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- From: jacobson@cello.hpl.hp.com (David Jacobson)
- Subject: Re: Same aperture on different focal lengths?
- Message-ID: <1992Nov18.223232.17746@cello.hpl.hp.com>
- Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 22:32:32 GMT
- References: <1992Nov13.234817.1@cc.helsinki.fi> <7010@news.duke.edu> <TSOS.176.721997308@uni-duesseldorf.de>
- Organization: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories
- Lines: 32
-
- In article <TSOS.176.721997308@uni-duesseldorf.de> TSOS@uni-duesseldorf.de (Detlef Lannert) writes:
- >Basically I agree with what you said (although it's not actually the
- >aperture size that counts, but the size of the aperture stop *as seen*
- >through the front element; with some lenses this does make a difference
- >[look through a wide-angle from the back: the aperture actually is much
- >larger than it seems when you see it from the front]). (*)
- >
- >But I don't believe that there are no significant differences in light
- >transmissions for various lenses at the same f-stop. I once read a
- >model calculation some time ago that showed a difference of > 1/3 f-stop
- >between a multi-element zoom lens and a simple prime lens; this would be
- >noticeable e.g. on slide film. (I can find the reference in case anyone
- >is interested.)
- >---
- >(*) This is the reason why the influence of diffraction on the sharpness
- > of a short wide-angle ( <= 20mm) stopped down to f22 is not so bad
- > as one might expect from the formula (focal length)/22 that yields
- > something < 1mm.
- > The size of the exit pupil which can be seen through the rear element(s)
- > is often closer to the actual aperture diameter.
-
- How sure are you of this last (*) fact? I'm not at all sure that I
- believe it. Yes the image of the diaphragm is bigger, but it is also
- a lot farther way from the film than one focal length. I worked out to
- myself that the angular diameter of the diaphragm as seen from the
- film is consistent with the effective f-stop. (In particular I took
- the effective f-stop to be sM/a where s is the subject-to-entrance-pupil
- distance, M the magnification, and a the aperture diameter.)
- So the larger effective aperture reduces (angular) diffraction, but
- the longer exit-pupil to film distance exactly compensates.
-
- -- David Jacobson
-