NetNews Usenet Archive 1992 #16

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Newsgroups: comp.editors Path: sparky!uunet!math.fu-berlin.de!wolff From: wolff@inf.fu-berlin.de (Thomas Wolff) Subject: Editor mined (Unix, VMS, MSDOS) - easy, solid, non-8-bit-obstructing (1/4) Message-ID: <42I54HD@math.fu-berlin.de> Sender: news@math.fu-berlin.de (Math Department) Organization: Free University of Berlin, Germany Date: Tue, 28 Jul 1992 15:02:39 GMT Lines: 1118 #! /bin/sh : This is a sharchive -- extract the files by running through sh echo ---------------------- extracting mined.txt ----------------- sed 's/^,//' << \EOSED > mined.txt , ,In response to recent requests for a free, simple, and solid editor ,(where the problem is: emacs is not simple, most public domain ,contributions are not solid, and vi is not an editor), ,I wish to contribute my adaptation of mined. , ,Some notes about mined: Its original version is the editor that comes along ,with Andrew S. Tanenbaum's freely available operating system minix. ,It is small, quick, and easy to use. However, when I found the version one ,of my work-mates had adapted to vt100 terminals for use on Sun machines, ,it was not solid either nor was it flexible enough to meet my needs. ,So I spent some effort into mined (enabling arbitrary terminals, windows ,with dynamic size changes, full 8 bit compatibility and support, function ,keys, etc), improved its user interface, and made it behave safely (removed ,many bugs and crash situations). , ,The result has the following basic characteristics: ,- type in as you'd imagine, no mode switching, logical positioning, i.e. the , text appears where the cursor is, not at some funny other place like in vi ,- cursor movement: basic functions available in (Wordmaster-/Wordstar-like) , graphic control key layout as well as the keyboards cursor movement keys; , use of a "hop key" for fortifying movement commands, thus making it easy , to remember twice the amount of basic functions (similar to Wordstar's ^Q) ,- two key commands (starting with escape) for the less frequent functions ,- fully functioning with all terminals (using termcap/terminfo); also works , with curses but that was only built in for a quick port to VMS; curses , should not be selected in unix versions for two reasons: the output , behaviour seems to be clumsier than with direct terminal control and , many unix curses implementations still dare to obstruct the use of , 8-bit character sets ,- fully functioning in windows which may be resized at any time and the , editor will react immediately and install a correct screen image; the , cursor stays at the point of text where it was ,- multi-file editing ,- can be positioned on screen with mouse if terminal sends control sequence ,- no accidental quit without save or overwrite of file not read before without , prior prompting in any way of exiting/writing ,- search functions, replacement functions with or without confirmation dialogue ,- suspend command with automatic file saving ,- ability to read text from standard input or to write it to standard output ,- change working directory / change file name commands ,- cut/copy/paste/write-paste-buffer-to-file commands with appending versions , and an inter-window paste (actually paste between invocations of mined) ,- most significant error messages (as a contrast to usual unix commands) ,- start at specified line number possible; view only mode available ,- panic handling on external interrupts with attempts to save text ,- runs on Unix, VMS, and MSDOS. The VMS and MSDOS adaptations are not yet , perfect. The MSDOS version needs an extended ANSI driver with line insert , and delete line functions (e.g. NNANSI) , ,This version of mined is from July, 1992. , ,Thomas Wolff ,Freie Universit:at Berlin ,Institut f:ur Informatik ,D-1000 Berlin ,wolff@inf.fu-berlin.de , EOSED echo ---------------------- extracting mined.help ----------------- sed 's/^,//' << \EOSED > mined.help ,MINED EDITOR MINED , , ,NAME , mined - a text editor , ,SYNTAX , mined [ -v ] [ +linenumber ] [ filename ] [ more filenames ... ] , , ,DESCRIPTION , An easy-to-use and natural in appearance text editor. , Its original version was designed for Andrew S Tanenbaum's operating , system Minix. , , Startup features: , - with given file name (as usual) or multiple file names , - without given file name , - reading from a pipe (reading text from standard input) , - writing into a pipe (writing edited text to standard output) , Examples: , mined x - edits the file x , cmd | mined - edits the output of "cmd", file name for saving , can be given later , mined x > y - takes the contents of file x and edits it , for writing into y , mined | mail nn - edits a text to be mailed , cmd1 | mined | cmd2 - modifies text in between a pipe from , program cmd1 (output) to cmd2 (as input) , Startup options: , -v Mined starts in view only mode. The text cannot be modified. , +number Mined positions to the given line number. , , Basic functionality , Mined is always in insert mode. Commands are single control characters, , double key commands starting with ESCAPE, and a collection of function , keys (currently installed for the VT220, SUN, and Iris terminals). , As a specialty, note the prefixing 'HOP KEY' which stretches the effect , of some cursor and screen motion commands just as you would expect; this , provides for more command flexibility without too much key remembering. , Control key layout in the current version is 'geographically' oriented , on the left side of the keyboard for the main motion commands, an idea , probably originating from the 'WordMaster' and 'WordStar' editors. , On SUN terminals, also the right-hand cursor block is assigned the , most important movement functions as follows: , +------+-------+------+ , | LnDn | ^ | PgUp | , +------+-------+------+ , | <- | HOP | -> | , +------+-------+------+ , | LnUp | v | PgDn | , +------+-------+------+ , , Note that line-feeds (end-of-line character) are treated like any , ordinary character except that they cannot occur in search strings. , This drawback (not to be able to search / replace lineends naturally) , seems to be a tradition of line-oriented unix tools and I was not , willing to spend that much time going into very special parts of mined. , , Every care has been taken to prevent loss of the edited text in case , of save errors or accidental quit commands etc. Also, if a command is , given to overwrite a file not previously read in, mined prompts for , confirmation. , In the "write to standard output" mode, only one save to standard output , can be performed, so there is a problem in the case that more than one , saving actions occur; the first save (whether by a write, edit, , or suspend command) of the buffer is written to standard output, , any subsequent one is treated as usual (with empty file name). , , Before regarding the command keys and their functions, , note the following general remarks: , , The HOP function , This function, triggered by any of the HOP keys, fortifies (or modifies) , functions as follows. To achieve the combined function, first press , any key that is assigned the HOP function, then any key assigned , the second function: , , HOP - char left move cursor to start of current line , HOP - char right move cursor to end of current line , HOP - line up move cursor to top of screen , HOP - line down move cursor to bottom of screen , HOP - scroll up scroll half a screen up , HOP - scroll down scroll half a screen down , HOP - page up move to start of file , HOP - page down move to end of file , HOP - word left move cursor to previous ";" or "." , HOP - word right move cursor to next ";" or "." , HOP - set mark go to mark , HOP - copy/cut copy or cut, but append to buffer , HOP - save buffer save buffer, but append to file , HOP - paste buffer paste "inter-window buffer", , which is the last saved buffer by any invocation of mined on the , same machine by the same user. , HOP - edit next file edit last file , HOP - edit previous file edit first file , HOP - suspend suspend without writing file , , Typing in 8-bit characters in absence of appropriate keyboard , Some function keys can be used as prefix keys to change the character , assigned to the following key to a diacritic or special character: , On a SUN terminal, six diacritic prefix keys are provided: , R1 (grave): adds grave accent where applicable: αΦ∞≥∙ └╚╠╥┘ , R2 (circumflex): adds circumflex accent where applicable: ΓΩε⌠√ ┬╩╬╘█ , R3 (acute): adds acute accent where applicable: ßΘφ≤·² ┴╔═╙┌▌ , R4 (diaeresis): adds diaeresis where applicable: Σδ∩÷ⁿ ─╦╧╓▄ , R5 (tilde): adds tilde where applicable: π±⌡ ├╤╒ , R6 (angstrom): a╗σ, A╗┼, e╗µ, E╗╞, o╗°, O╗╪ , Where these rules do not apply, any of these prefix keys makes the , following default transformations: , s╗▀, c╗τ, C╗╟, n╗±, N╗╤, d╗≡, D╗╨, p╗■, P╗▐, m╗╡, , l╗ú, L╗ú, /╗ó, $╗ó, Y╗Ñ, X╗ñ, &╗º, #╗╢, !╗í, ?╗┐, , <╗½, >╗╗, x╗╫, :╗≈, +╗▒, 0╗░, 1╗╣, 2╗▓, 3╗│, , *╗╖, .╗╖, ,╗╕, "╗¿, '╗┤, _╗», -╗¡, \╗¼, |╗ª , On a VT100 terminal, the F6-key is assigned the diaeresis , prefix function (including the default transformations). , If you have an appropriate keyboard, you can of course also type in , any 8-bit character directly or using the Compose/Combine key. , , , Summary of mined commands , ========================= , Alternative commands or functions keys are listed in further lines , with an indentation for better orientation. , , Cursor and screen motion , ------------------------ , ^E Move cursor 1 line up , up-arrow , ^X Move cursor 1 line down , down-arrow , ^S ^H Move cursor 1 character left , left-arrow , ^D Move cursor 1 character right , right-arrow , ^A Move backward to start of previous word , ^F Move forward to start of next word , ^R Scroll backward 1 page (Top line becomes bottom line) , PrevScreen (vt100) , PgDn (R9, sun) , ^C Scroll forward 1 page (Bottom line becomes top line) , NextScreen , PgDn (R15, sun) , ^W Scroll screen backward 1 line , PF2 (vt100) , Home (R7, sun) , ^Z Scroll screen forward 1 line , PF3 (vt100) , End (R13, sun) , ^Gnn Move to a line (prompts for line number) , ^Gnn% Move to position in text determined by percentage , if ^G is not immediately followed by a digit, it works as HOP key , for the following command if applicable. , ESC ] ^G ^] Move to the position previously marked by ^] , ^Q HOP key , ^G (if not followed by a digit) , PF1 (vt100) , "5" (R11, sun) , , On terminals or windows which can transform mouse button pressings into , key sequences, direct positioning on the current screen is also available: , (e.g. crttool) , left button position only , middle button position and set mark (^] command) , right button position and copy text (^Y command) , , Modifying text , -------------- , <printable char> Insert the character, , <RET or LF char> linefeed (newline), , <TAB char> or tab at cursor position , ^V <char> Enter control character (also in prompted input) , ^O Make new line at current position , <DEL char> Delete previous character , ^B Delete next character , ^T Delete next word , ^^ Delete previous word , ^K Delete tail of line; if at end of line, delete linefeed , , Text block and buffer operations , -------------------------------- , ^] Set mark (to remember the current location) , Select (vt100) , Stop (L1, sun) , ^U Cut text between and current position; save in buffer , Remove (vt100) , Cut (L10, sun) , ^Y Copy text between mark and current position into buffer , Do (vt100) , Copy (L6, sun) , ^P Paste contents of buffer to current position , InsertHere (vt100) , Paste (L8, sun) , Ins (sun) , ESC b Copy contents of buffer into a file , ESC i Insert file at current position , ESC p Print contents of buffer (to default printer) , ESC c Perform command (prompted for) with buffer as input , For modifications of the "cut", "copy", "paste" and , "copy buffer to file" commands by the HOP function see above. , , Search , ------ , ESC / Find Search forward (prompt for regular expression) , ESC \ Search backward (prompt for regular expression) , ^N Search for next occurence (previous expression and direction) , Find (vt100) , Find (L9, sun) , ESC s (Global) Substitute str1 by str2 (prompts for each string) , ESC r (Global) Replace str1 by str2 with confirmation prompting , ESC l (Line) Substitute string1 by string2 , , Special functions in a search string: , . matches any character. , ^ (at begin of pattern) restricts match to the begin of a line. , $ (at end of pattern) restricts match to the end of a line. , [<cset>] matches any one of a set of characters; , the set may be given by listing elements, , denoting a range <c1>-<c2>, , or negating the whole set [^<cset>]. , \<c> matches character <c> literally. , <pat>* where <pat> is any one of the defined patterns, , matches a (zero or more times) repetition of this pattern. , Special function in a replacement string: , & is replaced by the matched pattern to be replaced. , , Miscellaneous , ------------- , ESC w Save (write back) current text to file , ESC e Edit another file (prompt for save if current text changed) , ESC v View another file (prompt for save if current text changed) , ESC q Quit the editor (prompt for save if current text changed) , ESC ESC Exit the editor (save if current text changed) , ESC + Edit the next file in the list of file names , ESC - Edit the previous file in the list of file names , ESC # Ask for index into the list of file names and edit that file , ESC = count Repeat a command count times (prompts for count) , ESC count Repeat a command count times (prompts for rest of count) , ^\ Abort current command (also while prompting or searching) , ESC Abort current command only if prompting , ESC ? Print the current status of the file , ESC d Show working directory / change to another one , ESC n Change file name associated with edited text (does not , affect the file previously being edited) , ESC . Redraw the screen , ESC z Suspend editor process; first write back file if modified , (no write if HOPped or given empty file name on prompting) , ESC ! Fork off a shell and wait for it to finish , ESC h Show (this) help file , Help (vt100 / sun) , When entering file names, the leading ~/ notation is accepted. , ,ENVIRONMENT , Concerning some especially stupid terminal drivers , If there is a need to ignore ^S and ^Q keys (in case of stupid keyboard , drivers which use them, but don't filter them out), the environment , variable NoCtrlSQ or NoControlSQ must be set. , , Help display selection , Mined looks up the environment variable PAGER or uses 'more' for showing , the help file. The complete command to show it can be changed by setting , the environment variable MINEDHELP (e.g. to 'less .../mined.help'). , , Print direction , The environment variable MINEDPRINT may contain a print command to be , used instead of the default (which is operating system dependant). The , variable must contain the string %s in the place for the filename. , , Line contents indications , Lines which are too long for the screen are usually indicated by a , '╗' or '>' character. This can be changed by setting the environment , variable MINEDSHIFT. If this variable contains a second character, , that one will be used to indicate lines shifted out left off the screen. , However, moving to and operating on that position will not be changed. , , If an environment variable MINEDRET is set, its contents (one character) , is placed as an indicator at the end of every text line on screen. , If MINEDRET contains another character it is used to fill the rest of , the screen lines, leaving out the position for the MINEDSHIFT mark, , which can however be filled with a third character from MINEDRET. , I recommend to set MINEDRET to '½' for people who want to see line ends , or '╖╖' (or '╖╖╖' or '╖╖½') for people who like Siemens terminals. , Other nice variations are '½░', '½¿', or '╢¼'. , If a third MINEDRET character is used, in some cases of line length the , appearance at the end of the screen line is a matter of taste. , , If visible display of TAB characters is desired, the environment , variable MINEDTAB can be set (e.g. to '╖'). , , Buffer file names , For the paste buffer, the inter-window paste buffer, and the panic file, , environment information as usual on the respective operating system is , used to build the names. (Unix: TMPDIR, USER; VMS: SYS$SCRATCH, SYS$LOGIN, , USER; MSDOS: TEMP, TMP) , , Terminal type , The Unix terminal type is determined over the environment variable TERM. , , Behaviour modification , If the environment variable MINEDMULT exists the exit command (Esc Esc) , continues with editing the next file (like Esc +). , , Highlight mode (MSDOS only) , The ANSI codes for selecting normal and exposed display can be chosen , with the environment variable MINEDCOL. The two selections are separated , by a space. Each selection is a semicolon-separated list of the code , values. The default behaviour corresponds to the setting , set MINEDCOL=7 27 , Example: Green on red text, red on green status: set MINEDCOL=34;42 32;44 , ,More special MSDOS notes: , The default colour setting depends on an extended ANSI driver , (like NNANSI) as does the scroll down function anyway. Unfortunately, , there is no way to find out the current colour setting nor is there an , inverse video mode (only a fixed black on white mode) so that it is , impossible to implement just inverse display for highlighting. , , Mined finds out the current screen size on startup. Unfortunately, some , part of the Turbo-C runtime system sets the screen into text mode, so , that no editing in the extended size modes (e.g., 44x132 etc) is possible. , , PCDOS has this well-hated memory limitation which limits the size of , editable files to currently ca. 200K. If its maximal size is exceeded , it ungratefully terminates but saves all your text into the panic-file. , These two restrictions (whole file in memory, no smooth memory overflow , handling) do not matter in the Unix and VMS versions so they have not , been taken care of so far; sorry. , ,DIAGNOSTICS , In all cases where it is considered sensible, the appropriate message , of a system error occurred is displayed (instead of printing numerical , hieroglyphs or indistinguished commonplace messages as many other , UNIX commands do). , ,BUGS , When lines are shifted on the display while moving around in a very , small window, positioning errors and display garbage may occur. , , Mined cannot edit a pipe file and hangs if you try to do so. (But it , can insert or write to a pipe and is interruptable by ^\ then.) , Mined can neither edit nor insert or write to device files such as tty. , ,FILES , /usr/man/catl/mined.l This help file , /tmp/mined.$$[a-z] Temporary file for buffer , /tmp/mined.$USER File for inter-window buffer EOSED echo ---------------------- extracting mined.hilf ----------------- sed 's/^,//' << \EOSED > mined.hilf , , Kurzeinfⁿhrung in die Benutzung des Editors MINED , und ErlΣuterung der wichtigsten Kommandos , , , Aufruf , , In der Kommandozeile tippe: , mined <Dateiname> , , wobei anstelle von <Dateiname> der Name der vorhandenen oder , zu erstellenden Datei einzugeben ist. , , , Einfⁿhrende Beschreibung , , Nach Start des Editors wird der (leere oder aus einer Datei , geladene) Text im internen Buffer des Editors am Bildschirm , angezeigt. An der Stelle, wo sich der Cursor befindet, kann , in natⁿrlicher Weise beliebiger Text eingefⁿgt werden und , mit den Positionierungstasten sowie Control-Tasten kann sich , ⁿber den Text der gesamten Datei nach Belieben bewegt werden. , Hat die Tastatur eine 9er-Cursorblock, so sollten dessen Tasten , mit folgenden Funktionen belegt sein: , , +------+-------+------+ , | LnDn | ^ | PgUp | , +------+-------+------+ , | <- | Hop | -> | , +------+-------+------+ , | LnUp | v | PgDn | , +------+-------+------+ , , Mit Hilfe der (mit Richtungs-Pfeilen bezeichneten) Tasten , des Cursor-Blocks kann sich ⁿber den Text der , gesamten Datei nach Belieben bewegt werden. Die Tasten , orientieren sich dabei am Inhalt der Datei (und nicht am , Bildschirm). Das hei▀t: , Wenn die Zeile ⁿber den Bildschirmrand hinausgeht und ich , mich dorthin bewegen will, wird die Anzeige dieser Zeile , entsprechend verschoben. Bin ich wirklich am Ende der Zeile, , so geht die 'Pfeil-rechts'-Taste an den Anfang der nΣchsten , Zeile. Bin ich in der letzten Bildschirmzeile und will nach , unten, so wird der Bildschirminhalt zu diesem Zweck nach , oben verschoben und so weiter. , , Natⁿrlich kann ich auch mit den Tasten 'PgDn' und 'PgUp' , seitenweise in der Datei blΣttern. , Praktisch ist das wortweise Weitergehen mit Control-F , (nΣchstes Wort) oder Control-A (vorheriges Wort). , Au▀erdem kann ich mit den Tasten des Cursor-Blocks, die , 'Home' bzw. 'End' beschrieben sind, den Dateiinhalt am , Bildschirm nach unten bzw. oben verschieben. , , Jetzt zum Editieren: Wenn ich an der Stelle, wo ich gerade bin, , etwas einfⁿgen m÷chte, dann tippe ich das einfach da hin. , , Die M÷glichkeiten zu positionieren, werden auf einfache Weise , vervielfΣltigt durch die 'VerstΣrkertaste', die jede danach , betΣtigte Positioniertaste in ihrer Wirkung verstΣrkt. Auf den , PCs wurde diese Funktion auf die Taste 'Ins' gelegt. Die , genauen Funktionen in Kombination mit der VerstΣrkertaste , entnehme bitte der Zusammenfassung der Kommandos weiter unten. , , Von Wichtigkeit ist auch das L÷schen von Text: ein Zeichen , links vom Cursor (meist das zuletzt getippte Zeichen) wird mit , der Taste 'Del' gel÷scht (auch z.B. wenn es ein Zeilenwechsel , war). Das ganze nΣchste Wort kann mit Control-T gel÷scht werden. , Control-K l÷scht alles bis zum Ende der Zeile; wenn ich bereits , dort bin, l÷scht es jedoch den Zeilenwechsel und fⁿgt somit , zwei Zeilen zusammen. , , Um das Editieren zu beenden und den Editor zu verlassen, , drⁿcke zweimal die 'Escape'-Taste: Esc Esc . Der (geΣnderte) , Dateiinhalt wird automatisch in die Datei zurⁿckgeschrieben. , Will ich nur den Inhalt wegschreiben, danach aber weiter , editieren, so drⁿcke ich Esc w (w wie write). Schlie▀lich , kann ich noch mit Esc q (q wie quit) den Editor verlassen, , ohne den neuen Inhalt wegzuschreiben, werde jedoch nochmal , gefragt, ob ich das nicht doch lieber m÷chte. , , Zum Suchen eines Textstⁿckes ist das Kommando Esc / geeignet. , Es fragt nach der zu suchenden Zeichenfolge, die mit einem , Return abzuschlie▀en ist. Will ich dasselbe nochmal suchen, , so drⁿcke ich einfach Control-N. , , , Umlaute und Sonderzeichen , werden am SUN-Terminal mit den PrΣfixtasten R1 bis R6 eingegeben , (R4 fⁿr Umlaut oder ▀); am VT100-Terminal nimm F6. , , SonderfΣlle , Ist beim Wegschreiben des editierten Textes kein Dateiname , bekannt (Mined kann auch ohne Dateiname aufgerufen werden) , oder liegt fⁿr die bearbeitete Datei keine Schreibberechtigung , vor, so wird zunΣchst nach einem Dateinamen gefragt. , Gibt es beim Schreiben irgendeinen Fehler, so wird dieser , mitgeteilt und das Kommando abgebrochen, Mined also nicht beendet. , , ▄brigens: , Wird mined von einem Terminal aus benutzt, das die dumme , Angewohnheit hat, ^S und ^Q als Steuerzeichen zu benutzen, , so mu▀ unbedingt die Umgebungsvariable NoControlSQ gesetzt , werden, bevor mit mined gearbeitet wird. , , Kommandoⁿbersicht (Control- wird mit ^ abgekⁿrzt) , , Positionierung , Pfeil nach links geht ein Zeichen nach links , Pfeil nach rechts geht ein Zeichen nach rechts , Pfeil nach oben geht eine Zeile nach oben , Pfeil nach unten geht eine Zeile nach unten , ^A geht ein Wort nach links , ^F geht ein Wort nach rechts , PgUp geht eine Seite zurⁿck , PdDn geht eine Seite vor , Home rollt eine Zeile runter , End rollt eine Zeile rauf , Hop Pfeil links geht an den Anfang der Zeile , Hop Pfeil rechts geht an das Ende der Zeile , Hop Pfeil oben geht an den Anfang des Bildschirms , Hop Pfeil unten geht an das Ende des Bildschirms , Hop PgUp geht an den Anfang der Datei , Hop PgDn geht an das Ende der Datei , Hop Home rollt eine halbe Seite runter , Hop End rollt eine halbe Seite rauf , ^G geht in eine bestimmte Zeile, deren , Nummer einzugeben ist (auch Hop-Taste) , , Einfⁿgen , Zeichen, , Tab-Taste oder , Zeilenwechsel fⁿgt dieses Zeichen an der aktuellen Position ein , ^O fⁿgt einen Zeilenwechsel ein, bleibt jedoch davor stehen , ^P siehe unten , Esc i fⁿgt den Inhalt einer Datei an der aktuellen Stelle ein , , L÷schen , Del l÷scht ein Zeichen nach links , ^B l÷scht ein Zeichen nach rechts , ^T l÷scht ein Wort nach rechts , ^K l÷scht bis Zeilenende oder l÷scht dieses alleine , , Textabschnitte bearbeiten , ^] markiert die aktuelle Stelle , ^Y (copY) kopiert den Abschnitt zwischen der aktuellen Stelle , und der vorher mit ^] gesetzten Marke in einen Puffer , ^U (cUt) entfernt (l÷scht) selbigen Abschnitt, hinterlΣ▀t ihn , jedoch ebenfalls im Puffer , ^P (Paste) fⁿgt Inhalt des Puffers an der aktuellen Stelle ein , Esc b kopiert den Inhalt des Puffers in eine Datei , , Suchen , Esc / sucht vorwΣrts nach einem einzugebenden Ausdruck , Esc \ sucht rⁿckwΣrts nach einem einzugebenden Ausdruck , ^N wiederholt den letzten Suchvorgang (Richtung und Ausdruck) , Esc s ersetzt (substituiert) bis zum Dateiende einen Ausdruck , durch einen anderen (beide sind einzugeben) , Esc r desgleichen mit Nachfrage fⁿr jede Ersetzung , , Sonstiges , Esc Esc schreibt Dateiinhalt in Datei und beendet Mined , Esc w schreibt nur Dateiinhalt in Datei , Esc q beendet Mined, eventuell ohne Wegschreiben , Esc e editiert eine andere Datei , Esc + editiert nΣchste Datei (bei Aufruf mined Dat1 Dat2 ...) , Esc - editiert vorige Datei , Esc # editiert durch Index anzugebende Datei , Esc <Zahl> <Kommando> , wiederholt das <Kommando> <Zahl>-Mal , ^\ bricht das laufende Kommando ab , Esc ? zeigt Status der Datei an , Esc . baut den Bildschirminhalt neu auf , Esc h zeigt eine Hilfstext-Datei an EOSED echo ---------------------- extracting mkmined ----------------- sed 's/^,//' << \EOSED > mkmined ,#! /bin/csh -f ,# m÷gliche Parameter: ,# -O (gro▀ O!) zum Optimieren, wenn neue Gebrauchsversion erzeugt wird ,# -DCURSES , wenn `curses' benutzt werden soll ,# -Bstatic , wenn statisches Binden erzwungen werden soll , ,set newest=newest # ~wolff/bin/newest ,if (! $?cc) then , set cc=cc ,endif , ,set arch=$HOSTTYPE ,if "$arch" == vax then , set arch=mvax ,endif ,set suff=.$arch ,set opt=($*) , ,set opt=($opt -DTERMIO) , ,foreach param ($*) , switch ($param) , case -O*: , set optimize=$param; echo optimizing; breaksw; , case -DCURSES: , set curses; echo using curses; breaksw; , case -B*: , set bind; echo using bind option; breaksw; , endsw ,end ,if $?optimize then , set suff="$suff$optimize" ,endif , ,if "$arch" == mvax then , set suff= # the stupid ╡vax C compiler won't accept -c and -o ,endif ,if "$suff" == "" then , alias compile 'echo Compiling mined\!*.c: ; $cc $opt -c mined\!*.c' ,else , alias compile 'echo Compiling mined\!*.c: ; $cc $opt -c mined\!*.c -o mined\!*$suff.o' ,endif , ,if ! { $newest mined1$suff.o mined1.c mined.h } then , compile 1 ,endif ,if ! { $newest mined2$suff.o mined2.c mined.h } then , compile 2 ,endif ,if ! { $newest minedio$suff.o minedio.c mined.h } then , compile io ,endif ,if ! { $newest minedmp$suff.o minedmp.c mined.h } then , compile mp ,endif , ,set OBJ=(mined1$suff.o mined2$suff.o minedio$suff.o minedmp$suff.o) ,if ( $?bind || ! { $newest mined.$arch $OBJ } || ! -x mined.$arch ) then , echo -n "linking " , if $?curses then , echo "with curses" , $cc $opt $OBJ -lcurses -ltermcap -o mined.$arch , else , echo "without curses" , $cc $opt $OBJ -ltermcap -o mined.$arch , endif , echo -n 'Stripping.. ' , strip mined.$arch , echo mkmined done. ,endif EOSED echo ---------------------- extracting Makefile ----------------- sed 's/^,//' << \EOSED > Makefile ,SOURCES = mined1.c mined2.c minedio.c minedmp.c , ,all: mined , ,mined: , cc -O -DTERMIO $(SOURCES) -ltermcap -o mined , strip mined , ,sgtty: , cc -O -DSGTTY $(SOURCES) -ltermcap -o mined , strip mined , ,cursed: , cc -O -DCURSES $(SOURCES) -lcurses -ltermcap -o mined.cursed , strip mined.cursed EOSED echo ---------------------- extracting mined.doc ----------------- sed 's/^,//' << \EOSED > mined.doc ,+=====================================================================+ ,| Documentation file of the Mined editor. | ,+=====================================================================+ , , Author: Michiel Huisjes. , , Modified by Achim Mⁿller to run on a Unix machine with VT100-like , terminals attached and to recognize function key character sequences. , , Modifications and corrections made by Thomas Wolff: , Basic capabilities: , Runs with arbitrary terminals on UNIX (using termcap). , Responds correctly to changes of window size, including , redisplay of status line; keeps position in text. , Accepts and displays an 8 bit character set. , User interface: , Two letter ESCAPE commands are used for less frequent functions. , The concept of a HOP key prefix was introduced which fortifies , any positioning function that follows. This provides more , command flexibility without too much need of key remembering. , Command key layout changed to resemble WordMaster/WordStar. , Improved behaviour: , Stripping off lines too long for the screen implemented , also on status line output. If status line input overflows , the screen and wraps/scrolls, the screen is redisplayed. , Search displays a "wrap around end of file" message for , better orientation. , In case of system errors, the appropriate error message , is fetched and displayed instead of printing , numerical hieroglyphs or indistinguished , commonplace messages (as many UNIX commands do). , Additional features and commands: , A HELP command. , A SUSPEND command with automatic file saving. , A repeat search command. , A replace command with confirmation dialogue. , A change working directory command. , A change file name reference command. , Reading from standard input and writing to standard output. , Starting up at a given line number. , Appending versions of the buffer cut/copy/write commands. , Process-independent version of the paste command, thus enabling , inter-window paste operations. , A view only version of the edit command (not yet very well developed). , Commands to print buffer / to perform command with buffer as input. , Positioning to a percentage within the text. , Accepts control char sequence for absolute positioning (by mouse) , Multi-file edit , External interrupt handling with attempts to save the text , Configurable indicators for line shift left/right, line end, tab. , Improved text security: , Doesn't quit if a file save fails or even if the question for , a filename isn't answered. So you have a chance , to try another filename or something. , Asks whether to overwrite file whenever a file is to be , written to which was not previously read in. , Removed abort_mined since no one wants to kill an editor , unconditionally without attempt to save the text. , Corrections: , Some screen positioning errors and inconsistencies , have been eliminated, for example: , The EF function now really positions to the end of the text, not , to the beginning of the last line, , The HIGH and LOW functions now stay in the current screen column, , as UP and DN do now more consistently. , Input routine detects overflow of input buffer. , Doesn't crash if a file loaded or inserted contains NULL chars. , Scratch file counting and deleting was corrected. , The Readonly flag and status message is now based on the really , effective circumstances (could show wrong state before if , real and effective user id were different). , Several minor modifications, e.g.: XBREAK (the screen column limit) , was increased by 1, since two columns were left blank on , the right screen border. , Missing modification: , The rightmost screen column is currently unused because , linefeed is used as a line positioner. If absolute , positioning would be added for each text line output, , the screen column limit XBREAK could again be increased by 1. , , , 1. General remarks. , , Mined is a screen editor designed for the minix operating system. , It is meant to be used on files not larger than 50K and to be fast. , When mined starts up, it reads the file into its memory to minimize , disk access. The only time that disk access is needed is when certain , save, write or copy commands are given. , , Mined has the style of Emacs or Jove, that means that there are no modes. , Each character has its own entry in an 256 pointer to function array, , which is called when that character is typed. Only ASCII characters are , connected with a function that inserts that character at the current , location in the file. Two exceptions are <linefeed> and <tab> which are , inserted as well. Note that the mapping between commands and functions , called is implicit in the table. Changing the mapping just implies , changing the pointers in this table. , , The display consists of SCREENMAX + 1 lines and XMAX + 1 characters. When , a line is larger (or gets larger during editing) than XBREAK characters, , the line is either shifted SHIFT_SIZE characters to the left (which means , that the first SHIFT_SIZE characters are not printed) or the end of the , line is marked with the SHIFT_MARK character and the rest of the line is , not printed. A line can never exceed MAX_CHARS characters. Mined will , always try to keep the cursor on the same line and same (relative) , x-coordinate if nothing changed. So if you scroll one line up, the cursor , stays on the same line, or when you move one line down, the cursor will , move to the same place on the line as it was on the previous. , Every character on the line is available for editing including the , linefeed at the the of the line. When the linefeed is deleted, the current , line and the next line are joined. The last character of the file (which , is always a linefeed) can never be deleted. , The bottomline (as indicated by YMAX + 1) is used as a status line during , editing. This line is usually blank or contains information mined needs , during editing. This information (or rather questions) is displayed in , reverse video. , , The terminal modes are changed completely. All signals like start/stop, , interrupt etc. are unset. The only signal that remains is the quit signal. , The quit signal (^\) is the general abort signal for mined. Typing a ^\ , during searching or when mined is asking for filenames, etc. will abort , the function and mined will return to the main loop. , Sending a quit signal during the main loop will abort the session , (after confirmation) and the file is not (!) saved. *removed* , The session will also be aborted when an unrecoverable error occurs, e.g. , when there is no more memory available. If the file has been modified, , mined will ask if the file has to be saved or not. , If there is no more space left on the disk, mined will just give an error , message and continue. , , The number of system calls are minimized. This is done to keep the editor , as fast as possible. I/O is done in SCREEN_SIZE reads/writes. Accumulated , output is also flushed at the end of each character typed. , , 2. Regular expressions , , Mined has a built in regular expression matcher, which is used for , searching and replace routines. A regular expression consists of a , sequence of: , , 1. A normal character matching that character. , 2. A . matching any character. , 3. A ^ matching the begin of a line. , 4. A $ (as last character of the pattern) mathing the end of a line. , 5. A \<character> matching <character>. , 6. A number of characters enclosed in [] pairs matching any of these , characters. A list of characters can be indicated by a '-'. So , [a-z] matches any letter of the alphabet. If the first character , after the '[' is a '^' then the set is negated (matching none of , the characters). , A ']', '^' or '-' can be escaped by putting a '\' in front of it. , Of course this means that a \ must be represented by \\. , 7. If one of the expressions as described in 1-6 is followed by a , '*' than that expressions matches a sequence of 0 or more of , that expression. , , Parsing of regular expression is done in two phases. In the first phase , the expression is compiled into a more comprehensible form. In the second , phase the actual matching is done. For more details see 3.6. , , , 3. Implementation of mined. , , 3.1 Data structures. , , The main data structures are as follows. The whole file is kept in a , double linked list of lines. The LINE structure looks like this: , , typedef struct Line { , struct Line * next; , struct Line * prev; , char * text; , unsigned char shift_count; , } LINE; , , Each line entry contains a pointer to the next line, a pointer to the , previous line and a pointer to the text of that line. A special field , shift_count contains the number of shifts (in units of SHIFT_SIZE) , that is performed on that line. The total size of the structure is 7 , bytes so a file consisting of 1000 empty lines will waste a lot of , memory. A LINE structure is allocated for each line in the file. After , that the number of characters of the line is counted and sufficient , space is allocated to store them (including a linefeed and a '\0'). , The resulting address is assigned to the text field in the structure. , , A special structure is allocated and its address is assigned to the , variable header as well as the variable tail. The text field of this , structure is set to NIL_PTR. The tail->prev of this structure points , to the last LINE of the file and the header->next to the first LINE. , Other LINE * variables are top_line and bot_line which point to the , first line resp. the last line on the screen. , Two other variables are important as well. First the LINE * cur_line, , which points to the LINE currently in use and the char * cur_text, , which points to the character at which the cursor stands. , Whenever an ASCII character is typed, a new line is build with this , character inserted. Then the old data space (pointed to by , cur_line->text) is freed, data space for the new line is allocated and , assigned to cur_line->text. , , Two global variables called x and y represent the x and y coordinates , from the cursor. The global variable nlines contains the number of , lines in the file. Last_y indicates the maximum y coordinate of the , screen (which is usually SCREENMAX). , , A few strings must be initialized by hand before compiling mined. , These string are enter_string, which is printed upon entering mined, , rev_video (turn on reverse video), normal_video, rev_scroll (perform a , reverse scroll) and pos_string. The last string should hold the , absolute position string to be printed for cursor motion. The #define , X_PLUS and Y_PLUS should contain the characters to be added to the , coordinates x and y (both starting at 0) to finish cursor positioning. , , 3.2 Starting up. , , Mined can be called with or without argument and the function , load_file() is called with these arguments. load_file() checks , if the file exists if it can be read and if it is writable and , sets the writable flag accordingly. If the file can be read, , load_file() reads a line from the file and stores this line into , a structure by calling install_line() and line_insert() which , installs the line into the double linked list, until the end of the , file is reached. , Lines are read by the function get_line(), which buffers the , reading in blocks of SCREEN_SIZE. Load_file() also initializes the , LINE * variables described above. , , 3.3 Moving around. , , Several commands are implemented for moving through the file. , Moving up (UP), down (DN) left (LF) and right (RT) are done by the , arrow keys. Moving one line below the screen scrolls the screen one , line up. Moving one line above the screen scrolls the screen one line , down. The functions forward_scroll() and reverse_scroll() take care , of that. , Several other move functions exist: move to begin of line (BL), end of , line (EL) top of screen (HIGH), bottom of screen (LOW), top of file , (HO), end of file (EF), scroll one page down (PD), scroll one page up , (PU), scroll one line down (SD), scroll one line up (SU) and move to a , certain line number (GOTO). , Two functions called MN() and MP() each move one word further or , backwards. A word is a number of non-blanks seperated by a space, a , tab or a linefeed. , , 3.4 Modifying text. , , The modifying commands can be separated into two modes. The first , being inserting text, and the other deleting text. Two functions are , created for these purposes: insert() and delete(). Both are capable , of deleting or inserting large amounts of text as well as one , character. Insert() must be given the line and location at which , the text must be inserted. Is doesn't make any difference whether this , text contains linefeeds or not. Delete() must be given a pointer to , the start line, a pointer from where deleting should start on that , line and the same information about the end position. The last , character of the file will never be deleted. Delete() will make the , necessary changes to the screen after deleting, but insert() won't. , The functions for modifying text are: insert one char (S), insert a , file (file_insert(fd)), insert a linefeed and put cursor back to , end of line (LIB), delete character under the cursor (DCC), delete , before cursor (even linefeed) (DPC), delete next word (DNW), delete , previous word (DPW) and delete to end of line (if the cursor is at , a linefeed delete line) (DLN). , , 3.5 Yanking. , , A few utilities are provided for yanking pieces of text. The function , MA() marks the current position in the file. This is done by setting , LINE * mark_line and char * mark_text to the current position. Yanking , of text can be done in two modes. The first mode just copies the text , from the mark to the current position (or visa versa) into a buffer , (YA) and the second also deletes the text (DT). Both functions call , the function set_up() with the delete flag on or off. Set_up() , checks if the marked position is still a valid one (by using , check_mark() and legal()), and then calls the function yank() with , a start and end position in the file. This function copies the text , into a scratch_file as indicated by the variable yank_file. This , scratch_file is made unique by the function scratch_file(). At the end , of copying yank will (if necessary) delete the text. A global flag , called yank_status keeps track of the buffer (or file) status. It is , initialized on NOT_VALID and set to EMPTY (by set_up()) or VALID (by , yank()). Several things can be done with the buffer. It can be , inserted somewhere else in the file (PT) or it can be copied into , another file (WB), which will be prompted for. , , 3.6 Search and replace routines. , , Searching for strings and replacing strings are done by regular , expressions. For any expression the function compile() is called , with as argument the expression to compile. Compile() returns a , pointer to a structure which looks like this: , , typedef struct regex { , union { , char * err_mess; , int * expression; , } result; , char status; , char * start_ptr; , char * end_ptr; , } REGEX; , , If something went wrong during compiling (e.g. an illegal expression , was given), the function reg_error() is called, which sets the status , field to REG_ERROR and the err_mess field to the error message. If the , match must be anchored at the beginning of the line (end of line), the , status field is set to BEGIN_LINE (END_LINE). If none of these special , cases are true, the field is set to 0 and the function finished() is , called. Finished() allocates space to hold the compiled expression , and copies this expression into the expression field of the union , (bcopy()). Matching is done by the routines match() and line_check(). , Match() takes as argument the REGEX * program, a pointer to the , startposition on the current line, and a flag indicating FORWARD or , REVERSE search. Match() checks out the whole file until a match is , found. If match is found it returns a pointer to the line in which the , match was found else it returns a NIL_LINE. Line_check() takes the , same arguments, but return either MATCH or NO_MATCH. , During checking, the start_ptr and end_ptr fields of the REGEX , structure are assigned to the start and end of the match. , Both functions try to find a match by walking through the line , character by character. For each possibility, the function , check_string() is called with as arguments the REGEX * program and the , string to search in. It starts walking through the expression until , the end of the expression or the end of the string is reached. , Whenever a * is encountered, this position of the string is marked, , the maximum number of matches are performed and the function star() , is called in order to try to find the longest match possible. Star() , takes as arguments the REGEX program, the current position of the , string, the marked position and the current position of the expression , Star() walks from the current position of the string back to the , marked position, and calls string_check() in order to find a match. , It returns MATCH or NO_MATCH, just as string_check() does. , Searching is now easy. Both search routines (forward (SF) and , backwards search (SR)) call search() with an apropiate message and a , flag indicating FORWARD or REVERSE search. Search() will get an , expression from the user by calling get_expression(). Get_expression() , returns a pointer to a REGEX structure or NIL_REG upon errors and , prompts for the expression. If no expression if given, the previous is , used instead. After that search will call match(), and if a match is , found, we can move to that place in the file by the functions find_x() , and find_y() which will find display the match on the screen. , Replacing can be done in two ways. A global replace (GR) or a line , replace (LR). Both functions call change() with a message and a flag , indicating global or line replacement. Change() will prompt for the , expression and for the replacement. Every & in the replacement pattern , means substitute the match instead. An & can be escaped by a \. When , a match is found, the function substitute() will perform the , substitution. , , 3.6 Miscellaneous commands. , , A few commands haven't be discussed yet. These are redraw the screen , (RD) fork a shell (SH), print file status (FS), write file to disc , (WT), insert a file at current position (IF), leave editor (XT) and , visit another file (VI). The last two functions will check if the file , has been modified. If it has, they will ask if you want to save the , file by calling ask_save(). , The function REPT() will repeat a command n times. It will prompt for , the number. Aborting the loop can be done by sending the ^\ signal. , , 3.7 Utility functions. , , Several functions exists for internal use. First allocation routines: , alloc(bytes) and newline() will return a pointer to free data space , if the given size. If there is no more memory available, the function , panic() is called. , Signal handling: The only signal that can be sent to mined is the , SIGQUIT signal. This signal, functions as a general abort command. , Mined will abort if the signal is given during the main loop. The , function abort_mined() takes care of that. , Panic() is a function with as argument a error message. It will print , the message and the error number set by the kernel (errno) and will , ask if the file must be saved or not. It resets the terminal , (raw_mode()) and exits. , String handling routines like copy_string(to, from), length_of(string) , and build_string(buffer, format, arg1, arg2, ...). The latter takes , a description of the string out out the format field and puts the , result in the buffer. (It works like printf (3), but then into a , string). The functions status_line(string1, string2), error(string1, , string2), clear_status() and bottom_line() all print information on , the status line. , Get_string(message, buffer) reads a string and getchar() reads one , character from the terminal. , Num_out((long) number) prints the number into a 11 digit field , without leading zero's. It returns a pointer to the resulting string. , File_status() prints all file information on the status line. , Set_cursor(x, y) prints the string to put the cursor at coordinates , x and y. , Output is done by four functions: writeline(fd,string), clear_buffer() , write_char(fd, c) and flush_buffer(fd). Three defines are provided , to write on filedescriptor STD_OUT (terminal) which is used normally: , string_print(string), putchar(c) and flush(). All these functions , use the global I/O buffer screen and the global index for this array , called out_count. In this way I/O can be buffered, so that reads or , writes can be done in blocks of SCREEN_SIZE size. , The following functions all handle internal line maintenance. The , function proceed(start_line, count) returns the count'th line after , start_line. If count is negative, the count'th line before the , start_line is returned. If header or tail is encountered then that , will be returned. Display(x, y, start_line, count) displays count , lines starting at coordinates [x, y] and beginning at start_line. If , the header or tail is encountered, empty lines are displayed instead. , The function reset(head_line, ny) reset top_line, last_y, bot_line, , cur_line and y-coordinate. This is not a neat way to do the , maintenance, but it sure saves a lot of code. It is usually used in , combination with display(). , Put_line(line, offset, clear_line), prints a line (skipping characters , according to the line->shift_size field) until XBREAK - offset , characters are printed or a '\n' is encountered. If clear_line is , TRUE, spaces are printed until XBREAK - offset characters. , Line_print(line) is a #define from put_line(line, 0, TRUE). , Moving is done by the functions move_to(x, y), move_addres(address) , and move(x, adress, y). This function is the most important one in , mined. New_y must be between 0 and last_y, new_x can be about , anything, address must be a pointer to an character on the current , line (or y). Move_to() first adjust the y coordinate together with , cur_line. If an address is given, it finds the corresponding , x-coordinate. If an new x-coordinate was given, it will try to locate , the corresponding character. After that it sets the shift_count field , of cur_line to an apropiate number according to new_x. The only thing , left to do now is to assign the new values to cur_line, cur_text, x , and y. , , 4. Summary of commands. , , See seperate file mined.help . , ,+===========================================================================+ EOSED exit 0