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- From: rickert@mp.cs.niu.edu (Neil Rickert)
- Subject: Re: FREE WILL 2: Neither a Determinist nor an Indeterminist be.
- Message-ID: <1992Nov22.054541.11343@mp.cs.niu.edu>
- Organization: Northern Illinois University
- References: <spurrett.44.721940415@superbowl.und.ac.za> <1992Nov17.230828.17309@mp.cs.niu.edu> <spurrett.54.722362969@superbowl.und.ac.za>
- Date: Sun, 22 Nov 1992 05:45:41 GMT
- Lines: 139
-
- [rh] = Randall Holmes; [ds] = David Spurrett; [nr] = Neil Rickert.
-
- [rh] I agree with Spurrett that "free will" involves the notion that one
- [rh] chooses an action and could have chosen otherwise. But this is not
- [rh] incompatible with determinism if one chooses the sense of possibility
- [rh] correctly. The sense in which the agent could have acted otherwise is
- [rh] that _so far as he knows_ he could have acted otherwise. This makes
- [rh] sense in a deterministic universe because of incomplete information.
- [rh] [.....]
-
- [ds]I disagree fundamentally. Certainly there are many senses of possibility, but
- [ds]the sense relevant to `free will' is not what is sometimes called `epistemic'
- [ds]possibility, as suggested by Holmes.
-
- [nr]But surely Randall's "free will" is all that you can ask for. After
- [nr]all you cannot know that which you cannot know. There is no way of
- [nr]determining if there is any other type of free will.
-
- [ds]Surely? WHY? I see no point in responding to dollops of positivist
- [ds]cant which are not dignified with even token arguments.
-
- It seemed pointless to argue the obvious. But apparently I am mistaken
- in assuming you would see this as obvious.
-
- Let's assume Randall's condition - that as far as one knows, one has
- free will. Now here are two possible scenarios:
-
- A. Your free will is real.
-
- B. Reality is deterministic, and all future events are determined
- by the current state of the universe. Among these determined
- events are that you will believe that you have a free choice
- in all your decisions, and you will always believe that you
- could have chosen otherwise.
-
- Now how can you distinguish between these scenarios? In both cases you
- will have the "knowledge" that you chose, and that you could have chosen
- otherwise. What empirical tests will you use to distinguish between
- them? Keep in mind that under scenario B, the tests are in effect
- already determined, and the results are already determined to be such
- as to convince you that you have free will.
-
- [ds] I am attempt-
- [ds]ing to initiate a conceptual investigation into the tenability of a
- [ds]non-deterministic account of causation. This follows from an analysis
- [ds]of the doctrine of `free will' and determinism, and takes place in the
- [ds]light of an explicitly realist position which says, in essence, that I
- [ds]think the question about `free will' to be as much scientific as
- [ds]philosophical.
-
- And I am trying to point out that there is no scientific test that
- can settle the question.
-
- [ds] Crystal-hugging attempts to `plug' free will into
- [ds]violations of the laws of physics, or inept interpretations of QM are
- [ds]all rejected at the outset. All of this is conducted through _arguments_.
-
- I'm not interested in basing free will on violations of physics or on
- quantum phenomena. I agree with you that such approaches are suspect,
- and I agree with Randall that such approaches are unnecessary.
-
- [ds]Which is the bit which bothers you? And `surely' in a philosophy
- [ds]group it would be good form to say _why_?
-
- I am merely puzzled that what seems so obvious to me appears to not have
- even occurred to you.
-
- [ds]This is, perhaps, well illustrated by
- [ds]looking at the way we deal with attributions of responsibility. If I believe
- [ds]of a person who stole my watch that that person _thought_ s/he could have
- [ds]chosen not to take the watch, but was in fact mistaken then I cannot con-
- [ds]sistently hold him/her responsible.
-
- [nr]This argument is surely irrelevant. Randall was not talking about belief
- [nr]but about knowledge. In other words, the situation is that as far as
- [nr]the thief knew, he had the free will not to steal your watch, and as
- [nr]far as you know he had that same free will.
-
- [ds]How can the thief have free will `as far as I know' when part of my
- [ds]`knowledge' is determinism?
-
- If you wish to assume a universe in which the thief does not have
- free will, but you do have the free will to decided whether to blame
- him or not, then that is a bizarre assumption. I pity you for it,
- for surely all the thieves will soon discover that you are a great
- target since you will not press charges against them.
-
- [ds] When two items in our knowledge have dif-
- [ds]ferent implications about the `same' thing, then we cannot cheerfully
- [ds]continue to believe both _if_ we are concerned with truth.
-
- You are assuming that there is such a thing as a "truth" about the
- question. But the existence of such a "truth" is by no means certain.
-
- [ds] I remember
- [ds]you claiming (in your posting <1992Nov5.183959.29975@mp.cs.niu.edu> in
- [ds]the `FREE WILL 1' thread) that the only reason for holding to a prin-
- [ds]ciple of non-contradiction was `religous belief.' I followed up in
- [ds]detail, and asked a number of questions on this point none of which
- [ds]you seem to have replied to.
-
- I took your questions as rhetorical posturing rather than as substantive
- questions. I apologise for my misinterpretation. As I explained above,
- there is no scientific test that can settle the question you are raising
- about free will. It seems to me that this makes it a question of religion
- rather than one of science.
-
- [ds]If I have a car, but do not understand the engine, then (even though I
- [ds]believe in determinism) in terms of the view you defend above, I would
- [ds]have to regard my car as _free_ to breakdown, and would be justified
- [ds]in holding it responsible for my getting to a meeting late. Ho Hum.
-
- I certainly was not suggesting this. There is much evidence to suggest
- that cars do not have free will. Your car is not at all like you. But
- the thief is physically very much like you, and presumably built on the
- same organizational principles. It therefore makes little sense for
- you to assume that you have free will but the thief does not. There is
- no such conflict in assuming that your car does not have free will.
-
- [nr]Thus, based on everything
- [nr]you know, you should hold him responsible. But if in some interpretation
- [nr]of how the universe works it happens that the thief was not free, then
- [nr]in that same interpretation you yourself are not free to decide not to
- [nr]hold him responsible either. To put it in other terms, your ability to
- [nr]choose whether to hold him responsible is itself the evidence you need
- [nr]to conclude that he was responsible.
-
- [ds](ii) Your last sentence surely involves conflict with the rest of your
- [ds]posting. You talk about what my `ability to choose' proves, which makes
- [ds]sense to me as a statement on its own, but when looked at in the light of
- [ds]the rest of your posting seems to contradict your claim that we cannot in
- [ds]fact choose, but that incomplete knowledge lets us think we can.
-
- Perhaps you are confusing me with someone else. I never said that "we
- cannot in fact choose, but that incomplete knowledge lets us think we
- can." All I said is that believing we can choose is sufficient for free
- will. I make no assertion either way on whether we can in fact choose,
- for I consider it to be a meaningless question.
-
-