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- Path: sparky!uunet!mcsun!uknet!cam-cl!pavo.csi.cam.ac.uk!camcus!gjm11
- From: gjm11@cus.cam.ac.uk (G.J. McCaughan)
- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Subject: Re: Lattice points in a polytope? (How to find all of them?)
- Message-ID: <1992Jul25.145230.18897@infodev.cam.ac.uk>
- Date: 25 Jul 92 14:52:30 GMT
- References: <1992Jul24.132125.155015@ns1.cc.lehigh.edu>
- Sender: news@infodev.cam.ac.uk (USENET news)
- Organization: U of Cambridge, England
- Lines: 46
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-
- In article <1992Jul24.132125.155015@ns1.cc.lehigh.edu>, fc03@ns1.cc.lehigh.edu (Frederick W. Chapman) writes:
-
- > Let S be the simplex (the simplest example of a convex
- > polytope) defined by the inequalities
- >
- > x_i >= 0 for i = 1, 2,..., n
- > x_1 + x_2 + ... + x_n <= M
- >
- > where n is a positive integer, and M is a non-negative integer. The number
- > of integer lattice points inside S is given by the binomial coefficient
- >
- > ( M+n )
- > ( )
- > ( n )
- >
- > which is an n-th degree polynomial in M.
- >
- > ...........................................................................
- >
- > Pardon my boyish exuberence, but I think this a nifty fact. How does one
- > go about proving this -- by induction on M?
-
- I'm sure you can prove it by induction on M, but I think there's a nice
- combinatorial proof, something like this:
-
- What we are asking for is sequences of n non-negative numbers whose sum is
- most M. Equivalently, n *positive* numbers whose sum is at most M+n (write
- N instead of M+n from now on).
-
- So, draw N dots in a row:
-
- . . . . . . . .
-
- and consider the spaces after the dots:
-
- . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
-
- and observe that choosing n positive numbers adding up to at most N is
- the same thing as choosing n of those |s; then x_i is the number of dots
- between the i'th | and the one before, and the sum of the x_i is the number
- of dots left of the right-most |.
-
- How many ways are there to choose n |s out of those N? Answer: "N choose n",
- which is the answer given.
-
- I think this proof is even prettier than the result itself.
-