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- Xref: sparky soc.culture.turkish:11681 talk.politics.mideast:22224 talk.politics.soviet:8965 soc.culture.greek:10637 soc.culture.europe:9600 soc.history:9490
- Path: sparky!uunet!anatolia.mn.org!zuma!sera
- From: sera@zuma.UUCP (Serdar Argic)
- Newsgroups: soc.culture.turkish,talk.politics.mideast,talk.politics.soviet,soc.culture.greek,soc.culture.europe,soc.history
- Followup-To: soc.culture.turkish
- Subject: Re: The slaughter of Jews and Muslims by "pol*"s grandfathers.
- Message-ID: <9211171955@zuma.UUCP>
- Date: Tue, 17 Nov 92 19:55:27 EST
- Reply-To: sera@zuma.UUCP (Serdar Argic)
- References: <Bxur4v.HGA@hermes.hrz.uni-bielefeld.de>
- Distribution: world
- Lines: 128
-
- In article <Bxur4v.HGA@hermes.hrz.uni-bielefeld.de> iptsiant@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de (Panagiotis Tsiantopoulos) writes:
-
- |> It isn't important. What really counts is how your grandfathers massacre
- |> the Muslims and Jews.
-
- >If it is that what you want to tell us... try to think what your grandfathers
- >(and maybe even some in your fathers age) did to all the Greeks.
-
- That's the whole point that you invariably miss.
-
- <<While the Greek and Armenian community leaders in Istanbul and Paris
- pressured the Allies to drive the Turks out of Istanbul and much of
- Anatolia, the Empire's Jewish leaders, remembering very well the
- persecution their people had suffered as Ottoman territories had come
- under the rule of independent Christian states, not only refused to
- join their delegations but actively pressured the Allies to allow the
- Turks to remain in areas where they consisted a majority of the
- population, thus incurring further the wrath of the Christian leaders.
-
- In Thrace and Southwestern Anatolia also the invading Greek army, which
- was attempting to provide the Paris Peace Conference with a fait accompli
- in the territories it wished to retain, armed the Christian minorities
- and encouraged them to attack Muslims, with the Jews suffering as well
- because of their support for the Turks during the war [89], and with
- the once-flourishing Jewish community of Salonica in particular being
- permanently displaced by Greek refugees from Anatolia settled there after
- the Greek army evacuated Anatolia.
-
- The Greek army that occupied much of Southwestern Anatolia starting
- in May 1919 slaughtered thousands of Jews and Muslims in the course
- of its attack, not only during its initial landings at Izmir, but also
- in the interior during the subsequent two years, and particularly
- during its final retreat to Izmir, when it ravaged and burned Bursa
- and other towns and villages along the way. Albert Nabon, Principal
- of the AIU [Alliance Israelite Universelle] Boy's School in Izmir,
- reported to the Alliance on 6 July 1919:
-
- 'The city was put on fire and sacked, the people dispoiled
- of all they possessed. There is no food, putting the entire
- population on general, and our co-religionists in particular,
- in danger of suffering greatly from these privations'
-
- going on to describe how most Jews, not only from Izmir but also from
- Greek attacks at Aydin, Bergama and Manisa, took refuge in his school,
- where they were suffering from overcrowding, lack of food, and
- medicine. [90]
-
- The Jews of Tire, led by Rabbi Ismail ha-Cohen, established close ties
- with the local Turkish resistance as well as with the Turkish national
- forces operating against the Greeks in the vicinity despite considerable
- pressure from local Greek commanders [91]. In Odemis, Rabbi Isaac Franco
- refused the demands of the Greek military authorities for him to greet
- their army as it occupied the city [92]. In Aydin, Jews hid Turks in their
- homes as the Greeks ransacked the city following its occupation, and
- refused to join local Greeks and Armenians in welcoming the occupying
- Greek army and flying Greek flags from their buildings [93]. As a result,
- the long-standing Greek religious prejudice against Jews as well as Muslims
- was manifested in numerous incidents that took place until ..the Turkish
- national army finally recaptured Southwestern Anatolia in 1922 [94].
- Jewish notables, like the Muslims, were beaten and executed, many
- Jewish homes and shops were ravaged and burned, and hundreds of Jews
- were deported to almost certain death in the countryside. As the Greek
- army retreated in panic late in the war, moreover, it burned the Jewish
- and Muslim quarters of Izmit, Manisa and Bergama, destroying synagogues,
- yeshivas and hospitals as well as homes and businesses while killing
- hundreds and forcing the remainder of the non-Christian population to
- flee in panic,..[95]. Though many Jews returned to Izmir following the
- restoration of Turkish rule and its inclusion in the Turkish Republic,
- the Jewish population of Izmir following the war reached no more than
- half its former size.>>
-
- [89] Edgar Morin, Vidal et les siens (Paris, Seuil, 1989), 67-93.
- A dossier of reports on Greek atrocities against people and officials
- in the Izmir area is in BA [Basbakanlik Arsivi=Prime Minister's
- Archives], Adliye Tezkere 246/2740, 18 September 1920; see also
- Ottoman Council of Ministers Minutes/MVM vol.213 no.457, 24 November
- 1334/1918; vol. 215, no. 249, 28 May 1335/1919; vol.216 no.263, 1 June
- 1335/1919, describing Greek soldiers driving the settled population
- out of Bergama and Izmir; vol.216, no.269, 1 June 1335/1919, describing
- the displacement of Jews and Muslims at the Dardanalles/Canakkale by
- Greek settlers from the Aegean islands; vol. 216, no.288, 9 June 1919,
- regarding Ayvalik; vol.216 no.380, 21 June 1919, describing Greek and
- Allied attacks on the local populations in Thrace and at Izmir,
- Diyarbekir and Bayezid; vol.216 no.323, 26 June 1919; vol. 216 no.337,
- 15 July 1919; vol. 216 no.339, 15 July 1919; and particularly vol.216
- no.343, 16 July 1919, regarding Greek atrocities in Aydin province;
- vol.217 no.573, 29 November 1919, and vol.221 no.127, 30 April 1921,
- and no.239, 4 August 1921, on Greek atrocities in Thrace; vol.218 no.9,
- 11 January 1920 on resettlement of Greeks from America in Anatolia;
- also BEO, 343329; Greek atrocities in Southwestern Anatolia and Thrace
- were condemned by an international investigation commission headed by
- American High Commissioner in Istanbul, Admiral Mark Bristol, leading
- the Allies to abondon further support for the Greek invasion. See
- Ottoman Council of Ministers Minutes, vol.217 no.481, 16 October 1919.
- Also Hayyim Cohen, Jews of the Middle East, 18.
-
- [90] Similar reports came from Nabon to the AIU on 2 July 1919 (no.23/915),
- 9 July 1919 (no.26/927), 12 July 1919 (no.27/932) and 14 July 1919
- (no. 28/933). In Nabon's report of 17 July 1919 (no.30/935), he stated
- that the Greeks at Aydin had burned 200 Jewish houses and 13 shops,
- had dispoiled all the local Jews of their money and property, and had
- strangled two Jews as well as driving the remainder to seek refuge
- in the local AIU school: 'At Aydin, Manisa, Tire and everywhere else,
- our Jews live in an atmosphere of suspician by the Greek inhabitants'
- who suspect that they favor the Turks. On 23 July 1920 Nabon reported
- that all the Jews had left Izmir, the synagogue had not been burned, but
- the Greeks had taken all its valuables as well as the property of local
- Jews, and the streets were full of bodies.
-
- [91] Guleryuz, ibid.; Galante, Turcs et Juifs (1932), 54.
- [92] Galante, Anatolie (1939) II, 41.
- [93] Guleryuz, ibid.; Galante, Anatolie II, 101-2.
- [94] See Guleryuz, 'Kurtulus Savasinda Egede ve Bursada Yahudiler', Salom,
- 30 October 1985; Galante, Turcs et Juifs, in Histoire des Juifs de
- de Turquie, 26-28, and El Tiempo, 22 October 1922.
-
- [95] Univers Israelite, 2 September 1921, p.467-48, quoted in Guleryuz;
- see also Galante, Anatolie II (1939), 70-100; and 'Manissa', EJ XI,
- 878-79.
-
- Serdar Argic
-
- 'This war quickly developed into one of extermination.
- We closed the roads and mountain passes that might
- serve as ways of escape for the Tartars [Turks] and
- then proceeded in the work of extermination.'
- (Ohanus Appressian)
-
-