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- From: MLR@ECLX.PSU.EDU (Marc L Rigas)
- Subject: Re: Bio-electric signals
- Message-ID: <p#=1Hf7vxa@atlantis.psu.edu>
- Sender: news@atlantis.psu.edu (Usenet)
- Organization: Penn State Engineering Computer Lab
- Distribution: usa
- Date: Mon, 16 Nov 92 04:14:02 GMT
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-
-
- Measuring the EMG is can really be done quite easily with usually pretty
- good results. As the discussion on this group as instructed, one must be
- careful about electrocution hazards. The threshold for perception of
- alternating current at the skin is around 0.5 mA. Serious damage can occur
- if the current level at the skin increases above around 9 mA(known as
- "Let-go Current"). Above this level, serious muscle tetany can occur. The
- common practice in simple medical instrumentation design is to design the
- equipment so that the person to whom the instrument is attached could be
- subject to current from a wall socket and still not suffer severe problems.
- This is commonly done by putting a high resistance in series with the input
- to your op-amps. A 100 Kohm resistor usually works pretty well. It is high
- enough that at 120 VAC, only 1.2 mA would go through the line(slightly above
- perception threshold), yet it is low enough that it will not
- affect the input impedance of a 441 opamp chips(741's have might be
- affected).
- For recording the EMG, the best bet is a 3 op-amp differential
- amplifier circuit(an instrumentation amplifier). This is one of the most
- widely used circuits for obtaining biopotentials, since the setup provides
- a very high input impedance, and it has a high Common Mode Rejection Ratio
- to reject 60 Hz common mode voltage from the body surface.
- Further information on this circuit can be found on pgs. 111-112 of
- the book, "Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design", John G.
- Webster(ed.)
- I recommend a gain of around 500 for the EMG signal.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Marc Rigas
- Dept. of Bioengineering
- Penn State University
- MLR@eclx.psu.edu
-