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- From: ALAN@VM1.McGill.CA (Alan Greenberg)
- Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
- Subject: Re: ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE IBM
- Message-ID: <168A69ADF.ALAN@VM1.McGill.CA>
- Date: 21 Nov 92 16:00:42 GMT
- References: <BxtpIv.AMD@mentor.cc.purdue.edu> <STEVEV.92Nov17104240@miser.uoregon.edu> <1992Nov18.134855.28580@geovision.gvc.com> <1992Nov20.045846.18835@news.columbia.edu> <1992Nov20.214059.1@vxcrna.cern.ch> <1992Nov21.003148.16636@leland.Stanford.EDU>
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- Organization: McGill University
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-
- In article <1992Nov21.003148.16636@leland.Stanford.EDU>
- alderson@elaine46.Stanford.EDU (Rich Alderson) writes:
-
- >They were microprogrammed. That doesn't mean that there was microcode.
- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- >
- >For example, on the 360/50, the microprogram was stored in blown fuses; I think
- >the 360/40 used ferrite cores--just like main memory. As I recall, only the
- >360/44 used a writable control store.
- >
- >(Some of this is from hazy memory--the book is in a storage locker. Shamir
- >Husson was the author's name, I think. Something like that, anyway. I read it
- Microcode is microcode, regardless of the technology used to store it!
-
- The 360/50, 65 and 67 used a read-only memory consisting of copper
- lines etched on glass plates. Where the lines on the front and back
- were near each other, the capacitance was higher differentiating
- between 0s and 1s. It was called CROS for Capacitive Read Only Storage.
-
- On the 360/40, I recall they used TROS. The T was for Transformer
- (or close). The storage consisted of mylar strips with copper lines
- on them. Every 1/2 inch or so, the foil pattern formed a square.
- Something like this.
- ----[]--[]--[]--[]--[]----
- There were holes cut out in the squares and the strips all slipped
- over a buch of rods which acted as transformer cores. To program
- the bits, a little paper punch was used to break the square pattern
- on the top or bottom. The current would thus go around the core
- in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction (depending on where
- you punched the whole. This would induce a current in a pickup
- at the bottom of the mylar ribbon stack, and the direction of the
- current would indicate a zero or one. TROS was also used on a number
- of microprogrammed disk controllers and other devices.
-
- On the model 360/30, they used things that looked like punch cards,
- and were in fact programmed on card-punches. I don't remember the
- exact technology, but the cards were complex sandwiches and perhaps
- punching a whole actually severed a connection inside.
-
- All in all, pretty primitive by today's standards, but innovative
- in the early 1960s.
-
- I seem to recall that the 370/145 (late 1960s?) was the first IBM
- machine to use writable memory for microcode. The code was shipped
- on a brand new type of media - an 8 inch flexible disk! All IBM
- disk units of that era had numeric designations of 33nn (such as
- 3330, 3340, 3350). The drive to read the flexible disk was
- appropriately enough called the 33FD. In the field, it was
- quickly called a "floppy" disk instead of a "flexible" disk and
- the rest is history.
-
- Alan
-