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- Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
- Path: sparky!uunet!stanford.edu!agate!overload.lbl.gov!s1.gov!lip
- From: lip@s1.gov (Loren I. Petrich)
- Subject: Re: origin of the Greek gods
- Message-ID: <1992Nov16.231320.25476@s1.gov>
- Sender: usenet@s1.gov
- Nntp-Posting-Host: s1.gov
- Organization: LLNL
- References: <32520@jeeves.Teknowledge.COM>
- Date: Mon, 16 Nov 1992 23:13:20 GMT
- Lines: 80
-
- In article <32520@jeeves.Teknowledge.COM> aterry@Teknowledge.COM (Allan Terry) writes:
- >Is the Roman adoption of Greek myth under Roman names (e.g., Athena/Minerva)
- >evidence that there was a common mythology predating both classic
- >civilizations?
-
- Another possibility: syncretism of vaguely similar deities.
- Herodotus does a lot of that in his books, speaking of the Egyptian,
- Babylonian, and Persian versions of Zeus, instead of calling them
- Amon-Ra, Marduk, and Ahura Mazda, for example.
-
- I gather that Mycenaean writing was mostly by and for
- >accountants.
-
- That's essentially correct. Just about all of what has
- survived is various bookkeeping records. Example:
-
- At Pylos, the priestess's servants on account of the sacred
- gold: 14 women.
-
- Naturally, this brings up a whole host of questions. Which
- priestess? Which "sacred" gold? Was it gold kept in a temple? What
- were the 14 women supposed to be doing? And more possible questions.
-
- Is there any literary or other evidence for familiar gods and
- >myths, in earlier form, back to Mycenaean times?
-
- The only literary evidence is those Mycenaean Linear B
- tablets. They record deity names in only one context, as recipients of
- offerings. Not only familiar ones, like A-ta-na-po-ti-ni-ja (Athena,
- literally something like "the Mistress of Athana"), A-ti-mi-to and
- A-ti-mi-te (Artemis), Po-se-da- (Poseidon), Di-ka-ta-jo Di-we
- ("Diktean Zeus"), and others, but a lot of other deities like Potnia
- ("the Mistress" or "Lady"), Tris-heros ("Three Times a Hero") and
- Iphimedeia, and obscure ones like Ma-na-sa, Pi-pi-tu-na,
- A-ju-ma-na-ke, and A-ro-do-ro-o. However, the tablets don't tell us
- anything else about them.
-
- The Mycenaeans were Greeks, and they were originally outsiders
- who had overrun the indigenous peoples, like the Minoans of Crete and
- nearby islands. There is abundant evidence of Mycenaean-Minoan
- continuity, including such things as female fashions (bare breasts
- with long, fancy skirts).
-
- Though Greek is an Indo-European language, of the major Greek
- deities, only Zeus has clear Indo-European cognates. Greek Zeus Pater
- ("Father Zeus"), Roman Jovis Pater (>Juppiter), Vedic Dyaus Pitar, and
- Germanic Tiu/Tyr correspond to reconstructed *dye:us p@te:r, which
- translates into "Father Sky".
-
- Many of the other deities' names do not have convincing IE
- derivations, and they are probably indigenous in origin. For instance,
- Hera and Athena are associated with birds and snakes, and we indeed
- find Minoan female deities (or their female worshippers) associated
- with birds and snakes. Artemis is a Mistress of Animals, and we indeed
- find a Minoan Mistress of Animals depicted. There is also a Minoan
- Master of Animals, but depictions of him are rarer. No depictions of
- Minoan celestial patriarchs have been found, interestingly enough.
-
- The Minoans had a script, Linear A, which, however has not
- been deciphered, although assigning some Linear A signs the phonetic
- values of similar-looking Linear B signs does yield some recognizable
- words, mostly proper names in lists in the Linear B tablets. More
- interestingly, there is evidence that the Linear A script was used
- more widely than the Linear B one, since there are Linear A
- inscriptions found on various other objects, like libation tables.
- What might they say? If the contents of later inscriptions are any
- guide, possibly something like "For the Mistress of Mt. Ida and Her
- Son".
-
- But the only thing clear about the Linear A language is that
- it is probably not Greek. I've seen halfway-convincing translations
- into presumed relatives of Luwian and Semitic, for example. My pet
- hypothesis is that Minoan will turn out to be related to the North
- Caucasian languages, as Diakonov and Starostin have suggested for
- Hurrian-Urartian and Etruscan.
-
- Further correspondences? Marija Gimbutas has proposed
- connections with Neolithic European symbolism in some of her most
- recent books; any opinions?
-
-