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- Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
- Path: sparky!uunet!clarkson!news
- From: faruque@sun.soe.clarkson.edu (Abdullah Faruque,334CH,3752,2654247)
- Subject: Re: Crystal speed info required...
- Message-ID: <1992Nov23.224525.20920@news.clarkson.edu>
- Sender: news@news.clarkson.edu
- Nntp-Posting-Host: sun.soe.clarkson.edu
- Organization: Clarkson University
- References: <chans.722541405@marsh>
- Date: Mon, 23 Nov 1992 22:45:25 GMT
- Lines: 51
-
- From article <chans.722541405@marsh>, by chans@cs.curtin.edu.au (Sean Chan):
- > Gidday all,
- >
- > I'd just like to know about the speeds of crystals for required for
- > INTEL CPUs. A friend told me that the speed of the crystal should
- > *always* be twice the speed of the CPU (eg. 486DX-33 has a crystal
- > running at 66 MHz, 386DX-25 => 50 MHz). Is this true for *all*
- > motherboards??
- >
-
- No. Actually, all 286 and 386 CPUs need 2X external clock to run at
- the rated speed (e.g. a 16Mhz cpu needs 32Mhz clock etc.). In 286 and
- 386 CPU the external clock is divided by two internally inside the CPU
- to get the proper clock. But this is not true for 486 CPUs, which
- require only 1X clock (e.g. a 486DX/SX-33Mhz needs a 33Mhz external
- clock). But some 486 motherboards (specially those 386/486 upgradable
- motherboards) may use a 2X external clock even with a 486 CPU, because
- they have to generate 2X clock while using using a 386 CPU. In that
- case, they divide the external clock by 2 (normally done by the
- chipset or logic circuit on the board) when a 486DX CPU is used,
- ruther than putting another separate crystal. Some newer, 486 all
- speed motherboard even use just one single crystal and divide it
- accordingly depending on the speed of the installed CPU. This is
- normally done by jumper settings or in the CMOS setup. So, in theory a
- 486DX CPU requires only 1X external clock, this is also true for
- 486DX2 CPUs (in that case the 1X external clock is multiplied by two
- internally inside the CPU to make it run at double the speed of the
- 486DX counterpart)
-
- > The question arose when we were trying to figure out why the speed of my
- > floppy disk access slowed down after I changed my motherboard (from a
- > 386DX-33 to 486DX2-50). Currently, it'll take about 10 seconds to access
- > drive A: (Yup, a simple A: takes 10 seconds); in contrast to my 386DX-33
- > which took about 1 second (3 seconds for a dir/w A:).
- >
- > Could someone shed some light here please??
- >
- > Sean
-
- It may be due to a low BUS speed setting in the CMOS. With a 486DX2-50
- your motehrboard is running at 25Mhz externally and the BUS speed may
- be derived by dividing 25 with 2,3,4 etc. So, select /3 which will
- give you close to 8Mhz (standard ISA BUS speed). Also, look for any
- setting that relates with I/O wait state in your CMOS and set it to
- the lowest possible value. Note: if you are using DR DOS 6.0 then,
- this delay in accessing floppy drive is not uncommon. Hope that
- helps.
-
- -Faruque
- Email: faruque@sun.soe.clarkson.edu
-
-