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- From: wirzeniu@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Lars Wirzenius)
- Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
- Subject: Re: Optimal Partition Sizes
- Message-ID: <1992Dec14.160325.10314@klaava.Helsinki.FI>
- Date: 14 Dec 92 16:03:25 GMT
- References: <1992Dec14.082932.3774@nwnexus.WA.COM>
- Organization: University of Helsinki
- Lines: 86
-
- danubius@halcyon.com (Joseph R. Pannon) writes:
- >Given plenty of HD space, could somebody provide some guidelines about
- >the optimal partition sizes for root, usr and swap partitions?
-
- Here is something that I have outlined write for the sysadmin guide
- (and/or the installation instructions). It is VERY quick and dirty
- (first draft), and will probably be rewritten a few times before if is
- ready. Hopefully it is usable even now. Comments are welcome, of
- course.
-
- * Allocating swap space
-
- How much swap space do you need? Many people will tell you
- that you should allocate twice as much swap space as you have
- physical memory, but this is bogus. Here's how to do it:
-
- 1. Estimate your total memory needs. This is the largest
- amount of memory you'll probably need at a time, that is
- the sum of the memory requirements of all the programs you
- want to run at the same time. For instance, if you want
- to run X, you should allocate about 8 MB (???) for it, gcc
- wants several megabytes, etc. The kernel will use about a
- megabyte by itself, and the usual shells and other small
- utilities perhaps a few hundred kilobytes (say a meg
- together). There is no need to try to be exact, rough
- estimates are fine.
-
- 2. Add some security to the estimate in step 1. This is
- because estimates of program sizes will probably be wrong,
- because you'll probably forget some programs you want to
- run, and to make certain that you have some extra space
- just in case. A couple of megabytes should be fine. (It
- is better to allocate too much than too little swap space,
- but there's no need to overdo it and allocate the whole
- disk, since unused swap space is wasted space.) Also,
- since it is nicer to deal with even numbers, you can round
- the value up to the next full megabyte.
-
- 3. Based on the computations in steps 1 and 2, you know how
- much memory you'll be needing in total. So, in order to
- allocate swap space, you only need to subtract the size of
- your physical memory from the total memory need, and you
- know how much swap space you need.
-
- The next issue is to decide whether you want to use a separate
- swap partition, or a file in the file system. The swap
- partition is faster, but it is easier to change the size of a
- swap file (there's no need to repartition the whole hard disk,
- and possibly install everything from scratch). When you know
- how much swap space you need, you should go for a swap
- partition, but if you are uncertain, you can use a swap file
- first, use the system for a while so that you can get a feel
- for how much swap you need, and then make a swap partition
- when you're confident about its size.
-
- About the root and usr partitions, I have not yet thought much about,
- but I guess the general consensus is that root should be as small as
- you can comfortably get away with (basically, it should contain only
- the crucial things), and usr should be as big as possible, especially
- if you put the home directories there.
-
- However, for small disks several partitions easily makes life
- miserable. For instance, I used to have four partitions on my 109 MB
- hard disk: 32 MB for DOS, 10 MB for root (including 4 MB swap file),
- 16 MB for home, and 51 MB for usr. I usually had about 20-25 MB free
- space, which divided into four partitions is not a lot. Even worse,
- most of the free space was on the DOS partition and not terribly
- useful for Linux use. So even though I had a lot of free space, I
- couldn't really use it, since it was usually only about 3-4 MB per
- partition, and it is surprising how quickly one can fill that.
-
- Now I have three partitions: 20 MB for DOS, 10 MB for swap, and 79 MB
- for Linux. Yes, I have everything in one partition, and it is using
- the extended filesystem. I DO NOT RECOMMEND this for people who
- dislike living dangerously. The extended filesystem is still alpha,
- and only fools such as I risk all their data on it. The extfs is also
- not as fast as it could be. I decided that I can't live with 14
- character filenames anymore, nor with the cramped feeling of four
- partitions. I guess I can live with disappearing data and
- re-installing everything once a day. :-) (NO, the extfs isn't that
- bad; I've had exactly one problem with it during several weeks. And I
- try to do backups regularly.)
-
- --
- Lars.Wirzenius@helsinki.fi (finger wirzeniu@klaava.helsinki.fi)
- MS-DOS, you can't live with it, you can live without it.
-