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- From: tcmay@netcom.com (Timothy C. May)
- Subject: Re: Definitions, Nanotech.
- Message-ID: <!hjm1jn.tcmay@netcom.com>
- Date: Sat, 25 Jul 92 07:00:37 GMT
- Organization: Netcom - Online Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)
- References: <BrwtJo.5FI@usenet.ucs.indiana.edu>
- Lines: 92
-
- alyoung@silver.ucs.indiana.edu (amy young) writes:
- : It's interesting that I've asked people just *what* is
- : nanotechnology... it's thrown around quite frequently, but the two
- : people I personally know who blab it all the time can't give a good
- : definition of the word... Anyone want to try?
- :
- : amyx
- :
-
- You asked for a definition of nanotechnology. First, there's a newsgroup,
- sci.nanotech, you might want to look at. Second, there have been many articles
- in the popular press on nanotech, complete with useful diagrams to better get
- the idea across. And I cite two books below.
-
- But I'll go ahead and say a few things about nanotech. Understand that the term
- means different things to different people:
-
- *To some, nanotechnology is any technology that deals with things at the scale
- of "nanometers" (10^-9 meter, or .001 micron). This includes chemistry,
- molecular biology, materials science, etc. Several labs have "nanoscale" or
- "nanotechnology" in their names, and may have little to do with other
- interpretations (especially those in this group!).
-
- *To others, nanotechnology implies molecular scale machines, cell repair,
- superstrong materials, abundant material goods, and all kinds of wondrous
- things. This may indeed happen. For more on this, see the widely available book
- "Unbounding the Future," by Drexler, Peterson, and Pergamit.
-
- *Eric Drexler defines it thusly: "Mankind is on the threshold fo the greatest
- innovation in the history of science and technology: the ability to build
- molecules atom by atom. These molecular building blocks can then be arranged in
- any combination of patterns to produce every conceivable substance of device.
- This new technology--called nanotechnology--will also enable scientists to
- repair damaged human cells." ("Engines of Creation," 1986)
-
- Nanotechnology is a hybrid field, to the extent it's really a field at all
- today, made up of contributions from several areas:
-
- -the behavior of mechanical objects (rods, gears, etc.) at nanometer scales.
- Atoms are spaced at fractions of a nm, so nm-scale objects may consist of
- 10-100 atoms on a side. Drexler will be having a technical book published later
- this year which goes into great detail on these kinds of things.
-
- -the design of such objects, especially for complex machines (one of the
- fundamental goals is the "assembler," a machine which can make a large class of
- other machines, possibly including replicas of itself, from basic raw
- materials...such a machine is beyond our current understanding).
-
- -the chemistry of these small structures (surface effects, intermolecular
- forces, etc.)
-
- -applications to, and contributions from, biology
-
- The current form of nanotechnology is mostly due to Eric Drexler, who wrote
- several seminal articles about ten years ago on the design of nanometer-scale
- machines. For example, he postulated a "rod-logic" computer that operated much
- faster than electronic computers by using logic gates implemented with rods
- made mostly of carbon. (I was a device physicist at Intel at the time and was
- convinced the physics was sound, despite the impracticality.)
-
- Drexler's book, "Engines of Creation," was published in 1986 and presented a
- more popular and visionary look at nanotech. Indeed, you'll find that most
- nanotech supporters believe nanotech will change the world (it will, someday)
- and will make their other causes (life extension, colonization of space, etc.)
- possible.
-
- The discovery of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) about the time
- Drexler's book was published did a lot to make the idea of moving atoms around
- one at a time seem more plausible. The atomic force microscope (AFM) has
- actually been used to write nanometer-sized messages on surfaces (you may
- recall seeing "IBM" spelled out in atoms).
-
- I should note, skeptically, that we are a long way from building a single gear
- or rod, let alone a complex assembly. Some believe the "assembler breakthrough"
- (assemblers building other assemblers, etc.) will happen in the next 15-20
- years. Perhaps. But it will eventually occur, barring catastrophes, and that's
- what excites many people.
-
- There are many issues...scientific, technological, economic, moral, cultural,
- and so on.
-
- This should be enough to get you started.
-
- --
- ..........................................................................
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