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- Path: sparky!uunet!usc!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!pacific.mps.ohio-state.edu!linac!att!cbnews!ask
- From: ask@cbnews.cb.att.com (Arthur S. Kamlet)
- Subject: Re: Halacha when the decisive facts were wrong (was Re:
- Organization: AT&T Bell Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio
- Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1992 20:18:54 GMT
- Message-ID: <1992Nov20.201854.12643@cbnews.cb.att.com>
- References: <20Nov92.040520.8071@granite.ciw.edu> <LERNER.92Nov20130330@tune.cs.columbia.edu> <20Nov92.183633.13931@granite.ciw.edu>
- Lines: 98
-
- In article <20Nov92.183633.13931@granite.ciw.edu> cohen@quartz.ciw.edu (Ronald Cohen) writes:
- >In article <LERNER.92Nov20130330@tune.cs.columbia.edu> lerner@cs.columbia.edu (Michah Lerner) writes:
- >>In article <20Nov92.040520.8071@granite.ciw.edu> cohen@quartz.ciw.edu (Ronald Cohen) writes:
- >>
- >Your argument implies that it would be forbidden to use water,
- >air, or even move on shabbat since such actions when taken to
- >extremes or applied to certain materials could start a fire.
- >
- >When I turn on a light it does not start a fire (I would hope! :-) ).
-
- It is not reasonable to expect that turning on a light or a radio
- will start a fire. It is more likely that when you walk to shul on
- Shabbat that you will step on a twig and break it, yet we do not
- prohibit walking.
-
- >You may have a minhag of not using electricity on shabbat, and I
- >have no argument about that and would respect it. I however do
- >not believe that it was valid halacha to forbid electricity since
- >the issue is crystal clear. And allowing electricity does not
- >allow starting fires with it, cooking with it, etc., which are
- >separately forbidden.
-
- Perhaps I should repost an article summarizing the primary teshuvah
- issued by the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards concerning the
- nature of electricity:
- ------------------------------- repost ------
- From cbnews!ask Thu Jul 4 01:43 EDT 1991
- The principal teshuvah was written by Rabbi Arthur. W. Neulander,
- and is available in full from the Committee on Jewish Law and
- Standards of the Rabbinical Assembly, at the Jewish Theological
- Seminary in New York.
-
- A good version of this is published in "Tradition and Change - The
- Development of Conservative Judaism" Edited by Rabbi Mordechai
- Waxman, 1958, Burning Bush Press, New York [ No ISBN # listed:
- Library of Congress Catalog No. 54-8409 ]
-
- This is quite a few pages, and I'll just list several points he
- made:
-
- - Electricity is not fire because:
-
- - Fire is soref -- the substance is consumed by fire (Shab. 42a;
- also Rashi on Shab I 34a; Magen Avraham: kibuy - extinguishing
- does not apply to anything not soref). Conclusion: Something
- not soref is not esh - fire.
-
- - Fire must produce a flame -- (Pesachim 75a -- if a man cuts up
- a paschal lamb and placed it on a glowing coal. R. Judah regards
- it as as though it had roasted it. A glowing coal in this
- context is regarded as a wooden coal. A metal coal, though
- glowing, is not considered fire. ) - Any glowing thing which
- does not produce a flame when burning is not considered fire.
- --- Former chief Israeli Army Chaplain Rabbi S. Goronchick
- [ who later Hebrewized his name to Goren and became Chief
- Ashkenazic Rabbi of Israel ] in "Sinai" Vol. 12 #3.
-
- He cites a Teshuvah by Rabbi Simcha Levy issued through the
- [ orthodox ] Rabbinical Council of America that the use of
- electricity on Shabbat and Yom Tov is permitted in the Synaagogue
- for a microphone if the electricity had been turned on before. In
- the same teshuvah, the use of electricity for an elevator on Shabbat
- is not considered fire even though sparks are produced by the motor.
- (This opinion is given in the name of Rabbi Eliyahu Henkin.) He
- cites a few other opinions which back up the tendency to permit
- electricity on Shabbat when not used for work prohibited on Shabbat.
-
- - electricity does not require producing something new, which would
- be forbidden. (Argument but no specific references - So he would
- permit electricity use for using a telephone, an electric light, a
- refrigerator, but would prohibit electricity for a washing
- machine or a razor. These prohibitions are due to the work, not
- the use of electricity.)
- ____________
- "Ramaz: I shall not conceal that I doubt whether lighting electricity
- can be considered work which is Biblically prohibited since there
- was no similar type of burning in the tabernacle... For it is not
- fire and does not consume the filament. It is only like fire."
- ____________
-
- Citing history, he compares resistance of authorities to use of
- electricity to the same resistance, long since overcome and now
- considered OK, of:
-
- - The change of the ancient Semitic script to the k'tav Ashuri -
- the square Assyrian script - this change took centuries but was
- accepted.
-
- - The changeover from use of oil for Shabbat lights to use of wax
- candles for Shabbat lights were originally opposed later very
- grudgingly permitted, now accepted.
-
- (After all the book is Tradition and Change -- which is
- something Judaism has been wrestling with and accomplishing
- for thousands of years.)
-
- --
- Art Kamlet a_s_kamlet@att.com AT&T Bell Laboratories, Columbus
-