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- Newsgroups: rec.heraldry
- Path: sparky!uunet!mcsun!news.funet.fi!funic!nntp.hut.fi!saha.hut.fi!c34657b
- From: c34657b@saha.hut.fi (Tuomas Viljanen)
- Subject: Re: Byzantine Flags, and Another Question
- Message-ID: <1992Nov22.163855.9563@nntp.hut.fi>
- Sender: usenet@nntp.hut.fi (Usenet pseudouser id)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: saha.hut.fi
- Organization: The Nibelungenlied Incorporated
- References: <721933845.F00001@ocitor.fidonet>
- Date: Sun, 22 Nov 1992 16:38:55 GMT
- Lines: 54
-
- In article <721933845.F00001@ocitor.fidonet> Tim@f4229.n124.z1.fidonet.org (Tim) writes
- > The two-headed eagle was, so far as I know, primarily associated with the
- > Holy Roman (post-Charlemagne western) empire; I know of no instance of its
- > use by the Eastern empire.
-
- The double-headed eagle was the VERY emblem of the Byzantine empire from the
- early beginning on. Eagle was the emblem of the Roman empire: perhaps the
- double-headed eagle dates back to the Imperator Constantinus I as the
- founding of Constantinopolis as the "Second Rome". Certainly the basileus
- Iraklios (Heraclius) used double-headed eagle as his emblem. Double-headed
- eagle was something a badge for the Byzantine Empire (like the Red Star for
- the Commies). "Officially" it was not until the emperor Theodoros II who
- adopted it as the "official" emblem of the state.
-
- About the west: one-headed eagle (Sa on Or) was the arms of King of Germany;
- double-headed eagle indicated he was also the Holy Roman Emperor (these two
- things were not the same). Sometimes even a third head would be added: this
- indicated the kingship of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
-
- > EO> Was that the right Byzantine flag, and was there any such thing as
- > EO> Byzantine heraldry? Among other things, I'm working on a GURPS game book
- > EO> about Byzantium.
- >
- > The only "Byzantine flag" I've ever seen is illustrated on p. 106 of
- > Ottfried Neubecker's "Heraldry: Sources, Symbols, and Meanings". It shows
- > a flag quarterly of "Argent a cross gules" and what are represented to be
- > the family arms of the Palaeologoi, "Gules a Cross between four
- > fire-stele's addorsed or". The latter, because of their resemblance to the
- > letter "B", are suggested to represent the Palaeologos motto: "Basileus
- > Basilewn, Basileuwn Basileuoin". It allegedly dates from a 14th century
- > source, the "Conoscimentos de todos los Reinos".
-
- Vasilevs vasileon, vasilion vasilefsin, like it would be translated from the
- Greek, meaning "King of the kings, ruling all over the kings". The Greek "B"
- is pronounced as "V".
-
- Good sources are the Wargames' Research Group books "Armies of the Dark Ages
- 600-1066", "Armies and the Enemies of the Crusades 1071-1291" and "Armies of
- the Middle Ages, volume 2, Eastern Europe 1300-1500", all by Ian Heath.
- All include excellent information of the Byzantine empire, armies, organizat-
- ion, tactics, troops and emblems. The most popular Byzantine flag type was of
- the vexillum-like, which hanged from a crossbar. Most popular charges were
- of course the double-headed eagle, labarum (Christ-monogram), birds, and,
- of course, other Christian symbols like crosses and ikons. Good sources are
- also the Osprey Men-at-arms series books of the era, although not infallible.
-
- (Yes, I am a wargamer and one of my favorite armies is the Nikephorian
- Byzantine 963-1071. Watch out for the Katafraktoi !)
-
-
- ++ Tuomas Viljanen ++ For a battle like Crecy, you do ++
- ++ Lahderanta 20 A 19 ++ not need a military genius like ++
- ++ SF-02720 Espoo FINLAND ++ Edward III. All you need is an ++
- ++ 358-0-592175 or c43657b@saha.hut.fi ++ idiot like Duke of Alencon. ++
-