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- Xref: sparky comp.os.vms:18149 comp.sys.dec:6035
- Path: sparky!uunet!munnari.oz.au!manuel.anu.edu.au!sserve!hhcs.gov.au!pihlab
- From: pihlab@hhcs.gov.au
- Newsgroups: comp.os.vms,comp.sys.dec
- Subject: SUMMARY : TUNING QUANTUM
- Message-ID: <1992Nov18.184713.493@hhcs.gov.au>
- Date: 18 Nov 92 18:47:13 +1100
- Organization: Aust. Dept. Health, Housing and Community Services
- Lines: 223
-
-
- Last week I posted a query about the SYSGEN parameter QUANTUM and what
- it should be set to.
-
- I have received a number of replies with various recommendations and I
- wish to thank the following people in particular:
-
- Rick Colombo, Dan Wing, Wolfgang J Moeller, Kent Gabrin and Robert McIntosh.
-
- Thankyou to everyone who replied.
-
- I have summarised the information for anyone interested and would be
- extremely interested in any further clarifications or extensions that
- you would care to provide.
-
- Please note that I am only a lowly database administrator trying to get
- the best out of what I have to use and I have not been on any VMS Tuning
- or System Administration courses as that's not my job but someone has
- to do it.
-
-
- =============================================================
-
-
- All replies are in agreement that a lower setting for QUANTUM (than the
- DEFAULT) is recommended unless you have a BATCH oriented machine or a
- single user machine.
-
-
- QUANTUM
- -------
-
- This is the time-slice of CPU that a process can have before it has to give
- it up for another process to do work. In reality very few processes would
- use their entire QUANTUM before being interrupted by the need for I/O, page
- faults, or pre-emption by a higher priority process. The default setting
- under VMS V2 was 40, under VMS V3 it was 30, and with VMS V4 and V5 it is
- 20 (ie 20 x 10ms where 10ms = 1 "clock tick"). This default is the same
- across all VAX platforms and I believe was the original setting for a VAX
- 11/780, a 1 VUP machine. Information from Internet indicates that an
- interactive user moving from field to field in an editor and forms and such
- would rarely (if ever) use up a QUANTUM of 5 let alone 20 and this becomes
- even less likely on th faster machines.
-
- On a 11/780 (a 1 VUP machine), one "clock tick" is approximately equal to
- 10,000 instructions so a lot more work can be done on a 32 VUP CPU like one
- of the ones in our 6620's.
-
- Many Internet replies indicated that sites are running with a QUANTUM
- setting of 5 on machines such as 780, 6430, 8600, 8650, 8800, 8820, 8830,
- 6530, 9210 and no more than 10 on smaller machines.
-
- One interesting "rule-of-thumb" for Quantum setting uses the algorithm:
-
- QUANTUM = 20 / SQRT(VUP rating)
-
- I have assumed that on a machine with two or more CPUs then you would
- only use the VUP rating of one of the CPUs for the calculation.
-
- This means that QUANTUM should be set as follows on my various machines:
-
-
- Machine VUP for single CPU Calculation QUANTUM
-
- 3300 2.4 12.90 13
-
- 3900 3.8 10.25 10
-
- 4200 5 8.94 9
-
- 4300 8 7.07 7
-
- 63xx 3.8 10.25 10
-
- 64xx 7 7.55 8
-
- 65xx 13 5.54 6
-
- 66xx 32 3.53 4
-
- 94xx 40 3.16 3
-
- Since the vast majority of my machines are for interactive work then the
- default of 20 should be altered as indicated above for best interactive
- performance. Batch jobs will incur a slight overhead of process
- time-slicing but the purpose is to primarily service our interactive users.
- Quantum can never go below a value of 2.
-
- Note: Decreasing the QUANTUM does not improve performance; it improves the
- "perceived response" by balancing the CPU resources more evenly across all
- users and if the users think that they're getting better response then I'm
- happy too. The overall throughput of the machine is slightly reduced
- because of the extra OS overheads of a smaller time-slice.
-
-
- IOTA
- ----
-
- IOTA defaults to 2 and is the number of QUANTUM that a process misses out
- on if it is forced to do an I/O, or memory fault etc.
-
- General consensus here was that if you lower QUANTUM then you should also
- lower IOTA to 1. The change should be proprtional but you only work in
- integers. An increase in QUANTUM above 20 should be matched with a
- proprtional increasein IOTA.
-
-
-
- All Internet replies indicated that there was little danger in changing the
- QUANTUM and IOTA parameters.
-
-
-
-
- ----------------------
-
-
- During the investigation some other parameters were identified that could
- do with some tweaking:
-
-
- AWSTIME
- -------
-
- Has a default setting of 20 and represents the CPU time to be reached
- before Automatic Working Set Adjustment can occur.
-
- A setting of 60 was recommended. No justification was presented for this
- but I think it will reduce the OS overheads of how often it is checking
- processes for Working Set adjustment. Don't know how safe it is to change
- this parameter.
-
-
- WSINC
- -----
-
- Has a default of 150 and represents the number of pages by which any
- processes working set size can increase when more RAM is requested.
-
- A low value for this results in a process having to make many OS calls for
- RAM when a lot is needed. eg if a process has a current working set size of
- 500 and needs to grow to 2000 then it will be delayed (2000-500)/150 = 10
- QUANTUMs (ie 1 sec) but this assumes that they have the CPU to themselves
- and you would experience longer delays before an executable gets enough
- space to start running.
-
- A setting of 503 was recommended. By having a larger value you can reduce
- the number of calls (and OS overhead) and shorten load times. A high
- setting here may help with the problems users are having in Oracle with
- spawning sub-tasks and such. Should be relatively safe to change this
- parameter.
-
-
- WSDEC
- -----
-
- Has a default of 35 and is the exact opposite of WSINC. If the OS needs
- RAM for other processes then it starts grabbing back space from processes
- in chunks of this size. This was apparently changed to a default of 250
- under VMS 5.4.
-
- A setting of 19 was recommended but I can't see any reason for reducing it
- below its default setting. Should be relatively safe to change this
- parameter.
-
-
- PFRATH
- ------
-
- Has a default of 120 and is the Page fault tollerance rate. A high setting
- here means that the OS will not bother adjusting your working set size
- until you start exceeding this limit regularly (I think).
-
- A setting of 10 was recommended. I assume that this means that the OS
- should endeavour to give everyone as much RAM as they can use and reduce
- page faulting to a minimum. I think we should be wary about making changes
- to this parameter on any machine that has an obvious shortage of RAM.
-
-
- PFRATL
- ------
-
- Has a default of 0 (zero) and is the Page fault encouragement rate. I
- think that the default of zero indicates that the ideal process state is
- when it executes with no page faults at all and no working set reductions
- are carried out as a result of low page faulting.
-
- A setting of 1 was recommended (except in the case where you have LOTS of
- memory to play with {ie CNB13V and CNB11V} in which case you should leave
- it at zero). I think the justification here (for a setting of 1) is that
- all processes should be forced to do some page faulting thus freeing up
- memory to the OS pool for better use elsewhere. I think that this change
- can be made safely on all our memory hungry machines.
-
-
- PIXSCAN
- -------
-
- Has a default of 1 and I'm not sure what it is used for.
-
- A setting of 1 was recommended. Current settings vary on our machines as
- shown:
-
- CNB12V = 63, CNB01V = 24, CNB06V = 66, CNB08V = 66, CNB13V = 10, and CNB07V
- = 16.
-
- I'm not sure of why it should be set to 1 and if it is safe to make this
- change although there seems to be little correlation between CPU size,
- machine technology and the current set value.
-
-
- ----------------------
-
- --
-
- Bruce... pihlab@hhcs.gov.au
- *******************************************************************
- * Bruce Pihlamae -- Database Administration *
- * Commonwealth Department of Health, Housing & Community Services *
- * Canberra, Australia (W) 06-289-7056 *
- *******************************************************************
- * These are my own thoughts and opinions, few that I have. *
- *******************************************************************
-