International Organization
     for Standardization
     Promotion and Press Department
     Case Postale 56
     CH-1211 Geneve 20
     Switzerland

ISO publishes each year an 'ISO Catalogue' which lists all ISO
standards currently in force and other ISO publications (e.g. guides
and standards handbooks) with a price code. It contains an entry like

     ISO 4074-2:1980   Rubber condoms--
                       Part 2: Determination of length
                       Ed. 1   2 p.   Code A   TC 157

                       Preservatifs masculins en caoutchouc--
                       Partie 2: Determination de la longueur

for each ISO standard in both English and French and a few other lists.
You have to ask your national standards body how much you have to pay
them for a standard with price code A (e.g. 20 Swiss francs in
Switzerland and 27,10 DM in Germany). The price depends on the number
of pages of the document. Code A means 1 or 2 pages. :-(

You can order all CCITT recommendations from

     International Telecommunication Union
     General Secretariat - Sales Section
     Place des Nations
     CH-1211 Geneva 20
     Switzerland

There you can also get a free ITU List of Publications. The 1988 series
of recommendations has been published as the 'Blue Book' which fills
about 16,000 pages or a whole shelf. Only a few of the Blue Book
volumes are about OSI, the rest is dealing with the phone, ISDN, telex
and teletex nets, fax protocols, international tarifs etc. In the past,
CCITT recommendations have been published in a four year cyclus. These
publications are identified by the color of their envelopes: 1960 red,
1964 blue, 1968 white, 1972 green, 1976 orange, 1980 yellow, 1984 red
and 1988 blue. The 1992 White Book will be the last four year
collection of all recommendations. After this, all recommendations will
be published separately.

An ITU document ordering form may be retrieved from the ITU Teledoc
mail server (see below) or with anonymous ftp from ftp.uni-erlangen.de
in pub/doc/ccitt/ordering-documents.

The CCITT 1988 Blue Books are also available from:

     United Nations Bookshop
     General Assembly Building
     Room:  G.A. 32 B
     New York, NY 10017

     phone [phone]
          [phone] (outside NY)
     fax   [phone]

     Visa or Mastercards are accepted over $15.00.
     $2 per book for shipping/handling.
     UPS over 5 books is free of charge.
     E.g. the fascile with X.400-X.420 costs $68.70.

All ECMA standards are free and can be ordered at no cost from

     European Computer
     Manufacturers Association
     114 Rue du Rhone
     CH-1204 Geneva
     Switzerland

     phone [phone]
     fax   [phone]
     telex  413237

The address of the European Telecommunication Standards Institute is:

     ETSI
     BP 152
     F-06561 Valbonne Cedex
     France

     phone [phone]
     fax   [phone]

The address of CEPT is

     CEPT Liaison Office
     Seilerstrasse 22
     CH-3008  Bern
     Switzerland

     phone [phone]
     fax   [phone]

The address of the ANSI sales department is:

     ANSI
     Attention: Customer Service
     11 West 42nd St.
     New York, NY 10036

     phone [phone]

DIN, ISO and other standards are sold in Germany by

     Beuth Verlag
     Postfach 1145
     W-1000 Berlin 30
     Germany

     phone   [phone]
     fax     [phone]
     telex   183622 bvb d
     teletex 302107 bvb awg

Document distribution for OMNICOM (which is out of business) is taken over
by Phillips Business Information.  The phone number 1-800-OMNICOM still
works, but is answered by Phillips.

     Phillips Business Information
     7811 Montrose Rd
     Potomac, MD 20854.

     phone +1-800-OMNICOM or [phone]
     fax   [phone]

It is highly recommended to compare prices before ordering standards!


How can I get in contact with the committees?
---------------------------------------------

The standard way is to contact the members of a committee that have
been sent there by your national standards body.

Only very few experts active within ISO and CCITT are regularly reading
USENET and are reachable with Internet mail.

The editor of the new ASN.1 encoding rules standard (ISO 8825) is

     Bancroft Scott <[e-mail]>

The most active participants in the X.gc group working on a news
extension for the X.400 electronic mail protocols similar to USENET are

     Jacob Palme, Stockholm University <[e-mail]>
     Hiromiki Moriyama <[e-mail]>
     Murray Turoff, New Jersey Inst. of Technology <[e-mail]>
     Steve Benford, Nottingham University <[e-mail]>


Where can I ftp CCITT recommendations?
--------------------------------------

There has been an experimental ftp server for CCITT recommendations but
this service has been shut down in the end of 1991 and the files
haven't been of very high quality (incomplete, missing graphics and
tables). If you still see CCITT documents in the file system of some
Internet ftp servers, then these are illegal files now, as the material
is still copyrighted by ITU!

ITU now operates its own public document store (Teledoc). At the
moment, it can only be reached as a mail server (Teledoc Auto-Answering
Mailbox, TAM), but an interactive VT inteface and ftp access are
planned for early 1993. The TAM is an X.400 "robot" mailbox at ITU
headquarters in Geneva. Its address is:

     X.400: S=teledoc; P=itu; A=archom; C=ch
  Internet: [e-mail]

You can send it messages like

     HELP
     LIST
     LIST CCITT
     LIST CCITT/REC
     GET 1449

The project coordinator for Teledoc is Robert Shaw <[e-mail]>.


Which Internet resources provide information about standards?
-------------------------------------------------------------

The author of this FAQ maintains an ftp archive where all kind of
information about ISO standards is collected at ftp.uni-erlangen.de in
pub/doc/ISO/english. Contact [e-mail] if
you would like to contribute anything.

The RFCs are ftpable from nic.ddn.mil, nisc.sri.com, nnsc.nsf.net and
from many other sites all over the world.

For information about POSIX, look at the file ~ftp/usenet/comp.std.unix
on ftp.uu.net.

Other ftp locations with information about OSI and other ISO standards
are:

  address               directory                content
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  osi.ncsl.nist.gov     *                        GOSIP stuff
  ftp.uu.net            networking/osi           ISODE
                        networking/x25           X.25 software
  nic.ddn.mil           protocols                DoD and GOSIP related stuff
                        rfc                      RFC Repository
  cs.ucl.ac.uk          src                      ISODE, PP, OSIMIS, ...
                        osi-ds                   Internet X.500 documents
                        ietf-osi-oda             Internet ODA documents
  aun.uninett.no        ietf/mhs-ds              X.500 based routing drafts
  ftp.ifi.uio.no        pub/SGML                 SGML/HyTime related things
  dkuug.dk              i18n                     internationalisation standards
  ftp.ripe.net          ripe/docs/iso3166-codes  ISO Country Codes
  isode.com             *                        ISODE Consortium documents
  merit.edu             pub/iso                  few ISO standards (CLNP etc.)

The USENET group comp.protocols.iso.x400 has been introduced for
discussions about the X.400 OSI e-mail protocol suite. Harald Tveit
Alvestrand <[e-mail]> is posting a X.400 FAQ
and product list monthly there and Jacob Palme <[e-mail]> posts
his reports from the CCITT/ISO X.400 study group meetings in the same
group. These textes are also available on ftp.uni-erlangen.de.


What's the meaning of CD, DIS, IS?
----------------------------------

[Posted by Brad Smith <[e-mail]>]

Replies to an earlier posting of mine indicated a lack of familiarity
with current ISO procedures for developing and gaining consensus on
international standards.  Here are some notes to update you.

The 1989 revision of the ISO-IEC Directives specify the accepted
procedure for developing and approving International Standards.
This is a complicated process with many activities and critical
milestones so if you do any standards work, you will probably
want to get a copy of the document for reference.

THE ISO PROCESS:

The Directives give a set of procedures for managing the work of
a committee which define five stages of document approval:

       The Proposal Stage
            Voting members ballot on the creation of a new
            standards project.

       The Preparatory Stage
            Project Leader manages the development of a Working
            Draft.

       The Committee Stage
            Consensus is achieved on a Committee Draft.

       The Approval Stage
            National bodies vote on a Draft International
            Standard.

       The Publication Stage
            ISO publishes the International Standard.

PROPOSAL STAGE:

The Proposal stage begins with a suggestion for a new area of
standardization activity (see [ISO1] - clause 2.2, page 17).  The
suggestion is documented on an ISO New Work Item Proposal form
and is sent out by the committee's Secretariat to all
participating and observing members of the committee, to all
liaison organizations, and to other national bodies of ISO.  A
three-month voting period is prescribed.  All voting members have
an obligation to reply.

Approval requires a simple majority vote and a commitment by at
least five national bodies to actively participate.  Projects can
be placed within an existing Working Group (WG), or a new WG can
be created to act as a focus for technical development work.

The Proposal stage ends when a New Work Item is approved, is
registered with the ISO, and is included in the list of projects
within the program of work of the SC-4 Committee.

PREPARATORY STAGE:

The Preparatory stage of ISO standards development covers the
creation of a working draft of the ultimate standard (see [ISO1]
- clause 2.3, page 17).  The work is performed by experts from
participating countries organized into working groups and
advisory groups under the guidance of a convener, and further
subdivided into project areas each under the direction of a
Project Leader (see [ISO1] - clause 2.1.6, page 16).

Different committees may decide on different procedures to govern
the development of working drafts of their standards.  In our
committee, Working Group conveners have been encouraged to
subdivide the technical work into logical tasks each under the
direction of a Project Leader.  Project Leaders report to the
Convener of their parent Working Group.  The Working Group
convener usually serves as a Project Leader (see [ISO1] - clause
2.3.3, page 17) but is additionally responsible for coordinating
any other Project Leaders in the WG as well.

As technical work is completed by a WG, it is documented in a
working draft of an ISO standard and begins the process of
consensus-building and approval.  Generally, each document has an
editor who has custody of the electronic form of the document,
but the project leader has the overall responsibility for
coordinating the efforts necessary to gain approval of the draft
as an international standard.

The ISO Directives do not give details of the process for
developing a working draft within the hierarchy of projects, WGs,
and advisory groups.  That is left for each SC to establish for
itself.  Our committee has a detailed set of procedures which are
available if anyone wants to see them.

The Preparatory stage for any one Part ends when a working draft
of that Part has been approved by the Project Management Advisory
Group.  It is at that time given to the Secretariat of SC-4 who
formally registers the Part as a Committee Draft with ISO
(see [ISO1] - clause 2.3.8, page 18).

COMMITTEE STAGE:

The Committee stage begins with the circulation of the document
in the form of a Committee Draft (CD) for formal balloting (see
[ISO1], clause 2.4.1, page 18 and SC4 Res# 73).  The ballot is
sent out by the committee Secretariat to all participating and
observing countries of SC-4 and also to Class A Liaison
organizations.  All recipients are asked for comments on the CD.
Voting members are asked to vote on the acceptance of the CD for
registration as a Draft International Standard.  All voting
members have an obligation to reply.  A three month voting period
is prescribed.  Ballot comments are collected and summarized by
the Secretariat.

A team consisting of the Secretariat, the committee Chairman, the
affected Conveners, and the affected Project Leaders review the
ballot comments to determine the degree of consensus obtained.
Based on the evaluation, a decision is made whether to

       a)  discuss the CD and comments at the next meeting,
       b)  register the CD as a Draft International Standard, or
       c)  ask that a revised CD be prepared for circulation

If at least three voting members of SC-4 disagree with proposal
b) or c) of the Secretariat, the CD will be put on the agenda for
discussion at the next committee meeting.

Failure to attain consensus approval of a Part will trigger
determination c) above and thus cause the document to be returned
to the Working Group level for the preparation of a revised
Committee Draft.

It should be noted that both an English and a French text must be
available for each Part during the Approval stage which comes
next.  This translation should be instigated at an early date to
allow time for a quality effort.

The Committee stage ends for a CD when the Part is accepted by
committee ballot.  The document is then given to the Secretariat
who formally submits the English and French versions to ISO for
registration of the Part as a Draft International Standard (see
[ISO1] - clause 2.4.7, page 19).

APPROVAL STAGE:

The Approval Stage begins with circulation of the English and
French versions of the Part in the form of a Draft International
Standard (DIS) for formal balloting (see [ISO1] - clause 2.5.1,
page 19).  The ballot is sent out by ISO Central Secretariat to
all national bodies of ISO (our committee members plus others).
Recipients are asked to vote on the approval of the DIS as an
International Standard.  All national bodies have an obligation
to reply.  A six-month voting period is prescribed.  Ballot
comments are collected by ISO and are returned to our committee.

The DIS is approved if a two-thirds majority of votes cast by
voting members of our committee are in favor and if not more than
25% of the total number of votes cast are negative.  Abstentions
are excluded when counting votes (see [ISO1] - clause 2.5.3, page
20).  If so approved, the committee Chairman, in cooperation with
the Secretariat, and in consultation with the ISO Chief Executive
Officer makes a decision whether the document should be published
without change or whether an amendment should be drafted to
reflect persuasive technical comments received (see [ISO1] -
clause 2.5.4, page 20).  If an amendment is drafted, it requires
a two-month vote as above.

If the DIS is not approved, the committee Chairman, in
cooperation with the Secretariat (and if necessary the Project
Leader and the affected WG Conveners), and in consultation with
the ISO Chief Executive Officer makes a decision whether to
prepare a new DIS for a two month vote or to refer the document
back to committee for further work (see [ISO1] - clause 2.5.6,
page 20).

The Approval stage ends with the decision of the committee
Chairman to publish.  The Secretariat then prepares the final
manuscript and sends it to ISO.

PUBLICATION STAGE:

The ISO Chief Executive Officer does final preparation of the
Foreword and sends the proof back to the SC-4 Secretariat for
review.  Further editorial or technical amendments are
unacceptable at this stage.

The Publication stage ends with the release of the document as an
International Standard.

[The reference [ISO1] hasn't been resolved in the original posting, but
according to the ISO Catalogue the complete ISO ceremony of creating a
standard is defined in:

  IEC/ISO Directives -- Part 1,
  Procedures for the technical work,
  1989, 140p., ISBN 92-67-10150-1.

  IEC/ISO Directives -- Part 2,
  Methodology for the development of International Standards,
  1989, 62p., ISBN 92-67-10149-8.

  IEC/ISO Directives -- Part 3,
  Drafting and presentation of International Standards,
  1989, 2nd ed., 82 p., bilingual, ISBN 92-67-01055-7. ]


ISO standards relevant to computing
-----------------------------------

A summary of ISO and CCITT standards relevant to OSI (Open System
Interconnection) protocols is part of the osi-protocols FAQ which is
posted to comp.protocols.iso.

ISO 646    Good ol' 7-bit ASCII with national variants

IEC 824    Terminology related to microprocessors

ISO 2022   ESC sequences for switching between various character sets

ISO 2382   Information technology -- Vocabulary

ISO 3166   Codes for the representation of names of countries.
           These are well known in the Internet as top-level
           domain names.

ISO 4217   Codes for the representation of currencies and funds

ISO 5218   Representation of human sexes

ISO 6429   ASCII Control Codes, also known as VT100/VT320/ANSI escape
           sequences

ISO 6709   Representation of latitude, longitude and altitude of
           geographic positions.

ISO 8601   Representation of Dates and Times

ISO 8632   Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM)

ISO 8652   The Ada programming language

ISO 8859   Several 8-bit ASCII extensions. Especially ISO 8859-1, the
           Latin alphabet No. 1 has become widely implemented and may
           already be seen as the de-facto standard ASCII replacement.

               ISO 8859-1     west european languages (latin 1)
               ISO 8859-2     east european languages (latin 2)
               ISO 8859-3     other latin characters (latin 3)
               ISO 8859-4     north european languages (latin 4)
               ISO 8859-5     latin/cyrillic
               ISO 8859-6     latin/arabic
               ISO 8859-7     latin/greek
               ISO 8859-8     latin/hebrew
               ISO 8859-9     latin 1 modification for turkey (latin 5)

ISO 8879   Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), a format
           for storing documents together with their logical structure
           and perhaps layout information in a standardized way.
           (see also USENET group comp.text.sgml)

ISO 9127   User documentation and cover information for consumer
           software packages

ISO 9592   Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics Interface
           (PHIGS)

ISO 9593   PHIGS Language Bindings (Fortran, Pascal, Ada, C)

ISO 9541   Font and Character Information Interchange

ISO 9636   Graphical device interfaces

ISO 9660   CD-ROM volume and file structure

ISO 9899   The C programming language

ISO 9945   UNIX style system calls and shell commands (POSIX)

ISO 10646  A 32-bit character set called UCS containing (nearly) all
           characters used on this planet that will hopefully solve
           most of the character set troubles with computers one day.
           Today only the 16-bit subset UCS-2 has been defined, also
           known as 'Unicode' that is expected to become pretty
           popular soon and will be supported by Windows NT, Plan 9
           and other new operating systems.

ISO 10744  HyTime -- A hypertext/multimedia extension to SGML


What's the address of my national standard body?
------------------------------------------------

The address of the ISO headquater is:

International Organization
for Standardization
Case postale 56
1, rue de Varembe
CH-1211 Geneve 20
Switzerland

            national        (022) 749 01 11      (In correct and complete
Telephone   -------------------------------       complete E.123 notation :-)
            international  [phone]

Telefax     [phone]
Telex       41 22 05 iso ch
Telegrams   isorganiz

And here comes a list of the current 91 member bodies of ISO. According
to ISO regulations, only one organization "most representative of
standardization in its country" is allowed to be ISO member body in
each country. Revisions to the following addresses are announced in the
monthly ISO Bulletin. Each Organization with a '*' is a sales agent for
ISO publications in its country.

Albania (DSMA)
* Drejtoia e Standardeve dhe e
Mjeteve Martese ne Ministrine e
Ekonomise
Bulevardi: Deshmoret e Kombit
TIRANA

TF 2 62 55
TX 42 95 koplan ab
TG standardi tirana

Algeria (INAPI)
* Institut algerien de normalisation
et de propriete industrielle
5, rue Abou Hamou Moussa
B.P. 1021 - Centre de tri
ALGER

TP [phone]
TF [phone]
TX 6 64 09 inapi dz

Argentina (IRAM)
Instituto de Racionalizacion de Materiales
Chile 1192
1098 BUENOS AIRES

TP [phone]
TF [phone]
TX 2 60 86 iflex ar

Australia (SAA)
* Standards Australia
P.O. BOX 458
NORTH SYDNEY - N.S.W. 2059

TP [phone]
TF + 61 2 959 38 96
TX 2 65 14 astan aa
TG ausstandard north sydney

[Well, typing this list becomes boring VERY quickly ... Perhaps someone
else will volunteer or we wait until I feel really depressive and need
a task like this. Do you know a list hacking expert who could finish
these addresses in a free hour? I could fax you the list or ftp you a
scanned 300dpi PostScript file of the 3 pages. Markus :-) ]


I wish to thank the following people and others for their contributions
to this text (and the osi-protocols FAQ):

  David Gay <[e-mail]>
  Kit Lueder <[e-mail]>
  Don Provan <[e-mail]>
  David Torr <[e-mail]>
  See-Mong Tan <[e-mail]>
  Harald Tveit Alvestrand <[e-mail]>
  Kerry Raymond <[e-mail]>
  Alasdair Grant <[e-mail]>
  Lakshmoji Rao <[e-mail]>
  John A. Shriver <[e-mail]>

[End of standards FAQ]

--
Markus Kuhn, Computer Science student -=-=- University of Erlangen, Germany
Internet: [e-mail]  |  X.500 entry available
----- Anyone participating in the use of MS-DOS, Heroin or Cocaine is -----
---- simply not getting the most out of life possible. (Brian Downing) ----