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- From: francis@ac.dal.ca
- Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.misc
- Subject: Re: Real mode / Protected mode definition?
- Message-ID: <1992Dec16.223822.9641@ac.dal.ca>
- Date: 17 Dec 92 02:38:22 GMT
- References: <1go1kjINN986@mizar.usc.edu>
- Organization: Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Lines: 26
-
- > I'd appreciate someone providing a definition of real mode and
- > protected mode. I thought I understood the difference - until I
- > needed to explain it someone. I looked in the MS-DOS 5.0 manual and
- > found nothing. Is this something that usually involves Windows only?
- > The question came to me from someone who just bought a new compiler
- > that said he could compile either for real or protected mode.
-
- The number of address lines the microprocessor can use depends on the mode the
- PC is running in. The 8086 only had one mode, and in it all 20 address lines
- are active (giving it 2x10e20, or 1Mb RAM access). The '286 (24 address
- lines=16Mb RAM), '386 & '486 (32 address lines=4Gb RAM) can use all of their
- address lines, but only when they are running in *protected mode*. DOS does
- not run in protected mode; DOS will only run in these processors' *real* mode,
- which emulates an 8086. In real mode, only the first 20 address lines are
- active. A 286, 386 or 486 running in real mode (running DOS) is limited to
- 1Mb of memory, just like an 8086. The 386 and 486 support a third mode called
- *virtual 86 mode*, which is similar to real mode, except that it is possible
- for DOS to gain access to more than 1Mb of memory because of the quirks of
- virtual 86 mode. When run in protected mode, each program can be allocated a
- certain section of memory, which other programs cannot touch, hence the name
- "protected mode." PM also allows the use of extended memory, virtual memory
- and performs multitasking of programs. DOS does not run in protected mode, so
- does not allow any of these features either, but an O/S such as OS/2, Unix or
- the to be released Windows NT, which are true 32 bit operating systems, take
- full advantage of the uP power. Windows 3.1 is *not* an O/S...it still needs
- DOS to do most of the work.
-