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- Date: Sun, 13 Dec 1992 07:53:34 -0700
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- From: "William T. Powers" <POWERS_W%FLC@VAXF.COLORADO.EDU>
- Subject: Neural integrators; protecting muscles
- Lines: 44
-
- [From Bill Powers (921213.0730)]
-
- Avery Andrews (921213.11700) --
-
- Yes, there are actual neural integrators. Given the sudden
- appearance of an input signal of constant frequency, some neurons
- will produce an output frequency that slowly rises, eventually
- reaching an asymptote (a leaky integrator). When the input signal
- is removed, the output frequency will slowly decline. I believe
- these are well-known, but I'll leave it to others to supply exact
- references. I don't have one.
-
- As to your question yesterday: one could say that the combined
- tendon and stretch reflexes are designed to prevent excessive
- efforts from developing when obstacles are encountered, except
- that this would be a result of their operation, not a cause.
- Evolution designed them, so presumably the design does tend to
- prevent injury to the organism.
-
- There is, however, nothing that monitors for "excessive force"
- and prevents it from happening. It is perfectly possible for
- driving signals to the muscles to become so large that muscles
- are pulled from their attachments or bones are broken. Did you
- happen to see that grisly episode of some sports program on TV
- where, during an arm-wrestling match, a contestant's forearm
- snapped? Bob Beamon, when he broke the world record for the long
- jump at the Mexico City Olympics, pulled a muscle so severely
- that he was out of action for a long time -- more than a year, I
- think. Sports figures are always injuring their muscles simply by
- using them too hard.
-
- I don't think that looking for some possible advantage of a
- behavioral organization goes a long way toward explaining it.
- Such advantages are guesses anyway, and they're side-effects of
- what really makes the system work. We could say that organisms
- have control systems because control systems can survive better
- than any other kind, but that doesn't explain what makes control
- systems behave the way they do. Rather, it's the way control
- systems behave that explains why organisms organized that way
- have survived.
- -------------------------------------------------------------
- Best
-
- Bill P.
-