World of Ham Radio 1997/WOHR97_AmSoft_(1997-02-01).iso/exams/part97/part97.txt

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PART 97--AMATEUR RADIO SERVICE
(current as of June 10, 1996)

Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec.
97.1    Basis and purpose.
97.3    Definitions.
97.5    Station license required.
97.7    Control operator required.
97.9    Operator license.
97.11   Stations aboard ships or aircraft.
97.13   Restrictions on station location.
97.15   Station antenna structures.
97.17   Application for new license or reciprocal permit for
        alien amateur licensee.
97.19   Application for a vanity call sign.
97.21   Application for a modified or renewed license.
97.23   Mailing address.
97.25   License term.
97.27   FCC modification of station license.
97.29   Replacement license document.

Subpart B--Station Operation Standards
97.101  General standards.
97.103  Station licensee responsibilities.
97.105  Control operator duties.
97.107  Alien control operator privileges.
97.109  Station control.
97.111  Authorized transmissions.
97.113  Prohibited transmissions.
97.115  Third-party communications.
97.117  International communications.
97.119  Station identification.
97.121  Restricted operation.

Subpart C-- Special Operations
97.201  Auxiliary station.
97.203  Beacon station.
97.205  Repeater station.
97.207  Space station.
97.209  Earth station.
97.211  Space Telecommand station.
97.213  Telecommand of an amateur station.
97.215  Telecommand of model craft.
97.217  Telemetry.
97.219  Message Forwarding System.
97.221  Automatically controlled digital station.

Subpart D--Technical Standards
97.301  Authorized frequency bands.
97.303  Frequency sharing requirements.
97.305  Authorized emission types.
97.307  Emission standards.
97.309  RTTY and data emission codes.
97.311  SS emission types.
97.313  Transmitter power standards.
97.315  Type acceptance of external RF power amplifiers.
97.317  Standards for type acceptance of external RF power amplifiers.

Subpart E--Providing Emergency Communications
97.401  Operation during a disaster.
97.403  Safety of life and protection of property.
97.405  Station in distress.
97.407  Radio amateur civil emergency service.

Subpart F--Qualifying Examination Systems
97.501  Qualifying for an amateur operator license.
97.503  Element standards.
97.505  Element credit.
97.507  Preparing an examination.
97.509  Administering VE requirements.
97.511  Examinee conduct.
97.513  [Removed and Reserved]
97.515  [Reserved]
97.517  [Reserved]
97.519  Coordinating examination sessions.
97.521  VEC qualifications.
97.523  Question pools.
97.525  Accrediting VEs.
97.527  Reimbursement for expenses.
Appendix 1 Places Where the Amateur Service is Regulated by the FCC
Appendix 2 VEC Regions


Subpart A--General Provisions

S 97.1  Basis and purpose.
   The rules and regulations in this Part are designed to provide an
amateur radio service having a fundamental purpose as expressed in the
following principles:
   (a) Recognition and enhancement of the value of the amateur service to
the public as a voluntary noncommercial communication service, particularly
with respect to providing emergency communications.
   (b) Continuation and extension of the amateur's proven ability to
contribute to the advancement of the radio art.
   (c) Encouragement and improvement of the amateur service through rules
which provide for advancing skills in both the communications and technical
phases of the art.
   (d) Expansion of the existing reservoir within the amateur radio service
of trained operators, technicians, and electronics experts.
   (e) Continuation and extension of the amateur's unique ability to
enhance international goodwill.

S 97.3  Definitions.
   (a) The definitions of terms used in Part 97 are:
     (1) Amateur operator.  A person holding a written authorization to be
the control operator of an amateur station.
     (2) Amateur radio services.  The amateur service, the amateur-
satellite service and the radio amateur civil emergency service.
     (3) Amateur-satellite service. A radiocommunication service using
stations on Earth satellites for the same purpose as those of the amateur
service.
     (4) Amateur service.  A radiocommunication service for the purpose of
self-training, intercommunication and technical investigations carried out
by amateurs, that is, duly authorized persons interested in radio technique
solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest.
     (5) Amateur station.  A station in an amateur radio service consisting
of the apparatus necessary for carrying on radiocommunications.
     (6) Automatic control.  The use of devices and procedures for control
of a station when it is transmitting so  that compliance with the FCC Rules
is achieved without the control  operator being present at a control point.
     (7) Auxiliary station.  An amateur station, other than in a message
forwarding system, that is transmitting communications point-to-point
within a system of cooperating amateur stations.
     (8) Bandwidth.  The width of a frequency band outside of which the
mean power of the transmitted signal is attenuated at least 26 dB below the
mean power of the transmitted signal within the band.
     (9) Beacon. An amateur station transmitting communications for the
purposes of observation of propagation and reception or other related
experimental activities.
     (10) Broadcasting.  Transmissions intended for reception by the
general public, either direct or relayed.
     (11) Call sign system. The method used to select a call sign for
amateur station over-the-air identification purposes. The call sign systems
are:
       (i) Sequential call sign system. The call sign is selected by the
FCC from an alphabetized list corresponding to the geographic region of the
licensee's mailing
address and operator class. The call sign is shown on the license. The FCC
will issue public announcements detailing the procedures of the sequential
call sign system.
       (ii) Vanity call sign system. The call sign is selected by the FCC
from a list of call signs requested by the licensee. The call sign is shown
on the license. The FCC will issue public announcements detailing the
procedures of the vanity call sign system.
     (12) Control operator.  An amateur operator designated by the licensee
of a station to be responsible for the transmissions from that station to
assure compliance with the FCC Rules.
     (13) Control point. The location at which the control operator
function is performed.
     (14) CSCE.  Certificate of successful completion of an examination.
     (15) Earth station.  An amateur station located on, or within 50 km of
the Earth's surface intended for communications with space stations or with
other Earth stations by means of one or more other objects in space.
     (16) EIC.  Engineer in Charge of an FCC Field Facility.
     (17) External RF Power Amplifier.  A device capable of increasing
power output when used in conjunction with, but not an integral part of, a
transmitter.
     (18) External RF power amplifier kit.  A number of electronic parts,
which, when assembled, is an external RF power amplifier, even if
additional parts are required to complete assembly.
     (19) FAA.  Federal Aviation Administration.
     (20) FCC.  Federal Communications Commission.
     (21) Frequency coordinator.  An entity, recognized in a local or
regional area by amateur operators whose stations are eligible to be
auxiliary or repeater stations, that recommends transmit/receive channels
and associated operating and technical parameters for such stations in
order to avoid or minimize potential interference.
     (22) Harmful interference.  Interference which endangers the
functioning of a radionavigation service or of other safety services or
seriously degrades, obstructs or repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication
service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations.
     (23) Indicator.  Words, letters or numerals appended to and separated
from the call sign during the station identification.
     (24) Information bulletin.  A message directed only to amateur
operators consisting solely of subject matter of direct interest to the
amateur service.
     (25) International Morse code.  A dot-dash code as defined in
International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT)
Recommendation F.1 (1984), Division B, I. Morse Code.
     (26) ITU.  International Telecommunication Union.
     (27) Line A.  Begins at Aberdeen, WA, running by great circle arc to
the intersection of 48  N, 120  W, thence along parallel 48  N, to the
intersection of 95  W, thence by great circle arc through the southernmost
point of Duluth, MN, thence by great circle arc to 45  N, 85  W, thence
southward along meridian 85  W, to its intersection with parallel 41  N,
thence along parallel 41  N, to its intersection with meridian 82  W,
thence by great circle arc through the southernmost point of Bangor, ME,
thence by great circle arc through the southernmost point of Searsport, ME,
at which point it terminates.
     (28) Local control.  The use of a control operator who directly
manipulates the operating adjustments in the station to achieve compliance
with the FCC Rules.
     (29) Message forwarding system.  A group of amateur stations
participating in a voluntary, cooperative, interactive arrangement where
communications are sent from the control operator of an originating station
to the control operator of one or more destination stations by one or more
forwarding stations.
     (30) National Radio Quiet Zone.  The area in Maryland, Virginia and
West Virginia bounded by 39  15' N on the north, 78  30' W on the east, 37
30' N on the south and 80  30' W on the west.
     (31) Physician. For the purposes of this Part, a person who is
licensed to practice in a place where the amateur service is regulated by
the FCC, as either a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or a Doctor of Osteopathy
(DO).
     (32) Question pool.  All current examination questions for a
designated written examination element.
     (33) Question set. A series of examination questions on a given
examination selected from the question pool.
     (34) Radio Regulations.  The latest ITU Radio Regulations to which the
United States is a party.
     (35) RACES (radio amateur civil emergency service).  A radio service
using amateur stations for civil defense communications during periods of
local, regional or national civil emergencies.
     (36) Remote control. The use of a control operator who indirectly
manipulates the operating adjustments in the station through a control link
to achieve compliance with the FCC Rules.
     (37) Repeater.  An amateur station that simultaneously retransmits the
transmission of another amateur station on a different channel or channels.
     (38) Space station.  An amateur station located more than 50 km above
the Earth's surface.
     (39) Space telemetry. A one-way transmission from a space station of
measurements made from the measuring instruments in a spacecraft, including
those relating to the functioning of the spacecraft.
     (40) Spurious emission. An emission, on frequencies outside the
necessary bandwidth of a transmission, the level of which may be reduced
without affecting the information being transmitted.
     (41) Telecommand. A one-way transmission to initiate, modify, or
terminate functions of a device at a distance.
     (42) Telecommand station. An amateur station that transmits
communications to initiate, modify, or terminate functions of a space
station.
     (43) Telemetry. A one-way transmission of measurements at a distance
from the measuring instrument.
     (44) Third-party communications.  A message from the control operator
(first party) of an amateur station to another amateur station control
operator (second party) on behalf of another person (third party).
     (45) VE.  Volunteer examiner.
     (46) VEC.  Volunteer-examiner coordinator.
   (b) The definitions of technical symbols used in this Part are:
     (1) EHF (extremely high frequency).  The frequency range 30-300 GHz.
     (2) HF (high frequency).  The frequency range 3-30 MHz.
     (3) Hz.  Hertz.
     (4) m.  Meters.
     (5) MF (medium frequency).  The frequency range 300-3000 kHz.
     (6) PEP (peak envelope power).  The average power supplied to the
antenna transmission line by a transmitter during one RF cycle at the crest
of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions.
     (7) RF.  Radio frequency.
     (8) SHF (super-high frequency). The frequency range 3-30 GHz.
     (9) UHF (ultra-high frequency). The frequency range 300-3000  MHz.
     (10) VHF (very-high frequency). The frequency range 30-300 MHz.
     (11) W.  Watts.
   (c) The following terms are used in this Part to indicate emission
types.  Refer to S 2.201 of the FCC Rules, Emission, modulation and
transmission characteristics, for information on emission type designators.
     (1) CW.  International Morse code telegraphy emissions having
designators with A, C, H, J or R as the first symbol; 1 as the second
symbol; A or B as the third symbol; and emissions J2A and J2B.
     (2) Data.  Telemetry, telecommand and computer communications
emissions having designators with A, C, D, F, G, H, J or R as the first
symbol; 1 as the second symbol; D as the third symbol; and emission J2D.
Only a digital code of a type specifically authorized in this Part may be
transmitted.
     (3) Image.  Facsimile and television emissions having designators with
A, C, D, F, G, H, J or R as the first symbol; 1, 2 or 3 as the second
symbol; C or F as the third symbol; and emissions having B as the first
symbol; 7, 8 or 9 as the second symbol; W as the third symbol.
     (4) MCW. Tone-modulated international Morse code telegraphy emissions
having designators with A, C, D, F, G, H or R as the first symbol; 2 as the
second symbol; A or B as the third symbol.
     (5) Phone. Speech and other sound emissions having designators with A,
C, D, F, G, H, J or R as the first symbol; 1, 2 or 3 as the second symbol;
E as the third symbol.  Also speech emissions having B as the first symbol;
7, 8 or 9 as the second symbol; E as the third symbol.  MCW for the purpose
of performing the station identification procedure, or for providing
telegraphy practice interspersed with speech. Incidental tones for the
purpose of selective calling or alerting or to control the level of a
demodulated signal may also be considered phone.
     (6) Pulse. Emissions having designators with K, L, M, P, Q, V or W as
the first symbol; 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 or X as the second symbol; A, B, C,
D, E, F, N, W or X as the third symbol.
     (7) RTTY.  Narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy emissions having
designators with A, C, D, F, G, H, J or R as the first symbol; 1 as the
second symbol; B as the third symbol; and emission J2B.  Only a digital
code of a type specifically authorized in this Part may be transmitted.
     (8) SS.  Spread-spectrum emissions using bandwidth-expansion
modulation emissions having designators with A, C, D, F, G, H, J or R as
the first symbol; X as the second symbol; X as the third symbol.  Only a SS
emission of a type specifically authorized in this Part may be transmitted.
     (9) Test.  Emissions containing no information having the designators
with N as the third symbol.  Test does not include pulse emissions with no
information or modulation unless pulse emissions are also authorized in the
frequency band.

S 97.5  Station license required.
   (a) The person having physical control of the station apparatus must
have been granted a station license of the type listed in paragraph (b), or
hold an unexpired document of the type listed in paragraph (c), before the
station may transmit on any amateur service frequency from any place that is:
     (1) Within 50 km of the Earth's surface and at a place where the
amateur service is regulated by the FCC;
     (2) Within 50 km of the Earth's surface and aboard any vessel or craft
that is documented or registered in the United States; or
     (3) More than 50 km above the Earth's surface aboard any craft that is
documented or registered in the United States.
   (b) The types of station licenses are:
     (1) An operator/primary station license. One, but only one,
operator/primary station license is granted to each person who is qualified
to be an amateur operator. The primary station license is granted together
with the amateur operator license. Except for a representative of a foreign
government, any person who qualifies by examination is eligible to apply
for an operator/primary station license. The operator/primary station
license document is printed on FCC Form 660.
     (2) A club station license. A club station license is granted only to
the person who is the license trustee designated by an officer of the club.
The trustee must be a person who has been granted an Amateur Extra,
Advanced, General, Technician Plus, or Technician operator license. The
club must be composed of at least two persons and must have a name, a
document of organization, management, and a primary purpose devoted to
amateur service activities consistent with this Part. The club station
license document is printed on FCC Form 660.
     (3) A military recreation station license. A military recreation
station license is granted only to the person who is the license custodian
designated by the official in charge of the United States military
recreational premises where the station is situated. The person must not be
a representative of a foreign government. The person need not have been
granted an amateur operator license. The military recreation station
license document is printed on FCC Form 660.
     (4) A RACES station license. A RACES station license is granted only
to the person who is the license custodian designated by the official
responsible for the governmental agency served by that civil defense
organization. The custodian must be the civil defense official responsible
for coordination of all civil defense activities in the area concerned. The
custodian must not be a representative of a foreign government. The
custodian need not have been granted an amateur operator license. The RACES
station license document is printed on FCC Form 660.
   (c) The types of documents are:
     (1) A reciprocal permit for alien amateur licensee (FCC Form 610-AL)
issued to the person by the FCC.
     (2) An amateur service license issued to the person by the Government
of Canada. The person must be a Canadian citizen.
   (d) A person who has been granted a station license of the type listed
in paragraph (b), or who holds an unexpired document of the type listed in
paragraph (c), is authorized to use in accordance with the FCC Rules all
transmitting apparatus under the physical control of the station licensee
at points where the amateur service is regulated by the FCC.

S 97.7  Control operator required.
   When transmitting, each amateur station must have a control operator.
The control operator must be a person who has been granted an amateur
operator/primary station license, or who holds an unexpired document of the
following types:
   (a) A reciprocal permit for alien amateur licensee (FCC Form 610-AL)
issued to the person by the FCC, or
   (b) An amateur service license issued to the person by the Government of
Canada. The person must be a Canadian citizen.

S 97.9  Operator license.
   (a) The classes of amateur operator licenses are: Novice, Technician,
Technician Plus (until such licenses expire, a Technician Class license
granted before February 14, 1991, is considered a Technician Plus Class
license), General, Advanced, and Amateur Extra. A person who has been
granted an operator license is authorized to be the control operator of an
amateur station with the privileges of the operator class specified on the
license.
   (b) A person who has been granted an operator license of Novice,
Technician, Technician Plus, General, or Advanced class and who has
properly submitted to the administering VEs an application document, FCC
Form 610, for an operator license of a higher class, and who holds a CSCE
indicating that the person has completed the necessary examinations within
the previous 365 days, is authorized to exercise the rights and privileges
of the higher operator class until final disposition of the application or
until 365 days following the passing of the examination, whichever comes
first.

S 97.11  Stations aboard ships or aircraft.
   (a) The installation and operation of an amateur station on a ship or
aircraft must be approved by the master of the ship or pilot in command of
the aircraft.
   (b) The station must be separate from and independent of all other radio
apparatus installed on the ship or aircraft, except a common antenna may be
shared with a voluntary ship radio installation.  The station's
transmissions must not cause interference to any other apparatus installed
on the ship or aircraft.
   (c) The station must not constitute a hazard to the safety of life or
property.  For a station aboard an aircraft, the apparatus shall not be
operated while the aircraft is operating under Instrument Flight Rules, as
defined by the FAA, unless the station has been found to comply with all
applicable FAA Rules.

S 97.13  Restrictions on station locations.
   (a) Before placing an amateur station on land of environmental
importance or that is significant in American history, architecture or
culture, the licensee may be required to take certain actions prescribed by
S 1.1301 - 1.1319 of the FCC Rules.
   (b) A station within 1600 m (1 mile) of an FCC monitoring facility must
protect that facility from harmful interference.  Failure to do so could
result in imposition of operating restrictions upon the amateur station by
an EIC pursuant to S 97.121 of this Part.  Geographical coordinates of the
facilities that require protection are listed in S 0.121(c) of the
FCC Rules.

S 97.15  Station antenna structures.
   (a) Unless the amateur station licensee has received prior approval from
the FCC, no antenna structure, including the  radiating elements, tower,
supports and all appurtenances, may be higher than 61 m (200 feet) above
ground level at its site.
   (b) Unless the amateur station licensee has received prior approval from
the FCC, no antenna structure, at an airport or heliport that is available
for public use and is listed in the Airport Directory of the current
Airman's Information Manual or in either the Alaska or Pacific Airman's
Guide and Chart Supplement; or at an airport or heliport under construction
that is the subject of a notice or proposal on file with the FAA, and
except for military airports, it is clearly indicated that the airport will
be available for public use; or at an airport or heliport that is operated
by the armed forces of the United States; or at a place near any of these
airports or heliports, may be higher than:
     (1) 1 m above the airport elevation for each 100 m from the nearest
runway longer than 1 km within 6.1 km of the antenna structure.
     (2) 2 m above the airport elevation for each 100 m from the nearest
runway shorter than 1 km within 3.1 km of the antenna structure.
     (3) 4 m above the airport elevation for each 100 m from the nearest
landing pad within 1.5 km of the antenna structure.
   (c) An amateur station antenna structure no higher than 6.1 m (20 feet)
above ground level at its site or no higher than 6.1 m above any natural
object or existing manmade structure, other than an antenna structure, is
exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Section.
   (d) Further details as to whether an aeronautical study is required or
if the structure must be registered, painted, or lighted are contained in
Part 17 of the FCC Rules, Construction, Marking, and Lighting of Antenna
Structures. To request approval to place an antenna structure higher than
the limits specified in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this section, the
licensee must notify the FAA using FAA Form 7460-1 and the structure
owner must register the structure using FCC Form 854.
   (e) Except as otherwise provided herein, a station antenna structure may
be erected at heights and dimensions sufficient to accommodate amateur
service communications.  [State and local regulation of a station antenna
structure must not preclude amateur service communications.  Rather, it
must reasonably accommodate such communications and must constitute the
minimum practicable regulation to accomplish the state or local authority's
legitimate purpose. See PRB-1, 101 FCC 2d 952 (1985) for details.]

S 97.17 Application for new license or reciprocal permit for alien amateur
licensee.
   (a) Any qualified person is eligible to apply for an amateur service
license.
   (b) Each application for a new amateur service license must be made on
the proper document:
     (1) FCC Form 610 for a new operator/primary station license;
     (2) FCC Form 610-A for a reciprocal permit for alien amateur licensee;
and
     (3) FCC Form 610-B for a new amateur service club or military
recreation station license.
   (c) Each application for a new operator/primary station license must be
submitted to the VEs administering the qualifying examination.
   (d) Any eligible person may apply for a reciprocal permit for alien
amateur licensee. The application document, FCC Form 610-A, must be
submitted to the FCC, 1270 Fairfield Road, Gettysburg, PA  17325-7245.
     (1) The person must be a citizen of a country with which the United
States has arrangements to grant reciprocal operating permits to visiting
alien amateur operators is eligible to apply for reciprocal permit for
alien amateur licensee.
     (2) The person must be a citizen of the same country that issued the
amateur service license.
     (3) No person who is a citizen of the United States, regardless of any
other citizenship also held, is eligible for a reciprocal permit for alien
amateur licensee.
     (4) No person who has been granted an amateur operator license is
eligible for a reciprocal permit for alien amateur licensee.
   (e) No person shall obtain or attempt to obtain, or assist another
person to obtain or attempt to obtain, an amateur service license or
reciprocal permit for alien amateur licensee by fraudulent means.
   (f) One unique call sign will be shown on the license of each new
primary, club, and military recreation station. The call sign will be
selected by the sequential call sign system.
   (g) No new license for a club, military recreation, or RACES station
will be granted.
   (h) Each application for a new club or military recreation station
license must be submitted to the FCC, 1270 Fairfield Road. Gettysburg, PA
17325-7245. No new license for a RACES station will be issued.

S 97.19 Application for a vanity call sign.
   (a) A person who has been granted an operator/primary station license or
a license trustee who has been granted a club station license is eligible
to make application for modification of the license, or the renewal
thereof, to show a call sign selected by the vanity call sign system. RACES
and military recreation stations are not eligible for a vanity call sign.
   (b) Each application for a modification of an operator/primary or club
station license, or the renewal thereof, to show a call sign selected by
the vanity call sign system must be made on FCC Form 610-V. The form must
be submitted with the proper fee to the address specified in the Wireless
Telecommunications Bureau Fee Filing Guide.
   (c) Only unassigned call signs that are available to the sequential call
sign system are available to the vanity call sign system with the following
exceptions:
     (1) A call sign shown on an expired license is not available to the
vanity call sign system for 2 years following the expiration of the
license.
     (2) A call sign shown on a surrendered, revoked, set aside, cancelled,
or voided license is not available to the vanity call sign system for 2
years following the date such action is taken.
     (3) Except for an applicant who is the spouse, child, grandchild,
stepchild, parent, grandparent, stepparent, brother, sister, stepbrother,
stepsister, aunt, uncle, niece, nephew, or in-law, and except for an
applicant who is a club station license trustee acting with the written
consent of at least one relative, as listed above, of a person now
deceased, the call sign shown on the license of a person now deceased is
not available to the vanity call sign system for 2 years following the
person's death, or for 2 years following the expiration of the license,
whichever is sooner.
   (d) The vanity call sign requested by an applicant must be selected
from the group of call signs corresponding to the same or lower class of
operator license held by the applicant as designated in the sequential call
sign system.
     (1) The applicant must request that the call sign shown on the current
license be vacated and provide a list of up to 25 call signs in order of preference.
     (2) The first assignable call sign from the applicant's list will be
shown on the license grant. When none of those call signs are assignable,
the call sign vacated by the applicant will be shown on the license grant.
     (3) Vanity call signs will be selected from those call signs assignable at the
time the application is processed by the FCC.
     (4) A call sign designated under the sequential call sign system for
Alaska, Hawaii, Caribbean Insular Areas, and Pacific Insular areas will be
assigned only to a primary or club station whose licensee's mailing address
is in the corresponding state, commonwealth, or island. This limitation
does not apply to an applicant for the call sign as the spouse, child,
grandchild, stepchild, parent, grandparent, stepparent, brother, sister,
stepbrother, stepsister, aunt, uncle, niece, nephew, or in-law, of the
former holder now deceased.

S 97.21 Application for a modified or renewed license.
   (a) A person who has been granted an amateur station license that has
not expired:
     (1) Must apply for a modification of the license as necessary to show
the correct mailing address, licensee name, club name, license trustee
name, or license custodian name. The application document must be submitted
to: FCC, 1270 Fairfield Road, Gettysburg, PA  17325-7245. For an
operator/primary station license, the application must be made on FCC Form
610. For a club, military recreation, or RACES station license, the
application must be made on FCC Form 610-B.
     (2) May apply for a modification of the license to show a higher
operator class. The application must be made on FCC Form 610 and must be
submitted to the VEs administering the qualifying examination.
     (3) May apply for renewal of the license for another term. (The FCC
may mail to the licensee an FCC Form 610-R that may be used for this
purpose.)
       (i) When the license does not show a call sign selected by the
vanity call sign system, the application may be made on FCC Form 610-R if
it is received from the FCC. If the Form 610-R is not received from the FCC
within 30 days of the expiration date of the license for an
operator/primary station license, the application may be made on FCC Form
610. For a club, military recreation, or RACES station license, the
application may be made on FCC Form 610-B. The application may be submitted
no more than 90 days before its expiration to: FCC, 1270 Fairfield Road,
Gettysburg, PA 17325-7245. When the application for renewal of the license
has been received by the FCC at 1270 Fairfield Road, Gettysburg, PA 17325-
7245 on or before the license expiration date, the license operating authority
is continued until the final disposition of the application.
       (ii) When the license shows a call sign selected by the vanity
call sign system, the application must be filed as specified in Section
97.19(b). When the application has been received at the proper address
specified in the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau Fee Filing Guide on or
before the license expiration date, the license operating authority is
continued until final disposition of the application.
     (4) May apply for a modification of the license to show a different
call sign selected by the sequential call sign system. The application
document must be submitted to: FCC, 1270 Fairfield Road, Gettysburg, PA
17325-7245. The application must be made on FCC Form 610. This modification
is not available to club, military recreation, or RACES stations.
   (b) A person who had been granted an amateur station license, but the
license has expired, may apply for renewal of the license for another term
during a 2 year filing grace period. The application document must be
received by the FCC at 1270 Fairfield Road, Gettysburg, PA  17325-7245
prior to the end of the grace period. For an operator/primary station
license, the application must be made on FCC Form 610. For a club, military
recreation, or RACES station license, the application must be made on FCC
Form 610-B. Unless and until the license is renewed, no privileges in the
Part are conferred.
   (c) Each application for a modified or renewed amateur service license
must be accompanied by a photocopy (or the original) of the license
document unless an application for renewal using FCC Form 610-R is being
made, or unless the original document has been lost, mutilated or
destroyed.
   (d) Unless the holder of a station license requests a change in call
sign, the same call sign will be assigned to the station upon renewal or
modification of a station license.
   (e) A reciprocal permit for alien amateur licensee cannot be renewed. A
new reciprocal permit for alien amateur licensee may be issued upon proper
application.

S 97.23 Mailing address.
   (a) Each application for a license and each application for a reciprocal
permit for alien amateur licensee must show a mailing address in an area
where the amateur service is regulated by the FCC and where the licensee or
permittee can receive mail delivery by the United States Postal Service.
Each application for a reciprocal permit for alien amateur licensee must
also show the permittee's mailing address in the country of citizenship.
   (b) When there is a change in the mailing address for a person who has
been granted an amateur operator/primary station license, the person must
file a timely application for a modification of the license. Revocation of
the station license or suspension of the operator license may result when
correspondence from the FCC is returned as undeliverable because the person
failed to provide the correct mailing address.
   (c) When a person who has been granted a reciprocal permit for alien
amateur licensee changes the mailing address where he or she can receive
mail delivery by the United States Postal Service, the person must file an
application for a new permit. Cancellation of the reciprocal permit for
alien amateur licensee may result when correspondence from the FCC is
returned as undeliverable because the permittee failed to provide the
correct mailing address.

S 97.25 License term.
   (a) An amateur service license is normally granted for a 10-year term.
   (b) A reciprocal permit for alien amateur licensee is normally granted
for a 1-year term.

S 97.27 FCC modification of station license.
   (a) The FCC may modify a station license, either for a limited time or
for the duration of the term thereof, if it determines:
     (1) That such action will promote the public interest, convenience,
and necessity; or
     (2) That such action will promote fuller compliance with the
provisions of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, or of any treaty
ratified by the United States.
   (b) When the FCC makes such a determination, it will issue an order of
modification. The order will not become final until the licensee is
notified in writing of the proposed action and the grounds and reasons
therefor. The licensee will be given reasonable opportunity of no less than
30 days to protest the modification; except that, where safety of life or
property is involved, a shorter period of notice may be provided. Any
protest by a licensee of an FCC order of modification will be handled in
accordance with the provisions of 47 U.S.C. S 316.

S 97.29 Replacement license document.
   Each person who has been granted an amateur station license or
reciprocal permit for alien amateur licensee whose original license
document or permit document is lost, mutilated or destroyed must request a
replacement. The request must be made to: FCC, 1270 Fairfield Road,
Gettysburg, PA  17325-7245. A statement of how the document  was lost,
mutilated, or destroyed must be attached to the request. A replacement
document must bear the same expiration date as the document that it
replaces.


Subpart B--Station Operation Standards

S 97.101  General standards.
   (a) In all respects not specifically covered by FCC Rules each amateur
station must be operated in accordance with good engineering and good
amateur practice.
   (b) Each station licensee and each control operator must cooperate in
selecting transmitting channels and in making the most effective use of the
amateur service frequencies.  No frequency will be assigned for the
exclusive use of any station.
   (c) At all times and on all frequencies, each control operator must give
priority to stations providing emergency communications, except to stations
transmitting communications for training drills and tests in RACES.
   (d) No amateur operator shall willfully or maliciously interfere with or
cause interference to any radio communication or signal.

S 97.103  Station licensee responsibilities.
   (a) The station licensee is responsible for the proper operation of the
station in accordance with the FCC Rules.  When the control operator is a
different amateur operator than the station licensee, both persons are
equally responsible for proper operation of the station.
   (b) The station licensee must designate the station control operator.
The FCC will presume that the station licensee is also the control
operator, unless documentation to the contrary is in the station records.
   (c) The station licensee must make the station and the station records
available for inspection upon request by an FCC representative.  When
deemed necessary by an EIC to assure compliance with FCC Rules, the station
licensee must maintain a record of station operations containing such items
of information as the EIC may require in accord with S 0.314(x) of the FCC
Rules.

S 97.105  Control operator duties.
   (a) The control operator must ensure the immediate proper operation of
the station, regardless of the type of control.
   (b) A station may only be operated in the manner and to the extent
permitted by the privileges authorized for the class of operator license
held by the control operator.

S 97.107  Alien control operator privileges.
   (a) The privileges available to a control operator holding an amateur
service license issued by the Government of Canada are:
     (1) The terms of the Convention Between the United States and Canada
(TIAS no. 2508) Relating to the Operation by Citizens of Either Country of
Certain Radio Equipment or Stations in the Other Country;
     (2) The operating terms and conditions of the amateur service license
issued by the Government of Canada; and
     (3) The applicable provisions of the FCC Rules, but not to exceed the
control operator privileges of an FCC-issued Amateur Extra Class operator
license.
   (b) The privileges available to a control operator holding an FCC-issued
reciprocal permit for alien amateur licensee are:
     (1) The terms of the agreement between the alien's government and the
United States;
     (2) The operating terms and conditions of the amateur service license
issued by the alien's government;
     (3) The applicable provisions of the FCC Rules, but not to exceed the
control operator privileges of an FCC-issued Amateur Extra Class operator
license; and
     (4) None, if the holder of the reciprocal permit has obtained an FCC-
issued operator/primary station license.
   (c) At any time the FCC may, in its discretion, modify, suspend, or
cancel the amateur service privileges within or over any area where radio
services are regulated by the FCC of any Canadian amateur service licensee
or alien reciprocal permittee.

S 97.109  Station control.
   (a) Each amateur station must have at least one control point.
   (b) When a station is being locally controlled, the control operator
must be at the control point.  Any station may be locally controlled.
   (c) When a station is being remotely controlled, the control operator
must be at the control point. Any station may be remotely controlled.
   (d) When a station is being automatically controlled, the control
operator need not be at the control point. Only stations specifically
designated elsewhere in this Part may be automatically controlled.
Automatic control must cease upon notification by an EIC that the station
is transmitting improperly or causing harmful interference to other
stations. Automatic control must not be resumed without prior approval of
the EIC.
   (e) No station may be automatically controlled while transmitting third
party communications, except a station transmitting a RTTY or data
emission. All messages that are retransmitted must originate at a station
that is being locally or remotely controlled.

S 97.111  Authorized transmissions.
   (a) An amateur station may transmit the following types of two-way
communications:
     (1) Transmissions necessary to exchange messages with other stations
in the amateur service, except those in any country whose administration
has given notice that it objects to such communications.  The FCC will
issue public notices of current arrangements for international
communications;
     (2) Transmissions necessary to exchange messages with a station in
another FCC-regulated service while providing emergency communications;
     (3) Transmissions necessary to exchange messages with a United States
government station, necessary to providing communications in RACES; and
     (4) Transmissions necessary to exchange messages with a station in a
service not regulated by the FCC, but authorized by the FCC to communicate
with amateur stations.  An amateur station may exchange messages with a
participating United States military station during an Armed Forces Day
Communications Test.
   (b) In addition to one-way transmissions specifically authorized
elsewhere in this Part, an amateur station may transmit the following types
of one-way communications:
     (1) Brief transmissions necessary to make adjustments to the station;
     (2) Brief transmissions necessary to establishing two-way
communications with other stations;
     (3) Telecommand;
     (4) Transmissions necessary to providing emergency communications;
     (5) Transmissions necessary to assisting persons learning, or
improving proficiency in, the international Morse code;
     (6) Transmissions necessary to disseminate information bulletins;
     (7) Transmissions of telemetry.

S 97.113  Prohibited transmissions.
   (a) No amateur station shall transmit:
    (1) Communications specifically prohibited elsewhere in this Part;
    (2) Communications for hire or for material compensation, direct or
indirect, paid or promised, except as otherwise provided in these rules;
    (3) Communications in which the station licensee or control operator
has a pecuniary interest, including communications on behalf of an
employer. Amateur operators may, however, notify other amateur operators of
the availability for sale or trade of apparatus normally used in an amateur
station, provided that such activity is not conducted on a regular basis;
    (4) Music using a phone emission except as specifically provided
elsewhere in this Section; communications intended to facilitate a criminal
act; messages in codes or ciphers intended to obscure the meaning thereof,
except as otherwise provided herein; obscene or indecent words or language;
or false or deceptive messages, signals or identification;
    (5) Communications, on a regular basis, which could reasonably be
furnished alternatively through other radio services.
   (b) An amateur station shall not engage in any form of broadcasting, nor
may an amateur station transmit one-way communications except as
specifically provided in these rules; nor shall an amateur station engage
in any activity related to program production or news gathering for
broadcasting purposes, except that communications directly related to the
immediate safety of human life or the protection of property may be
provided by amateur stations to broadcasters for dissemination to the
public where no other means of communication is reasonably available before
or at the time of the event.
   (c) A control operator may accept compensation as an incident of a
teaching position during periods of time when an amateur station is used by
that teacher as a part of classroom instruction at an educational
institution.
   (d) The control operator of a club station may accept compensation for
the periods of time when the station is transmitting telegraphy practice or
information bulletins, provided that the station transmits such telegraphy
practice and bulletins for at least 40 hours per week; schedules operations
on at least six amateur service MF and HF bands using reasonable measures
to maximize coverage; where the schedule of normal operating times and
frequencies is published at least 30 days in advance of the actual
transmissions; and where the control operator does not accept any direct or
indirect compensation for any other service as a control operator.
   (e) No station shall retransmit programs or signals emanating from any
type of radio station other than an amateur station, except propagation and
weather forecast information intended for use by the general public and
originated from United States Government stations and communications,
including incidental music, originating on United States Government
frequencies between a space shuttle and its associated Earth stations.
Prior approval for shuttle retransmissions must be obtained from the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Such retransmissions must be
for the exclusive use of amateur operators. Propagation, weather forecasts,
and shuttle retransmissions may not be conducted on a regular basis, but
only occasionally, as an incident of normal amateur radio communications.
   (f) No amateur station, except an auxiliary, repeater or space station,
may automatically retransmit the radio signals of other amateur stations.

S 97.115  Third party communications.
   (a) An amateur station may transmit messages for a third party to:
     (1) Any station within the jurisdiction of the United States.
     (2) Any station within the jurisdiction of any foreign government
whose administration has made arrangements with the United States to allow
amateur stations to be used for transmitting international communications
on behalf of third parties.  No station shall transmit messages for a third
party to any station within the jurisdiction of any foreign government
whose administration has not made such an arrangement.  This prohibition
does not apply to a message for any third party who is eligible to be a
control operator of the station.
   (b) The third party may participate in stating the message where:
     (1) The control operator is present at the control point and is
continuously monitoring and supervising the third party's participation;
and
     (2) The third party is not a prior amateur service licensee whose
license was revoked; suspended for less than the balance of the license
term and the suspension is still in effect; suspended for the balance of
the license term and relicensing has not taken place; or surrendered for
cancellation following notice of revocation, suspension or monetary
forfeiture proceedings.  The third party may not be the subject of a cease
and desist order which relates to amateur service operation and which is
still in effect.
   (c) At the end of an exchange of international third party
communications, the station must also transmit in the station
identification procedure the call sign of the station with which a third
party message was exchanged.

S 97.117  International communications.
   Transmissions to a different country, where permitted, shall be made in
plain language and shall be limited to messages of a technical nature
relating to tests, and, to remarks of a personal character for which, by
reason of their unimportance, recourse to the public telecommunications
service is not justified.

S 97.119 Station identification.
   (a) Each amateur station, except a space station or telecommand station,
must transmit its assigned call sign on its transmitting channel at the end
of each communication, and at least every ten minutes during a
communication, for the purpose of clearly making the source of the
transmissions from the station known to those receiving the transmissions.
No station may transmit unidentified communications or signals, or transmit
as the station call sign, any call sign not authorized to the station.
   (b) The call sign must be transmitted with an emission authorized for
the transmitting channel in one of the following ways:
     (1) By a CW emission.  When keyed by an automatic device used only for
identification, the speed must not exceed 20 words per minute;
     (2) By a phone emission in the English language.  Use of a standard
phonetic alphabet as an aid for correct station identification is
encouraged;
     (3) By a RTTY emission using a specified digital code when all or part
of the communications are transmitted by a RTTY or data emission;
     (4) By an image emission conforming to the applicable transmission
standards, either color or monochrome, of S 73.682(a) of the FCC Rules when
all or part of the communications are transmitted in the same image
emission; or
     (5) By a CW or phone emission during SS emission transmission on a
narrow bandwidth frequency segment. Alternatively, by the changing of one
or more parameters of the emission so that a conventional CW or phone
emission receiver can be used to determine the station call sign.
   (c) An indicator may be included with the call sign.  It must be
separated from the call sign by the slant mark or by any suitable word that
denotes the slant mark. If the indicator is self-assigned it must be
included after the call sign and must not conflict with any other indicator
specified by the FCC Rules or with any prefix assigned to another country.
   (d) When the operator license class held by the control operator exceeds
that of the station licensee, an indicator consisting of the call sign
assigned to the control operator's station must be included after the call
sign.
   (e) When the control operator who is exercising the rights and
privileges authorized by S 97.9(b) of this Part, an indicator must be
included after the call sign as follows:
     (1) For a control operator who has requested a license modification
from Novice to Technician Class: KT;
     (2) For a control operator who has requested a license modification
from Novice or Technician Class to General Class: AG;
     (3) For a control operator who has requested a license modification
from Novice, Technician, or General Class operator to Advanced Class: AA;
or
     (4) For a control operator who has requested a license modification
from Novice, Technician, General, or Advanced Class operator to Amateur
Extra Class: AE.
   (f) When the station is transmitting under the authority of a reciprocal
permit for alien amateur licensee, an indicator consisting of the
appropriate letter-numeral designating the station location must be
included before the call sign issued to the station by the licensing
country.  When the station is transmitting under the authority of an
amateur service license issued by the Government of Canada, a station
location indicator must be included after the call sign.  At least once
during each intercommunication, the identification announcement must
include the geographical location as nearly as possible by city and state,
commonwealth or possession.

S 97.121  Restricted operation.
   (a) If the operation of an amateur station causes general interference
to the reception of transmissions from stations operating in the domestic
broadcast service when receivers of good engineering design, including
adequate selectivity characteristics, are used to receive such
transmissions, and this fact is made known to the amateur station licensee,
the amateur station shall not be operated during the hours from 8 p.m. to
10:30 p.m., local time, and on Sunday for the additional period from 10:30
a.m. until 1 p.m., local time, upon the frequency or frequencies used when
the interference is created.
   (b) In general, such steps as may be necessary to minimize interference
to stations operating in other services may be required after investigation
by the FCC.


Subpart C--Special Operations

S 97.201  Auxiliary station.
   (a) Any amateur station licensed to a holder of a Technician, General,
Advanced or Amateur Extra Class operator license may be an auxiliary
station.  A holder of a Technician, General, Advanced or Amateur Extra
Class operator license may be the control operator of an auxiliary station,
subject to the privileges of the class of operator license held.
   (b) An auxiliary station may transmit only on the 1.25 m and shorter
wavelength bands, except the 219-220 MHz, 222.000-222.150 MHz,
431-433 MHz and 435-438 MHz segments.
   (c) Where an auxiliary station causes harmful interference to another
auxiliary station, the licensees are equally and fully responsible for
resolving the interference unless one station's operation is recommended by
a frequency coordinator and the other station's is not.  In that case, the
licensee of the non-coordinated auxiliary station has primary
responsibility to resolve the interference.
   (d) An auxiliary station may be automatically controlled.
   (e) An auxiliary station may transmit one-way communications.

S 97.203  Beacon station.
   (a) Any amateur station licensed to a holder of a Technician, General,
Advanced or Amateur Extra Class operator license may be a beacon.  A holder
of a Technician, General, Advanced or Amateur Extra Class operator license
may be the control operator of a beacon, subject to the privileges of the
class of operator license held.
   (b) A beacon must not concurrently transmit on more than 1 channel in
the same amateur service frequency band, from the same station location.
   (c) The transmitter power of a beacon must not exceed 100 W.
   (d) A beacon may be automatically controlled while it is transmitting on
the 28.20-28.30 MHz, 50.06-50.08 MHz, 144.275-144.300 MHz, 222.05-222.06
MHz, or 432.300-432.400 MHz segments, or on the 33 cm and shorter
wavelength bands.
   (e) Before establishing an automatically controlled beacon in the
National Radio Quiet Zone or before changing the transmitting frequency,
transmitter power, antenna height or directivity, the station licensee must
give written notification thereof to the Interference Office, National
Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box 2, Green Bank, WV 24944.
     (1) The notification must include the geographical coordinates of the
antenna, antenna ground elevation above mean sea level (AMSL), antenna
center of radiation above ground level (AGL), antenna directivity,
proposed frequency, type of emission, and transmitter power.
     (2) If an objection to the proposed operation is received by the FCC
from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory at Green Bank, Pocahontas
County, WV, for itself or on behalf of the Naval Research Laboratory at
Sugar Grove, Pendleton County, WV, within 20 days from the date of
notification, the FCC will consider all aspects of the problem and take
whatever action is deemed appropriate.
   (f) A beacon must cease transmissions upon notification by an EIC that
the station is operating improperly or causing undue interference to other
operations.  The beacon may not resume transmitting without prior approval
of the EIC.
   (g) A beacon may transmit one-way communications.

S 97.205  Repeater station.
   (a) Any amateur station licensed to a holder of a Technician, General,
Advanced or Amateur Extra Class operator license may be a repeater.  A
holder of a Technician, General, Advanced or Amateur Extra Class operator
license may be the control operator of a repeater, subject to the
privileges of the class of operator license held.
   (b) A repeater may receive and retransmit only on the 10 m and shorter
wavelength frequency bands except the 28.0-29.5 MHz, 50.0-51.0 MHz, 144.0-
144.5 MHz, 145.5-146.0 MHz, 222.00-222.15 MHz, 431.0-433.0 MHz and 435.0-
438.0 MHz segments.
   (c) Where the transmissions of a repeater cause harmful interference to
another repeater, the two station licensees are equally and fully
responsible for resolving the interference unless the operation of one
station is recommended by a frequency coordinator and the operation of the
other station is not.  In that case, the licensee of the noncoordinated
repeater has primary responsibility to resolve the interference.
   (d) A repeater may be automatically controlled.
   (e) Ancillary functions of a repeater that are available to users on the
input channel are not considered remotely controlled functions of the
station.  Limiting the use of a repeater to only certain user stations is
permissible.
   (f) Before establishing a repeater in the National Radio Quiet Zone or
before changing the transmitting frequency, transmitter power, antenna
height or directivity, or the location of an existing repeater, the station
licensee must give written notification thereof to the Interference Office,
National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box 2, Green Bank, WV 24944.
     (1) The notification must include the geographical coordinates of the
station antenna, antenna ground elevation above mean sea level (AMSL),
antenna center of radiation above ground level (AGL), antenna directivity,
proposed frequency, type of emission, and transmitter power.
     (2) If an objection to the proposed operation is received by the FCC
from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory at Green Bank, Pocahontas
County, WV, for itself or on behalf of the Naval Research Laboratory at
Sugar Grove, Pendleton County, WV, within 20 days from the date of
notification, the FCC will consider all aspects of the problem and take
whatever action is deemed appropriate.
 (g) The control operator of a repeater that retransmits inadvertently
communiations that violate the rules in this Part is not accountable for
the violative communications.

S 97.207  Space station.
   (a) Any amateur station may be a space station.  A holder of any class
operator license may be the control operator of a space station, subject to
the privileges of the class of operator license held by the control
operator.
   (b) A space station must be capable of effecting a cessation of
transmissions by telecommand whenever such cessation is ordered by the FCC.
   (c) The following frequency bands and segments are authorized to space
stations:
     (1) The 17 m, 15 m, 12 m and 10 m bands, 6 mm, 4 mm, 2 mm and 1 mm
bands; and
     (2) The 7.0-7.1 MHz, 14.00-14.25 MHz, 144-146 MHz, 435-438 MHz, 1260-
1270 MHz and 2400-2450 MHz, 3.40-3.41 GHz, 5.83-5.85 GHz, 10.45-10.50 GHz
and 24.00-24.05 GHz segments.
   (d) A space station may automatically retransmit the radio signals of
Earth stations and other space stations.
   (e) A space station may transmit one-way communications.
   (f) Space telemetry transmissions may consist of specially coded
messages intended to facilitate communications or related to the function
of the spacecraft.
   (g) The licensee of each space station must give two written, pre-space
station notifications to the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau,
FCC, Washington, D.C.  20554.  Each notification must be in accord
with the provisions of Articles 11 and 13 of the Radio Regulations.
     (1) The first notification is required no less than 27 months prior to
initiating space station transmissions and must specify the information
required by Appendix 4, and Resolution No. 642 of the Radio Regulations.
     (2) The second notification is required no less than 5 months prior to
initiating space station transmissions and must specify the information
required by Appendix 3 and Resolution No. 642 of the Radio Regulations.
   (h) The licensee of each space station must give a written, in-space
station notification to the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau,
FCC, Washington, D.C. 20554, no later than 7 days following initiation
of space station transmissions.  The notification must update the
 information contained in the pre-space notification.
   (i) The licensee of each space station must give a written, post-space
notification to the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau,
FCC, Washington, D.C. 20554, no later than 3 months after termination of
the space station transmissions.  When the termination is ordered by the
FCC, notification is required no later than 24 hours after termination.

S 97.209  Earth station.
   (a) Any amateur station may be an Earth station.  A holder of any class
operator license may be the control operator of an Earth station, subject
to the privileges of the class of operator license held by the control
operator.
   (b) The following frequency bands and segments are authorized to Earth
stations:
     (1) The 17 m, 15 m, 12 m and 10 m bands, 6 mm, 4 mm, 2 mm and 1 mm
bands; and
     (2) The 7.0-7.1 MHz, 14.00-14.25 MHz, 144-146 MHz, 435-438 MHz, 1260-
1270 MHz  and 2400-2450 MHz, 3.40-3.41 GHz, 5.65-5.67 GHz, 10.45-10.50 GHz
and 24.00-24.05 GHz segments.

S 97.211  Space Telecommand station.
   (a) Any amateur station designated by the licensee of a space station is
eligible to transmit as a telecommand station for that space station,
subject to the privileges of the class of operator license held by the
control operator.
   (b) A telecommand station may transmit special codes intended to obscure
the meaning of telecommand messages to the station in space operation.
   (c) The following frequency bands and segments are authorized to
telecommand stations:
     (1) The 17 m, 15 m, 12 m and 10 m bands, 6 mm, 4 mm, 2 mm and 1 mm
bands; and
     (2) The 7.0-7.1 MHz, 14.00-14.25 MHz, 144-146 MHz, 435-438 MHz, 1260-
1270 MHz and 2400-2450 MHz, 3.40-3.41 GHz, 5.65-5.67 GHz, 10.45-10.50 GHz
and 24.00-24.05 GHz segments.
   (d) A telecommand station may transmit one-way communications.

S 97.213  Telecommand of an amateur station.
   An amateur station on or within 50 km of the Earth's surface may be
under telecommand where:
 (a) There is a radio or wireline control link between the control point
and the station sufficient for the control operator to perform his/her
duties.  If radio, the control link must use an auxiliary station.  A
control link using a fiber optic cable or another telecommunication service
is considered wireline.
   (b) Provisions are incorporated to limit transmission by the station to
a period of no more than 3 minutes in the event of malfunction in the
control link.
   (c) The station is protected against making, willfully or negligently,
unauthorized transmissions.
   (d) A photocopy of the station license and a label with the name,
address, and telephone number of the station licensee and at least one
designated control operator is posted in a conspicuous place at the station
location.

S 97.215  Telecommand of model craft.
   An amateur station transmitting signals to control a model craft may be
operated as follows:
   (a) The station identification procedure is not required for
transmissions directed only to the model craft, provided that a label
indicating the station call sign and the station licensee's name and
address is affixed to the station transmitter.
   (b) The control signals are not considered codes or ciphers intended to
obscure the meaning of the communication.
   (c) The transmitter power must not exceed 1 W.

S 97.217 Telemetry.
   Telemetry transmitted by an amateur station on or within 50 km of the
Earth's surface is not considered to be codes or ciphers intended to
obscure the meaning of communications.

S 97.219 Message forwarding system.
 (a) Any amateur station may participate in a message forwarding system,
subject to the privileges of the class of operator license held.
 (b) For stations participating in a message forwarding system, the control
operator of the station originating a message is primarily accountable for
any violation of the rules in this Part contained in the message.
 (c) Except as noted in paragraph (d) of this section, for stations
participating in a message forwarding system, the control operators of
forwarding stations that retransmit inadvertently communications that
violate the rules in this Part are not accountable for the violative
communications. They are, however, responsible for discontinuing such
communications once they become aware of their presence.
 (d) For stations participating in a message forwarding system, the control
operator of the first forwarding station must:
  (1) Authenticate the identity of the station from which it accepts
communication on behalf of the system; or
  (2) Accept accountability for any violation of the rules in this Part
contained in messages it retransmits to the system.

S 97.221 Automatically controlled digital station.
   (a) This rule section does not apply to an auxiliary station, a beacon
station, a repeater station, an earth station, a space station, or a space
telecommand station.
   (b) A station may be automatically controlled while transmitting a RTTY
or data emission on the 6m or shorter wavelength bands, and on the 28.120-
28.189 MHz, 24.925-24.930 MHz, 21.090-21.100 MHz, 18.105-18.110 MHz,
14.0950-14.0995 MHz, 14.1005-14.112 MHz, 10.140-10.150 MHz, 7.100-7.105 MHz,
or 3.620-3.635 MHz segments.
   (c) A station may be automatically controlled while transmitting a RTTY
or data emission on any other frequency authorized for such emission types
provided that:
     (1) The station is responding to interrogation by a station under
local or remote control; and
     (2) No transmission from the automatically controlled station occupies
a bandwidth of more than 500 Hz.


Subpart D--Technical Standards

S 97.301 Authorized frequency bands.
   The following transmitting frequency bands are available to an amateur
station located within 50 km of the Earth's surface, within the specified
ITU Region, and outside any area where the amateur service is regulated by
any authority other than the FCC.
   (a) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an
operator license of Technician, Technician Plus, General, Advanced, or
Amateur Extra Class:
Wavelength  ITU            ITU           ITU          Sharing requirements
band        Region 1       Region 2      Region 3     See S 97.303, Paragraph:

VHF         MHz            MHz            MHz
6 m         --             50-54          50-54           (a)
2 m         144-146        144-148        144-148         (a)
1.25 m      --             219-220        --              (a), (e)
-do-        --             222-225        --              (a)

UHF         MHz            MHz            MHz
70 cm       430-440        420-450        420-450         (a), (b), (f)
33 cm       --             902-928        --              (a), (b), (g)
23 cm       1240-1300      1240-1300      1240-1300       (h), (i)
13 cm       2300-2310      2300-2310      2300-2310       (a), (b), (j)
-do-        2390-2450      2390-2450      2390-2450       (a), (b), (j)

SHF         GHz            GHz            GHz
9 cm        --             3.3-3.5        3.3-3.5         (a), (b), (k), (l)
5 cm        5.650-5.850    5.650-5.925    5.650-5.850     (a), (b), (m)
3 cm        10.00-10.50    10.00-10.50    10.00-10.50     (b), (c), (i), (n)
1.2 cm      24.00-24.25    24.00-24.25    24.00-24.25     (a), (b), (h), (o)

EHF         GHz            GHz            GHz
6 mm        47.0-47.2      47.0-47.2      47.0-47.2
4 mm        75.5-81.0      75.5-81.0      75.5-81.0       (b), (c), (h)
2.5 mm      119.98-120.02  119.98-120.02  119.98-120.02   (k), (p)
2 mm        142-149        142-149        142-149         (b), (c), (h), (k)
1 mm        241-250        241-250        241-250         (b), (c), (h), (q)
--          above 300      above 300      above 300       (k)

   (b) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an
operator license of Amateur Extra Class:
Wavelength  ITU            ITU            ITU         Sharing requirements
band        Region 1       Region 2       Region 3    See S 97.303, Paragraph:

MF          kHz            kHz            kHz
160 m       1810-1850      1800-2000      1800-2000       (a), (b), (c)

HF          MHz            MHz            MHz
80 m        3.50-3.75      3.50-3.75      3.50-3.75       (a)
75 m        3.75-3.80      3.75-4.00      3.75-3.90       (a)
40 m        7.0-7.1        7.0-7.3        7.0-7.1         (a)
30 m        10.10-10.15    10.10-10.15    10.10-10.15     (d)
20 m        14.00-14.35    14.00-14.35    14.00-14.35
17 m        18.068-18.168  18.068-18.168  18.068-18.168
15 m        21.00-21.45    21.00-21.45    21.00-21.45
12 m        24.89-24.99    24.89-24.99    24.89-24.99
10 m        28.0-29.7      28.0-29.7      28.0-29.7

   (c) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an
operator license of Advanced Class:
Wavelength  ITU            ITU            ITU         Sharing requirements
band        Region 1       Region 2       Region 3    See S 97.303, Paragraph:

MF          kHz            kHz            kHz
160 m       1810-1850      1800-2000      1800-2000       (a), (b), (c)

HF          MHz            MHz            MHz
80 m        3.525-3.750    3.525-3.750    3.525-3.750     (a)
75 m        3.775-3.800    3.775-4.000    3.775-3.900     (a)
40 m        7.025-7.100    7.025-7.300    7.025-7.100     (a)
30 m        10.10-10.15    10.10-10.15    10.10-10.15     (d)
20 m        14.025-14.150  14.025-14.150  14.025-14.150
-do-        14.175-14.350  14.175-14.350  14.175-14.350
17 m        18.068-18.168  18.068-18.168  18.068-18.168
15 m        21.025-21.200  21.025-21.200  21.025-21.200
-do-        21.225-21.450  21.225-21.450  21.225-21.450
12 m        24.89-24.99    24.89-24.99    24.89-24.99
10 m        28.0-29.7      28.0-29.7      28.0-29.7

   (d) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an
operator license of General Class:
Wavelength  ITU            ITU            ITU         Sharing requirements
band        Region 1       Region 2       Region 3    See S 97.303, Paragraph:

MF          kHz            kHz            kHz
160 m       1810-1850      1800-2000      1800-2000       (a), (b), (c)

HF          MHz            MHz            MHz
80 m        3.525-3.750    3.525-3.750    3.525-3.750     (a)
75 m        --             3.85-4.00      3.85-3.90       (a)
40 m        7.025-7.100    7.025-7.150    7.025-7.100     (a)
-do-        --             7.225-7.300    --              (a)
30 m        10.10-10.15    10.10-10.15    10.10-10.15     (d)
20 m        14.025-14.150  14.025-14.150  14.025-14.150
-do-        14.225-14.350  14.225-14.350  14.225-14.350
17 m        18.068-18.168  18.068-18.168  18.068-18.168
15 m        21.025-21.200  21.025-21.200  21.025-21.200
-do-        21.30-21.45    21.30-21.45    21.30-21.45
12 m        24.89-24.99    24.89-24.99    24.89-24.99
10 m        28.0-29.7      28.0-29.7      28.0-29.7

   (e) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an
operator license of Novice or Technician Plus Class:
Wavelength  ITU            ITU            ITU         Sharing requirements
band        Region 1       Region 2       Region 3    See S 97.303, Paragraph:

HF          MHz            MHz            MHz
80 m        3.675-3.725    3.675-3.725    3.675-3.725     (a)
40 m        7.050-7.075    7.10-7.15      7.050-7.075     (a)
15 m        21.10-21.20    21.10-21.20    21.10-21.20
10 m        28.1-28.5      28.1-28.5      28.1-28.5

   (f) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an
operator license of  Novice Class:
Wavelength  ITU            ITU            ITU         Sharing requirements
band        Region 1       Region 2       Region 3    See S 97.303, Paragraph:

VHF         MHz            MHz            MHz
1.25 m      --             222-225        --              (a)

UHF         MHz            MHz            MHz
23 cm       1270-1295      1270-1295      1270-1295       (h), (I)

S 97.303 Frequency sharing requirements.
   The following is a summary of the frequency sharing requirements that
apply to amateur station transmissions on the frequency bands specified in
S 97.301 of this Part. (For each ITU Region, each frequency band allocated
to the amateur service is designated as either a secondary service or a
primary service. A station in a secondary service must not cause harmful
interference to, and must accept interference from, stations in a primary
service. See SS 2.105 and 2.106 of the FCC Rules, United States Table of
Frequency Allocations for complete requirements.)
   (a) Where, in adjacent ITU Regions or Subregions, a band of frequencies
is allocated to different services of the same category, the basic
principle is the equality of right to operate. The stations of each
service in one region must operate so as not to cause harmful interference
to services in the other Regions or Subregions. (See ITU Radio Regulations,
No. 346 (Geneva, 1979).)
   (b) No amateur station transmitting in the 1900-2000 kHz segment, the 70
cm band, the 33 cm band, the 13 cm band, the 9 cm band, the 5 cm band, the
3 cm band, the 24.05-24.25 GHz segment, the 76-81 GHz segment, the 144-149
GHz segment and the 241-248 GHz segment shall cause harmful interference
to, nor is protected from interference due to the operation of, the
Government radiolocation service.
   (c) No amateur station transmitting in the 1900-2000 kHz segment, the 3
cm band, the 76-81 GHz segment, the 144-149 GHz segment and the 241-248 GHz
segment shall cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from
interference due to the operation of, stations in the non-Government
radiolocation service.
   (d) No amateur station transmitting in the 30 meter band shall cause
harmful interference to stations authorized by other nations in the fixed
service. The licensee of the amateur station must make all necessary
adjustments, including termination of transmissions, if harmful
interference is caused.
   (e) In the 1.25 m band:
     (1) Use of the 219-220 MHz segment is limited to amateur stations
participating, as forwarding stations, in point-to-point fixed digital
message forwarding systems, including intercity packet backbone networks.
It is not available for other purposes.
     (2) No amateur station transmitting in the 219-220 MHz segment shall
cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference due to
operation of Automated Maritime Telecommunications Systems (AMTS),
television broadcasting on channels 11 and 13, Interactive Video and Data
Service systems, Land Mobile Services systems, or any other service having
a primary allocation in or adjacent to the band.
     (3) No amateur station may transmit in the 219-220 MHz segment unless
the licensee has given written notification of the station's specific
geographic location for such transmissions in order to be incorporated into
a data base that has been made available to the public. The notification
must be given at least 30 days prior to making such transmissions. The
notification must be given to:
          The American Radio Relay League
          225 Main Street
          Newington, CT  06111-1494
     (4) No amateur station may transmit in the 219-220 MHz segment from a
location that is within 640 km of an AMTS Coast Station that uses frequencies
in the 217-218/219-220 MHz AMTS bands unless the amateur station licensee has
given written notification of the station's specific geographic location for
such transmissions to the AMTS licensee. The notification must be given at
least 30 days prior to making such transmissions. The location of AMTS Coast
Stations using the 217-218/219-220 MHz channels may be obtained from
either:

          The American Radio Relay League
          225 Main Street
          Newington, CT  06111-1494
   or
          Interactive Systems, Inc.
          Suite 1103
          1601 North Kent Street
          Arlington, VA  22209
          Fax: [phone]
          Phone: [phone]

     (5) No amateur station may transmit in the 219-220 MHz segment from a
location that is within 80 km of an AMTS Coast Station that uses frequencies
in the 217-218/219-220 MHz AMTS bands unless that amateur station licensee
holds written approval from that AMTS licensee. The location of AMTS Coast
Stations using the 217-218/219-220 MHz channels may be obtained as noted
in paragraph (e)(4) of this section.
   (f) In the 70 cm band:
     (1) No amateur station shall transmit from north of Line A in the 420-
430 MHz segment.
     (2) The 420-430 MHz segment is allocated to the amateur service in the
United States on a secondary basis, and is allocated in the fixed and
mobile (except aeronautical mobile) services in the International Table of
allocations on a primary basis. No amateur station transmitting in this
band shall cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from
interference due to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations
in the fixed and mobile (except aeronautical mobile) services.
     (3) The 430-440 MHz segment is allocated to the amateur service on a
secondary basis in ITU Regions 2 and 3. No amateur station transmitting in
this band in ITU Regions 2 and 3 shall cause harmful interference to, nor
is protected from interference due to the operation of, stations authorized
by other nations in the radiolocation service. In ITU Region 1, the 430-440
MHz segment is allocated to the amateur service on a co-primary basis with
the radiolocation service. As between these two services in this band in
ITU Region 1, the basic principle that applies is the equality of right to
operate. Amateur stations authorized by the United States and radiolocation
stations authorized by other nations in ITU Region 1 shall operate so as
not to cause harmful interference to each other.
     (4) No amateur station transmitting in the 449.75-450.25 MHz segment
shall cause interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the
operation of stations in, the space operation service and the space
research service or Government or non-Government stations for space
telecommand.
   (g) In the 33 cm band:
     (1) No amateur station shall transmit from within the States of
Colorado and Wyoming, bounded on the south by latitude 39  N, on the north
by latitude 42  N, on the east by longitude 105  W, and on the west by
longitude 108  W.1 This band is allocated on a secondary basis to the
amateur service subject to not causing harmful interference to, and not
receiving protection from any interference due to the operation of,
industrial, scientific and medical devices, automatic vehicle monitoring
systems or Government stations authorized in this band.
[ARRL Note: 97.303(g)(1) was waived in part by the FCC on July 2, 1990 to
permit amateurs in the restricted areas to transmit on the following segments:
  902.0-902.4, 902.6-904.3, 904.7-925.3, 925.7-927.3, and 927.7-928.0 MHz.]
     (2) No amateur station shall transmit from those portions of the
States of Texas and New Mexico bounded on the south by latitude 31  41' N,
on the north by latitude 34  30' N, on the east by longitude 104  11' W,
and on the west by longitude 107  30' W.
   (h) No amateur station transmitting in the 23 cm band, the 3 cm band,
the 24.05-24.25 GHz segment, the 76-81 GHz segment, the 144-149 GHz segment
and the 241-248 GHz segment shall cause harmful interference to, nor is
protected from interference due to the operation of, stations authorized by
other nations in the radiolocation service.
   (i) In the 1240-1260 MHz segment, no amateur station shall cause harmful
interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the operation
of, stations in the radionavigation-satellite service, the aeronautical
radionavigation service, or the radiolocation service.
   (j) In the 13 cm band:
     (1) The amateur service is allocated on a secondary basis in all ITU
Regions. In ITU Region 1, no amateur station shall cause harmful
interference to, and is not protected from interference due to the
operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the fixed service. In
ITU Regions 2 and 3, no station shall cause harmful interference to, and is
not protected from interference due to the operation of, stations
authorized by other nations in the fixed, mobile and radiolocation
services.
     (2) In the United States, the 2300-2310 MHz segment is allocated to
the amateur service on a co-secondary basis with the Government fixed and
mobile services. In this segment, the fixed and mobile services must not
cause harmful interference to the amateur service. No amateur station
transmitting in the 2400-2450 MHz segment is protected from interference
due to the operation of industrial, scientific and medical devices on
2450 MHz.
   (k) No amateur station transmitting in the 3.332-3.339 GHz and 3.3458-
3525 GHz segments, the 2.5 mm band, the 144.68-144.98 GHz, 145.45-145.75
GHz and 146.82-147.12 GHz segments and the 343-348 GHz segment shall cause
harmful interference to stations in the radio astronomy service. No amateur
station transmitting in the 300-302 GHz, 324-326 GHz, 345-347 GHz, 363-365
GHz and 379-381 GHz segments shall cause harmful interference to stations
in the space research service (passive) or Earth exploration-satellite
service (passive).
   (l) In the 9 cm band:
     (1) In ITU Regions 2 and 3, the band is allocated to the amateur
service on a secondary basis.
     (2) In the United States, the band is allocated to the amateur service
on a co-secondary basis with the non-Government radiolocation service.
     (3) In the 3.3-3.4 GHz segment, no amateur station shall cause harmful
interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the operation
of, stations authorized by other nations in the fixed and fixed-satellite
service.
     (4) In the 3.4-3.5 GHz segment, no amateur station shall cause harmful
interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the operation
of, stations authorized by other nations in the fixed and fixed-satellite
service.
   (m) In the 5 cm band:
     (1) In the 5.650-5.725 GHz segment, the amateur service is allocated
in all ITU Regions on a co-secondary basis with the space research (deep
space) service.
     (2) In the 5.725-5.850 GHz segment, the amateur service is allocated
in all ITU Regions on a secondary basis. No amateur station shall cause
harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the
operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the fixed-satellite
service in ITU Region 1.
     (3) No amateur station transmitting in the 5.725-5.875 GHz segment is
protected from interference due to the operation of industrial, scientific
and medical devices operating on 5.8 GHz.
     (4) In the 5.650-5.850 GHz segment, no amateur station shall cause
harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the
operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the radiolocation
service.
     (5) In the 5.850-5.925 GHz segment, the amateur service is allocated
in ITU Region 2 on a co-secondary basis with the radiolocation service. In
the United States, the segment is allocated to the amateur service on a
secondary basis to the non-Government fixed-satellite service. No amateur
station shall cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from
interference due to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations
in the fixed, fixed-satellite and mobile services. No amateur station shall
cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference due to
the operation of, stations in the non-Government fixed-satellite service.
   (n) In the 3 cm band:
     (1) In the United States, the 3 cm band is allocated to the amateur
service on a co-secondary basis with the non-government radiolocation
service.
     (2) In the 10.00-10.45 GHz segment in ITU Regions 1 and 3, no amateur
station shall cause interference to, nor is protected from interference due
to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the fixed and
mobile services.
   (o) No amateur station transmitting in the 1.2 cm band is protected from
interference due to the operation of industrial, scientific and medical
devices on 24.125 GHz. In the United States, the 24.05-24.25 GHz segment is
allocated to the amateur service on a co-secondary basis with the non-
government radiolocation and Government and non-government Earth
exploration-satellite (active) services.
   (p) The 2.5 mm band is allocated to the amateur service on a secondary
basis. No amateur station transmitting in this band shall cause harmful
interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the operation
of, stations in the fixed, inter-satellite and mobile services.
   (q) No amateur station transmitting in the 244-246 GHz segment of the 1
mm band is protected from interference due to the operation of industrial,
scientific and medical devices on 245 GHz.

S 97.305 Authorized emission types.
   (a) An amateur station may transmit a CW emission on any frequency
authorized to the control operator.
   (b) A station may transmit a test emission on any frequency authorized
to the control operator for brief periods for experimental purposes, except
that no pulse modulation emission may be transmitted on any frequency where
pulse is not specifically authorized.
(c) A station may transmit the following emission types on the frequencies
indicated, as authorized to the control operator, subject to the standards
specified in S 97.307(f) of this part.
Wavelength   Frequencies        Emission Types       Standards See
band                            Authorized           S97.307(f), paragraph:

MF:
160 m        Entire band        RTTY, data            (3)
-do-         -do-               Phone, image          (1), (2)

HF:
80 m         Entire band        RTTY, data            (3), (9)
75 m         Entire band        Phone, image          (1), (2)
40 m         7.000-7.100 MHz    RTTY, data            (3), (9)
-do-         7.075-7.100 MHz    Phone, image          (1), (2), (9), (11)
-do-         7.100-7.150 MHz    RTTY, data            (3), (9)
-do-         7.150-7.300 MHz    Phone, image          (1), (2)
30 m         Entire band        RTTY, data            (3)
20 m         14.00-14.15 MHz    RTTY, data            (3)
-do-         14.15-14.35 MHz    Phone, image          (1), (2)
17 m         18.068-18.110 MHz  RTTY, data            (3)
-do-         18.110-18.168 MHz  Phone, image          (1), (2)
15 m         21.0-21.2 MHz      RTTY, data            (3), (9)
-do-         21.20-21.45 MHz    Phone, image          (1), (2)
12 m         24.89-24.93 MHz    RTTY, data            (3)
-do-         24.93-24.99 MHz    Phone, image          (1), (2)
10 m         28.0-28.3 MHz      RTTY, data            (4)
-do-         28.3-28.5 MHz      Phone, image          (1), (2), (10)
-do-         28.5-29.0 MHz      Phone, image          (1), (2)
-do-         29.0-29.7 MHz      Phone, image          (2)

VHF:
6 m          50.1-51.0 MHz      RTTY, data            (5)
-do-        -do-                MCW, phone, image     (2)
-do-         51.0-54.0 MHz      RTTY, data, test      (5), (8)
-do-         -do-               MCW, phone, image     (2)
2 m          144.1-148.0 MHz    RTTY, data, test      (5), (8)
-do-         -do-               MCW, phone, image     (2)
1.25 m       219-220 MHz        Data                  (13)
-do-         222-225 MHz        MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, test      (2),(6),(8)

UHF:
70 cm       Entire band         MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, SS, test  (6), (8)
33 cm       Entire band         MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, SS, test,
                                pulse                 (7), (8), (12)
23 cm       Entire band         MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, SS, test  (7), (8), (12)
13 cm       Entire band         MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, SS,
                                test, pulse           (7), (8), (12)

SHF:
9 cm        Entire band         MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, SS,
                                test, pulse           (7), (8), (12)
5 cm        Entire band         MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, SS,
                                test, pulse           (7), (8), (12)
3 cm        Entire band         MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, SS, test  (7), (8), (12)
1.2 cm      Entire band         MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, SS,
                                test, pulse           (7), (8), (12)

EHF:
6 mm        Entire band         MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, SS,
                                test, pulse           (7), (8), (12)
4 mm        Entire band         MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, SS,
                                test, pulse           (7), (8), (12)
2.5 mm      Entire band         MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, SS,
                                test, pulse           (7), (8), (12)
2 mm        Entire band         MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, SS,
                                test, pulse           (7), (8), (12)
1 mm        Entire band         MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, SS,
                                test, pulse           (7), (8), (12)
--          Above 300 GHz       MCW, phone, image,
                                RTTY, data, SS,
                                test, pulse           (7), (8), (12)

S 97.307 Emission standards.
   (a) No amateur station transmission shall occupy more bandwidth than
necessary for the information rate and emission type being transmitted, in
accordance with good amateur practice.
   (b) Emissions resulting from modulation must be confined to the band or
segment available to the control operator. Emissions outside the necessary
bandwidth must not cause splatter or keyclick interference to operations on
adjacent frequencies.
   (c) All spurious emissions from a station transmitter must be reduced to
the greatest extent practicable. If any spurious emission, including
chassis or power line radiation, causes harmful interference to the
reception of another radio station, the licensee of the interfering amateur
station is required to take steps to eliminate the interference, in
accordance with good engineering practice.
   (d) The mean power of any spurious emission from a station transmitter
or external RF power amplifier transmitting on a frequency below 30 MHz
must not exceed 50 mW and must be at least 40 dB below the mean power of
the fundamental emission. For a transmitter of mean power less than 5 W,
the attenuation must be at least 30 dB. A transmitter built before April
15, 1977, or first marketed before January 1, 1978, is exempt from this
requirement.
   (e) The mean power of any spurious emission from a station transmitter
or external RF power amplifier transmitting on a frequency between 30-225
MHz must be at least 60 dB below the mean power of the fundamental. For a
transmitter having a mean power of 25 W or less, the mean power of any
spurious emission supplied to the antenna transmission line must not exceed
25 uW and must be at least 40 dB below the mean power of the fundamental
emission, but need not be reduced below the power of 10 uW. A transmitter
built before April 15, 1977, or first marketed before January 1, 1978, is
exempt from this requirement.
   (f) The following standards and limitations apply to transmissions on
the frequencies specified in S 97.305(c) of this Part.
     (1) No angle-modulated emission may have a modulation index greater
than 1 at the highest modulation frequency.
     (2) No non-phone emission shall exceed the bandwidth of a
communications quality phone emission of the same modulation type. The
total bandwidth of an independent sideband emission (having B as the first
symbol), or a multiplexed image and phone emission, shall not exceed that
of a communications quality A3E emission.
     (3) Only a RTTY or data emission using a specified digital code listed
in  S 97.309(a) of this Part may be transmitted. The symbol rate must not
exceed 300 bauds, or for frequency-shift keying, the frequency shift
between mark and space must not exceed 1 kHz.
     (4) Only a RTTY or data emission using a specified digital code listed
in  S 97.309(a) of this Part may be transmitted. The symbol rate must not
exceed 1200 bauds. For frequency-shift keying, the frequency shift between
mark and space must not exceed 1 kHz.
     (5) A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using a specified digital
code listed in  S 97.309(a) of this Part may be transmitted. The symbol
rate must not exceed 19.6 kilobauds.  A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission
using an unspecified digital code under the limitations listed in
S 97.309(b) of this Part also may be transmitted. The authorized
bandwidth is 20 kHz.
     (6) A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using a specified digital
code listed in S 97.309(a) of this Part may be transmitted. The symbol rate
must not exceed 56 kilobauds. A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using an
unspecified digital code under the limitations listed in S 97.309(b) of
this Part also may be transmitted. The authorized bandwidth is 100 kHz.
     (7) A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using a specified digital
code listed in S 97.309(a) of this Part or an unspecified digital code
under the limitations listed in  S 97.309(b) of this Part may be
transmitted.
     (8) A RTTY or data emission having designators with A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, J or R as the first symbol; 1, 2, 7 or 9 as the second symbol; and D
or W as the third symbol is also authorized.
     (9) A station having a control operator holding a Novice or Technician
Class operator license may only transmit a CW emission using the
international Morse code.
     (10) A station having a control operator holding a Novice or
Technician Class operator license may only transmit a CW emission using the
international Morse code or phone emissions J3E and R3E.
     (11) Phone and image emissions may be transmitted only by stations
located in ITU Regions 1 and 3, and by stations located within ITU Region 2
that are west of 130  West longitude or south of 20  North latitude.
     (12) Emission F8E may be transmitted.
     (13) A data emission using an unspecified digital code under the
limitations listed in º 97.309(b) of this Part also may be transmitted.
The authorized bandwidth is 100 kHz.

S 97.309 RTTY and data emission codes.
   (a) Where authorized by S 97.305(c) and 97.307(f) of this Part, an
amateur station may transmit a RTTY or data emission using the following
specified digital codes:
     (1) The 5-unit, start-stop, International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2,
code defined in International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative
Committee Recommendation F.1, Division C (commonly known as Baudot).
     (2) The 7-unit code, specified in International Radio Consultative
Committee Recommendation CCIR 476-2 (1978), 476-3 (1982), 476-4 (1986) or
625 (1986) (commonly known as AMTOR).
     (3) The 7-unit code defined in American National Standards Institute
X3.4-1977 or International Alphabet No. 5 defined in International
Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee Recommendation T.50 or in
International Organization for Standardization, International Standard ISO
646 (1983), and extensions as provided for in CCITT Recommendation T.61
(Malaga-Torremolinos, 1984) (commonly known as ASCII).
     (4) An amateur station transmitting a RTTY or data emission using a
digital code specified in this paragraph may use any technique whose
technical characteristics have been documented publicly, such as CLOVER,
G-TOR, or PacTOR, for the purpose of facilitating communications.
   (b) Where authorized by S S 97.305(c) and 97.307(f) of this Part, a
station may transmit a RTTY or data emission using an unspecified digital
code, except to a station in a country with which the United States does
not have an agreement permitting the code to be used. RTTY and data
emissions using unspecified digital codes must not be transmitted for the
purpose of obscuring the meaning of any communication. When deemed
necessary by an EIC to assure compliance with the FCC Rules, a station
must:
     (1) Cease the transmission using the unspecified digital code;
     (2) Restrict transmissions of any digital code to the extent
instructed;
     (3) Maintain a record, convertible to the original information, of all
digital communications transmitted.

S 97.311 SS emission types.
   (a) SS emission transmissions by an amateur station are authorized only
for communications between points within areas where the amateur service is
regulated by the FCC. SS emission transmissions must not be used for the
purpose of obscuring the meaning of any communication.
   (b) Stations transmitting SS emission must not cause harmful
interference to stations employing other authorized emissions, and must
accept all interference caused by stations employing other authorized
emissions. For the purposes of this paragraph, unintended triggering of
carrier operated repeaters is not considered to be harmful interference.
   (c) Only the following types of SS emission transmissions are authorized
(hybrid SS emission transmissions involving both spreading techniques are
prohibited):
     (1) Frequency hopping where the carrier of the transmitted signal is
modulated with unciphered information and changes frequency at fixed
intervals under the direction of a high speed code sequence.
     (2) Direct sequence where the information is modulo-2 added to a high
speed code sequence. The combined information and code are then used to
modulate the RF carrier. The high speed code sequence dominates the
modulation function, and is the direct cause of the wide spreading of the
transmitted signal.
   (d) The only spreading sequences that are authorized are from the output
of one binary linear feedback shift register (which may be implemented in
hardware or software).
     (1) Only the following sets of connections may be used:
        Number of stages       Taps used
        in shift register      in feedback
        7                      7, 1.
        13                     13, 4, 3, and 1.
        19                     19, 5, 2, and 1.
     (2) The shift register must not be reset other than by its feedback
during an individual transmission. The shift register output sequence must
be used without alteration.
     (3) The output of the last stage of the binary linear feedback shift
register must be used as follows:
       (i) For frequency hopping transmissions using x frequencies, n
consecutive bits from the shift register must be used to select the next
frequency from a list of frequencies sorted in ascending order. Each
consecutive frequency must be selected by a consecutive block of n bits.
(Where n is the smallest integer greater than log2X.)
       (ii) For direct sequence transmissions using m-ary modulation,
consecutive blocks of log2 m bits from the shift register must be used to
select the transmitted signal during each interval.
   (e) The station records must document all SS emission transmissions and
must be retained for a period of 1 year following the last entry. The
station records must include sufficient information to enable the FCC,
using the information contained therein, to demodulate all transmissions.
The station records must contain at least the following:
     (1) A technical description of the transmitted signal;
     (2) Pertinent parameters describing the transmitted signal including
the frequency or frequencies of operation and, where applicable, the chip
rate, the code rate, the spreading function, the transmission protocol(s)
including the method of achieving synchronization, and the modulation type;
     (3) A general description of the type of information being conveyed
(voice, text, memory dump, facsimile, television, etc.);
     (4) The method and, if applicable, the frequency or frequencies used
for station identification; and
     (5) The date of beginning and the date of ending use of each type of
transmitted signal.
   (f) When deemed necessary by an EIC to assure compliance with this Part,
a station licensee must:
     (1) Cease SS emission transmissions;
     (2) Restrict SS emission transmissions to the extent instructed; and
     (3) Maintain a record, convertible to the original information (voice,
text, image, etc.) of all spread spectrum communications transmitted.
   (g) The transmitter power must not exceed 100 W.

S 97.313 Transmitter power standards.
   (a) An amateur station must use the minimum transmitter power necessary
to carry out the desired communications.
   (b) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 1.5 kW
PEP.
   (c) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 200 W PEP
on:
     (1) The 3.675-3.725 MHz, 7.10-7.15 MHz, 10.10-10.15 MHz and 21.1-21.2
MHz segments;
     (2) The 28.1-28.5 MHz segment when the control operator is a Novice or
Technician operator; or
      (3) The 7.050-7.075 MHz segment when the station is within ITU
Regions 1 or 3.
   (d) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 25 W PEP
on the VHF 1.25 m band when the control operator is a Novice operator.
   (e) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 5 W PEP
on the UHF 23 cm band when the control operator is a Novice operator.
   (f) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 50 W PEP
on the UHF 70 cm band from an area specified in footnote US7 to S 2.106 of
the FCC Rules, unless expressly authorized by the FCC after mutual
agreement, on a case-by-case basis, between the EIC of the applicable field
facility and the military area frequency coordinator at the applicable
military base. An Earth station or telecommand station, however, may
transmit on the 435-438 MHz segment with a maximum of 611 W effective
radiated power (1 kW equivalent isotropically radiated power) without the
authorization otherwise required. The transmitting antenna elevation angle
between the lower half-power (û3 dB relative to the peak or antenna bore
sight) point and the horizon must always be greater than 10 .
   (g) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 50 W
PEP on the 33 cm band from within 241 km of the boundaries of the White
Sands Missile Range. Its boundaries are those portions of Texas and New
Mexico bounded on the south by latitude 31  41' North, on the east by
longitude 104  11' West, on the north by latitude 34  30' North, and on the
west by longitude 107  30' West.
   (h) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 50 W PEP
on the 219-220 MHz segment of the 1.25 m band.

S 97.315 Type acceptance of external RF power amplifiers.
   (a) No more than 1 unit of 1 model of an external RF power amplifier
capable of operation below 144 MHz may be constructed or modified during
any calendar year by an amateur operator for use at a station without a
grant of type acceptance. No amplifier capable of operation below 144 MHz
may be constructed or modified by a non-amateur operator without a grant of
type acceptance from the FCC.
   (b) Any external RF power amplifier or external RF power amplifier kit
(see S 2.815 of the FCC Rules), manufactured, imported or modified for use
in a station or attached at any station must be type accepted for use in
the amateur service in accordance with Subpart J of Part 2 of the FCC
Rules. This requirement does not apply if one or more of the following
conditions are met:
     (1) The amplifier is not capable of operation on frequencies below 144
MHz. For the purpose of this part, an amplifier will be deemed to be
incapable of operation below 144 MHz if it is not capable of being easily
modified to increase its amplification characteristics below 120 MHz and
either:
       (i) The mean output power of the amplifier decreases, as frequency
decreases from 144 MHz, to a point where 0 dB or less gain is exhibited at
120 MHz; or
       (ii) The amplifier is not capable of amplifying signals below 120
MHz even for brief periods without sustaining permanent damage to its
amplification circuitry.
     (2) The amplifier was manufactured before April 28, 1978, and has been
issued a marketing waiver by the FCC, or the amplifier was purchased before
April 28, 1978, by an amateur operator for use at that amateur operator's
station.
     (3) The amplifier was:
       (i) Constructed by the licensee, not from an external RF power
amplifier kit, for use at the licensee's station; or
       (ii) Modified by the licensee for use at the licensee's station.
     (4) The amplifier is sold by an amateur operator to another amateur
operator or to a dealer.
     (5) The amplifier is purchased in used condition by an equipment
dealer from an amateur operator and the amplifier is further sold to
another amateur operator for use at that operator's station.
   (c) A list of type accepted equipment may be inspected at FCC
headquarters in Washington, DC or at any FCC field location. Any external
RF power amplifier appearing on this list as type accepted for use in the
amateur service may be marketed for use in the amateur service.

S 97.317 Standards for type acceptance of external RF power amplifiers.
(a) To receive a grant of type acceptance, the amplifier must satisfy the
spurious emission standards of S 97.307(d) or (e) of this Part, as
applicable, when the amplifier is:
     (1) Operated at its full output power;
     (2) Placed in the "standby" or "off" positions, but still connected to
the transmitter; and
     (3) Driven with at least 50 W mean RF input power (unless higher drive
level is specified).
   (b) To receive a grant of type acceptance, the amplifier must not be
capable of operation on any frequency or frequencies between 24 MHz and 35
MHz. The amplifier will be deemed incapable of such operation if it:
     (1) Exhibits no more than 6 dB gain between 24 MHz and 26 MHz and
between 28 MHz and 35 MHz. (This gain will be determined by the ratio of
the input RF driving signal (mean power measurement) to the mean RF output
power of the amplifier); and
     (2) Exhibits no amplification (0 dB gain) between 26 MHz and 28 MHz.
   (c) Type acceptance may be denied when denial would prevent the use of
these amplifiers in services other than the amateur service. The following
features will result in dismissal or denial of an application for the type
acceptance:
     (1) Any accessible wiring which, when altered, would permit operation
of the amplifier in a manner contrary to the FCC Rules;
     (2) Circuit boards or similar circuitry to facilitate the addition of
components to change the amplifier's operating characteristics in a manner
contrary to the FCC Rules;
     (3) Instructions for operation or modification of the amplifier in a
manner contrary to the FCC Rules;
     (4) Any internal or external controls or adjustments to facilitate
operation of the amplifier in a manner contrary to the FCC Rules;
     (5) Any internal RF sensing circuitry or any external switch, the
purpose of which is to place the amplifier in the transmit mode;
     (6) The incorporation of more gain in the amplifier than is necessary
to operate in the amateur service; for purposes of this paragraph, the
amplifier must:
       (i) Not be capable of achieving designed output power when driven
with less than 40 W mean RF input power;
       (ii) Not be capable of amplifying the input RF driving signal by
more than 15 dB, unless the amplifier has a designed transmitter power of
less than 1.5 kW (in such a case, gain must be reduced by the same number
of dB as the transmitter power relationship to 1.5 kW; This gain limitation
is determined by the ratio of the input RF driving signal to the RF output
power of the amplifier where both signals are expressed in peak envelope
power or mean power);
       (iii) Not exhibit more gain than permitted by paragraph (c)(6)(ii)
of this Section when driven by an RF input signal of less than 50 W mean
power; and
       (iv) Be capable of sustained operation at its designed power level.
     (7) Any attenuation in the input of the amplifier which, when removed
or modified, would permit the amplifier to function at its designed
transmitter power when driven by an RF frequency input signal of less than
50 W mean power; or
     (8) Any other features designed to facilitate operation in a
telecommunication service other than the Amateur Radio Services, such as
the Citizens Band (CB) Radio Service.


Subpart E--Providing Emergency Communications

S 97.401  Operation during a disaster.
   (a) When normal communication systems are overloaded, damaged or
disrupted because a disaster has occurred, or is likely to occur, in an
area where the amateur service is regulated by the FCC, an amateur station
may make transmissions necessary to meet essential communication needs and
facilitate relief actions.
   (b) When normal communication systems are overloaded, damaged or
disrupted because a natural disaster has occurred, or is likely to occur,
in an area where the amateur service is not regulated by the FCC, a station
assisting in meeting essential communication needs and facilitating relief
actions may do so only in accord with ITU Resolution No. 640 (Geneva, 1979)
.  The 80 m, 75 m, 40 m, 30 m, 20 m, 17 m, 15 m, 12 m, and 2 m bands may be
used for these purposes.
   (c) When a disaster disrupts normal communication systems in a
particular area, the FCC may declare a temporary state of communication
emergency.  The declaration will set forth any special conditions and
special rules to be observed by  stations during the communication
emergency.  A request for a declaration of a temporary state of emergency
should be directed to the EIC in the area concerned.
   (d) A station in, or within 92.6 km of, Alaska may transmit emissions
J3E and R3E on the channel at 5.1675 MHz for emergency communications.  The
channel must be shared with stations licensed in the Alaska-private fixed
service.  The transmitter power must not exceed 150 W.

S 97.403  Safety of life and protection of property.
   No provision of these rules prevents the use by an amateur station of
any means of radiocommunication at its disposal to provide essential
communication needs in connection with the immediate safety of human life
and immediate protection of property when normal communication systems are
not available.

S 97.405  Station in distress.
   (a) No provision of these rules prevents the use by an amateur station
in distress of any means at its disposal to attract attention, make known
its condition and location, and obtain assistance.
   (b) No provision of these rules prevents the use by a station, in the
exceptional circumstances described in paragraph (a), of any means of
radiocommunications at its disposal to assist a station in distress.

S 97.407  Radio amateur civil emergency service.
   (a) No station may transmit in RACES unless it is an FCC-licensed
primary, club, or military recreation station and it is certified by a
civil defense organization as registered with that organization, or it is
an FCC-licensed RACES station.  No person may be the control operator of a
RACES station, or may be the control operator of an amateur station
transmitting in RACES unless that person holds a FCC-issued amateur
operator license and is certified by a civil defense organization as
enrolled in that organization.
   (b) The frequency bands and segments and emissions authorized to the
control operator are available to stations transmitting communications in
RACES on a shared basis with the amateur service. In the event of an
emergency which necessitates the invoking of the President's War Emergency
Powers under the provisions of S 706 of the Communications Act of 1934, as
amended, 47 U.S.C. S 606, RACES stations and amateur stations participating
in RACES may only transmit on the following frequencies:
     (1) The 1800-1825 kHz, 1975-2000 kHz, 3.50-3.55 MHz, 3.93-3.98 MHz,
3.984-4.000 MHz, 7.079-7.125 MHz, 7.245-7.255 MHz, 10.10-10.15 MHz, 14.047-
14.053 MHz, 14.22-14.23 MHz, 14.331-14.350 MHz, 21.047-21.053 MHz, 21.228-
21.267 MHz, 28.55-28.75 MHz, 29.237-29.273 MHz, 29.45-29.65 MHz, 50.35-
50.75 MHz, 52-54 MHz, 144.50-145.71 MHz, 146-148 MHz, 2390-2450 MHz
segments;
     (2) The 1.25 m, 70 cm and 23 cm bands; and
     (3) The channels at 3.997 MHz and 53.30 MHz may be used in emergency
areas when required to make initial contact with a military unit and for
communications with military stations on matters requiring coordination.
   (c) A RACES station may only communicate with:
     (1) Another RACES station;
     (2) An amateur station registered with a civil defense organization;
     (3) A United States Government station authorized by the responsible
agency to communicate with RACES stations;
     (4) A station in a service regulated by the FCC whenever such
communication is authorized by the FCC.
   (d) An amateur station registered with a civil defense organization may
only communicate with:
     (1) A RACES station licensed to the civil defense organization with
which the amateur station is registered;
     (2) The following stations upon authorization of the responsible civil
defense official for the organization with which the amateur station is
registered:
       (i) A RACES station licensed to another civil defense organization;
       (ii) An amateur station registered with the same or another civil
defense organization;
       (iii) A United States Government station authorized by the
responsible agency to communicate with RACES stations; and
       (iv) A station in a service regulated by the FCC whenever such
communication is authorized by the FCC.
   (e) All communications transmitted in RACES must be specifically
authorized by the civil defense organization for the area served.  Only
civil defense communications of the following types may be transmitted:
     (1) Messages concerning impending or actual conditions jeopardizing
the public safety, or affecting the national defense or security during
periods of local, regional, or national civil emergencies;
     (2) Messages directly concerning the immediate safety of life of
individuals, the immediate protection of property, maintenance of law and
order, alleviation of human suffering and need, and the combating of armed
attack or sabotage;
     (3) Messages directly concerning the accumulation and dissemination of
public information or instructions to the civilian population essential to
the activities of the civil defense organization or other authorized
governmental or relief agencies; and
     (4) Communications for RACES training drills and tests necessary to
ensure the establishment and maintenance of orderly and efficient operation
of the RACES as ordered by the responsible civil defense organizations
served.  Such drills and tests may not exceed a total time of 1 hour per
week.  With the approval of the chief officer for emergency planning the
applicable State, Commonwealth, District or territory, however, such tests
and drills may be conducted for a period not to exceed 72 hours no more
than twice in any calendar year.


Subpart F--Qualifying Examinations Systems

S 97.501  Qualifying for an amateur operator license.
   Each applicant for the grant of a new amateur operator license or for
the grant of a modified license to show a higher operator class, must pass
or otherwise receive credit for the examination elements specified for the
class of operator license sought:
   (a) Amateur Extra Class operator: Elements 1(C), 2, 3(A), 3(B), 4(A)
and 4(B);
   (b) Advanced Class operator: Elements 1(B) or 1(C), 2, 3(A), 3(B) and
4(A);
   (c) General Class operator: Elements 1(B) or 1(C), 2, 3(A) and 3(B);
   (d) Technician Plus Class operator: Elements 1(A) or 1(B) or 1(C), 2,
and 3(A).
   (e) Technician Class operator: Elements 2 and 3(A).
   (f) Novice class operator: Elements 1(A) or 1(B) or 1(C), and 2.

S 97.503 Element standards.
   (a) A telegraphy examination must be sufficient to prove that the
examinee has the ability to send correctly by hand and to receive correctly
by ear texts in the international Morse code at not less than the
prescribed speed, using all the letters of the alphabet, numerals 0-9,
period, comma, question mark, slant mark and prosigns AR, BT and SK.
     (1) Element 1(A): 5 words per minute;
     (2) Element 1(B): 13 words per minute;
     (3) Element 1(C): 20 words per minute.
   (b) A written examination must be such as to prove that the examinee
possesses the operational and technical qualifications required to perform
properly the duties of an amateur service licensee.  Each written
examination must be comprised of a question set as follows:
     (1) Element 2: 30 questions concerning the privileges of a Novice
Class operator license.  The minimum passing score is 22 questions answered
correctly.
     (2) Element 3(A): 25 questions concerning the additional privileges of
a Technician Class operator license.  The minimum passing score is 19
questions answered correctly.
     (3) Element 3(B): 25 questions concerning the additional privileges of
a General Class operator license.  The minimum passing score is 19
questions answered correctly.
     (4) Element 4(A): 50 questions concerning the additional privileges of
an Advanced Class operator license.  The minimum passing score is 37
questions answered correctly.
     (5) Element 4(B): 40 questions concerning the additional privileges of
an Amateur Extra Class operator license.  The minimum passing score is 30
questions answered correctly.
   (c) The topics and number of questions required in each question set are
listed below for the appropriate examination element:
(c) The topics and number of questions required in each question set are
listed below for the appropriate examination element:
                  Topics                                  Element:
                                                     2  3(A) 3(B) 4(A) 4(B)
 (1) FCC Rules for the amateur radio services       10    5    4    6    8
 (2) Amateur station operating procedures            2    3    3    1    4
 (3) Radio wave propagation characteristics of
     amateur service frequency bands                 1    3    3    2    2
 (4) Amateur radio practices                         4    4    5    4    4
 (5) Electrical principles as applied to amateur
     station equipment                               4    2    2   10    6
 (6) Amateur station equipment circuit
     components                                      2    2    1    6    4
 (7) Practical circuits employed in amateur
     station equipment                               2    1    1   10    4
 (8) Signals and emissions transmitted by
     amateur stations                                2    2    2    6    4
 (9) Amateur station antennas and feed lines         3    3    4    5    4

S 97.505  Element credit.
   (a) The administering VEs must give credit as specified below to an
examinee holding any of the following documents:
     (1) An unexpired (or expired but within the grace period for renewal)
FCC-granted Advanced Class operator license document: Elements 1(B), 2,
3(A), 3(B), and 4(A).
     (2) An unexpired (or expired but within the grace period for renewal)
FCC-granted General Class operator license document: Elements 1(B), 2,
3(A), and 3(B).
     (3) An unexpired (or expired but within the grace period for renewal)
FCC-granted Technician Plus Class operator (including a Technician Class
operator license granted before February 14, 1991) license document:
Elements 1(A), 2, and 3(A).
     (4) An unexpired (or expired but within the grace period for renewal)
FCC-granted Technician Class operator license document: Elements 2 and
3(A).
     (5) An unexpired (or expired but within the grace period for renewal)
FCC-granted Novice Class operator license document: Elements 1(A) and 2.
     (6) A CSCE: Each element the CSCE indicates the examinee passed within
the previous 365 days.
     (7) An unexpired (or expired for less than 5 years) FCC-issued
commercial radiotelegraph operator license document or permit: Element
1(C).
     (8) An expired or unexpired FCC-issued Technician Class operator
license document granted before March 21 1987: Element 3(B).
     (9) An expired or unexpired FCC-issued Technician Class license
document granted before February 14, 1991: Element 1(A).
     (10) An unexpired (or expired but within the grace period for
renewal), FCC-granted Novice, Technician Plus (including a Technician Class
operator license granted before February 14, 1991), General, or Advanced
Class operator license document, and a FCC Form 610 containing:
       (i) A physician's certification stating that because the person is
an individual with a severe handicap, the duration of which will extend for
more than 365 days beyond the date of the certification, the person is
unable to pass a 13 or 20 words per minute telegraphy examination; and
       (ii) A release signed by the person permitting the disclosure to the
FCC of medical information pertaining to the person's handicap: Element
1(C).
     (b) No examination credit, except as herein provided, shall be allowed
on the basis of holding or having held any other license grant or document.

S 97.507  Preparing an examination.
   (a) Each telegraphy message and each written question set administered
to an examinee must be prepared by a VE who has been granted an Amateur
Extra Class operator license. A telegraphy message or written question set,
however, may also be prepared for the following elements by a VE who has
been granted an FCC operator license of the class indicated:
     (1) Element 3(B): Advanced Class operator.
     (2) Elements 1(A) and 3(A): Advanced or General Class operator.
     (3) Element 2: Advanced, General, Technician, or Technician Plus Class
operator.
   (b) Each question set administered to an examinee must utilize questions
taken from the applicable question pool.
   (c) Each telegraphy message and each written question set administered
to an examinee for an amateur operator license must be prepared, or
obtained from a supplier, by the administering VEs according to
instructions from the coordinating VEC.
   (d) A telegraphy examination must consist of a message sent in the
international Morse code at no less than the prescribed speed for a minimum
of 5 minutes.  The message must contain each required telegraphy character
at least once.  No message known to the examinee may be administered in a
telegraphy examination.  Each 5 letters of the alphabet must be counted as
1 word.  Each numeral, punctuation mark and prosign must be counted as 2
letters of the alphabet.

S 97.509  Administering VE requirements.
   (a) Each examination for an amateur operator license must be
administered by 3 administering VEs at an examination session coordinated
by a VEC. Before the session, the administering VEs must make a public
announcement stating the location and time of the session. The number of
examinees at the session may be limited.
   (b) Each administering VE must:
     (1) Be accredited by the coordinating VEC;
     (2) Be at least 18 years of age;
     (3) Be a person who has been granted an FCC amateur operator license
document of the class specified below:
       (i) Amateur Extra, Advanced, or General Class in order to administer
a Novice, Technician, or Technician Plus Class operator license
examination;
       (ii) Amateur Extra Class in order to administer a General, Advanced,
or Amateur Extra Class operator license examination.
     (4) Not be a person whose grant of an amateur station license or
amateur operator license has ever been revoked or suspended.
   (c) Each administering VE must be present and observing the examinee
throughout the entire examination. The administering VEs are responsible
for the proper conduct and necessary supervision of each examination. The
administering VEs must immediately terminate the examination upon failure
of the examinee to comply with their instructions.
   (d) No VE may administer an examination to his or her spouse, children,
grandchildren, stepchildren, parents, grandparents, stepparents, brothers,
sisters, stepbrothers, stepsisters, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, and in-
laws.
   (e) No VE may administer or certify any examination by fraudulent means
or for monetary or other consideration including reimbursement in any
amount in excess of that permitted. Violation of this provision may result
in the revocation of the grant of the VE's amateur station license and the
suspension of the grant of the VE's amateur operator license.
   (f) No examination that has been compromised shall be administered to
any examinee. Neither the same telegraphy message nor the same question set
may be re-administered to the same examinee.
   (g) Passing a telegraphy receiving examination is adequate proof of an
examinee's ability to both send and receive telegraphy. The administering
VEs, however, may also include a sending segment in a telegraphy
examination.
   (h) Upon completion of each examination element, the administering VEs
must immediately grade the examinee's answers. The administering VEs are
responsible for determining the correctness of the examinee's answers.
   (i) When the examinee is credited for all examination elements required
for the operator license sought, the administering VEs must certify on the
examinee's application document that the applicant is qualified for the
license.
   (j) When the examinee does not score a passing grade on an examination
element, the administering VEs must return the application document to the
examinee and inform the examinee of the grade.
   (k) The administering VEs must accommodate an examinee whose physical
disabilities require a special examination procedure. The administering VEs
may require a physician's certification indicating the nature of the
disability before determining which, if any, special procedures must be
used.
   (l) The administering VEs must issue a CSCE to an examinee who scores a
passing grade on an examination element.
   (m) Within 10 days of the administration of a successful examination for
an amateur operator license, the administering VEs must submit the
application document to the coordinating VEC.

S 97.511 Examinee conduct.
   Each examinee must comply with the instructions given by the
administering VEs.

S 97.513  [Removed and Reserved]

S 97.515 [Reserved]

S 97.517 [Reserved]

S 97.519  Coordinating examination sessions.
   (a) A VEC must coordinate the efforts of VEs in preparing and
administering examinations.
   (b) At the completion of each examination session, the coordinating VEC
must collect the FCC Forms 610 documents and test results from the
administering VEs. Within 10 days of collecting the FCC Forms 610
documents, the coordinating VEC must screen and, for qualified examinees,
forward electronically or on diskette the data contained on the FCC Forms
610 documents, or forward the FCC Form 610 documents to: FCC, 1270
Fairfield Road, Gettysburg, PA  17325-7245. When the data is forwarded
electronically, the coordinating VEC must retain the FCC Forms 610
documents for at least fifteen months and make them available to the FCC
upon request.
   (c) Each VEC must make any examination records available to the FCC, upon
request.
   (d) The FCC may:
     (1) Administer any examination element itself;
     (2) Readminister any examination element previously administered by
VEs, either itself or under the supervision of a VEC or VEs designated by
the FCC; or
     (3) Cancel the operator/primary station license of any licensee who
fails to appear for readministration of an examination when directed by the
FCC, or who does not successfully complete any required element that is
readministered. In an instance of such cancellation, the person will be
granted an operator/primary station license consistent with completed
examination elements that have not been invalidated by not appearing for,
or by failing, the examination upon readministration.

S 97.521  VEC qualifications.
   No organization may serve as a VEC unless it has entered into a written
agreement with the FCC.  The VEC must abide by the terms of the agreement.
In order to be eligible to be a VEC, the entity must:
   (a) Be an organization that exists for the purpose of furthering the
amateur service;
   (b) Be capable of serving as a VEC in at least the VEC region (see
Appendix 2) proposed;
   (c) Agree to coordinate examinations for any class of amateur operator
license;
   (d) Agree to assure that, for any examination, every examinee qualified
under these rules is registered without regard to race, sex, religion,
national origin or membership (or lack thereof) in any amateur service
organization;

S 97.523  Question pools.
   All VECs must cooperate in maintaining one question pool for each
written examination element.  Each question pool must contain at least 10
times the number of questions required for a single examination.  Each
question pool must be published and made available to the public prior to
its use for making a question set. Each question on each VEC question pool
must be prepared by a VE holding the required FCC-issued operator license.
See S 97.507(a) of this Part.

S 97.525  Accrediting VEs.
   (a) No VEC may accredit a person as a VE if:
     (1) The person does not meet minimum VE statutory qualifications or
minimum qualifications as prescribed by this Part;
     (2) The FCC does not accept the voluntary and uncompensated services
of the person;
     (3) The VEC determines that the person is not competent to perform the
VE functions; or
     (4) The VEC determines that questions of the person's integrity or
honesty could compromise the examinations.
   (b) Each VEC must seek a broad representation of amateur operators to be
VEs.  No VEC may discriminate in accrediting VEs on the basis of race, sex,
religion or national origin; nor on the basis of membership (or lack
thereof) in an amateur service organization; nor on the basis of the person
accepting or declining to accept reimbursement.

S 97.527  Reimbursement for expenses.
   (a) VEs and VECs may be reimbursed by examinees for out-of-pocket
expenses incurred in preparing, processing, administering, or coordinating
an examination for an amateur operator license.
   (b) The maximum amount of reimbursement from any one examinee for any
one examination at a particular session regardless of the number of
examination elements taken must not exceed that announced by the FCC in a
Public Notice.  (The basis for the maximum fee is $4.00 for 1984, adjusted
annually each January 1 thereafter for changes in the Department of Labor
Consumer Price Index.)

Appendix 1--Places Where the Amateur Service is Regulated by the FCC
    In ITU Region 2, the amateur service is regulated by the FCC within the
territorial limits of the 50 United States, District of Columbia, Caribbean
Insular areas [Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, United States Virgin Islands
(50 islets and cays) and Navassa Island], and Johnston Island (Islets
East, Johnston, North and Sand) and Midway Island (Islets Eastern and
Sand) in the Pacific Insular areas.
   In ITU Region 3, the amateur service is regulated by the FCC within the
Pacific Insular territorial limits of American Samoa (seven islands), Baker
Island, Commonwealth of Northern Mariannas Islands, Guam Island, Howland
Island, Jarvis Island, Kingman Reef, Kure Island, Palmyra Island (more than
50 islets) and Wake Island (Islets Peale, Wake and Wilkes).

Appendix 2--VEC Regions
   1.  Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and
       Vermont.
   2.  New Jersey and New York.
   3.  Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland and Pennsylvania.
   4.  Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina,
       Tennessee and Virginia.
   5.  Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas.
   6.  California.
   7.  Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington and
       Wyoming.
   8.  Michigan, Ohio and West Virginia.
   9.  Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin.
   10. Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota
       and South Dakota.
   11. Alaska.
   12  Caribbean Insular areas.
   13. Hawaii and Pacific Insular areas.