home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: sparky!uunet!gossip.pyramid.com!olivea!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!cis.ohio-state.edu!pacific.mps.ohio-state.edu!linac!uchinews!ellis!bagg
- From: bagg@ellis.uchicago.edu (matthew john baggott)
- Newsgroups: alt.drugs
- Subject: Re: LSD the poop is straight
- Message-ID: <1992Nov21.222118.25883@midway.uchicago.edu>
- Date: 21 Nov 92 22:21:18 GMT
- References: <1992Nov18.110257.5683@desire.wright.edu> <1992Nov19.182245.20320@u.washington.edu>
- Sender: news@uchinews.uchicago.edu (News System)
- Reply-To: bagg@midway.uchicago.edu
- Organization: University of Chicago Computing Organizations
- Lines: 78
-
- In article <1992Nov19.182245.20320@u.washington.edu> lamontg@stein.u.washington.edu (Lamont Granquist) writes:
- >f0358@desire.wright.edu writes:
-
- >>Lysergic-acid diethylamide
- >>
- >>When ingested into the human body, LSD act as 5-HT (Serotonin) autoreceptor
- >>inhibitor, thus it is a 5-HT agonist. LSD increases the level of active 5-HT
- >>molecules by disaffecting their autoreceptors (a safeguard type feature in the
- >>brain which reduces levels of certain neurotransmitter and the like).
-
- That "thus" in the first sentence should be an "and." I'm not certain
- what "disaffecting" should be (autoreceptors' only true loyalty is
- to the laws of chemistry & physics) for the second sentence to be
- true.
-
- The autoreceptors in question are 5-HT1As. 5-HT2s, which are not
- autoreceptors and which hallucinogens agonize, seem to be the more
- important ones for hallucinogenic activity. Hallucinogens need not
- affect 1As directly (some definitely don't). However, 5-HT2 receptor
- activation seems to facilitate presynaptic 1A function (such that,
- for example, hallucinogen use produces rapid 5-HT2 downregulation
- which, in turn, decreases 5-HT1A function). So hallucinogens would
- inhibit autorecetpor activity, but not necessarily directly.
-
- >LSD also has effects on 5-HT1C receptors, and its not entirely sure what the
- >specific receptor mechanism is -- there's also the question of why the
- >psychological effects seem to last much longer than the presence of the LSD
- >molecule. One thing that is fairly sure is that LSD shuts down the firing of
- >the seratonin neurons in the raphe, though.
-
- It is difficult to separate 1Cs from 2s because of their great similarity.
- However, hallucinogens seem to be all 2 & 1C agonists. Molecules which (like
- LSD) are partial 2 agonists, and which (unlike LSD) are 1c antagonists
- are not hallucinogenic.
-
- I believe that the effects of DOI (and probably LSD) on firing in the
- raphe nucleus are not blocked by 5-HT2 antagonists (like ketanserin),
- implying that these effects are not mediated by 5-HT2 receptors.
- Oddly enough, ritanserin (which antagonizes 2 and 1C) doesn't block
- 'em either. That's kind of mysterious to me.
-
- > 5-HT has been implicated in
- >>certain behaviors, notably dreaming and sleep, which explains the hallucinatory
- >>effect. We are in effect dreaming while completely awake and aware.
-
- >Actually, a better explanation is the increased firing of the locus coereleus
- >by its disinhibition due to the neurons in the raphe slowing down (since you
- >are inhibiting an inhibitory neuron the result is excitation...). The l.c.
- >has been associated with being a "sensory highway" in the brain, and has also
- >been associated with feelings of anxiety, and theorized that its invovled
- >with depression. My guess is that the hallucinations and stimulatory effects
- >of LSD come from potentiating the l.c., while the effect on the 5-HT neurons
- >in the raphe is responsible for its entheogenic effect on the mind.
-
- This isn't the full story since this decrease in firing (in the raphe) is still
- produced by hallucinogens even after chronic treatment with hallucinogens.
- Since tolerance does develop to hallucinogens, we would have
- expected to see it in the firing. Of course, rate of firing and amount
- of 5-HT released _are_ two different things. Besides, tolerance may
- occur via another route.
-
- >>I for one have never actually hallucinated in that I have seen things that were
- >>in fact not there.
- >
- >Yup, you've only had *psychedelic* experiences. To have a *hallucinogenic*
- >experience you're supposed to take Ketamine (so I've read).
-
- High doses of LSD or mushrooms will produce full-blown hallucinations.
- Mushrooms can have some toxicity at high doses, although many people
- still seem to find it easier to achieve hallucinations with them than with
- LSD.
-
- >--
- >Lamont Granquist lamontg@u.washington.edu
- > "When dogma enters the brain, all intellectual activity ceases."
- > -- Robert Anton Wilson
-
- --Matt
-