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- Path: sparky!uunet!olivea!decwrl!csus.edu!netcomsv!cruzio!snarfy
- From: snarfy@cruzio.santa-cruz.ca.us
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Instant Communications
- Keywords: Snarfy , from the Kirchoff's Law Enforcement team
- Message-ID: <3978@cruzio.santa-cruz.ca.us>
- Date: 31 Jul 92 08:41:27 GMT
- Sender: news@cruzio.santa-cruz.ca.us
- Reply-To: snarfy@cruzio.santa-cruz.ca.us
- Lines: 159
-
-
-
- ____ _ __ __ ? ``The sum of the currents flowing into
- <___ /\ / \ /__\ /__ \__/ /|\ a junction is equal to the sum of the
- ___// \/ --\ / \ / / / | \ currents flowing out of the junction.''
- [_________________________/ / | \ -Gustav Kirchoff (1824-1887)
-
- (..netcom!cruzio!snarfy)
-
- J A Carr writes:
-
- > Your warm food has more momentum and energy (in the thermal motion) that
- > it gained by absorbing the microwave photons energy and momentum.
-
- Snarfy responds:
- Ok professor , I think I understand now. By your definition a mass is
- independent of it's temperature. I've monitored a discussion of this by
- others on the net and I'll quote it here. I believe this involved McIrvin
- and Palmer:
-
- Reference article <mcirvin.711904014@husc8> mcirvin@husc8.harvard.edu
- (Mcirvin)
-
- palmer@sfu.ca (Leigh Palmer) writes:
-
- >>>> "Mass" as you use it
- >>>>is equal to neither inertial nor gravitational mass as those terms apply to
- >>>>any system more complicated than a particle at rest!
-
- Mc:
- >>>Which only illustrates that those concepts are only really useful in
- >>>the context of Newtonian physics, IMHO.
-
- P:
- >>To further confuse the
- >>beginning physics student you could explain that the mass of that lump of
- >>matter is independent of its temperature.
-
- Mc:
- >>Actually, neither definition of mass would be temperature-independent,
- >>if you define it for the whole lump of coal. When you raise the
- >>temperature, the energy in the rest frame increases! The sum of
- >>the masses of all the particles is perhaps temperature-independent,
- >>but as you complained before, that's not the mass of the lump.
-
- P:
- >Exactly my point!
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
- Snarfy to Carr 7/30 :
-
- I once accused you of preferring to confuse people. Perhaps you
- don't *prefer* to do so , but I hope you understand from the
- above that we hadn't postulated mass being independent of
- temperature during the ``inquisition'' hearing (I'm glad you
- found it amusing) therefore hadn't defined our terms yet- so the
- result was confusion on my part.
-
- Anyway ,now that we understand each other,see Kirschoff's law (Header quote
- above)
-
- Rephrasing: At a junction: I(in) = I(out)
-
- I hope we don't have to add qualifiers to this one!
-
- Before proceeding let's deal with Ben Weiner's arguments:
-
- Throughout this discussion I'll use Beiser's ``Physics''
- (Cumming's Publishing, 1973 edition as a reference. Numbers
- after assertions indicate page numbers from this volume. Formulas
- for impedance are from David Leithauser's ``Programs for
- Elecronic Circuit Design''(1986) Radio Shack
-
- >C'mon Snarfy, Ohm's law doesn't apply to everything in the world.
- >It doesn't even apply to lightbulbs (non-ohmic devices).
-
- The only qualifier for Ohm's law is where the ratio V/I is NOT a
- constant and is dependent on the values of V and I. (p.429) In
- the case of a lightbulb the R value of tungsten is temperature
- dependent(p.430). Therefore the ohms value that you measure with
- an ohmmeter , imposing a V of millivolts on the filament to make
- the measurement, is different than the ohms value derived when
- it's operating V is applied (say 120 volts). Nevertheless ,if you
- measure the current at the rated voltage ,the resistance (R)
- value is still calculated as = V/I. (derived from example on
- p.430)
-
- > More to the point, derivations of Ohm's law tend to assume a quasi-static
- > uniform E-field (driving voltage).
-
- On the contrary. AC impedances are evaluated in terms of ohms (p.
- 585). It's a matter of I (Rate of energy transfer) = V (Force)/
- z (impediment to Force) at any given instant in time. Since an AC
- voltage isn't constant ,V(effective) = V(max)/sqrt 2 or .707 of
- V(max) (p.576). After V(eff) is derived this value can be plugged
- into ohms law to determine I(eff) given a known R or z.
-
- Electromagnetic ``waves'' are not really waves, but positive to
- negative variations of V amplitude which take place over periods
- of time and at a given location, usually from a line like
- radiating source element called an antenna (no reference ,
- snarfy's dictum). These variations simply LOOK like waves when
- translated to voltage/time coordinates on an oscilloscope (I hope
- this is obvious). AC Impedances are really derivations from
- applied voltage and resulting current just as in static fields.
- Certainly, I and R values are frequency dependent for any given
- value of L (Inductance) and C (Capacitance), but you still end up
- with I = V/z (z evaluated in ohms).
-
- > If you change the resistance there will still be a delay as the
- > changing E-field propagates through your system at the usual speed: that of
- > light.
-
- The V(eff) of E field doesn't change except at the receiving
- element which may be only a few inches/ feet / meters (whatever)
- in length. Were not concerned with propogation speeds inside the
- receiving element. As far as the SYSTEM (receiver - transmitter)
- is concerned ,the E field may diminish as it propagates (perhaps
- according to the inverse square law, perhaps not as in the case
- of a collimated or coherent beam) but it can remain at a constant
- value as measured from any given point between transmitter and
- receiver. Transfer of information is not performed by a
- variation of the E ( V(eff) ) field as in carrier amplitude
- modulation . We vary current draw by varying the inductance or
- capacitance of the recieving element. A variation of current
- draw may have an effect on the receiver's * LOCAL* E ( V(eff) )
- field, but this need not be detected at the transmitter site.
-
-
- > By the way, don't forget the effects of inductance, possible capacitative
- > resonances, and variable impedance thingies like wet trees in your broadcast
- > circuit.
-
- We will assume a resonant tuned circuit to be the ideal , we've
- discussed inductance ,and we'll steer our beam clear of
- ``thingies''.
-
-
- Now , back to current draw. Again, Kirschoff's law states that
- at a junction I(in) = I(out) . Since a junction is usually
- considered to be a place where three conducting elements are
- joined , consider a system of a transmitter 18.63 miles distant
- from two receiving antennas . At resonance , the receiving
- antennas each ``drain'' 1/10 of the available output of the
- transmiter. The rest of the transmitter's energy is ``wasted'' on
- heating the atmosphere or distant intergalactic nebulas. If one
- of the antennas is suddenly oriented away from the transmitter,
- the same mass still stands between the transmitter and the
- distant galactic nebula and the atmosphere beyond the antenna.
- The entire resonant system is now detuned ,however, because of
- the effective removal of one of the inductive elements from the
- system. If the effect of this detuning took the time necessary
- for light to traverse the 18.63 miles to register at the
- transmitter, then you would have a violation of Kirchoff's law
- which endures for .1 milliseconds ( a virtual eternity ,
- leptonically speaking).
-
- What more can a snarfy say? If we can break Kirchoff's Law, for
- even .1 millisecond, what next? Total Anarchy in the physics
- world ? Heavens forbid!
-