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- Newsgroups: comp.sys.super
- Path: sparky!uunet!charon.amdahl.com!pacbell.com!sgiblab!sdd.hp.com!cs.utexas.edu!hellgate.utah.edu!lanl!cochiti.lanl.gov!jlg
- From: jlg@cochiti.lanl.gov (J. Giles)
- Subject: Bandwidth, bandwidth, clock speed, and (mostly) bandwidth (was: What are people paying for when they by a supercomputer?)
- Message-ID: <1992Nov18.185914.21462@newshost.lanl.gov>
- Sender: news@newshost.lanl.gov
- Organization: Los Alamos National Laboratory
- References: <JET.92Nov17104503@boxer.nas.nasa.gov> <1992Nov17.192804.4410@news.eng.convex.com> <JET.92Nov17165616@boxer.nas.nasa.gov> <1992Nov18.155005.22300@eagle.lerc.nasa.gov>
- Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 18:59:14 GMT
- Lines: 29
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-
- That's what's needed. You need bandwidth between the CPU and the memory.
- What's the use of a GFlop machine if you can only feed it at full speed
- through a narrow cache? A *large* cache maybe will do, but then the cache
- is the *real* memory of the machine and what you're calling memory is
- really solid-state disk.
-
- You need bandwidth between the memory and the external storage devices.
- What's the use of a fast machine if it requires lots of idle cycles
- while swaps and/or page-faults are handled?
-
- You need bandwidth among the CPUs. What's the point of having more
- than one processor if they spend lots of idle cycles waiting for
- interprocessor communications?
-
- The CPU need be no faster than all this bandwidth can effectively *feed*.
- That's why some of the most costly components of supercomputers are memory,
- I/O channels, solid-state disks, fast magnetic disks, etc..
-
- To be sure, there are some algorithms which can use up a lot of CPU
- cycles without needing much memory access, much less much other
- communication. Such algorithms can give the so-called "super-micros"
- some really impressive benchmark numbers. But, if they don't have
- the bandwidth, such "super-micros" are really very super. And if they
- *do* have the bandwidth, they end up costing in the same ballpark as
- existing mainframe supercomputers.
-
- --
- J. Giles
-