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- From: tho@tik.vtt.fi (Timo Honkela)
- Newsgroups: sci.philosophy.tech,sci.lang,sci.cognitive
- Subject: Re: Theories of meaning not relying solely on symbolic representation
- Date: 16 Nov 92 00:11:15
- Organization: Technical Research Centre of Finland, Laboratory for Information
- Processing (VTT/TIK)
- Lines: 54
- Message-ID: <THO.92Nov16001115@hemuli.tik.vtt.fi>
- References: <1992Nov9.005957.7189@midway.uchicago.edu>
- <1992Nov9.202812.11520@midway.uchicago.edu>
- <0f09W_S00Vpd4DQUlC@andrew.cmu.edu>
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- In-reply-to: "John R. Beer"'s message of Wed, 11 Nov 1992 00:22:18 -0500
-
- John R. Beer writes:
- >Jacob Galley writes:
- >>Now I think my original question was not specific enough. What bothers
- >>me about the theories of meaning that I have seen is that they do not
- >>adequately account for how meaningful symbols are linked to WHAT >THEY
- >>MEAN. Ie, while we have made a good amount of progress in syntax and
- >>taxonomic classifications, which describe how meaningful signs
- >>interact with and relate to each other, I have not encountered any
- >>theories of how the signifier is linked to the signified.
- >
- >You should look at:
- >Donald Davidson's writing on truth theory and radical interpretation,
- >collected in Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation(1983)
- >
- >Michael Dummett--start with Truth and Other Enigmas, which will
- >prepare you for his classic paper "What is a Theory of Meaning?", in
- >Truth and Meaning , (McDowell and Evans,eds.)
- >
- >The Varieties of Reference by Gareth Evans, which sets out an account
- >of what abilities one needs in order to make reference to objects in
- >the world.
- >
- >This stuff is hard going, but immensely rewarding. Although all three
- >authors are firmly in the analytic tradition (and you might want to look
- >at Frege and Quine before plunging in), they aren't proposing new
- >formalisms, but possible ways for grounding these formalisms.
-
- Connectionistic models with unsupervised learning capabilities
- seem to be formalisms or even grounding blocks for "theories of
- how the signifier is linked to the signified." Professor Teuvo
- Kohonen has written: "In attempting to devise Neural Network
- models for linguistic representations, the first difficulty
- is encountered when trying to find metric distance relations
- between symbolic items. [...] it cannot be assumed that encodings
- of symbols in general have any relationship with the observable
- characteristics of the corresponding items. How could it then
- be possible to represent the 'logical similarity' of pairs
- of items [...]? The answer lies in the fact that *the symbol,
- during the learning process, is presented in context*."
- (The Self-Organizing Map, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 78, no 9,
- September 1990)
-
- The context may consist of words, symbolic features, continuous
- features or even pictorial images. The virtue of unsupervised
- learning (e.g. the self-organizing map) lies in the fact
- that there is no need for any "correct answers" which is the
- case with most of the connectionist models.
-
- Timo Honkela (tho@tik.vtt.fi)
- (Please, contact if you are interested in an article
- "Connectionism and Linguistics" which e.g. discusses
- aspects of semantics and pragmatics related to
- unsupervised learning.)
-
-