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- From: cco.caltech.edu!vidya (Vidyasankar Sundaresan)
- Newsgroups: soc.culture.indian,soc.culture.tamil
- Subject: Re: Saivism. Vaishnavism and Casteism
- Date: 21 Nov 1992 01:58:37 GMT
- Organization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
- Lines: 108
- Message-ID: <1ek54dINNkqt@gap.caltech.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: pooh.caltech.edu
- Originator: vidya@pooh
-
- In article <BxxGzC.I9t@watserv1.uwaterloo.ca>
- selvakum@watserv1.uwaterloo.ca (C.R.Selvakumar - Electrical Engineering)
- writes:
- - I am posting the following as requested by Dr. Srinivasan
- -
- - -------------------------------------------------------------
- - Subject: Saivism Vaishnavism and Casteism
- -
- - A FEW WORDS ABOUT SAIVISM, VAISHNAVISM, CASTEISM etc.
- -
- - There is a tendency to associate casteism and the introduction of
- - Vaishnavism in the South. It is possible that Vaishnavism was
- - introduced in the south just like Christianity was. It is also well
- - known that history is full of personal opinions, and biases.
- - There is no point in arguing about what was the 'truth'.
-
-
- It is not very possible that Vaishnavism was introduced to the South. On
- the other hand, the South is the birthland of Vaishnavism. It is thought
- by most researchers in Hinduism (Re - A Survey of Hinduism -Klaus K.
- Klostermaier, Univ. of Manitoba) that Vishnu is originally the ancient God
- of the Tamils Mal. Tamils still use the words 'Tirumal' and 'Perumal'
- solely with regard to Vishnu. The Azhvars and their spiritual successor
- Ramanuja were the people who crystallized Vaishnavism as known today. All
- Vaishnavite saints of the north, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Vallabhacharya etc.
- acknowledge Ramanuja in their guru parampara.
-
- -
- - However, the fact is TODAY, the works of non-Brahmin Dravida Saints like
- - Nammaazhvaar are held in very high esteem by the Vaishnava Brahmins.
- - The works of even Brahmin Saiva Saints like Gnanasambandhar get nowhere
- - near that importance by even the Saiva Brahmins.
- -
- - It is common belief that Sri Ramanuja was chased out of Tamil region
- - due to his spreading Vaishnavism in Saiva country. Considering that
- - all the Vaishnava Temples remained quite prosperous, it is easy to see
- - that this is false. Vaishnavism has always been very well accepted,
- - along with all other faiths, in the Tamil region. The Tamil region is
- - indeed well known for its religious tolerance, even today.
- - (It has the least religious riots even today).
-
- It is not just common belief, but history records that Ramanuja was chased
- out by the then Chola king as the king was a Saivite. He went to Hoysala
- land and converted Ballala to Vaishnavism. (Re - A History of South India
- by K.A. Neelakanta Sastry, who is very thorough in his researches).
- Vaishnave Temples are prosperous because people always patronised all
- temples irrespective of their own personal predelictions. However it is
- glossing over the truth to say that the Tamil country has always been very
- tolerant. Stories of numerous Jains and Buddhists being put to death by
- kings after converting to Saivism or Vaishnavism are not that easily
- discounted as myth.
-
-
- -
- - In my opinion, he was chased out, for his progessive ideas about castes,
- - questioning the authority of the Vedic Brahmin control of Hindu
- religion.
- -
-
- If you read about temple ritual, you will see that Vedic Brahmins have
- very little to do with them. Temples are always controlled by Brahmins of
- a special category, those who claim the Agamas to be superior to the
- Vedas. Read the studies of the Madurai Minakshi Temple by C.J. Fuller and
- the Triplicane Parthasarathy Temple by Arjun Appadurai. What Ramanuja did
- was to accept non-Brahmins as his disciples. Since he was a priest of the
- Varadarajaswami Temple at Kanchipuram and later at the Srirangam temple,
- this must have upset not only the Vedic Brahmins but also the Agamic
- Brahmins who believed they had sole right over temple ritual.
-
-
- - Finally, IMHO, Vaishnavism and Christianity have contributed positively
- - towards reducing the effects of pure Saivite Hindu philosophy, which
- might
- - have lead to fatalistic passive submission and neglect of material
- progress,
- - without which we would not be where we are today, in the material plane.
-
-
- Pure Saivite philosophy i.e. that of the Saiva Siddhanta is also closely
- akin to Ramanuja's Vishistadvaita. Substitute Siva for Vishnu and you have
- most essentials of pure Saivite philosophy. Note that Sankaracharya's
- Advaita is not Saivite - not that it leads to passive fatalistic
- submission. It is the karma theory which leads to fatalistic passive
- submission - you always have another life to enjoy / your sufferings are a
- consequence of your sins in your previous birth, etc. Again please note
- that this concept of karma is something that predates any of these
- philosophical systems and all these systems accept it. The philosophical
- systems are not responsible for fatalistic .......... This is at least as
- old as the Vedas while the philosophical systems are all not more than
- 1200 to 1500 hundred years old.
-
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------
- - K. Srinivasan at Hydro Quebec srini@ireq-num.hydro.qc.ca
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------
- -
-
-
- The importance of any of these philosophies in daily life are grossly
- exaggerated. Few people understand Advaita or Dvaita or Visishtadvaita and
- their implications as regards material progress etc. To the contrary, it
- is the followers of purely Saivite philosophy who were the most interested
- in material progress - the Chettiars of Tamil Nadu and the Lingayats and
- Veerasaivas of Karnataka/Maharashtra.
-
- S.Vidyasankar
-
-
-
-