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- Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
- Message-ID: <cf29EQS00WB=B_WH9U@andrew.cmu.edu>
- Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1992 01:41:32 -0500
- From: Kevin William Ryan <kr0u+@andrew.cmu.edu>
- Subject: Re: "period" wristwatches
- Lines: 79
-
- As to pocket sundials:
-
- Any decent library will have some books on sundials. I found over 20
- references with one search in the electronic catalogs at the Carnegie
- Library in Pittsburgh. Give it a shot - you should be able to find something.
-
- Ring dials: basically a napkin ring with a string attached and a small hole
- drilled in one side. The hole projects a spot of sunlight onto the inside of
- the ring. You need different scales for different months, as the height of
- the sun changes with the seasons, but lining up the spot of light with the
- proper month should show how many hours from noon it is, and if you can
- remember if it's morning or afternoon you have the time. A decent book on
- sundials should give enough information to calculate the scale.
-
- An alternate is the cylindrical 'shepherds dial'. This is a cylinder with
- a projecting pointer (gnomen) extending horizontally from the top. As, again,
- the height of the sun at a particular time of day varies with the season,
- the cylinder is marked with scales indexed by date. Rotate the cylinder until
- the proper week or month is under the gnomen, hold it by the string from the
- top so that the gnomen is turned toward the sun, and the time of day will
- be the curve pointed to by the shadow of the gnomen. Incidentally, the curves
- of the hour lines on this type of dial look like upside down gaussian curves
- wrapped around the barrel of the cylinder.
- The card style sundials are just that. A sight is rigged on one edge of
- the card (pinhole and a spot to project upon), a string hangs from near the
- pinhole, and there are a set of curves: hours march from projection spot to
- the opposite corner, and time of year from the pinhole to its opposite
- corner in lines of equal radius from the string attachment point. Slide
- a bead along the string to the distance of the appropriate month, sight it
- upon the sun, and the bead will hang on the appropriate hour.
-
- There are many more: these are the simplest I know of. I don't have the
- books with me (they're library books, ya know), and the calculations are
- moderately complicated. More complex pocket sundials include ones with two
- different types of dial, one of which has a movable gnomen; you adjust the
- gnomen until the two dials agree, and then you know what time it is as
- well as what direction is true north. Others have a simple sundial of some
- kind and a compass so that you can point it properly. However, these are
- subject to the difference between magnetic and true north, and a table of
- corrections is probably a good idea.
-
- To go a little further: note that a sundial will give you true sun time.
- This is _not_ identical with standard time, which is true only every 15
- degrees of longitude. The Pennsic site, for example, will show a sun time
- roughly 14 minutes earlier than Eastern Standard Time, and throwing in
- Daylight Savings time makes it 46 minutes off in the other direction. Add
- in about 5 minutes for the 'equation of time', which tells how the lead
- and lag of the sun affects local sun time, and it can get rather complicated.
- My (potential) plans for Pennsic sundials include making the scale correct
- for that latitude, longitude, and time of year with daylight savings time,
- although I might also consider one with the appropriate corrections as
- well. The card type dials lend themselves to that sort of thing, for
- example.
-
- It's not as bad as it seems. The lead/lag of the sun amounts to about
- 15 minutes at maximum, (that's the 'equation of time', which will show up
- in every book on sundials, and is associated with that figure eight you
- see on a lot of the better globes for the noontime sun) longitude will
- throw things off by 3 minutes per hundred miles east/west at my latitude,
- with perhaps an equal amount of offset for travelling nort/south. A good
- sundial you make for your area will be reasonably accurate for quite
- some distance from home.
-
- And then there are the heliochronometers, which until recently (the
- introduction of atomic clocks) used to set railroads and national timekeeping:
- a wonderful sundial with the corrections for the 'equation of time',
- daylights savings, etc., adjustable with verniers. Accurate to within
- seconds, quite literally. Unfortunately, I don't have the machining tools
- to make one...
-
- Hope this is helpful. Sundials are _extremely_ period. They date back
- to the Egyptians, and all of the portable ones I have described were
- extant in period. This discussion has been most fun, and my enthusiasm
- for making up a few is renewed. You might see me pushing dials at Pennsic.
-
- kwr
- aka Donnallain o'r Galaru Glais
-
- Internet: kevin.ryan@cmu.edu
-