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Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 1996
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1. American Arctic-Paleosiberian Eskimo-Aleut Chukchi- Kamchatkan 2. Na-Dene Athabascan (Apache, Beaver, Carrier, Chippewyan, Denaina, Dogrib, Hare, Hupa, Koyukon, Kutchin, Mattole **, Navajo, Sarsi, Slave, Tolowa, Yellowknife, and others) Tingit Haida 3. Macro-Algonkian Algonquian (Arapaho, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Cree, Delaware, Fox, Kickapoo Menominee, Micmac, Montagnais, Ojibwa, Passamaquoddy-Malecite, Penobscot, Potawatomi, Shawnee, and others) Yu rok wiyot Muskogean (Alabama, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Hitchiti **, Koasati, Mikasuki, Seminole) Natchez ** Atakapa ** Chitimacha ** Tunica ** Tonkawa ** 4. Macro-Siouan Siouan (Biloxi **, Crow, Dakota [Lakota, Sioux ], Hidatsa, Kansa, Ofo **, Omaha, Osage, Ponca, Quapaw, Tutelo ** winnebago) Catawba ** Iroquian (Cayuga, Cherokee, Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Seneca, Tuscarora, Wyandot [Huron ** ]) Caddoan (Arikara, Caddo, Pawnee, Wichita) 5. Hokan (see also Table 2-1) Yuchi Yuman (Cocopa, Diegueno, Havasupai, Maricopa, Mojave, Walapai, Yavapai, Yuma [Quechan]) Pomo (several languages) Palaihnihan (Achomawi, Atsugewi) Shastan Yanan ** Chimariko ** Washo Esselen ** Salinan ** Karok Chumashan (several languages ** ) Comercrudan ** Coahuiltecan ** 6. Macro-Penutian (see also Table 2-4) Yokutsan Maiduan wintun (Nomlaki, Patwin, Wintu) Miwok-Custanoan (Mwok, Costanoan **- several languages) Klamath-Modoc Sahaptian (Nez Perce, Sahaptin, Yakima) Cayuse ** Molale ** Coos Yakonan (Asea, Siuslaw, Umpqua) ** Takelma ** Kalapuya Chinookan Tsimshian Zuni 7. Aztec-Tanoan (see also Table 2-2) Kiowa-Tanoan (Kiowa, Tewa, Tiwa, Towa) Uto-Aztecan (Bannock, Cahuilla, Chemehuevi-Southern Paiute, Comanche, Cupeno, Hopi, Kawaiisu, Luiseno, Mono, Northern Paiute, Panamint, Pima-Papago, Serrano, Shoshoni, Tubatulabal, Ute, Yaqui, and others) Unclassified Languages of North America Kersan Yukian (Yuki, Wappo) Beothuk ** Kutenai Karankawa ** Chimakuan (Quileute, Chemakum ** ) Salish (Bella Coola, Coeur d'Alene, Comox, Flathead, Kalispel, Lilloet, Lower Chehalis, Pend D'Oreille, Shushwap, Squamish, Thompson, Tilamook, Upper Chehalis, and Wakashan others) (Bella Bella, Kwakwala [Kwakiutl ], Makah, Nitinat, Nootka, and others) Timucua ** * Phyla are numbered, with families listed and representative languages in parentheses. Some families are isolates consisting of only one language. ** Extinct language or family. These judgements are conservative : other languages have only a few elderly speakers or may have recently joined this category.
