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- From: spurrett@superbowl.und.ac.za (David Spurrett)
- Newsgroups: talk.philosophy.misc,sci.philosophy.tech
- Subject: Re: FREE WILL 2: Neither a Determinist nor an Indeterminist be.
- Message-ID: <spurrett.45.721940584@superbowl.und.ac.za>
- Date: 16 Nov 92 19:03:05 GMT
- Article-I.D.: superbow.spurrett.45.721940584
- References: <spurrett.37.721583229@superbowl.und.ac.za> <28178@castle.ed.ac.uk>
- Organization: University Of Natal (Durban)
- Lines: 69
- NNTP-Posting-Host: pc11.superbowl.und.ac.za
-
- In article <28178@castle.ed.ac.uk> cam@castle.ed.ac.uk (Chris Malcolm) writes:
- >In article <spurrett.37.721583229@superbowl.und.ac.za>
- >spurrett@superbowl.und.ac.za (David Spurrett) writes:
- >
- >> It is clear the `possibility for being otherwise' condition is in-
- >>compatible with determinism.
- >
- >This is not clear to me, since the status of "could have been
- >otherwise" is not clear. We usually use this linguistic form as a way
- >of discussing causal chains, e.g., "if the rock hadn't fallen on it
- >the beetle would have been alive". That is a perfectly reasonable
- >observation to make in a determinisitc universe, regardless of whether
- >the rock fell because it was loosened by rain, or because I pushed it.
-
- You are talking about counterfactual conditionals, not possibilities.
- When we ascribe responsibility to a person we mean `s/he could have
- not done what s/he did in fact do'. When we get evaluative we might
- say `It would have been better _if_ s/he had refrained', just as when
- considering consequences we might say `_If_ s/he had not done that
- act, then some or other thing which is not the case now might/would be
- the case.' In these cases our counterfactual discussion seems mighty
- dumb if we think that the antecedents are unchangeable, which is where
- `real' possibility plays a role, and where there _is_ conflict with
- determinism.
-
- >>It is equally clear that the condition that we
- >>be the authors of our own actions, that our actions follow from our
- >>desires, and choices, is incompatible with indeterminism
- >
- >This is equally unclear to me, unless by "indeterminism" you mean such
- >a radically indeterminate universe that cause and effect nevr hold and
- >everything happens randomly. All we need for voluntarism is that
- >sufficient causes usually produce the expected effects.
-
- I do not mean `indeterminism in general', but rather indeterminism
- _with_respect_to_our_actions_. Insofar as any part of the process
- resulting in our actions is indeterministic, we clearly cannot be held
- responsible for it.
-
- >> Here is one other option: Immanent causation. (The term is medieval,
- >> and the opposite term is `transeunt' causation.) An event is immanently
- >> caused where it is caused by a thing, rather than another event. This
- >> means that the event is caused, but could not have been predicted. The
- >> `thing' which does the causing we could call the `agent' and the causing
- >> could be a way of its exercising its power.
- >
- >But this is simply the usual way of expressing naive voluntarism,
- >i.e., passing the causative buck back up the causal chain has to stop
- >when you get to an agent, because that's what being a (free) agent by
- >definition is -- an originator of causes.
-
- `Naive voluntarism!' Shucks, guys, I thought I was being clearer than
- _that_. Firstly what on earth do you mean by `passing the causative
- buck'? Secondly agency is _not_ defined as being the origination of
- causes, but as being the causing of acts. (That is what the definition
- I used in my original posting said anyway.) To be an agent is to
- cause effects, not to cause causes. Also: I am not passing a causal
- buck anywhere, I am stating, without any intermediate steps, exactly
- where I think it is necessary to locate the causes of events which are
- to be called acts, and examining the relationship between these acts
- and determinism/indeterminism.
-
- > Chris Malcolm
-
- o------------------------------------------o------------------------------o
- | David Spurrett, Department of Philosophy | `I have seen the truth, and |
- | University of Natal, Durban | it makes no sense.' |
- | email: spurrett@superbowl.und.ac.za | - OFFICIAL! |
- o------------------------------------------o------------------------------o
-