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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!news.univie.ac.at!email!news
- From: gast@next.ben-fh.tuwien.ac.at (Gast)
- Subject: Re: Relative uncertainty principle?
- Message-ID: <1992Jul31.085041.1635@email.tuwien.ac.at>
- Sender: news@email.tuwien.ac.at
- Nntp-Posting-Host: next.ben-fh.tuwien.ac.at
- Organization: Technical University of Vienna
- References: <ARI.HUTTUNEN.92Jul31031010@saha.hut.fi>
- Distribution: sci
- Date: Fri, 31 Jul 1992 08:50:41 GMT
- Lines: 112
-
- In article <ARI.HUTTUNEN.92Jul31031010@saha.hut.fi> Ari.Huttunen@hut.fi
- (Ari Huttunen) writes:
-
- [ shortened ]
-
- > Consider a two-slit experiment (like the one shown in the July issue
- > of Scientific American that I have lying on the table). If you
- observe/know
- > the photon all the way from the light source, through one of the slits
- and
- > to the detector, you know with exactness that the photon is indeed a
- particle,
- > but the wave-personality has become uncertain. Thus you cannot detect
- any
- > interference pattern. [ ... ]
-
- Well that's the first experiment: You have a detector at at least one of
- the slits and one at the screen.
-
- > [ ... ] If you
- > wait longer and observe only the effect of photons hitting the detector,
- > you will notice an interference pattern. You now know the photon is a
- wave,
- > but you have lost knowledge of its particle-quality, thus you don't know
- > which slit it went through. (At the right of the picture.) If you
- observe
- > the particles hitting the detector but not which slit they went through,
- you
- > will have some knowledge of the particle-quality (you observe distinct
- > particles) and some knowledge of the wave-quality (you can calculate the
- > interference pattern by observing very many of the distinct particles.)
-
- That's the second experiment: you remove the dtetector(s) from the slit(s)
- and measure only the photons on the screen.
-
- Untill now, everything is clear: There are two different kinds of
- experiments which _cannot_be_performed_at_the_same_time_. The
- 'personality' of the photon (see later) is dependent on the kind of the
- experiment.
-
- > But why did I write 'relative' in the subject?
-
- Now the mess starts:
-
- > Think about how the laboratory is observing the photon (as a wave). The
- two
- > slits are uncertain through which of them the individual photon went
- through.
- > Now, think what the photon observes.
- > The photon knows exactly where and when it goes.
- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
- .. Oups: Quite an intelligent kind of a photon, isn't it?
- The key point is that the photon _does_not_know_ its way. As a matter of
- fact there are experiments (with neutrons) that show that
- _single_particles_ can interfere with themselves (-> Ref 1). This
- confusing explaination becomes clearer if you talk about waves instead of
- particles and then you are back to the dualism.
-
- > It is the laboratory that is affected by uncertainty. The photon
- > would see the two slits so vaguely that they would seem to be only one
- slit,
- > through which the photon goes.
-
- Good idea. Yet, how do you explain the following phenomenas:
-
- 1) The interference if you don't measure which slit is passed
- 2) The dependence of the outcome on whether you measure the passed slit or
- not.
- 3) What about two small slits in a large distance?
-
- > Both the wave-quality of the photon and the location in space of the
- slits
- > are large scale phenomenon, the particle-quality of the photon and its
- > exact path through the slits are small scale phenomenon. You cannot
- measure
- > both small and large scale events exactly.
-
- Wave-qualtity means: momentum defined - position undefined
- particle-quality means: position defined - mementum undefined
-
- This is the explaination to
-
- > What if we say:
- > "It is impossible to know simultaneously and with exactness
- > both the personality of the photon as a wave and as a particle."
-
- Ref 1: At last some comment on the neutron-experiment performed by Rauch,
- Zeilinger at the Atominstitut of Vienna, Austria:
-
- Neutrons are sendt through an interferometer with such a low flux that
- only one after the othe could pass it. Yet there were interferences
- observed (the spin was measured).
-
- Remark: The dependence of the outcome on the kind of experiment leads to
- some difficulties with special relativity:
- Suppose you seperate two wavefronts of one particle in space rather far
- from each other like in the two-slit-experiment. Then you randomnly decide
- wheter you perform a Type 1 or a Type 2 experiment as described above. You
- can arrange the detector (which is turned on and off randomnly) on one
- slit so that the other slit won't know in time (with c as the
- signal-velocity) which kind of experiment is performed. Yet it _has_ to
- know because of the outcome of the experiment depends on the type.
-
- So much fun with this
-
- Harry
- --
- +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
- ! Harald Lakatha ! Please add to 'subject': !
- ! gast@next.ben-fh.tuwien.ac.at ! 'An Harald - nicht loeschen' !
- +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
-