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- Newsgroups: rec.audio
- Subject: Re: Why filter D/A output?
- Message-ID: <1992Nov20.080807.1@fencer.cis.dsto.gov.au>
- From: st_waldman@fencer.cis.dsto.gov.au
- Date: 20 Nov 92 08:08:06 +1100
- References: <1992Nov8.222911.27702@doug.cae.wisc.edu> <1992Nov16.161335.4400@bnr.uk>
- Organization: D.S.T.O. Aeronautical Research Laboratory
- Nntp-Posting-Host: fencer.cis.dsto.gov.au
- Lines: 31
-
- > You have a good point regarding filtering ... The best that I can come up with in
- > terms of explaning why filtering is needed is that the distortion products at
- > higher frequencies have images that 'fold' back into the audio band. Therefore
- > filtering is required to suppress noise in the audio band.
-
- When an output signal is generated by a DAC, it looks more like a
- stair-case type of signal. eg. for a sine wave we might get:
-
- -- -- --
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - -- -- -
-
- Just imagine that each of the steps (line segments) is joined to the previous
- one by a continuous line. These steps are contain high frequency components
- that are a higher frequencies than that of the sine wave signal that
- we are trying to represent. Remember, a square wave signal will be composed of
- a sine wave at the fundamental frequency, plus a whole set of odd-order
- harmonics.
-
- In our "digital" representation of the sine wave, the steps coming out of
- the DAC will also contain higher frequency harmonics, where the unwanted
- signal frequency components are greater than 1/2 the sampling rate (I think).
- These frequencies must be removed by filtering, and hence the filtering
- process will smooth the stepped waveform that I have drawn above.
-
- Hope this provides some help...
-
- Witold Waldman
- witold@hotblk.aed.dsto.gov.au
-