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- Newsgroups: alt.materials.simulation
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- From: reza@materials.materials.org (Reza Najafabadi)
- Subject: Why Another New Journal ?
- Message-ID: <w_F=3f-@engin.umich.edu>
- Date: Mon, 16 Nov 92 10:48:06 EST
- Organization: University of Michigan Engineering, Ann Arbor
- Approved: reza@materials.materials.org
- Originator: reza@materials.materials.org
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-
- Why Another New Journal?
-
- Michael I. Baskes
-
- Last year when I received a survey from the Institute of
- Physics (IOP) about the need for another journal in materials science,I
- tossed the questionnaire into the trash, but not without some
- hesitation. The hesitation occurred because I felt an obligation to
- tell them we already have a proliferation of journals. The survey
- ended in the trash because I didn't have the time to read what they
- were proposing let alone another new journal. Little did I know that a
- few months later I would receive a phone call from IOP asking me to
- attend a meeting in New York to discuss what they found from those who
- did answer their survey, a crying need for a journal covering
- computational materials science and engineering. What happened in the
- interim to convince me of the need for such a journal?
-
- First and foremost in affecting my opinion was a DOE sponsored
- workshop on Computational Issues in the Mechanical Behavior of Metals
- and Intermetallics that Richard Hoagland of Washington State University
- , Alan Needleman of Brown University, and I organized. A report about the workshop, held at the end of September 1991, will soon appear in
- Materials Science and Engineering. We convened the workshop because
- new atomistic and continuum methods, aided by the emergence of more
- powerful computational facilities, are making the prediction of
- mechanical material behavior a reality. The attendees were chosen to
- represent the broad spectrum of computations, i.e., atomistics,
- dislocations/interfaces, microstructure, and continuum elasticity and
- plasticity, necessary to make mechanical behavior prediction possible.
- Over the course of the three-day workshop, we discovered some crucial
- information:
-
- 1) None of us by ourselves or with our current collaborators could
- impact the field of mechanical property prediction.
-
- 2) It will take joint collaboration between the scientists and
- engineers working at all spatial levels to make the dream of
- mechanical property prediction come true.
-
- Once the right mix of people started talking, the above
- conclusions became clear. Consider atomistics, for example. Currently,
- we can perform highly reliable, semi-empirical, molecular dynamics
- simulations of about a million atoms for about a nanosecond. These
- calculations can yield important quantitative information about
- mechanisms, e.g., of dislocation interactions with precipitates or of
- the fracture process, but they are a far cry from the real world
- problems which involve processes of 10^23 atoms over times that could
- span years. These calculations can be made useful,however,by combining
- them with microscopic or continuum models based on the mechanisms
- observed in computer simulations. The combined model has the potential
- of predictive capability. Continuum models by themselves, however, are
- not predictive. They require input of phenomenological parameters or
- materials properties that traditionally are extracted from experiment,
- but also may be obtained from atomistic simulations. How can we
- facilitate this necessary collaboration? Perhaps by creating a common
- publication arena a start can be made.
-
- It was also discovered during the workshop that materials
- scientists, physicists, chemists, and mechanics experts generally
- don't talk across disciplines with one another,don't publish in the
- same journals, and don't frequent the same meetings. A notable
- exception has been the Materials Research Society which fosters
- interactions between the materials, physics, and chemistry communities
- at their Fall and Spring Meetings. More commonly, each group of
- scientists and engineers is unaware of the computations and simulations
- of the other groups. In fact, they may not realize that their research
- could provide the key link to reality that another group needs. It
- seemed clear that in order to impact mechanical properties calculation,
- it was important to get all of these people talking. Could a
- specialized journal provide the exposure that would spark collaborative
- research? By providing a forum for computational materials science at
- all levels, I felt it could foster the communication that is clearly
- absent.
-
- If the problem exists in the area of mechanical properties, it
- is likely to exist across all of materials science and engineering. I
- spent the past year at DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences where a
- hot topic of conversation was the new presidential initiative, the
- Advanced Materials and Processes Program (AMPP). Processing
- calculations are commonly performed at an engineering level, predicting
- quantities such as temperature or stress state. How do the ultimate
- material properties relate to the process parameters? This is the
- million dollar question. Are the materials scientists who can
- potentially calculate materials properties aware of the work of
- engineers who do process modelling? I think not. Again, the same
- problem,there is no interconnection between the microstructural
- modellers and the process modellers.
-
- As this problem coalesced at the workshop as a major concern,
- the following goals were proposed:
- 1) Foster development of two-way communication links and joint
- programs betweenscientists and engineers in the materials,
- physics, chemistry, and mechanics disciplines.
-
- 2) Elicit recognition in both the technical and funding arenas
- that to obtain useful results in computational materials
- science requires synergistic contributions from scientists and
- engineers working on phenomena occurring at all spatial levels
- from atomistic to continuum.
-
- Consistent with these goals, the establishment of a new journal has
- become a significant step in improving communication.
-
- Another concern, however, is the increasing size of journals
- in which computations frequently appear. Again take atomistics, the
- area in which I am most familiar. My colleagues and I frequently
- publish our research in Physical Review B. This journal has grown so
- much in size that each year now has a five digit page count. Over five
- feet of library shelf space is taken up by the 1991 issue! Only a
- small number of articles in each issue are of interest to me, but the
- time needed simply to go through the table of contents is prohibitive.
- Certainly an expert in continuum mechanics or microstructure evolution
- does not have the time to follow the atomistics literature in Physical
- Review. Couple that with the number of other journals in which similar
- research is published, e.g., Surface Science, Philosophical Magazine,
- Acta Metallurgicaet Materalia, Journal of Physics, and it is clear why
- there is a communication failure. The need is for a very focused
- journal whose entire contents is of intimate interest to itsreaders, a
- journal that contains research papers covering all of computational
- materials science and engineering.
-
- I have received almost unanimous enthusiasm about the
- announcement of our new journal, Modelling and Simulation in Materials
- Science and Engineering. Particularly satisfying is the response from
- the continuum mechanics community. Several members of this community
- have said their materials related work is not appreciated by
- the mechanics community and is not read by the materials community
- since it appears in mechanics journals. This new journal will cover
- the whole range of methods and applications of modelling and simulation
- in materials science and engineering. It will serve the emerging
- multidisciplinary materials community through original contributions
- to modelling methods and applications. The contents will provide an
- important link between theory and experiment, covering properties,
- structure and behavior of all classes of materials at all scales from
- the atomic to the macroscopic.
-
- The first issue of Modelling and Simulation in Materials
- Science and Engineering will be published in October and quarterly
- thereafter. The first issue has just been sent to the publisher, and
- many of the papers for the second issue have already been accepted.
- If you would like further information about the journal, contact me at
- the address below.
-
- Michael Baskes, who has been employed by Sandia National
- Laboratories inLivermore, California, since 1969, has a B.S. in
- Engineering and a PhD in MaterialsScience from the California
- Institute of Technology. Currently, he is Manager of the Materials and
- Process Research Department at Sandia.
-
- Address
- Sandia National Laboratories.
- P.O. Box 969
- Livermore, CA 94551-0969
- (510) 294-3226
- FAX (510) 294-3010
-
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