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- Path: sparky!uunet!cs.utexas.edu!swrinde!gatech!emory!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary
- From: gary@ke4zv.uucp (Gary Coffman)
- Newsgroups: sci.space
- Subject: Re: ETs and Radio
- Message-ID: <1992Jul30.220544.9067@ke4zv.uucp>
- Date: 30 Jul 92 22:05:44 GMT
- References: <a7327850@Kralizec.fido.zeta.org.au> <1992Jul28.105743.29096@news.Hawaii.Edu> <1992Jul29.161716.3491@ke4zv.uucp> <Bs64M2.AK7@zoo.toronto.edu>
- Reply-To: gary@ke4zv.UUCP (Gary Coffman)
- Organization: Gannett Technologies Group
- Lines: 91
-
- In article <Bs64M2.AK7@zoo.toronto.edu> henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:
- >In article <1992Jul29.161716.3491@ke4zv.uucp> gary@ke4zv.UUCP (Gary Coffman) writes:
- >>Now subtract out all Population II stars, no heavy elements like iron,
- >
- >Some of them might have enough for a small planetary system.
-
- I mentioned iron for two reasons. First, it's necessary for oxygen
- transport via the blood. Second, and this is opinion, it's needed
- for the planet to have a significant magnetic field to redirect energetic
- radiation from the planetary surface. Now iron is the result of supernova
- explosions. Population II stars formed *before* supernovas became common
- enough to supply heavy elements.
-
- >
- >>and subtract out all multiple star systems, no stable planetary orbits,
- >
- >I'm told this doesn't look like as big a problem as was once thought.
-
- ??? Let me put it another way, stable orbits in the liquid water zone.
-
- >>subtract out all systems that don't have a planet in the liquid water zone,
- >
- >This is where we get into real guesswork. Note, though, that the liquid-
- >water zone is wider than we once thought -- Mars would have liquid water
- >if it was bigger. (The idea that the "habitable zone" is very narrow and
- >Earth has just happened to stay in it has been discredited.)
-
- The potential liquid water zone of a G star like ours is roughly from
- near Venus orbit to somewhat beyond Mars orbit given specially designed
- planets in the various places. Now on the solar system scale, that's a
- small range of distances.
-
- >>subtract out all planets not at the correct stage of planetary evolution,
- >>ours is
- >>billions of years old while conditions for life are a much smaller fraction
- >
- >Really? Please elaborate. All you really need is liquid-water temperatures
- >and adequate materials. The major changes in our planetary conditions over
- >the last few billion years have pretty well all been due to the presence of
- >life. (The idea that Earth had a lucky escape from being another Venus has
- >also been discredited -- Earth's oceans would still be liquid even if it
- >had Venus's load of atmospheric CO2 today.)
-
- What I'm saying is that the accretion process, the remelt, the second
- cooling, and finally the out gassing of water vapor and methane that
- formed the primordial atmosphere took about 1/3 the life of the solar
- system to occur. (At least according to popular theories of planetary
- formation) The great extinction, due to oxygen liberation, took another
- 4 billion years, before oxygen based life became dominant. I think we
- can safely assume that intelligent life would require the energetics
- only possible to oxygen breathers.
-
- >>... now subtract out all the systems where life hasn't evolved from
- >>primitive forms to advanced forms, life has existed on this planet for
- >>a long time, humans much less so, etc.
- >
- >But add in the potential for life to take faster routes than ours. Some
- >of the dinosaurs might well have evolved intelligence if their history
- >hadn't been cut short a bit too early, and several other species on Earth
- >are not impossibly far from intelligence. This is getting pretty far into
- >guesswork again, though.
-
- At best that shaves only 60 million years off the timescale of billions.
-
- >>who've thought about the question say that there are perhaps 50 systems
- >>in the galaxy that may have life as we know it.
- >
- >References, please. There have certainly been *much* higher estimates too.
-
- One of Sagan's books quoted this figure. There have been other estimates
- in the thousands to millions for our galaxy, but the factors I listed
- above weed that number down dramatically. One of the greatest unknowns
- is whether life bearing planets naturally evolve intelligent creatures,
- or whether that's a rare accident. We don't have any data to support
- either position very well.
-
- >Also, why insist on it being life as we know it?
-
- Because we wouldn't recognize any other kind. Any lifeform not based on
- carbon chemistry would be very strange indeed.
-
- >The only argument against extraterrestrial life/intelligence that strikes
- >*me* as being particularly telling is the Fermi Paradox: if they're out
- >there, why didn't they colonize this planet long before we evolved?
-
- Assume Einstein is right. Interstellar flight takes longer than the
- time available since the Universe began to visit all the stars. Or,
- we are the *first* technological civilization to evolve in the galaxy.
- Or, technological civilizations self destruct.
-
- Gary
-