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- Path: sparky!uunet!usc!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!news.acns.nwu.edu!uicvm.uic.edu!u53644
- Organization: University of Illinois at Chicago
- Date: Monday, 27 Jul 1992 15:13:14 CDT
- From: <U53644@uicvm.uic.edu>
- Message-ID: <92209.151314U53644@uicvm.uic.edu>
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Re: Earthquake's amplified?
- References: <1992Jul24.173220.21793@hellgate.utah.edu>
- Lines: 36
-
- The explanation that I'm familiar with (and please check this with a
- geophysicist) is that stresses build up along a fault line because there are
- both forces trying to move the rocks on either side in different directions
- (or one side in one direction, and the other not at all), there is some
- resistance to motion (friction; in the case of the San Andreas fault, the edge
- between the Pacific and North American plates runs past the end of a mountain
- chain, which acts as a ratchet, if you think of the slowly rotating Pacific
- plate as a wheel). Stresses build up until a slip occurs, rock formations
- break, etc. The violence occurs because it takes a lot of force to initiate
- slippage, but once it starts, the resitance to further motion is reduced.
-
- For example : Suppose that you have a wooden block covered with
- sandpaper, and you are trying to push it across a floor. You
- gradually shove harder and harder, until you overcome the static
- frictional force, and it starts sliding. You'll feel a little
- jerk as the block picks up speed - it's sliding more freely now,
- and the force you are putting on it (the force needed to start
- motion) is now greater than the force needed to maintain a constant
- velocity, allowing for a slight acceleration.
-
- That slight jerk is analagous to an earthquake.
-
- Predictable ? To some extent, if you know how much stress it takes to break
- the relevant rock formations, and at what rate stress is buliding up, you
- can make some educated guesses (expressed as probabilities). In my part of
- the country (Midwestern US), it takes >a lot< of force to break those rocks,
- and it builds up slowly, so major earthquakes are very infrequent (centuries
- apart), but on the one time in recorded history when they hit (1811-1812, if
- I recall correctly, epicenter near New Madrid, Missouri) they were extremely
- powerful.
-
- But like I said, please check this out with a professional, I might have gotten
- this wrong. (There is a geology group, right?)
-
- Joseph B. Dunphy
-
-