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- From: andrewt@watson.ibm.com (Andrew Taylor)
- Subject: Chemical defense discovered in a bird
- Sender: news@watson.ibm.com (NNTP News Poster)
- Message-ID: <1992Nov16.193512.81626@watson.ibm.com>
- Date: Mon, 16 Nov 1992 19:35:12 GMT
- Disclaimer: This posting represents the poster's views, not necessarily those of IBM
- Nntp-Posting-Host: mothra6.watson.ibm.com
- Organization: IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
- Lines: 33
-
- A recent Science (30 October) has a paper describing the discovery
- that New Guinea birds in the genus Pitohui contain a potent
- alkloid, homobatachotoxin. This toxin was previously only
- known from the poison-dart frogs (Phyllobates) of Latin America.
-
- The toxin is mainly found in the skin and ito a lesser extent the feathers.
- Levels are highest in the Hooded Pitohui which contains roughly 20 micrograms
- of the toxin. 0.01 micrograms will kill a mouse if injected.
-
- The unpalatability of the Hooded Pitohuis was well known to New Guinea natives
- but apparently had not been investigated by biologists until a grad student
- handled one in a mist net with a cut hand. His hand stung and when he
- placed it is his mouth, his mouth when numb. Sometime later when they caught
- another Pitohui he took a feather and placed it in his mouth producing
- the same effect.
-
- Species with chemical defenses are often conspicuous. The Science paper
- suggests Hooded Pitohuis are brightly coloured and have a strong odour.
- The Hooded Pitohui is pictured on the cover of size and although
- not nondescript, it appears less strikingly coloured than many (presumably)
- non-toxic Australian passerines. I think much more evidence is needed to
- claim that the Pitohuis colouration is an adaptation to advertise their
- chemical defense. Maybe a stronger case can be made for the odour.
-
- The paper also suggests the similarity of appearance of immature greater
- melampittas (Melampitta gigantea) might be mimicry. Again this is dubious
- the melampitta doesn't too look much different to lots of other small brown
- birds. Obviously there is some interesting field-work to be done.
-
- The Science paper doesn't give the Pitohui family (or habits). They look
- like Monarch-Flycatchers. Maybe someone who knows these could post them.
-
- Andrew Taylor
-