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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!galois!riesz!jbaez
- From: jbaez@riesz.mit.edu (John C. Baez)
- Subject: Re: Twins Paradox Resolved
- Message-ID: <1992Jul23.163826.5848@galois.mit.edu>
- Sender: news@galois.mit.edu
- Nntp-Posting-Host: riesz
- Organization: MIT Department of Mathematics, Cambridge, MA
- References: <1992Jul22.153702.25130@galois.mit.edu> <1992Jul23.050957.6557@nuscc.nus.sg>
- Date: Thu, 23 Jul 92 16:38:26 GMT
- Lines: 49
-
- In article <1992Jul23.050957.6557@nuscc.nus.sg> matmcinn@nuscc.nus.sg (Mcinnes B T (Dr)) writes:
- >John Baez: What, more reticence? I'm sure I speak for many when I say
- >that I would be very interested to hear about those 3 hours of debate on
- >the twins. Please post a summary. Thanks rett
-
- My reticence is never more than momentary. We started out talking about
- relativistic free particles and got into the twin "paradox". I think
- the upshot was what I described in a previous post. Namely, the only
- reason why one might expect the twins to have the same age upon
- meeting each other again is some sort of symmetry argument. When you
- realize that one computes a twin's age by calculating the length of his
- worldline using the Minkowski metric, one should realize that a symmetry
- argument is only applicable when there is an isometry of Minkowski space
- mapping one twins worldline to the other. I.e., when their worldlines
- look the same up to translations, rotations, and Lorentz boosts.
- There's never any way to map a geodesic (unaccelerated worldline) to a
- nongeodesic (accelerated worldline) so if one twin has felt acceleration
- and the other not it's clear that no symmetry argument applies.
- However, in fancier spacetimes like the torus world there may even be
- two timelike geodesics that cannot be mapped to one another via
- isometries, so one can have two unaccelerated twins who meet with
- different ages.
-
- We also discussed the version of the twin paradox that von Flandern likes so
- much. Here of course the trick is that simultaneity is an
- frame-dependent concept. We also went over the extra things you have to
- do to take into account what relativistic observers actually SEE -
- namely, take into account the time it takes light to get there. (All
- the things we SEE at t=0 is a different notion than all the
- things happening at t=0 in our frame.) Here the famous case is the fact
- that one will SEE a rapidly moving sphere as having a perfectly round
- profile, despite the Lorentz length contraction.
-
- I also showed them how to rapidly draw Lorentz-boosted coordinate
- systems in 2-d spacetime diagrams, an invaluable skill. Hint: call your
- coordinates t and x. A Lorentz boost will map the diagonal lines t = x
- and t = -x to themselves. Since a Lorentz boost is volume preserving,
- it simply stretches out the line t = x by some factor k while squishing
- in the line t = -x by the factor 1/k. I.e. in lightcone coordinates
- u = x+t, v = t-x, we get something like
-
- u -> u/k
- v -> kv
-
- Everyone who hasn't done this twice already is advised to take the
- situation von Flandern describes and draw a spacetime diagram of it
- first in "our" coordinate system and then the coordinate system in which
- the astronaut is at rest, to see his explanation of why he's so much
- younger than us stay-at-homes.
-