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- Path: sparky!uunet!spool.mu.edu!agate!darkstar.UCSC.EDU!cats.ucsc.edu!nola
- From: nola@cats.ucsc.edu (Nola Van Vugt)
- Newsgroups: misc.kids
- Subject: Teaching your child to be bilingual
- Date: 21 Nov 1992 18:18:15 GMT
- Organization: University of California; Santa Cruz
- Lines: 71
- Distribution: world
- Message-ID: <1eluh7INN79k@darkstar.UCSC.EDU>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: am.ucsc.edu
- Summary: Excerpt from Penelope Leach's _Babyhood_
- Keywords: Approach with caution!
-
-
- From time to time I'll read a posting here from someone who has decided
- to "teach their child a second language". This isn't an issue that
- ever came up with our kids because my husband and I, while being
- functional in a couple of other languages, are far from fluent in
- anything but English. However, as with most issues on the net, I do
- have an opinion on the subject (surprise!) so I finally dug out my old
- copy of _Babyhood_ by Penelope Leach (Knopf, 1983) and looked up what
- she has to say about language development. She has quite a bit to say
- about it actually--social learning is probably this book's strongest
- section. So herewith is the excerpt on bilingualism:
-
- "Infants are clearly able to distinguish the speech sounds of all
- languages at least until the have discovered that certain sounds
- communicate and that others do not. If follows that any sounds, from
- any language-group, which *do* communicate, can be used by the child.
- An infant's language-learning is principally facilitated by the
- experience of effective communication in shared play with loved
- adults. Therefore if he experiences this kind of comunication in two
- languages, from the beginning of his life he will come to use them
- both.....[Leach describes how a child learns language in a truly
- bi-lingual situation]
- Complications sometimes set in, however, where the family is not
- "truly bilingual". If both languages are to be equally learned, both
- must give the child equal feedback and reward. For this to come
- about, parents usually need not only be to be equally competent in
- both languages but to use both with equal spontaneity. Often this is
- not the case. As an example, consider an Italian family, long
- resident in America and long accustomed to conducting their lives and
- realtionships in English. Both parents had retained total fluency in
- Italian and used it spontaneously on rare visits to their families in
- Naples. At such times both maintained that they "thought in Italian"
- but for the rest of the year only an Italian visitor or newspaper
- disturbed them from thinking in Englush. When their child was born
- the decided to giver her the benefit of their mother tongue. They
- decided, as a matter of policy to talk to her in Italian some of the
- time and to encourage her to learn Italian as well as English words.
- Policy turned out to be the enemy of fluency. The parents stayed
- alert to Italian-sounding early words and fed these back to the baby
- in that language, but most of the time they spoke to her in English
- and, of course, that was the language she heard used between them and
- form other people. Around her first birthday, the parents began to
- insist that she produce Italian from time to time. She would comment
- excitedly to her mother about a bus that was passing. Instead of
- responding to her interest and enlarging on what she had said--by
- saying "yes, isn't it a big bus?" or words to that effect--her mother
- would ignore the content of the message of excitement and tell her to
- say "autobus". Over a period of months, the little girl became
- extremely confused. By the time she was two she was saying very
- little in any language except screaming tantrums. Language evolves
- under the stimulus of pleasurably shared communication. Attempts to
- teach it rather than simply encourage and respond to it, usually, as
- in this case, involve more rejection than the infant can easily stand.
- [Leach goes on to describe other situations where the parents do not
- share a common language but struggle to communicate in an acquired
- third language, or where one parents native language becomes a
- "private second language between that parent and child, closely linked
- with affectionate situations such as nighttime lullabies" but where
- the child does not actually learn to speak that langage until much
- later.]
- At this stage of our knowledge it seems clear that a child will
- acquire whatever language brings him the rewards of effective
- communication with people he cares about, and that these rewards come
- from being readily understood and richly responded to. Truly
- bilingual parents who spontaneously interact with the infant in
- interchangeable languages certainly do not need to be concerned lest
- they muddle him. But all parents, single-language speakers as well as
- multi-linguists, who concern themselves with forms of speech rather
- than its content, with how the child talks rather than with what he is
- trying to say, should be concerned lest they spoil for their child
- what should be a joyous business: talking with someone."
-