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- U OF T PROFESSORS DEVISE BETTER WAY TO TEST SIGHT IN BABIES
-
- In a darkened room at Toronto's Hospital for Sick
- Children, a baby, its head dotted with electrodes, sits in its
- mother's lap and watches flashing black and white checkerboards
- and stripes on a television screen. Soon after the test, doctors
- will know if the child can see and how well it can see.
-
- The testing procedure, which involves measuring brain wave
- activity prompted by visual stimuli (also called visual evoked
- potentials or VEP's) has been perfected by Drs. Barry Skarf of
- the Department of Ophthalmology and Moshe Eizenman of U of T's
- Institute
-
- Their procedure is more accurate than tests used elsewhere
- because Eizenman has developed a novel, real-time computer
- program to extract brain wave responses from extremely small
- patterns (similar in size to the bottom line of a standard eye
- test) which produce much more reliable results. Until now,
- doctors would have to extrapolate the baby's ability to see
- small stimuli from test results using large stimuli. "In Effect,
- Dr. Eizenman has developed a way of looking at brain waves that
- is more sensitive than methods previously available, " says
- Skarf.
-
- At the HSC, VEP's are used in a number of clinical
- applications: to determine whether a visual problem is
- cognitive; to assess whether babies who don't appear to see well
- will see better in the future; to determine a course of
- treatment for such problems in which one eye turns in or is
- weaker than the other eye. The second aspect of the researchers'
- work involves the development of a stimulator for stereopsis, or
- binocular vision, which is the fusing of images from both eyes
- into one picture that has depth. "The problem with testing
- binocular vision, " explains Skarf, "is that most stimuli
- presented to young children have other cues that can be seen
- with one eye alone. We wanted to devise stimuli that can only be
- seen by both eyes together and would produce specific brain
- waves to the stimuli."
-
- Based on a binocular stimulus invented by an American
- researcher, Eizenman had developed a stimulus that generates a
- pattern on a tv screen which looks like distortion (a snow
- storm) when viewed with only one eye, but when viewed through
- special glasses with both eyes emits a distinctive three-
- dimensional pattern.
-
- Skarf and Eizenman are now testing binocular VEP's on
- young children. They are examining children with normal sight
- and evaluating eye function in children with visual disorders.
- This is the first test of binocular vision to be carried out
- with large numbers. "Using this binocular stimulus with the very
- sensitive detector system for analyzing responses, we hope to
- have a system which will allow us to test binocular vision in
- young babies, quickly and easily, and to measure responses in a
- better way than before."
-
- In addition to this clinical research, Skarf now wants to
- direct his attention to some basic research questions about the
- development of vision. "We are interested in more than just
- developing tools. We want to know how binocular vision develops
- and which factors interfere with development. We want to find
- out what wheels turn in the brain to produce lazy eyes and
- impaired binocular vision."
-
- Skarf and Eizenman receive funding from the Medical
- Research Council of Canada.
-
- CONTACT:
-
- Barry Skarf (416)598-6133
-
- Moshe Eizenman (416)978-5523
-
-