home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- David Yu
- 11-27-94
- Ewrt1B
-
- The Horror!
-
-
- In Heart of Darkness it is the white invaders for instance, who are, almost without
- exception, embodiments of blindness, selfishness, and cruelty; and even in the
- cognitive domain, where such positive phrases as "to enlighten," for instance, are
- conventionally opposed to negative ones such as "to be in the dark," the traditional
- expectations are reversed. In Kurtz's painting, as we have seen, "the effect of the
- torch light on the face was sinister" (Watt 332).
- Ian Watt, author of "Impressionism and Symbolism in Heart of Darkness," discusses about
- the destruction set upon the Congo by Europeans. The destruction set upon the Congo by
- Europeans led to the cry of Kurtz's last words, "The horror! The horror!" The horror in
- Heart of Darkness has been critiqued to represent different aspects of situations in the
- book. However, Kurtz's last words "The horror! The horror!" refer, to me, to magnify
- only three major aspects. The horror magnifies Kurtz not being able to restrain himself,
- the colonizers' greed, and Europe's darkness.
- Kurtz comes to the Congo with noble intentions. He thought that each ivory
- station should stand like a beacon light, offering a better way of life to the natives. He
- was considered to be a "universal genius": he was an orator, writer, poet, musician, artist,
- politician, ivory producer, and chief agent of the ivory company's Inner Station. yet, he
- was also a "hollow man," a man without basic integrity or any sense of social
- responsibility. "Kurtz issues the feeble cry, 'The horror! The horror!' and the man of
- vision, of poetry, the 'emissary of pity, and science, and progress' is gone. The jungle
- closes' round" (Labrasca 290). Kurtz being cut off from civilization reveals his dark side.
- Once he entered within his "heart of darkness" he was shielded from the light. Kurtz
- turned into a thief, murderer, raider, persecutor, and to climax all of his other shady
- practices, he allows himself to be worshipped as a god. E. N. Dorall, author of "Conrad
- and Coppola: Different Centres of Darkness," explains Kurtz's loss of his identity.
-
- Daring to face the consequences of his nature, he loses his identity; unable to be
- totally beast and never able to be fully human, he alternates between trying to
- return to the jungle and recalling in grotesque terms his former idealism. Kurtz
- discovered, A voice! A voice! It rang deep to the very last. It survived his
- strength to hide in the magnificent folds of eloquence the barren darkness of his
- heart.... But both the diabolic love and the unearthly hate of the mysteries it
- had penetrated fought for the possession of that soul satiated with primitive
- emotions, avid of lying, fame, of sham distinction, of all the appearances of success
- and power. Inevitably Kurtz collapses, his last words epitomizing his experience,
- The horror! The horror! (Dorall 306).
- The horror to Kurtz is about self realization; about the mistakes he committed while in
- Africa.
- The colonizers' cruelty towards the natives and their lust for ivory also is
- spotlighted in Kurtz's horror. The white men who came to the Congo professing to bring
- progress and light to "darkest Africa" have themselves been deprived of the sanctions of
- their European social orders. The supposed purpose of the colonizers' traveling into
- Africa was to civilize the natives. Instead the Europeans took the natives' land away from
- them by force. They burned their towns, stole their property, and enslaved them.
- "Enveloping the horror of Kurtz is the Congo Free State of Leopold II, totally corrupt
- though to all appearances established to last for a long time" (Dorall 309). The conditions
- described in Heart of Darkness reflect the horror of Kurtz's words: the chain gangs, the
- grove of death, the payment in brass rods, the cannibalism and the human skulls on the
- fence posts.
-
- Africans bound with thongs that contracted in the rain and cut to the bone, had
- their swollen hands beaten with rifle butts until they fell off. Chained slaves were
- forced to drink the white man's defecation, hands and feet were chopped off for
- their rings, men were lined up behind each other and shot with one cartridge,
- wounded prisoners were eaten by maggots till they died and were then thrown to
- starving dogs or devoured by cannibal tribes (Meyers 100).
- The colonizers enslaved the natives to do their biding; the cruelty practiced on the black
- workers were of the white man's mad and greedy rush for ivory. "The unredeemable
- horror in the tale is the duplicity, cruelty, and venality of Europeans officialdom"
- (Levenson 401).
- Civilization is only preserved by maintaining illusions. Juliet Mclauchlan, author of
- "The Value and Significance of Heart of Darkness," stated that every colonizer in Africa is
- to blame for the horror which took place within.
-
- Kurtz's moral judgment applies supremely to his own soul, but his final insight is all
- encompassing; looking upon humanity in full awareness of his own degradation, he
- projects his debasement, failure, and hatred universally. Realizing that any human
- soul may be fascinated, held irresistible, by what it rightly hates, his stare is "wide
- enough to embrace the whole universe," wide and immense.... embracing,
- condemning, loathing all the universe (Mclauchlan 384).
- The darkness of Africa collides with the evils of Europe upon Kurtz's last words. Kurtz
- realized that all he had been taught to believe in, to operate from, was a mass of horror
- and greed standardized by the colonizers. As you recall in Conrad's Heart of Darkness,
- Kurtz painted a painting releasing his knowledge of the horror and what is to come. A
- painting of a blindfolded woman carrying a lighted torch was discussed in the book. The
- background was dark, and the effect of the torch light on her face was sinister. The oil
- painting suggests the blind and stupid ivory company, fraudulently letting people believe
- that besides the ivory they were taking out of the jungle, they were, at the same time,
- bringing light and progress to the jungle.
- Kurtz, stripped away of his culture by the greed of other Europeans, stands both
- literally and figuratively naked. He has lost all restraint in himself and has lived off the
- land like an animal. He has been exposed to desire, yet cannot comprehend it. His horror
- tells us his mistakes and that of Europe's. His mistakes of greed for ivory, his mistakes of
- lust for a mistress and his mistakes of assault on other villages, were all established when
- he was cut off from civilization. When Conrad wrote what Kurtz's last words were to be,
- he did not exaggerate or invent the horrors that provided the political and humanitarian
- basis for his attack on colonialism.
- Conrad's Kurtz mouths his last words, "The horror! The horror!" as a message to
- himself and, through Marlow, to the world. However, he did not really explain the
- meaning of his words to Marlow before his exit. Through Marlow's summary and moral
- reactions, we come to realize the possibilities of the meaning rather than a definite
- meaning. "The message means more to Marlow and the readers than it does to Kurtz,"
- says William M. Hagen, in "Heart of Darkness and the Process of Apocalypse Now."
- "The horror" to Kurtz became the nightmare between Europe and Africa. To Marlow,
- Kurtz's last words came through what he saw and experienced along the way into the
- Inner Station. To me, Kurtz's horror shadows every human, who has some form of
- darkness deep within their heart, waiting to be unleashed. "The horror that has been
- perpetrated, the horror that descends as judgment, either in this pitiless and empty death
- or in whatever domination there could be to come" (Stewart 366). Once the horror was
- unleashed, there was no way of again restraining it.
-
- Dorall, E. N. [Conrad and Coppola: Different Centres of Darkness.]
- Heart of Darkness. By Joseph Conrad 3rd ed. Ed. Robert Kimbrough.
- New York: Norton Critical 1988. 306, 309.
-
- LaBrasca, Robert. [Two Visions of "The Horror!".]
- Heart of Darkness. By Joseph Conrad 3rd ed. Ed. Robert Kimbrough.
- New York: Norton Critical 1988. 290.
-
- Levenson, Michael. [The Value of Facts in the Heart of Darkness.]
- Heart of Darkness. By Joseph Conrad 3rd ed. Ed. Robert Kimbrough.
- New York: Norton Critical 1988. 401.
-
- McLauchlan, Juliet. [The "Value" and "significance" of Heart of Darkness.]
- Heart of Darkness. By Joseph Conrad 3rd ed. Ed. Robert Kimbrough.
- New York: Norton Critical 1988. 384.
-
- Meyers, Jeffrey. Joseph Conrad. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1991.
-
- Stewart, Garrett. [Lying as Dying in Heart of Darkness.]
- Heart of Darkness. By Joseph Conrad 3rd ed. Ed. Robert Kimbrough.
- New York: Norton Critical 1988. 266.
-
- Watt, Ian. [Impressionism and Symbolism in Heart of Darkness.]
- Heart of Darkness. By Joseph Conrad 3rd ed. Ed. Robert Kimbrough.
- New York: Norton Critical 1988. 332.
-
-
-
-