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- From: hurd@math.gatech.EDU (Lyman Hurd)
- Newsgroups: comp.theory.cell-automata
- Subject: Undecidability of configurations/progression
- Message-ID: <9211211708.AA14989@math.gatech.edu>
- Date: 21 Nov 92 17:08:51 GMT
- References: <1992Nov11.173807.100765@Cookie.secapl.com>
- Sender: root@athena.mit.edu (Wizard A. Root)
- Distribution: inet
- Organization: The Internet
- Lines: 38
-
- >However, if I remember the Scientific American article where I first
- >encountered GoE patterns, this problem is easy: a CA has a GoE pattern iff
- >it is not invertible. An invertible CA A is one where there is an inverse
- >CA B such that if A takes pattern X to pattern Y, B takes Y to X, and vice
- >versa.
-
- Whoaaa. This is certainly NOT true. There are two different properties of
- a CA:
-
- 1) The CA is surjective, i.e., for all configurations y there exists (at
- least one) configuration x such that F(x)=y. A CA is surjective (or
- ``onto'') if and only if it has no GOE's.
-
- 2) The CA is injective, i.e., for all configurations x not = y, F(x) not =
- F(y).
-
- For a general set map there exists a third condition:
-
- 3) A map is bijective if 1) and 2) hold. In this case there exists an
- inverse map.
-
- For CA, however, 2 implies 3. Also if a CA has a set-theoretic inverse,
- that inverse is also a CA. Reference Hedlund.
-
- It is NOT the case that 1 implies 2. Take the 1-d rule Wolfram's
- elementary rule 90 with 2 states per site and each site in the next
- generation takes the values of the mod 2 sum of its neighbors (but not its
- predecessor).
-
- In one dimension lots of proofs have been given of the fact that
- injectivity (=bijectivity) and surjectivity are decidable.
-
- In his thesis, however, Kari showed that BOTH questions are undecidable for
- a general 2-D CA. The proof is highly non-trivial and required
- strengthening Berger's Theorem on the undecidability of plane tilings
-
- Lyman Hurd
- Iterated Systems, Inc.
-