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- From: penev@venezia (Penio Penev)
- Subject: any update on plans for {fortran,C} support of 128-bit floats?
- Followup-To: comp.sys.sgi.misc
- Sender: nobody@ctr.columbia.edu
- Organization: Rockefeller University
- Date: Sun, 20 Dec 1992 00:51:49 GMT
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-
- [ Article crossposted from comp.sys.sgi.misc,comp.sys.sgi.bugs,comp.sys.sgi ]
- [ Author was Penio Penev ]
- [ Posted on Sun, 20 Dec 1992 00:41:50 GMT ]
-
- Mark Bartelt (sysmark@helios.physics.utoronto.ca) wrote:
- : Nearly a year ago I groused a bit about the fact that neither C nor
- : fortran (under IRIX 4.0.x) support 128-bit floats, and that (worse!)
-
- I wonder who will do the calculations with 128 bit integers, even if
- the structure is supported in both languages. The R3000,4000,6000 do
- not have support to this, so on them one should do the high-precision
- entirely in software. The MIPS architecture has room for extending the
- data type of the math coprocessor, but I have not heard this step to
- have been taken in R4400.
-
- Implementing high-precision divide in software must be done without the
- multiply/divide machinery, because the instructions are unsuited to
- this. Contrary to the i386/486 line, MIPS RISC (at least the current
- implementations) do not have the simple (and very useful) divide
- instruction, which takes 64 bits, divides them by 32 and gives a 32
- bit result. Using it one could easily define Nx32/32=(N-1)x32 math,
- which is very handy.
-
- So this type of calculations should be done by the brute-force
- shift-subtract algorithm, which is unacceptably slow. (There are ways
- of getting 20-30% enhancement, but this doesn't live one with joy
- in his heart.)
-
- On the R3000 the largest precision of the mantissa one can get using
- the built-in formats is 52 bits. R4000 makes a step further, defining
- the binary fixed point format, but unfortunately, only for 32 bits. I
- have not heard (and will be interested to) about the R4400.
-
- What I'd love to see in a future implementation is fast integer
- multiply/divide of the sort 32*32=64, 64/32=32. This should allow one
- to device high precision operators effectively. Adding a possibility
- to shift an arbitrary number of bits the hi:lo register pair will
- allow a fast fixed point operations on single and high precision
- numbers. My favorite model for math instruction set is the Harris
- RTX2010 FORTH processor. Of course, the instructions for converting
- between fractions and float should be preserved.
-
- A final note on fractions. It is very frequently the case in
- scientific computing, that the data is expressed in given units. And
- an upper limit on the precision of data is known in advance. So
- actually the most common (in my opinion) case is using fixed point
- numbers, which for the lack of support are represented as float point
- ones. If this knowledge is exploited in writing the programs, and
- given a suitable instruction set, a lot of unnecessary operations may
- be avoided. This of course leads to superior performance.
-
- An example from the practice: Here, at Rockefeller University, labs
- buy SGI machines to run specific programs - protein
- modeling/visualisation, X ray data collection, structure
- solving/refinement. None of these programs really needs floating
- point, and all will benefit a lot if they used clever fixed point
- routines. I think, that the situation in quantum chemistry is the
- same, and am sure, that the situation in stat physics ans Monte Carlo
- simulations is the same. If SGI is aiming at the scientific market, I
- think, that they can gain much from better performing number crunchers
- in their boxes.
-
- The above stated opinion is mine, and I'll be interested in hearing
- others'.
-
- -- Penio.
-