home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Newsgroups: comp.dsp
- Path: sparky!uunet!spool.mu.edu!agate!linus!linus.mitre.org!m22257@mitre.org
- From: m22257@mitre.org (Jeff Correia)
- Subject: Re: Active Noise Cancellation Algorithm
- Message-ID: <1992Dec15.160603.17752@linus.mitre.org>
- Sender: news@linus.mitre.org (News Service)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: jeff-correia.mitre.org
- Organization: The MITRE Corporation
- References: <Bz3vHr.LKK@news.cso.uiuc.edu>
- Date: Tue, 15 Dec 1992 16:06:03 GMT
- Lines: 80
-
- In article <Bz3vHr.LKK@news.cso.uiuc.edu>, ja51359@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu
- (axelrod) writes:
- >
- >
- > Hi. I know this is possible because I've heard the military does it for
- > helicopter headsets; and I heard that the car companies will be doing it
- > too. Does someone know of how the basics work behind active noise can-
- > cellation?
- >
- > What I'm interested in is a system where you have a speaker or two
- > somehow produce a signal that is directly out of phase with the ambient
- > noise. This seems impossible, since a speaker radiates in all directions,
- > thereby having a different phase at different points in the room. Is
- > there some way of getting an average phase or something, in order to
- > decrease the noise in the room/car?
- >
- > I'd like references to articles on this subject, along with a simple
- > explanation if possible.
- >
- > Thanks
- >
- >
-
- The type of cancellation you are referring to is one that I have heard
- most commonly called reference cancelling. The idea is pretty much as you
- have described it. You have one primary channel, and 1 or more reference
- channels. The primary channel contains your desired signal corrupted by
- unwanted noise, the reference channels contain noise which is (hopefully)
- highly correlated with the unwanted noise in your primary channel, but
- contain no trace of your desired signal.
-
- A classic paper on this topic is by Bernie Widrow. While trying to
- examine the heartbeat of a fetus, the heartbeat of the mother is a strong
- interfering signal. Using a primary channel of mother+fetus and being able
- to locate a position to get a "clean" but maybe slightly out of phase
- refernce of the mother's heartbeat only, they were able to obtain the
- desired results. I'm sorry I don't have the exact reference.
-
- I have also read the paper where they discuss reference cancelling on
- military hellicopters. I would recommend you look in the reference section
- of _Adaptive Signal Processing_ by Bernie Widrow and _Adaptive Filter
- Theory_ by Simon Haykin for all the references you will ever need on this
- topic. Since these concepts are about 30 or so years old, you can find
- concise explanations and examples in the textbooks.
-
- I also wrote my master's thesis on use of this technology applied to
- car telephones. The problems in a car a similar to those in a helicopter,
- but not exactly the same. A large problem is spatial correlation of
- signals. In other words, what do the cross-correlations of certain
- composite signals look like.
- The conclusion I reached in my thesis was the same as in the helicopter
- paper... that the further the reference channels were from the primary
- channel, the less correlated that the noises on the 2 channels were.
-
- To understand this (get ready for an over-simplified explanation),
- realize that the speed of sound is slow, on the order of 1000 feet per
- second. The bandwidth of the phone channel is about 4KHz which means you
- sample at 8KHz. A large majority of the noise that you get is from the
- engine and the tires. If a noise originates at a tire, and has to get 10
- feet to get to the primary channel and 14 feet to get to the reference
- channel. A differnce of 4 feet, and 32 samples. In other words, a sound
- originating at a tire will appear at the reference microphone 32 samples
- after it appears on the primary. In this same scenario, it is possible
- that the reference channel is closer by 4 feet to another tire, meaning
- that a sound originating in the second tire will appear 32 samples earlier.
- Perhaps you can begin to see from this oversimplified explanation why
- putting the 2 mics close offers a reasonable solution to this problem,
- however, the reference channel is not allowed to pick up any of the desired
- signal or you'll cancel that too.
-
- In a hellicopter, the pilot will wear a specail head set, and the
- noise is so great that a directional mic can be placed near the mouthpiece
- mic without picking up any voice. People don't really want to wear those,
- not to mention headphones are illegal in some states while driving. The
- point is that the methods that work in hellicopters for human engineering
- reasons would not be reasonable to implement in cars.
-
- Sorry if I rambled a bit much.
-
- --Jeff
-