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- Path: sparky!uunet!destroyer!cs.ubc.ca!unixg.ubc.ca!unixg.ubc.ca!israel
- From: israel@unixg.ubc.ca (Robert B. Israel)
- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Subject: Re: ODE problem...
- Date: 18 Nov 92 23:43:57 GMT
- Organization: The University of British Columbia
- Lines: 51
- Message-ID: <israel.722130237@unixg.ubc.ca>
- References: <1992Nov17.205237.21447@athena.mit.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: unixg.ubc.ca
-
- In <1992Nov17.205237.21447@athena.mit.edu> frisch1@athena.mit.edu (Jonathan Katz) writes:
-
- >The following ODE problem came up recently.
- >I know how to solve it by the power series method, but was wondering
- >if anyone could figure out an easier way of solving it (maybe a nice
- >substitution?).
- >(x and y are functions of t, a is a constant)
- >x'=(a)(x)cost+(a)(y)sint
- >y'=(a)(x)sint-(a)(y)cost.
- >It may be worth noting that, viewing this as a matrix problem:
- >x'=Ax,
- >A^2=I.
-
- >I don't know if that helps.
-
-
- Quite a neat problem! I hope nobody was sadistic enough to
- assign it as homework.
-
- First go to polar coordinates: x = r cos(s), y = r sin(s)
- (I'm too lazy to type "theta").
- (1) r' = (x x' + y y')/r = r cos(t-2s)
- (2) s' = (x y' - y x')/r^2 = a sin(t-2s)
-
- Substitute u = t-2s in (2) to get
-
- (3) u' = 1 - 2 a sin(u).
-
- This can be solved, but it's a mess. However, since the
- problem is linear, it's enough to get two particular solutions.
- The easy ones are where u = constant. Let c = arcsin(1/(2a)).
- (This assumes |a| > 1/2, if you want real solutions)
- Then two solutions of (3) are u = c and u = pi - c.
- Correspondingly, we get, with k = cos(c) = sqrt(1 - (1/2a)^2),
- and taking r(0) = 1,
- (for u = c) s = (t-c)/2
- r' = r cos(c) = k r
- r = exp(k t)
- x = exp(k t) cos((t-c)/2)
- y = exp(k t) sin((t-c)/2)
- (for u = pi - c)
- x = exp(-k t) cos((t - pi + c)/2)
- = exp(-k t) sin((t+c)/2)
- y = - exp(-k t) cos((t+c)/2)
- and the general solution is a linear combination of these.
-
- --
- Robert Israel israel@math.ubc.ca
- Department of Mathematics or israel@unixg.ubc.ca
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Y4
-