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- INTEL PRESENTS P6 MICROARCHITECTURE DETAILS
- Technical Paper Highlights "Dynamic Execution" Design
-
- SAN FRANCISCO, Calif., Feb. 16, 1995 -- Intel Corporation today disclosed
- details of the first fruit of a parallel engineering effort, the
- next-generation P6 microprocessor, at an engineering conference here. The
- presentation of technical details follows the delivery of first working
- samples to OEMs.
-
- The 5.5-million transistor chip will deliver the highest level of
- processor performance for the Intel Architecture when systems using the
- chip begin to ship in the second half of this year. P6 will achieve this
- performance using a unique combination of technologies known as Dynamic
- Execution.
-
- P6 microarchitecture details were presented by Intel at the IEEE
- International Solid State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), an annual industry
- gathering where technical innovations are showcased and discussed. Details
- on P6's unique approach to high-performance processing, described
- collectively as Dynamic Execution, were presented by Dr. Robert Colwell, P6
- architecture manager, at ISSCC.
-
- Colwell explained that this architectural enhancement is the next
- step beyond the superscalar advance implemented in the PentiumĪ processor.
- Dynamic Execution is a combination of technologies -- multiple branch
- prediction, data flow analysis and speculative execution -- that is
- constantly feeding P6's data-crunching units. Intel engineers were able to
- implement Dynamic Execution by analyzing how billions of lines of code in
- software programs are typically executed by processors. Collectively, these
- technologies allow the P6 to operate as an efficient information factory.
-
- Multiple branch prediction increases the amount of work available
- for the microprocessor to execute. Data flow analysis schedules the
- instructions to be executed when ready, independent of the original
- program order. Speculative execution allows the P6 to keep its superscalar
- engine as busy as possible by executing instructions that are likely to
- be needed.
-
- With these technologies, the P6 can efficiently analyze much larger
- sections of incoming program flow than any previous PC processor, swiftly
- allocate internal resources, and intelligently optimize work that can be
- done in parallel. Consequently, more data can be processed in a given time
- period.
-
- Parallel Design Teams Learn From Each Other
-
- The concept of P6's Dynamic Execution engine began in 1990, when
- today's mainstream Pentium(r) processor was still just a software simulation.
-
- "Intel's use of parallel engineering teams for chip design has
- compressed delivery cycles of new generations of chips, cutting the time
- about in half," said Albert Yu, senior vice president and general manager,
- Microprocessor Products Group. "As a result, computer users will have some
- of the most powerful, low-cost engines at hand to enrich the desktop
- with software and other capabilities we only imagined five years ago," he
- said.
-
- Yu said the Oregon-based P6 design team, building on the knowledge
- gained from the Pentium processor design, embarked on an innovative
- system-level solution to the next-generation processor involving the
- processor, cache (high-speed supporting memory), and bus (the transport
- mechanism that keeps data flowing into and out of the processor). "This
- approach will ensure that computers built around P6 will be able to take
- advantage of the chip's processing power when it is introduced as a
- commercial product later this year," he said.
-
- The system-level approach means the P6 will be the first high-volume
- microprocessor with two die in a single package. A dual-cavity, standard
- PGA package contains a P6 die and a companion level two (L2) cache die. The
- two chips communicate using a highly-optimized bus which contributes to high
- performance by tightly-coupling the processor to its primary data source.
-
- Additional Features
-
- In addition to providing new levels of performance, the P6 will
- contain new features which will greatly simplify the design of
- multiprocessor systems and improve overall system reliability. Among
- applications that will benefit greatly from this processing power are:
- desktop applications such as image processing, speech recognition,
- software-only videoconferencing and multimedia authoring, and server
- applications such as transaction and database processing.
-
- At introduction in the second half of this year, the P6 processor
- will operate at 133 MHz and will use a power supply of 2.9 volts. The low
- voltage also contributes to low power dissipation, which is expected to be
- only about 14 watts, typically, for the processor and L2 cache combined.
- Complete performance and power dissipation information will also be
- available at that time, although estimated performance has been measured
- at more than 200 SPECint92 on a prototype system, twice the performance of
- today's fastest Pentium processor.
-
- Intel, the world's largest chip maker, is also a leading manufacturer
- of personal computer, networking and communications products.
-
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