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- Path: sparky!uunet!mcsun!sunic!dkuug!diku!torbenm
- From: torbenm@diku.dk (Torben AEgidius Mogensen)
- Newsgroups: comp.arch
- Subject: Re: uniprocessor design ceiling
- Message-ID: <1992Dec14.111417.309@odin.diku.dk>
- Date: 14 Dec 92 11:14:17 GMT
- References: <1gbpjrINNsq6@girtab.usc.edu>
- Sender: torbenm@thor.diku.dk
- Organization: Department of Computer Science, U of Copenhagen
- Lines: 54
-
- plaw@usc.edu (Patrick Law) writes:
-
- >Correct me if I am wrong. For the last 20 years, we have 4-bit
- >microprocessor, CISC, cache, RISC, superscalar, superpipeline,
- >etc. Have we reached a point of diminishing return in uniprocessor
- >design? Could we still get a speedup of "X" every "N" years like
- >before? The above evolutions are just experiences we learnt in
- >building big machines like the IBM 390. I think it is a time for
- >MIMD and a change of serial programming style.
-
- That has been the opinion of many people for many years. Why then, has
- it not happened? My guess is that there are two reasons:
-
- 1) Micro-parallelism (superscalarity etc.) in uniprocessors has kept
- them going faster at a steady rate for many years.
-
- 2) Implementing "traditional" programming styles on MIMD architectures
- has met with little success. Languages that support parallel
- programming style has not gained widespread acceptance for
- "mainstream" programming.
-
- The real questions are then
-
- ad. 1) How long can we expect this to continue.
-
- ad. 2) Can we expect any change is this area.
-
- My guess is that uniprocessors will continue to increase their speed
- at approximately the present rate by use of new fabrication
- technologies and extended micro-parallelism. The relative cost will
- however rise faster than the speed. We have already passed the point
- where multiprocessors based on cheap processors offer more raw
- performance per $ than fast uniprocessors. The programming problems of
- the multiprocessors has kept these from gaining popularity.
-
- This brings us directly to the other question. I fear that we will
- never get acceptable compilers for low-level languages (like C) for
- MIMD machines. So, as long as people insist on using these languages,
- they (and as a consequence, we) are stuck with uniprocessors. People
- need a very good incentive for changing to a completely different
- programming language and style, and the only good incentive for the
- people who matter (the industry) is money. So until someone produces a
- parallel machine that runs the programs people want at twice the speed
- and half the cost of competing uniprocessor designs, there is not
- likely to be any change.
-
- Specialist areas will in all likelihood use more parallel machines,
- but these tend to be very expensive systems, either because they
- combine a huge number of processors (like CM2) or because they are
- based on (relatively few) expensive high-end uniprocessors (like CM5).
- These systems are not likely to compete against workstations and
- high-end PCs.
-
- Torben Mogensen (torbenm@diku.dk)
-