Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 1999/GME99.ISO/IDX/TLINDEX.EXT

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12,000 B.C. - Early humans domesticate wild dogs.
11,000 B.C. - Flint-edged wooden sickles are used to gather wild grains.
10,500 B.C. - Early humans reach the southern tip of South America.
10,000 B.C. - Jericho, the oldest known city, is built in the Middle East.
10,000 B.C. - Metallurgy is practiced in Anatolia.
9000 B.C. - Plant cultivation begins in the Fertile Crescent region of the Middle East.
9000 B.C. - Sheep are domesticated in the Middle East.
9000 B.C. - The Folsom culture emerges in North America.
8000 B.C. - The Jomon culture begins to emerge in Japan.
7500 B.C. - The Neolithic settlement of Catal Huyuk is founded in Turkey.
7000 B.C. - The first fired-clay pottery is made.
7000 B.C. - Glaciers recede from North America.
7000 B.C. - Mesoamerican peoples begin domesticating plants.
5000 B.C. - The Egyptians begin irrigating crops.
5000 B.C. - The Egyptians use balances for weighing by this time.
5000 B.C. - The Ertebolle culture begins to flourish in Denmark.
5000 B.C. - The Sumerian civilization begins to develop in Mesopotamia.
5000 B.C. - The Yang-shao and Lung-shan cultures are established in China by this time.
5000 B.C. - The earliest ziggurat (temple tower) is built at the Sumerian city of Eridu.
4500 B.C. - The Danubian culture begins in eastern and central Europe about this time.
4500 B.C. - Sumerians domesticate and use onagers to pull vehicles.
4000 B.C. - Cattle are domesticated about this time.
4000 B.C. - The first megaliths are erected in Brittany.
4000 B.C. - The wheel is developed in Mesopotamia.
4000 B.C. - Ox-drawn plows are in use.
3800 B.C. - The earliest known copper artifacts are produced at Tepe Yahya in Iran.
3500 B.C. - Bread making probably originates in Egypt about this time.
3100 B.C. - King Menes unites Upper and Lower Egypt; the Early Dynastic Period begins.
3000 B.C. - Beeswax candles are in use in Egypt and Crete.
3000 B.C. - Hieroglyphic writing originates in Egypt about this time.
3000 B.C. - Bronze implements are in common use in the Middle East.
3000 B.C. - Chariots are in use in Mesopotamia.
3000 B.C. - Cuneiform writing originates in Sumer about this time.
3000 B.C. - Galleys propelled by oars and sails are in use around the Mediterranean.
3000 B.C. - The Beaker culture begins to develop in Central Europe.
3000 B.C. - The Denbigh Flint Complex is established by pre-Eskimo peoples in Alaska.
3000 B.C. - The Minoan civilization begins to flourish on the island of Crete.
3000 B.C. - The Phoenician city of Byblos becomes an active seaport and trade center.
3000 B.C. - The city of Troy is first inhabited about this time.
3000 B.C. - The lyre is developed in Sumeria about this time.
3000 B.C. - The site of Athens is inhabited by this time in present-day Greece.
2800 B.C. - Building of Stonehenge begins in Britain.
2800 B.C. - Lagash becomes the largest city in Sumer about this time.
2700 B.C. - The Indus civilization begins to emerge around the Indus valley in southern Asia.
2700 B.C. - The Egyptians develop a calendar with 365 days.
2600 B.C. - The elephant is domesticated in India.
2686 B.C. - The Egyptian Old Kingdom begins.
2650 B.C. - The oldest pyramid, the Step Pyramid of King Zoser, is built at Saqqara in Egypt.
2500 B.C. - Corn (zea mays) is domesticated in Mesoamerica.
2500 B.C. - The city of Ur becomes the capital of Sumer.
2500 B.C. - The largest pyramid in the world is built for the Egyptian king Khufu at Giza.
2400 B.C. - The Egyptians begin to use papyrus as a writing material about this time.
2333 B.C. - Legendary figure Tangun is said to have established the first Korean kingdom.
2300 B.C. - The Hittites enter Anatolia about this time.
2250 B.C. - The Sumerians develop a mathematical system using a base of 60.
2133 B.C. - Egypt is reunited during the 11th dynasty of the Middle Kingdom.
2000 B.C. - Megalith stone alignments are erected at Carnac in present-day France.
2000 B.C. - The Akkadian poem the Epic of Gilgamesh is composed about this time.
2000 B.C. - The Avebury Circle is built in England.
2000 B.C. - The Celts emerge in Europe about this time.
1991 B.C. - Amenemhet I overthrows the Theban rulers of Egypt to found the 12th Dynasty.
1900 B.C. - Minoan Linear A script writing develops on Crete.
1900 B.C. - The Assyrians are unified in Mesopotamia during the Old Assyrian period.
1900 B.C. - The Hittites begin smelting iron about this time.
1900 B.C. - The cities of Sodom and Gomorrah are demolished by an earthquake.
1800 B.C. - Bronze metalworking begins to spread throughout Europe.
1800 B.C. - The Assyrians are driven out of Anatolia by the Hittites.
1800 B.C. - The Wessex culture is established in Britain about this time.
1792 B.C. - Hammurabi begins his reign as king of Babylonia.
1766 B.C. - The Shang dynasty begins in the Hwang Ho valley in China.
1750 B.C. - The Hittite kingdom is established with Hattusas (modern Bogazkoy) as its capital.
1750 B.C. - The Indus civilization goes into decline about this time.
1700 B.C. - The palaces at Knossos and Phaistos on Crete are destroyed by fire about this time.
1700 B.C. - Abraham, traditional founder of Judaism, lived about this time.
1674 B.C. - Egypt comes under the rule of foreign Hyksos kings.
1650 B.C. - The Rhind papyrus, the earliest surviving mathematical text, is produced.
1650 B.C. - Jacob, grandson of Jewish patriarch Abraham, lived about this time.
1600 B.C. - Greek hoplites (foot-soldiers) begin using protective armor in battle.
1600 B.C. - Oracle bones are used for divination by the Shang in China.
1600 B.C. - The Ebers papyrus documents medical treatment in Egypt.
1600 B.C. - The city of Mycenae develops in Greece.
1600 B.C. - The clepsydra, a water clock, is invented in Egypt.
1570 B.C. - Egyptian expansion begins under the New Kingdom pharaohs.
1570 B.C. - Temple complexes are built at Karnak and Luxor in Egypt.
1567 B.C. - King Ahmose I expels the Hyksos from Egypt.
1550 B.C. - Assyria becomes part of the Kingdom of Mitanni.
1512 B.C. - Thutmose I is the first pharaoh to be buried in the Valley of the Kings.
1503 B.C. - Queen Hatshepsut becomes the only woman to rule Egypt as pharaoh.
1500 B.C. - Glassmaking is perfected in Egypt and the Near East.
1500 B.C. - Minoan settlements on Thera are buried by a volcanic eruption.
1500 B.C. - Sundials are in use in Egypt about this time.
1500 B.C. - The Kingdom of Mitanni flourishes in northern Mesopotamia.
1500 B.C. - The Phoenicians found the city of Tangier in North Africa.
1500 B.C. - Writing of the Hindu Vedas begin in India about this time.
1450 B.C. - Mycenaeans dominate the Aegean.
1450 B.C. - The Minoan civilization on Crete is overrun by invaders from the Greek mainland.
1400 B.C. - Anyang becomes the capital of the Shang dynasty about this time.
1400 B.C. - Minoan Linear A script writing is replaced by Linear B script.
1400 B.C. - The city of Ravenna is founded by Italic tribes about this time.
1380 B.C. - Akhenaten rules Egypt with Nefertiti as his queen-consort.
1370 B.C. - The Sea Peoples destroy the ancient city of Ugarit about this time.
1365 B.C. - Assyria regains its independence from Mitanni.
1361 B.C. - Tutankhamen becomes king of Egypt at age nine.
1350 B.C. - Hittite invaders destroy the Kingdom of Mitanni in Mesopotamia.
1304 B.C. - Ramses II becomes pharaoh of Egypt; he begins building the temples at Abu Simbel.
1300 B.C. - Sidon becomes a prominent Phoenician trading center.
1300 B.C. - The Hittites are dominant in the Near East after they defeat the Egyptians at Kadesh.
1265 B.C. - The Elamite king Untashgal begins his reign.
1250 B.C. - Shalmaneser I founds the Assyrian city of Nimrud.
1200 B.C. - Moses leads the Israelites from Egypt toward Canaan.
1200 B.C. - The Chavin culture begins to develop in Peru.
1200 B.C. - The Olmec civilization begins to develop at San Lorenzo in Mesoamerica.
1200 B.C. - The Sea Peoples overrun the Hittite kingdom.
1200 B.C. - The art of iron smelting is perfected by this time.
1190 B.C. - The Trojan War occurs about this time.
1130 B.C. - Babylonians raid the kingdom of Elam.
1100 B.C. - The Phoenicians found Cadiz in Spain.
1100 B.C. - The city of Mycenae falls to invasion in Greece.
1100 B.C. - The sheng mouth organ is developed in China.
1085 B.C. - Egypt is split in two during the Late Dynastic Period.
1027 B.C. - The Shang are overthrown in China; the Chou dynasty begins.
1020 B.C. - The Israelite tribes form a kingdom under Saul.
1000 B.C. - David defeats the Philistines; Jerusalem is established as the capital of Israel.
1000 B.C. - Saul commits suicide after defeat by the Philistines; he is succeeded by David.
1000 B.C. - The Dorians invade the island of Rhodes.
1000 B.C. -The Phoenician and Hebrew alphabets are developed about this time.
1000 B.C. - The earliest parts of the Bible are written down about this time.
1000 B.C. - The Gezer calendar, the earliest known Hebrew inscription, dates from this time.
1000 B.C. - The Mound Builders are active in North America about this time.
972 B.C. - Solomon succeeds David as king of Israel.
935 B.C. - Sheshonk I becomes the first king of Egypt's 22nd dynasty.
922 B.C. - Jeroboam becomes the first king of Israel; war begins between Judah and Israel.
922 B.C. - The Hebrew kingdom is divided into Israel and Judah after the death of Solomon.
900 B.C. - The Andean culture of Paracas begins to flourish about this time.
900 B.C. - The Celts begin to inhabit Gaul.
900 B.C. - The Olmec seat of power shifts from San Lorenzo to La Venta in Mesoamerica.
887 B.C. - The city of Canton is founded in China.
883 B.C. - Ashurnasirpal II begins to expand the Assyrian empire.
870 B.C. - King Ahab of Israel marries the Phoenician princess Jezebel.
850 B.C. - The Villanovan culture begins to develop in the Tuscany region of Italy about this time.
842 B.C. - Jehu overthrows Ahab to become king of Israel.
814 B.C. - The Phoenicians found the city of Carthage about this time.
800 B.C. - The Greek city of Corinth is founded about this time.
776 B.C. - The first Olympic Games are held in Greece.
753 B.C. - According to legend, Romulus and Remus found the city of Rome.
750 B.C. - Greek author Homer is active about this time according to some scholars.
750 B.C. - The Etruscans begin to expand their colonies in Italy about this time.
750 B.C. - The earliest Greek colony in Italy is founded at Cumae about this time.
745 B.C. - King Tiglath-Pileser III begins the restoration of Assyrian imperial power.
735 B.C. - Ahaz becomes king of Judah.
734 B.C. - The Corinthians settle the island of Corfu.
732 B.C. - Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III captures Damascus and makes Israel a vassal state.
729 B.C. - The Assyrians seize the throne of Babylon.
722 B.C. - Peking (Beijing) becomes the capital of the Yen Kingdom in China.
722 B.C. - The Assyrians conquer the kingdom of Israel.
721 B.C. - Sargon II founds the last Assyrian dynasty.
716 B.C. - Egypt is conquered by the rulers of Cush, who found the 25th dynasty.
715 B.C. - Sparta conquers Messenia in the First Messenian War.
704 B.C. - King Sennacherib establishes Nineveh as the capital of Assyria.
700 B.C. - Bireme galleys with two banks of oars are developed.
700 B.C. - Iron implements begin to replace copper during the Hallstatt Period in Europe.
700 B.C. - The Lydians begin using coins as currency.
700 B.C. - The saddle is developed by the Scythians about this time.
691 B.C. - The Assyrians build an early aqueduct, transporting water 34 miles to Nineveh.
689 B.C. - The Assyrians suppress a Babylonian revolt and destroy the city of Babylon.
688 B.C. - The sport of boxing is included in the Olympic Games.
681 B.C. - King Sennacherib of Assyria is assassinated; Esarhaddon succeeds him.
671 B.C. - The Assyrians capture Memphis and rule part of Egypt.
664 B.C. - Psamtik I founds the 26th dynasty and begins to reunite Egypt.
663 B.C. - Assyria reaches its greatest extent under king Ashurbanipal.
661 B.C. - The Egyptian city of Thebes is sacked by the Assyrians.
660 B.C. - According to legend the Japanese state is founded by emperor Jimmu.
660 B.C. - The city of Byzantium (Istanbul) is founded.
646 B.C. - Assyrian ruler Ashurbanipal captures and burns Susa, ending the Elamite kingdom.
640 B.C. - Josiah becomes king of Judah.
640 B.C. - Perdiccas I establishes the Kingdom of Macedonia about this time.
630 B.C. - The Cimmerians are conquered by the Scythians in European Russia.
625 B.C. - King Cyaxares unifies the Median tribes in western Asia.
625 B.C. - Periander succeeds his father Cypselus as tyrant of Corinth.
624 B.C. - Horse racing becomes an event in the Olympic Games.
616 B.C. - The Etruscan king Tarquinius Priscus rules Rome.
612 B.C. - The Medes and Babylonians sack Nineveh; the Assyrian Empire collapses.
609 B.C. - Necho II succeeds his father Psamtik I as pharaoh of Egypt.
600 B.C. - Building of a Doric temple begins at the sacred sanctuary of Olympia in Greece.
600 B.C. - The Greek colony of Poseidonia (Paestum) is founded in Italy.
600 B.C. - The Greeks found Massilia (Marseille) on the Mediterranean coast.
600 B.C. - The religion of Zoroastrianism develops in Iran about this time.
600 B.C. - Sappho, the most famous woman poet of antiquity, is active about this time.
597 B.C. - Zedekiah, the last king of Judah, begins his reign.
594 B.C. - The archon Solon makes sweeping social reforms in Athens.
586 B.C. - Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II destroys Jerusalem, capital of Judah.
586 B.C. - The Jews begin their Babylonian captivity.
585 B.C. - Greek philosopher and scientist Thales of Miletus predicts an eclipse of the Sun.
570 B.C. - Ahmose II becomes king of Egypt.
570 B.C. - Cleitias, a Greek vase painter of the Black Figure style, is active about this time.
561 B.C. - Peisistratus becomes tyrant of Athens.
560 B.C. - Croesus succeeds his father Alyattes as king of Lydia.
550 B.C. - Cyrus the Great conquers the Medes and founds the Achaemenid Persian empire.
550 B.C. - Lao-tzu develops the Tao Te Ching, outlining the philosophy of Taoism.
550 B.C. - The first plays are performed in Greece about this time.
547 B.C. - Cyrus the Great defeats King Croesus and captures the Lydian capital of Sardis.
546 B.C. - Greek philosopher and scientist Thales of Miletus dies about this time.
543 B.C. - Colombo is settled in Sri Lanka.
539 B.C. - The Persians under Cyrus the Great conquer Babylon.
537 B.C. - The Persians free the Jews from Babylonian rule.
534 B.C. - The actor Thespis wins first prize in a tragedy competition held in Athens.
530 B.C. - Cyrus the Great is killed in battle; he is succeeded by his son Cambyses II.
525 B.C. - The Persians under Cambyses II conquer Egypt.
520 B.C. - Epictetus, a Red Figure style painter of Greek vases, is active about this time.
518 B.C. - Darius I begins building the city of Persepolis as the Persian royal residence.
512 B.C. - Darius I conquers the city of Byzantium.
510 B.C. - Spartan king Cleomenes I overthrows the Athenian tyrant Hippias.
510 B.C. - The last Roman king, Tarquinius Superbus, is expelled.
509 B.C. - Rome becomes a republic.
507 B.C. - Cleisthenes introduces democracy to Athens.
500 B.C. - Etruscan king Lars Porsena besieges Rome.
500 B.C. - The Adena mound complexes are built in the Ohio Valley in North America.
500 B.C. - The Zapotec found the city of Monte Alban in Mesoamerica.
500 B.C. - The earliest known hand-knotted carpet is buried in a tomb at Pazyryk in Siberia.
494 B.C. - Cleomenes I of Sparta defeats the city of Argos in Greece.
493 B.C. - Rome concludes an alliance with the Latin League.
491 B.C. - Gelon, also known as the tyrant of Gela, becomes ruler of Sicily after the death of Hippocrates.
490 B.C. - The Greeks defeat the Persians at the Battle of Marathon.
480 B.C. - Greek philosopher Heraclitus of Ephesus is active about this time.
480 B.C. - Greek philosopher Pythagoras of Samos dies about this time.
480 B.C. - Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, dies about this time in India.
480 B.C. - The Greeks defeat the Persian navy at Salamis; over 1,000 triremes are used.
480 B.C. - The Persians defeat the Greeks at Thermopylae; Athens is burned.
479 B.C. - Confucius, China's first and most famous philosopher, dies about this time.
479 B.C. - The Greeks under Aristides and Pausanias defeat the Persians at Plataea.
478 B.C. - The Delian League is established under the leadership of Athens.
472 B.C. - Aeschylus' earliest preserved play, The Persians, is performed.
465 B.C. - Xerxes is assassinated; he is succeeded by his son Artaxerxes I as king of Persia.
460 B.C. - Pericles becomes the political leader of Athens about this time.
450 B.C. - The La Tene Period begins in central Europe.
450 B.C. - The religion of Jainism is firmly established in India.
447 B.C. - Building of the Parthenon begins in Athens.
445 B.C. - The ban on marriage between patricians and plebeians is removed in Rome.
431 B.C. - The Peloponnesian War begins between Athens and Sparta.
430 B.C. - Herodotus writes The History of the Persian Wars about this time.
425 B.C. - Sophocles' play Oedipus Rex is completed about this time.
415 B.C. - Euripides' play The Trojan Women is performed for the first time.
411 B.C. - Aristophanes' play Lysistrata is performed for the first time.
411 B.C. - Athenian historian Thucydides ends his History of the Peloponnesian War.
411 B.C. - Athenian historian Xenophon begins to write the Hellenica, a history of Greece.
405 B.C. - Spartan general Lysander defeats the Athenian fleet at Aegospotami.
405 B.C. The Acropolis of Athens is completed.
404 B.C. - Athens surrenders to Sparta, ending the Peloponnesian War.
404 B.C. - Egypt becomes independent from Persia.
404 B.C. - Sparta conquers Athens and assumes the leadership of all Greece.
403 B.C. - Ssu-ma Kuang begins compiling the Chinese history the Tzu-chih t'ung-chien.
401 B.C. - Persian king Artaxerxes II defeats and kills his brother Cyrus the Younger at Cunaxa.
400 B.C. - Construction of the hill fort at Maiden Castle begins in England about this time.
400 B.C. - Greek philosopher Democritus is active about this time.
400 B.C. - Greek physician Hippocrates is active about this time.
399 B.C. - Socrates is executed for impiety and corrupting the youth of Athens.
396 B.C. - Spartan king Agesilaus II defeats the Persian satrap Tissaphernes.
396 B.C. - The Etruscan city of Veii is conquered by Rome after a 10-year siege.
390 B.C. - Gallic king Brennus sacks Rome.
387 B.C. - Plato founds the Academy in Athens about this time.
386 B.C. - The Thebans and Athenians renew the war against Sparta.
371 B.C. - Epaminondas defeats the Spartans at Leuctra; Thebes is dominant in Greece.
370 B.C. - Greek philosopher Plato writes The Republic.
359 B.C. - Philip II becomes king of Macedonia.
354 B.C. - Greek historian Xenophon dies about this time.
350 B.C. - Praxiteles completes the sculpture Hermes Holding the Infant Dionysus.
341 B.C. - The Persians reconquer Egypt.
340 B.C. - Greek sculptor Lysippus completes the bronze statue of the Farnese Heracles.
339 B.C. - Philip II of Macedonia defeats the forces of Athens and Thebes at Chaeronea.
338 B.C. - Rome defeats the Latin League in the Latin Wars.
336 B.C. - Philip II is assassinated; Alexander the Great succeeds him as king of Macedonia.
333 B.C. - Alexander conquers Syria, Phoenicia, and Egypt.
333 B.C. - Alexander defeats the Persian king Darius III at the Battle of Issus.
332 B.C. - Alexander founds Alexandria in Egypt.
331 B.C. - Alexander defeats the Persian king Darius III at Gaugamela.
327 B.C. - Alexander invades India.
323 B.C. - Alexander dies at Babylon; the Diadochi seek control of the Macedonian empire.
323 B.C. - Alexander's general Ptolemy I inherits Egypt and Palestine.
321 B.C. - Chandragupta Maurya founds the Maurya dynasty of India.
320 B.C. - A portrait of Aristotle, the first example of true portraiture, is painted in Greece.
312 B.C. - The Romans begin building the Via Appia (the Appian Way).
305 B.C. - Seleucus I Nicator (the Conqueror) becomes king of Macedonia.
300 B.C. - Greek mathematician Euclid is active about this time.
300 B.C. - The Okvik prehistoric Eskimo culture develops in Alaska.
300 B.C. - The Sarmatians displace the Scythians in European Russia about this time.
290 B.C. - Rome defeats the Samnites, ending the Samnite Wars.
290 B.C. - The Sabines are granted Roman citizenship.
282 B.C. - Greek king Pyrrhus of Epirus aids the Tarentines in their war against Rome.
280 B.C. - The Pharos lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is built at Alexandria.
279 B.C. - The Greeks block the advance of the Gauls at Thermopylae.
278 B.C. - The Celts, or Galli (Gauls), settle Galatia in central Anatolia.
273 B.C. - The Romans and their allies conquer the Etruscan city of Caere.
264 B.C. - Carthage occupies Sicily, beginning the First Punic War with Rome.
264 B.C. - Contests between gladiators are held in Rome by this time.
256 B.C. - The Romans under Marcus Atilius Regulus besiege Carthage but are defeated.
250 B.C. - Indian emperor Asoka makes Buddhism the state religion about this time.
250 B.C. - The Hebrew Bible is translated into Greek.
247 B.C. - The Carthaginians under Hamilcar Barca renew their attack on Sicily.
246 B.C. - Ptolemy III succeeds his father Ptolemy II as king of Egypt.
241 B.C. - Rome defeats Carthage, ending the First Punic War.
240 B.C. - Eratosthenes of Cyrene calculates the circumference of the Earth about this time.
240 B.C. - Livius Andronicus produces the first Latin literature in Rome.
239 B.C. - The appearance of Halley's comet is recorded for the first time.
238 B.C. - The Romans seize Sardinia and Corsica from Carthage.
237 B.C. - Carthaginian generals Hasdrubal and Hannibal conquer large areas of Spain.
230 B.C. - Epigonus of Pergamum sculpts the bronze statue The Dying Gaul.
230 B.C. - The Buddhist Andhra dynasty rules in Andhra Pradesh, India.
228 B.C. - King Attalus I of Pergamum conquers most of Seleucid Anatolia.
227 B.C. - Spartan king Cleomenes III defeats the Achaean League.
222 B.C. - Macedonian king Antigonus III assists the Achaean League in defeating the Spartans.
221 B.C. - China is unified under Shih Huang-ti (First Emperor) of the Ch'in dynasty.
221 B.C. - Philip V succeeds Antigonus III as king of Macedonia.
219 B.C. - Carthaginian general Hannibal attacks the Romans at Saguntum (Sagunto) in Spain.
218 B.C. - Carthaginian general Hannibal leads his army across the Alps to invade Italy.
218 B.C. - The Second Punic War between Rome and Carthage begins.
216 B.C. - Hannibal defeats four Roman legions at Cannae.
215 B.C. - Construction of The Great Wall of China begins about this time.
212 B.C. - The mathematician Archimedes is killed during the Roman conquest of Syracuse.
210 B.C. - Chinese emperor Shih Huang-ti dies; he is buried with a life-sized pottery army.
206 B.C. - Roman general Scipio Africanus Major defeats the Carthaginians in Spain.
206 B.C. - Seleucid king Antiochus III conquers Armenia, Parthia and Bactria.
204 B.C. - Roman general Scipio Africanus Major invades North Africa.
202 B.C. - The Han dynasty begins in China under Liu Pang, ending the Ch'in dynasty.
202 B.C. - The Romans defeat Hannibal in the Second Punic War; Carthage became a Roman dependency.
202 B.C. - The Seleucid king Antiochus III begins his conquest of Syria and Palestine.
201 B.C. - Masinissa founds the kingdom of Numidia in North Africa.
201 B.C. - Rome unites with Pergamum and Rhodes against Philip V of Macedonia.
200 B.C. - Gauls of the Parisii tribe establish a settlement on the site of Paris.
200 B.C. - Iron horseshoes came into use about this time.
200 B.C. - Parchment comes into wide use about this time.
200 B.C. - Roman comic dramatist Plautus writes the play Stichus.
200 B.C. - Stirrups are probably in use in China by this date.
200 B.C. - The Nazca culture begins to flourish in Peru about this time.
200 B.C. - The Sadducees Jewish religious sect begins to flourish about this time.
197 B.C. - Roman general Titus Quinctius Flamininus defeats Philip V at Cynoscephalae.
196 B.C. - The Seleucid king Antiochus III invades Thrace.
191 B.C. - Antiochus III is defeated by the Romans at Thermopylae.
186 B.C. - The Roman festival of Bacchanalia is prohibited.
185 B.C. - The Maurya dynasty ends in India with the assassination of Brihadnatha.
184 B.C. - Cato becomes the censor of Rome.
183 B.C. - Hannibal commits suicide to avoid surrendering to Rome.
179 B.C. - Perseus succeeds his father Philip V as king of Macedonia.
175 B.C. - The Hellenistic sculpture the Laocoon is begun about this time.
174 B.C. - Building of the colossal temple of Zeus Olympius begins in Athens.
168 B.C. - Jews under the Maccabees revolt against Seleucid rule in Palestine.
168 B.C. - The Romans defeat King Perseus and abolish the Macedonian monarchy.
165 B.C. - The Maccabees, assisted by the Hasideans, occupy Jerusalem and reconsecrate the Temple.
150 B.C. - Hipparchus of Rhodes compiles the first star catalog.
149 B.C. - The Third Punic War begins when Carthage attacks Numidia, an ally of Rome.
146 B.C. - The Romans destroys Carthage, ending the Third Punic War..
146 B.C. - The Romans destroy the Achaean League in Greece.
145 B.C. - Ptolemy VIII assassinates Ptolemy VII to become sole ruler of Egypt.
140 B.C. - Wu Ti (martial emperor) rules the Han dynasty in China.
139 B.C. - Independence of the Jewish state is recognized by Roman decree.
139 B.C. - The Romans defeat the Celts in the Iberian Peninsula and found Lusitania.
130 B.C. - The poet Antipater of Sidon lists the Seven Wonders of the World about this time.
121 B.C. - The Gallic settlement at Nimes comes under Roman control.
120 B.C. - Mithradates VI succeeds his father as king of Pontus.
111 B.C. - Han dynasty China annexes Annam (northern Vietnam).
106 B.C. - The Gallic city of Tolosa (Toulouse) is conquered by the Romans.
105 B.C. - Rome defeats King Jugurtha; Numidia becomes part of the Roman Empire.
101 B.C. - Roman leaders Catulus, Marius and Sulla defeat the Cimbri at the Po River.
100 B.C. - Bog burials are made in northern Europe about this time.
100 B.C. - Greek grammarian Dionysius Thrax writes the Art of Grammar about this time.
100 B.C. - Shadow puppets develop in China about this time.
100 B.C. - The Anasazi culture begins to flourish in North America about this time.
95 B.C. - The Scythians conquer Gandhara in present-day Pakistan.
95 B.C. - Tigranes I becomes king of Armenia and begins the expansion of his empire.
91 B.C. - Marcus Livius Drusus is murdered; Rome and its allies begin the Social War.
89 B.C. - The right to Roman citizenship is extended throughout Italy.
88 B.C. - Sulla leads the Roman forces against Mithradates VI in the first Mithradatic War.
87 B.C. - Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Cinna capture Rome in the civil war.
82 B.C. - Roman general Sulla captures Rome and becomes dictator.
82 B.C. - The Romans occupy Tingis (Tangier) in North Africa.
80 B.C. - Sulla devastates the Etruscan cities; the Etruscans become Roman citizens.
73 B.C. - The gladiator Spartacus leads an uprising of fugitive slaves in Italy.
71 B.C. - Roman general Marcus Licinius Crassus defeats and kills Spartacus at Lucania.
66 B.C. - The Romans defeat King Tigranes I; Armenia becomes a tributary of Rome.
63 B.C. - Lucullus and Pompey defeat Mithradates VI in the third Mithradatic War.
63 B.C. - Roman general Pompey conquers Palestine and captures Jerusalem.
60 B.C. - Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar form the first Roman Triumvirate.
59 B.C. - The Acta diurna, a type of news gazette, is published in Rome.
58 B.C. - The Gallic Wars begin when Julius Caesar invades Gaul.
58 B.C. - The island of Cyprus is annexed by Rome.
57 B.C. - Julius Caesar conquers the Belgae in present-day Belgium.
57 B.C. - The kingdom of Silla is established in Korea.
55 B.C. - Julius Caesar's Roman legions invade Britain.
55 B.C. - Pompey's Theater, the first permanent Roman playhouse, is built.
52 B.C. - Vercingetorix unites the Gallic tribes to resist Rome.
51 B.C. - Julius Caesar conquers Gaul, ending the Gallic Wars.
50 B.C. - The art of glassblowing is developed about this time in Phoenicia.
50 B.C. - Roman philosopher-poet Lucretius writes De rerum natura about this time.
49 B.C. - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon into Italy and begins a civil war.
48 B.C. - Caesar defeats Pompey at Pharsalus; Pompey is assassinated in Egypt.
48 B.C. - Civil war breaks out in Egypt between Ptolemy XIII and his sister Cleopatra.
47 B.C. - Caesar's Roman army arrives in Egypt; Cleopatra becomes Caesar's mistress.
47 B.C. - Caesar's army defeats and kills Ptolemy XIII.
46 B.C. - Caesar is appointed dictator of Rome.
44 B.C. - Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus assassinate Julius Caesar.
43 B.C. - Mark Antony, Octavian (Augustus), and Lepidus form the Second Triumvirate in Rome.
42 B.C. - Octavian and Mark Antony defeat Brutus and Cassius Longinus at Philippi.
42 B.C. - Queen Cleopatra of Egypt becomes Mark Antony's mistress.
37 B.C. - Herod the Great rules Judea under Roman appointment.
37 B.C. - Marcus Agrippa's Roman fleet defeats Sextus Pompeius at Mylae.
31 B.C. - Octavian defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium.
30 B.C. - Cleopatra and Mark Antony commit suicide.
30 B.C. - Egypt is declared a Roman province, ending the Ptolemaic dynasty.
29 B.C. - Roman poet Vergil begins the Aeneid.
27 B.C. - Octavian becomes the first Roman emperor; the Senate names him Augustus.
27 B.C. - Roman emperor Augustus establishes the Praetorian guard.
23 B.C. - Roman lyric poet Horace writes his three books of 88 Odes.
20 B.C. - Marcus Verrius Flaccus compiles the first general dictionary.
19 B.C. - The Romans build the Pont du Gard at Nimes in Gaul (now France).
19 B.C. - The Romans complete their conquest of the Iberian Peninsula.
18 B.C. - The Kingdom of Paekche is established in Korea.
16 B.C. - The Maison Carree temple is donated to the city of Nimes by Marcus Agrippa.
12 B.C. - The Romans begin an attempt to conquer Germany.
6 B.C. - Jesus Christ is born in Bethlehem at about this time.
6 B.C. - Judea comes under the direct control of Roman procurators.
4 B.C. - Herod the Great dies; Emperor Augustus divides Herod's kingdom among his sons.
1 B.C. - Roman poet Ovid writes the Art of Love.
1 - The world population is about 250 million.
4 - Roman emperor Augustus adopts Tiberius and recognizes him as his successor.
6 - Judea becomes a province of Rome.
8 - Roman poet Ovid completes his greatest poetic achievement Metamorphoses.
9 - Chinese emperor Wang Mang founds the Hsin dynasty, ending the Former Han dynasty.
9 - German leader Arminius defeats three Roman legions in the Battle of Teutoburg Forest.
14 - Augustus dies; he is succeeded by Tiberius as emperor of Rome.
23 - Chinese emperor Wang Mang dies.
25 - The Later Han dynasty is established in China.
27 - Jesus Christ is baptized by John the Baptist about this time.
28 - John the Baptist is executed by Herod Antipas.
30 - Jesus Christ is crucified by order of Pontius Pilate, Roman governor of Judea.
32 - St. Paul is converted to Christianity.
37 - Tiberius dies; he is succeeded by Caligula as emperor of Rome.
39 - The Roman encyclopedist Celsus dies.
40 - An early Christian church is erected at Corinth.
41 - Caligula is assassinated; Claudius becomes emperor of Rome.
43 - The Romans invade Britain.
43 - The city of Londinium (London) is founded.
45 - St. Paul begins his Christian missionary travels.
45 - The Epistle of James is begun about this time.
46 - Thrace becomes a Roman province.
48 - Gallic nobles are admitted to the Roman Senate.
50 - Cologne is founded about this time in present-day Germany.
50 - The expansion of the kingdom of Aksum begins in present-day Ethiopia.
50 - The first Roman colony in Britain is founded at Colchester.
50 - The Chinese invent the ship's rudder.
54 - Claudius is murdered; Nero becomes emperor of Rome.
57 - St. Paul writes his Epistles to the Corinthians.
60 - Boadicea, queen of the Iceni tribe, rebels against Roman rule in Britain.
62 - St. James (the brother of Jesus Christ) is stoned to death.
64 - Rome is devastated by fire; the Christians are blamed and persecuted.
64 - The Kushans sack the city of Taxila in present-day Pakistan.
65 - Roman philosopher Seneca commits suicide.
65 - Writing of The Gospel According to Mark is begun.
66 - A Jewish revolt against Roman rule begins in Judea.
66 - Roman writer Petronius Arbiter, the reputed author of the Satyricon, dies.
67 - St. Peter and St. Paul are martyred in Rome.
68 - Buddhism is introduced into China from India.
68 - Roman emperor Nero commits suicide.
69 - Vespasian becomes emperor of Rome and founds the Flavian dynasty.
70 - Roman general Titus suppresses a Jewish revolt and captures Jerusalem.
70 - The Herod dynasty ends in Judea.
70 - Writing of the Acts of the Apostles begins.
73 - The Romans conquer Masada, the last Jewish stronghold.
75 - Josephus begins his history of the Jewish War.
77 - Pliny the Elder writes his Historia naturalis.
78 - Roman general Agricola becomes governor of Britain.
79 - Mount Vesuvius erupts, burying the Roman city of Pompeii.
80 - The Gospel According to Luke and The Gospel According to Matthew are begun.
80 - The building of the Colosseum is completed in Rome.
81 - The Arch of Titus is erected in Rome.
81 - Titus dies; he is succeeded by Domitian as emperor of Rome.
92 - St. Clement becomes Bishop of Rome.
97 - St. Timothy is martyred at Ephesus.
98 - Nerva dies; he is succeeded by Trajan as emperor of Rome.
100 - Teotihuacan in central Mexico has a population of 50,000.
100 - The compilation of the Kamasutra is begun in India.
100 - The earliest Chinese dictionary, the Shuo Wen, is compiled about this time.
105 - Paper is invented in China.
106 - The city of Petra in present-day Jordan is conquered by the Roman emperor Trajan.
113 - Emperor Trajan's column is built to glorify his military victories.
115 - Greek writer Lucian's The True History describes a fantasy trip to the moon.
117 - The Roman Empire is at the height of its territorial power.
117 - Trajan dies; he is succeeded by Hadrian as emperor of Rome.
118 - The Roman Forum is completed.
120 - The Pantheon is completed in Rome.
122 - Construction of Hadrian's Wall is begun to protect Britain from northern tribes.
130 - The Taoist religion is accepted in China.
130 - The temple of Zeus is completed in Athens.
132 - The Jewish Bar Kochba revolt begins against the Romans.
135 - Suppression of the Jewish revolt leads to the diaspora (dispersion) of the Jews.
138 - Hadrian dies; he is succeeded by Antoninus Pius as emperor of Rome.
150 - Apuleius, author of the Latin tale The Golden Ass, dies.
150 - Greek astronomer Ptolemy writes his Almagest and Geography.
150 - The earliest surviving Sanskrit inscriptions are made in India.
161 - Marcus Aurelius, author of the Meditations, becomes emperor of Rome.
170 - Pausanias writes his Description of Greece, a contemporary guide book.
170 - Persecution of the Christians increases in Rome.
180 - Bronze equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius is completed in Rome.
189 - The reign of the last Han Emperor, Hsien-Ti, begins.
190 - Alexandrian surgeon Galen compiles his writings on medical treatments.
190 - The abacus is used for numerical calculation in China.
196 - Roman emperor Septimius Severus sacks the city of Byzantium (Istanbul).
200 - Carthage in North Africa becomes a world metropolis under Roman rule.
201 - Empress Jingo reigns as regent in Japan.
206 - The building of the Baths of Caracalla is begun in Rome by Septimius Severus.
212 - Emperor Caracalla grants citizenship to all freemen of the empire.
220 - The Goths invade Asia Minor and the Balkan Peninsula.
220 - The Han dynasty ends in China.
224 - Sassanians under Ardashir defeat the Arascid dynasty in Persia.
250 - Diophantus of Alexandria writes the first book on algebra.
250 - Emperor Decius persecutes the Christians and makes emperor-worship compulsory.
250 - The Early Classic period of the Maya begins in Mesoamerica.
250 - The Kingdom of Aksum gains control of the Red Sea trade.
254 - Plotinus, the founder of neoplatonism, begins writing his discourses.
257 - The Franks invade Spain.
257 - The Visigoths and Ostrogoths invade the Black Sea region.
260 - Persians under Shapur I defeat the Roman army and capture Emperor Valerian.
265 - The reign of the first Chin dynasty begins in China.
268 - The Goths attack Athens, Sparta, and Corinth.
270 - The first compass is used in China about this time.
276 - Mani, founder of Manichean sect, is crucified in Persia.
284 - Emperor Diocletian bans alchemical books.
285 - Confucianism is introduced into Japan.
286 -  Diocletian divides Roman Empire into four administrative districts.
286 - Saint Maurice and the Theban legion are massacred by Emperor Maximian.
295 - Diocletian's Palace is built on the Dalmatian coast of Croatia.
297 - Rome recaptures Armenia and Mesopotamia.
300 - St. Anthony forms Christian hermit communities in the Egyptian desert.
301 - The kingdom of Armenia becomes the first nation to adopt Catholicism as the state religion.
305 - Roman emperor Diocletian abdicates in the East; Maximian abdicates in the West
306 - Constantine becomes Emperor of the West.
311 - The final persecution of the Christians begins in Rome.
312 - Emperor Constantine is converted to Christianity.
312 - The Edict of Toleration at Milan legalizes Christianity.
313 - The Koguryo Kingdom expels the Chinese from Korea.
316 - The Huns (Hsuiung-nu) invade northern China.
320 - Chandragupta I founds the Gupta dynasty in northern India.
324 - Constantine defeats Licinius, the former Emperor of the East, at Adrianople (now Edirne).
325 - The council of bishops at Nicaea decide that God and Christ are one.
330 - St. Peter's Church in Rome is designed for Christian worship.
330 - The Roman capital moves to Constantinople (now Istanbul); the Byzantine Empire begins.
341 - Coptic Christianity is introduced into Ethiopia.
350 - A school of church song (Schola Cantorum) is founded in Rome.
350 - Aksum destroys the kingdom of Meroe.
350 - The Huns invade Persia and India.
350 - The Persians regain Armenia from Rome.
360 - The Japanese invade Korea.
360 - The Picts and Scots cross Hadrian's Wall and attack Roman Britain.
360 - Vellum books begin to replace scrolls.
364 - Valentinian becomes Emperor of the West; Valens becomes Emperor of the East.
370 - The Huns appear in Europe for the first time.
370 - Theodosius drives the Picts and Scots out of Britain.
372 - Buddhism is introduced into Korea from China.
376 - The Huns invade Russia.
378 - Emperor Valens is killed by the Visigoths at the Battle of Adrianople (now Edirne).
378 - St. Ursus builds a cathedral at Ravenna.
380 - Chandragupta II heads the Gupta Empire.
383 - The Roman army begins the evacuation of Britain.
386 - Hymn singing is introduced by Ambrose, Bishop of Milan.
386 - St. Augustine converts to Christianity.
395 - Theodosius dies; the Roman Empire is permanently divided into East and West.
396 - Alaric, king of the Visigoths, plunders Athens
401 - Pope Innocent I claims universal power over the Roman church.
401 - The Visigoths invade Italy.
406 - The Vandals invade Gaul; Roman legions are withdrawn from Britain.
407 - The first Mongol empire is founded by the Avars.
409 - The Vandals invade Spain.
410 - The Visigoths under Alaric destroy Rome.
411 - St. Augustine writes The City of God.
420 - St. Jerome, translator of the Bible into Latin, dies.
425 - Constantinople University is founded.
425 - Vandals, Ostrogoths and Visigoths settle in former Roman provinces.
429 - Vandals under Gaiseric establish a kingdom in North Africa.
432 - St. Patrick's Christian mission reaches Ireland.
433 - Attila becomes the ruler of the Huns.
439 - The Vandals capture Carthage.
449 - Jutes, Angles, and Saxons begin the conquest of Britain.
450 - The Basket Maker III period of the Anasazi culture begins in North America.
451 - Attila the Hun invades Gaul but is repulsed at the Battle of Chalons.
452 - Attila the Hun invades Italy.
452 - Venice is founded by refugees from the Huns.
455 - Skandagupta defeats a Hun invasion and becomes emperor of India.
455 - The Vandals under Gaiseric sack Rome.
470 - Mayan urban civilization flourishes in southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and Belize.
470 - The Huns withdraw from Europe.
471 - Theodoric the Great becomes king of the Ostrogoths.
476 - Germanic king Odoacer occupies Rome, ending the Roman Empire of the West.
478 - The first Shinto shrines are built in Japan.
480 - The Gupta Empire begins to decline after an invasion by White Huns.
486 - Frankish king Clovis defeats the Romans in Gaul and founds the Merovingian dynasty.
493 - Frankish king Clovis becomes the first barbarian ruler to be baptized.
493 - Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, becomes ruler of all Italy.
500 - Modern forms of harness for draft animals appear in China about this time.
500 - The Lex Salica Germanic law is composed.
500 - The colonial period of the Hohokam culture begins in North America about this time.
501 - Gundobad, king of the Burgundians, establishes judicial duel or trial by combat.
507 - The Franks conquer the Visigoths; Alaric II is killed by Clovis.
511 - Clovis, king of the Franks, dies; his kingdom is divided among his four sons.
520 - King Arthur is said to have organized the Celtic defense against Saxon invaders.
523 - Hilderic becomes the Vandal king of North Africa.
523 - Roman scholar Boethius writes On the Consolation of Philosophy.
525 - Theodora marries Justinian, the future Byzantine emperor.
526 - Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths and ruler of Italy, dies.
527 - Justinian becomes emperor of Byzantium.
529 - St. Benedict founds the Benedictine order and builds an abbey at Monte Cassino, Italy.
531 - Khosru I becomes king of Persia; the Sassanian Empire is at its greatest extent.
534 - Byzantine general Belisarius reconquers North Africa.
534 - Roman Law is codified under Justinian as the Body of Civil Law.
535 - A 12-story pagoda is built in China.
537 - The church of Hagia Sophia is completed in Constantinople (Istanbul).
538 - Buddhism is introduced into Japan from Korea.
541 - A bubonic plague begins to ravage Europe.
547 - The Byzantine church of San Vitale is built at Ravenna in Italy.
550 - The crucifix develops as an ornament about this time.
550 - The Late Classic Period of the Maya begins in Mesoamerica.
552 - Persian monks smuggle Chinese silkworms into Constantinople (Istanbul).
553 - Justinian reconquers Italy from the Ostrogoths.
560 - The Mediterranean seaboard falls under Byzantine control.
562 - The Silla kingdom expels the Japanese from Korea.
563 - St. Columba establishes an Irish monastery on the island of Iona.
568 - The Lombards invade northern Italy.
570 - The prophet Muhammad is born at Mecca.
572 - War begins between Persia and Byzantium.
581 - Wen Ti founds the Sui dynasty and reunites China.
586 - The earliest known depiction of Christ on the cross is made.
589 - The Visigoths in Spain are converted to Christianity.
590 - Gregory I becomes the first monk to be elected as Pope.
594 - The plague that began in 541 ends, after halving the population of Europe.
597 - St. Augustine begins his Christian mission to England at Canterbury.
600 - A Mayan center is established at Bonampak in Mexico about this time.
600 - Irish missionaries work in Scotland and Germany.
600 - Pope Gregory I supervises the compiling of plainsong (Gregorian chants).
600 - Smallpox spreads from India to Europe.
600 - The Anglo-Saxons are dominant in Britain; romanized Britons survive in the west.
600 - The city of Huari is established in central Peru about this time.
600 - The game of chess is invented in India about this time.
600 - The kettledrum originates in the Near East about this time.
600 - Windmills are in use in Persia for irrigation.
607 - The first Buddhist temple is built at Nara in Japan.
610 - Muhammad, the founder of Islam, receives his first prophetic message.
614 - Persian armies overrun Asia Minor and capture Jerusalem.
618 - The T'ang dynasty in China establishes an imperial bureaucracy.
619 - The Persians conquer Egypt
620 - Lyric poetry of the T'ang dynasty promotes the use of the Chinese language.
622 - The Muslim era begins with the Hegira, the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina.
627 - The Byzantines under Heraclius defeat the Persians at Nineveh.
629 - The Visigoths drive the Byzantines from Spain.
630 - A holy war (jihad) by Muslims leads to the conquest of Mecca.
632 - Muhammad dies; he is succeeded by the first caliph (successor) Abu Bakr.
637 - Arab armies destroy the Sassanian Empire.
642 - The Arabs complete the conquest of Syria, Mesopotamia, and Egypt.
645 - Buddhism reaches Tibet from India.
645 - T'ang dynasty artist Yen Li-pen is active about this time.
646 - The Taika Reform remodels Japanese imperial authority on Chinese lines.
650 - Coptic art in Egypt incorporates Christian and Arab influences.
650 - Teotihuacan falls into decline in central Mexico; the city is looted and burned.
651 - The Koran, sacred book of Islam, reaches its final form.
658 - Chinese power in central Asia reaches its maximum extent.
661 - Classical Arab music evolves under the Umayyad caliphs (leaders).
661 - The schism of Islam into Shiite and Sunnite factions begins.
664 - The Arabs conquer the city of Kabul in present-day Afghanistan.
668 - Korea is unified under the kingdom of Silla.
670 - Caedmon, the first English poet, writes Christian verse.
673 - Greek fire, an incendiary weapon,  is used against the Muslims in the siege of Constantinople (Istanbul).
674 - The Arab eastward conquest reaches the Indus River.
678 - A Muslim blockade of Constantinople fails; the Byzantines and Arabs establish a truce.
680 - The Bulgars invade the Balkans
688 - Construction begins of the Dome of the Rock mosque in Jerusalem.
695 - The Jews are persecuted in Spain.
697 - The Arabs begin the permanent destruction of Carthage.
700 - Arabic becomes the official language of Egypt.
700 - Chichen Itza becomes an important Mayan center in the Yucatan (Mexico).
700 - First Pueblo period begins in North America; above-ground adobe dwellings are built.
700 - The Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf is composed.
700 - The Arabs capture Tunis, exterminating Christianity in North Africa.
700 - The Mississippian culture is founded in North America; the Cahokia Mounds are begun.
700 - The Mochica culture declines about this time in Peru.
700 - The Zapotec center at Monte Alban in Mexico is abandoned about this time.
700 - The rise of the Empire of Ghana begins in Africa.
700 - Waterwheels are in use throughout Europe.
706 - The city of Nara is founded as the first capital of Japan.
711 - The Moors (Arabs and Berbers) invade Spain.
712 - The Arabs establish a state in Sind in present-day Pakistan.
712 - The earliest Japanese history, the Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters), is written.
718 - Emperor Leo III defeats the Arab siege of Constantinople (Istanbul).
725 - The Arabs introduce the lute into Spain.
726 - Byzantine ruler Leo III forbids the worship of icons.
730 - Printing begins in China.
731 - The Venerable Bede writes a history of the English church.
732 - The Franks defeat the Moors at Tours and halt Arab expansion into Europe.
743 - Buddhism becomes a state cult in Japan.
744 - The Uighurs seize Mongolia.
748 - The first printed newspaper appears in China.
749 - The Abbasid caliphate deposes the Umayyads and rules the Islamic Empire.
750 - The Buddhist Pala dynasty is founded in Bengal (India) about this time.
750 - The Hindu temple complex at Bhubaneswar is begun about this time in India.
750 - The city of Granada is founded in Spain.
751 - An Arab paper mill is established in Samarkand using Chinese paper-makers.
751 - The Lombards capture Ravenna, the last Byzantine stronghold in northern Italy.
751 - The Merovingian dynasty ends; Pepin begins the Carolingian dynasty.
755 - The formation of the Papal States begins in Italy.
770 - Block printing develops in Japan; 1 million copies of a prayer paper are produced.
771 - Charlemagne becomes the sole king of the Franks.
774 - Charlemagne expels the Lombards from Italy.
780 - Lu Yu's The Classic of Tea, the first handbook on tea, is published in China.
782 - Charlemagne invites Alcuin of York to lead a cultural revival in Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen).
785 - The Arabs begin the construction of the Great Mosque at Cordoba in Spain.
786 - The golden age of Arab music begins under caliph Harun al-Rashid.
787 - Byzantine empress Irene convenes the Second Council of Nicaea to rule on iconoclasm.
787 - The city of Bremen is founded in Germany.
789 - Vikings begin their attacks on England.
790 - The city of Fez is founded in Morocco.
792 - Charlemagne begins building his Chapel at Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen).
794 - The Japanese capital moves from Nara to Kyoto.
799 - The Book of Kells is completed about this time.
800 - Irish monks reach Iceland.
800 - Mayan murals are completed at Bonampak in Mexico.
800 - Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne as the first European emperor since the Romans.
800 - The Kanem-Bornu Empire is founded about this time in western Africa.
800 - The Mayan center of Palenque begins to decline in Mexico.
800 - The Oseberg Viking longship is buried about this time
800 - The Srivijaya Empire is dominant in the Straits of Malacca.
800 - The temple of Borobudur is constructed in Java.
812 - The Chinese government issues paper bank drafts as money.
814 - Construction of the Doge's Palace begins in Venice.
814 - The Arabs adopt Indian numerals (1-9).
838 - The Arabs sack Marseille and settle in southern Italy.
840 - Viking settlers found the city of Dublin in Ireland.
843 - The Carolingian Empire is partitioned by the Treaty of Verdun.
844 - A Viking raid on Seville is repulsed.
845 - The Vikings sack Paris.
846 - The Arabs sack Rome and destroy the Venetian fleet.
849 - The city of Pagan is founded in Burma.
850 - Sian, capital of the T'ang Empire, has a population of over 1 million inhabitants.
850 - The Acropolis of Zimbabwe is built in Africa.
851 - An earthquake devastates Rome.
860 - Rus Vikings attack Constantinople (Istanbul).
860 - The Cyrillic alphabet is developed in eastern Europe about this time.
862 - Novgorod in Russia is founded by the Rus Viking, Ulrich.
866 - Danish Vikings establish a kingdom in York, England.
867 - Byzantine mosaics are created in the church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.
867 - Photius, the patriarch of Constantinople, initiates a schism with the church of Rome.
868 - The earliest known woodcut illustration is made in China.
870 - The Vikings found settlements on Iceland about this time.
871 - Alfred the Great becomes king of Wessex; the Danish advance is halted in England.
872 - Harold I gains control of Norway.
879 - Rurik establishes Kiev as the center of the Kievan Rus domains.
880 - Angkor is founded as the capital city of the Khmer Empire in Cambodia (Kampuchea).
880 - Byzantine emperor Basil I drives the Arabs from Italy.
884 - Charles III becomes king of France and reunites the Frankish Empire.
886 - Alfred divides England with the Danes under the Danelaw pact.
887 - Arnulf deposes Charles III to become the last Carolingian Frankish emperor.
895 - The Fujiwaras become rulers of Japan.
896 - The Magyars migrate to the Danube region.
900 - Cordoba in Spain becomes the center of Islamic science.
900 - The Second Pueblo period begins in North America.
900 - The Vikings raid along the Mediterranean coast.
900 - The windmill arrives in Muslim Spain from Persia.
906 - The last T'ang emperor is deposed; civil war begins in China.
909 - A Benedictine abbey is founded at Cluny in France.
910 - The mystical Islamic religion Sufism flourishes.
911 - The Viking chief Rollo is granted land by the Franks and founds Normandy in France.
915 - Fatimid armies invade Egypt.
918 - The state of Koryo is founded in Korea.
920 - The golden age of the Empire of Ghana begins in Africa.
922 - The Fatimid dynasty conquers Morocco.
936 - Otto I becomes king of Germany.
939 - The Annamese drive the Chinese out of Vietnam.
939 - The Kingdom of Leon captures Madrid from the Arabs.
941 - Rus Vikings attack Constantinople (Istanbul).
947 - The Liao dynasty is established in China with its capital at Peking.
950 - Al-Farabi, Arab philosopher and author of the Grand Book of Music, dies.
950 - Organs are installed in European abbeys and cathedrals.
950 - The Arabs import drums and trumpets into Europe.
950 - The Classical Mayan period ends about this time.
950 - The Ottonian art period begins.
950 - The building of the temple complex at Khajuraho begins in India.
950 - Tula is established as the capital of Toltec power in Mexico.
955 - Otto I defeats the Magyars at Lechfeld.
960 - The Piasts found the first Polish dynasty.
960 - The Sung dynasty begins in China.
962 - Pope John XII crowns Otto I as Holy Roman Emperor.
966 - Fujiwara domination of Japan is at its height.
966 - The Poles convert to Christianity
969 - The Fatimids conquer Egypt and found Cairo.
975 - The Arabs introduce arithmetical notation into Europe.
979 - The Sung dynasty reunites China.
980 - Arabs settle along the east coast of Africa.
980 - Danish raids on England are renewed.
981 - Viking leader Eric the Red discovers Greenland.
982 - Otto II is defeated by the Saracens in southern Italy.
985 - Venice and Genoa trade between Asia and western Europe.
986 - Viking ships sail in Newfoundland waters.
987 - The Carolingian dynasty ends; the Capetians rule France.
987 - The Toltecs capture Chichen Itza from the Mayas in Mexico.
988 - Vladimir I of Kiev introduces Eastern Christianity to Russia.
991 - AEthelred II pays the first Danegeld ransom to stop Danish attacks on England.
991 - Japanese poet Sei Shonagon begins her diary The Pillow Book.
995 - Olaf I conquers Norway and proclaims it a Christian kingdom.
996 - Cane sugar arrives in Venice from Egypt.
999 - Baguda becomes the first king of Kano in Nigeria.
1000 - Olaf I introduces Christianity into Norway, Greenland, and Iceland.
1000 - Leif Eriksson, son of Eric the Red, explores the coast of North America.
1000 - Olaf I dies; Norway is ruled by the Danes.
1000 - Sancho III rules all of Christian Spain.
1000 - Stephen I is crowned as the first king of Hungary.
1000 - The canonization of saints is formalized by the Christian church.
1000 - Venice has domain over the Dalmatian coast and the Adriatic Sea.
1000 - Zanzibar is settled about this time in Africa.
1001 - Mahmud of Ghazni begins a holy war to conquer India for Islam.
1002 - Brian Boru defeats the Norse and becomes the king of Ireland.
1004 - Henry II of Germany is crowned king of Lombardy.
1010 - Persian poet Firdawsi completes the Shah Namah (Book of Kings).
1010 - Viking explorer Thorfinn Karlsefni attempts to found a settlement in North America.
1013 - The Danes conquer England; AEthelred flees to Normandy.
1014 - Henry II is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
1015 - Vikings abandon the Vinland settlement on the coast of North America.
1016 - Olaf II regains Norway from the Danes.
1016 - The Danes under Canute rule England.
1017 - Fatimid caliph al-Hakim founds the Druze religion.
1018 - The Byzantine Empire annexes Bulgaria.
1020 - Female Japanese author Murasaki Shikibu completes The Tale of Genji.
1025 - Guido d'Arezzo invents the use of the staff in musical notation.
1025 - Poland is divided after the death of Boleslaw I.
1025 - The Cholas invade Bengal, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), and Java.
1027 - Conrad II becomes Holy Roman Emperor, founding the Franconian dynasty.
1028 - Canute, king of England and Denmark, conquers Norway.
1030 - The Cumans begin their conquest of southern Russia.
1031 - The caliphate of Cordoba collapses in Spain.
1035 - Aragon and Castile become separate kingdoms in Spain.
1037 - Avicenna, Muslim philosopher and physician, dies.
1039 - The camera obscure is described for the first time.
1040 - Macbeth kills Duncan I and becomes king of Scotland.
1042 - Edward the Confessor rules England with the support of the Danes.
1044 - The first Burmese state is established by Anawratha at Pagan.
1046 - The German king Henry III is crowned as Holy Roman Emperor.
1050 - Chinese books are printed with movable wooden type.
1050 - Edward the Confessor begins the construction of Westminster Abbey.
1050 - Polyphonic singing replaces Gregorian chants.
1050 - The city of Oslo is founded in Norway.
1050 - Timbuktu is founded in North Africa by the Tuaregs.
1051 - Isfahan becomes the capital of the Seljuk Empire.
1054 - A supernova or guest star (the Crab Nebula) is reported by the Chinese.
1054 - The Great Schism begins between the Orthodox church and the Roman church.
1055 - The Seljuk Turks occupy Baghdad.
1056 - The Almoravids conquer North Africa
1057 - Malcolm III kills Macbeth and becomes king of Scotland.
1062 - The city of Marrakech is founded in Morocco.
1063 - The building of Pisa Cathedral is begun.
1064 - The Hungarians seize Belgrade from the Byzantines.
1064 - The Seljuks under Alp-Arslan conquer Armenia.
1066 - William duke of Normandy defeats the Saxon king Harold at the Battle of Hastings.
1071 - The Seljuks under Alp-Arslan defeat the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert.
1072 - Alfonso VI becomes king of Leon and Castile.
1072 - The Normans under Robert Guiscard conquer much of Byzantine Italy.
1073 - Pope Gregory VII removes the power of investiture from the state.
1075 - Persian poet Omar Khayyam writes the Rubaiyat.
1076 - Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV tries to depose Pope Gregory VII.
1078 - The Building of the Tower of London begins in England.
1079 - The Building of Winchester Cathedral begins in England.
1080 - The Bayeux Tapestry depicts the Norman victory at the Battle of Hastings.
1080 - The city of Newcastle is founded in England.
1083 - Emperor Henry IV storms Rome and installs the antipope Clement III.
1085 - Alfonso VI captures Toledo from the Moors.
1086 - Over 5,000 waterwheels are in use in England according to the Domesday Book.
1086 - The Almoravids cross into Spain and defeat the Christian army of reconquest.
1086 - The Domesday Book records land use and tenure in England.
1091 - Byzantine emperor Alexius I defeats the Normans and the Pechnegs.
1091 - Ladislas I unites Hungary and Croatia.
1093 - Saint Mark's Basilica is completed in Venice.
1094 - Spanish leader El Cid takes Valencia from the Moors.
1094 - The Muslim Shiite sect of the Assassins is established.
1096 - The Almoravids rule Muslim Spain.
1096 - The First Christian Crusade begins against the Muslims.
1098 - St. Anselm writes Why God Became Man.
1098 - The first Cistercian monastery is founded by St. Robert.
1099 - The Crusaders capture Jerusalem and establish the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.
1100 - Kano becomes an important Hausa city-state in Nigeria about this time.
1100 - The Temne probably inhabit present-day Sierra Leone by this date.
1100 - The Third Pueblo period begins in southwest North America.
1100 - The epic poem Chanson de Roland celebrates the Age of Charlemagne.
1105 - Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV is captured and forced to abdicate by his son Henry V.
1108 - Louis VI succeeds his father Philip I as king of France.
1114 - Chichester Cathedral is founded in England.
1117 - The first reference of a compass used for navigation at sea is made in China.
1118 - The Knights Templar military and religious order is founded.
1119 - French theologian Peter Abelard becomes a monk after his love affair with Heloise.
1120 - Ibn Tumart declares himself the mahdi (messiah) and founds the Almohad dynasty.
1121 - Peter Abelard's teachings on the Trinity are condemned by the Council of Soissons.
1122 - The Concordat of Worms ends the investiture controversy over church and state powers.
1130 - Stained glass is used to decorate church windows for the first time.
1130 - The Almohad dynasty is established in Morocco.
1135 - Geoffrey of Monmouth begins his History of Britain.
1135 - The Almohads are dominant in northwestern Africa and Muslim Spain.
1137 - Louis VII becomes king of France.
1137 - The building of Saint-Denis Church in Paris marks the beginning of the Gothic art period.
1137 - Wena (Vienna) is chartered as a city.
1138 - The Hohenstaufen dynasty begins its domain over the Holy Roman Empire.
1139 - Roger II, the Norman ruler of Sicily, founds the Kingdom of Naples.
1143 - Portugal becomes and independent kingdom under Alfonso I.
1147 - The Almohads kill the last Almoravid ruler in Marrakech.
1147 - The Moors are expelled from Lisbon by the Christian Portuguese.
1147 - The first reference is made to the city of Moscow.
1150 - A medical school is established at Bologna University.
1150 - Europe's first paper mill is established at Jativa, Spain.
1150 - Oxford University is founded in England about this time.
1150 - The Chinese develop the first rockets.
1150 - The Yoruba city-states begin to flourish in Nigeria.
1150 - The destruction of Tula marks the end of the Toltec empire.
1150 - The temple of Angkor Wat is built in Cambodia (Kampuchea).
1152 - Louis VII, the king of France, annuls his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitane.
1154 - Henry of Anjou is crowned Henry II of England -- the first Plantagenet king.
1154 - Muslim ruler Nur al-Din captures Damascus from the Seljuk Turks.
1155 - Frederick I (Frederick Barbarossa) is crowned as Holy Roman Emperor.
1159 - Civil war between the Taira and Minamoto samurai ravages Japan.
1160 - French court poet Chretien de Troyes is active about this time.
1160 - The Almohads drive the Almoravid Muslims from Spain and North Africa.
1160 - The Rolls of Oleron (maritime laws) are proclaimed in France.
1163 - Notre Dame Cathedral is begun; flying buttresses are used for the first time.
1168 - The Jewish philosopher Maimonides completes the Mishnah Torah.
1170 - A military faction seizes control in Korea and suppresses Buddhism.
1170 - Archbishop Thomas Becket is murdered after a quarrel with King Henry II.
1170 - The University of Paris is founded.
1171 - King Henry II of England annexes Ireland.
1171 - Saladin defeats the Fatimids and conquers Egypt.
1174 - The building of the Leaning Tower of Pisa begins in Italy.
1174 - The first public horse race course is constructed in London.
1175 - The building of Strasbourg Cathedral begins in Germany.
1175 - The first version of the French fable Reynard the Fox is written.
1176 - The Lombard League of Italian cities defeats Emperor Frederick I at Legnano.
1176 - The building of Old London Bridge is begun.
1177 - The city of Belfast is founded in Ireland.
1180 - Japanese warrior Minamoto no Yoritomo begins the 5-year Gempei War.
1180 - Spanish-Arab philosopher Averroes writes The Incoherence of the Incoherence.
1180 - The Khmer Empire is at its greatest extent in Cambodia (Kampuchea).
1185 - Minamoto no Yoritomo establishes the Kamakura shogunate in Japan.
1186 - Bulgaria reestablishes its independence from the Byzantine Empire.
1187 - Saladin recaptures Jerusalem from the Crusaders.
1187 - The Toltecs are deposed at Chichen Itza in Mexico.
1188 - The Third Crusade begins.
1190 - Frederick I drowns enroute to the Crusades; Henry VI becomes Holy Roman Emperor (1191).
1190 - King Philip Augustus grants a charter to the perfumers of Paris.
1190 - The Mongol empire begins to expand in eastern Asia.
1190 - The order of the Teutonic Knights is founded during the Third Crusade.
1190 - Zen Buddhism is introduced into Japan.
1191 - King Richard I of England captures Cyprus.
1192 - King Richard I of England is captured by Duke Leopold of Austria.
1192 - Minamoto no Yoritomo rules as the shogun of Japan.
1194 - A Gothic cathedral is begun at Chartres, replacing an earlier structure.
1194 - King Richard I is released from imprisonment after a ransom is paid.
1194 - The Kingdom of Naples and Sicily become part of the Holy Roman Empire under Henry VI.
1197 - Henry VI is succeeded by Otto IV as Holy Roman Emperor.
1199 - Richard I is killed in battle in France; he is succeeded by John as king of England.
1200 - Cambridge University is founded in England.
1200 - The German epic Nibelungenlied is composed.
1200 - The Jewish kabbalistic philosophy develops.
1200 - The empire of Mali begins to flourish in west Africa.
1200 - Troubadour performances are at their height in Europe.
1202 - Italian mathematician Leonardo Pisano uses 0 (zero) for the first time in Europe.
1202 - The Fourth Crusade begins.
1204 - The Crusaders capture Constantinople (Istanbul) and found the Latin Empire.
1204 - The city of Amsterdam is founded in Holland.
1206 - Mongol tribal chief Temujin is proclaimed as Genghis Khan (universal ruler).
1206 - The Delhi Sultanate is established in India.
1207 - The city of Liverpool is settled in England.
1209 - Pope Innocent III instigates a crusade against the Albigenses in southern France.
1210 - St. Francis of Assisi founds the Franciscan order.
1210 - The Mongols begin to invade China.
1212 - Castile defeats the Muslim Almohads in Spain.
1212 - The Children's Crusade begins.
1214 - Philip II defeats Emperor Otto IV and King John of England at the Battle of Bouvines.
1215 - King John of England signs the Magna Carta.
1215 - The Mongols defeat the Chin empire and occupy Peking.
1217 - The Fifth Crusade begins with an attack on Egypt.
1217 - The Kingdom of Serbia is founded.
1219 - Denmark institutes a national flag, the oldest in Europe.
1219 - The city of Samarkand is conquered by Genghis Khan.
1220 - The building of Salisbury Cathedral is begun in England.
1222 - The University of Padua is founded in Italy.
1223 - The Khanate of the Golden Horde is established in Russia by the Mongols.
1225 - French poet Guillaume de Lorris writes the Romance of the Rose.
1227 - Genghis Khan dies; the Mongol empire is divided among his 4 sons.
1227 - The building of Toledo Cathedral is begun in Spain.
1229 - James I of Aragon captures Majorca from the Moors.
1230 - The Qutb Minar minaret is built near present-day New Delhi, India
1231 - Jalal al-Din al-Rumi founds the Sufi order known as Whirling Dervishes.
1231 - Pope Gregory IX institutes the papal Inquisition.
1234 - The printing of Buddhist texts using movable wooden type begins in Korea.
1240 - Russian prince Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Neva.
1240 - The Mongol Golden Horde conquers Kievan Russia.
1241 - The Mongols invade Hungary.
1242 - English monk Roger Bacon describes a formula for making gunpowder.
1244 - The city of Berlin is mentioned for the first time.
1245 - Pope Innocent IV sends the Franciscan friar Carpini to the Mongols as a missionary.
1248 - The Christian reconquest of Spain is almost complete; the Muslims still hold Granada.
1248 - The building of Cologne Cathedral is begun in Germany.
1249 - Alfonso III drives the Moors from Portugal.
1250 - Albertus Magnus describes a method for manufacturing arsenic.
1250 - Egyptian Mamelukes overthrow the Ayyubid dynasty.
1250 - Frederick II's death leads to an interregnum in Germany and a struggle for the crown.
1250 - Louis IX of France is captured by the Muslims during the Seventh Crusade.
1250 - Naval warfare in the Mediterranean is dominated by galleys.
1250 - Vincent of Beauvais publishes the Greater Mirror, a contemporary encyclopedia.
1250 - German cities begin to establish the Hanseatic League.
1252 - The city of Stockholm is founded in Sweden.
1256 - The Order of Augustinian Hermits is founded.
1257 - The Sorbonne theological college is founded at the University of Paris.
1258 - The Mongols sack Baghdad, ending the Abbasid caliphate.
1260 - Kublai Khan is proclaimed as the Mongol emperor.
1260 - Paris becomes the center of tapestry weaving.
1260 - The first flagellant movements appear in Italy.
1260 - Venetian merchants Nicolo and Maffeo Polo begin their journey to China.
1261 - Michael VIII regains Constantinople (Istanbul) and reestablishes the Byzantine Empire.
1263 - Norway gains control of Iceland.
1266 - Charles I of Anjou becomes king of Naples and Sicily.
1266 - Norway surrenders the Hebrides to Scotland.
1268 - The Angevins and Guelphs defeat the Ghibellines at Tagliacozzo in Italy.
1269 - The Mamelukes seize Mecca.
1271 - Venetian merchant Marco Polo begins his journey to the court of Kublai Khan in China.
1273 - Dominican theologian Thomas Aquinas completes his Summa Theologiae.
1273 - Rudolf I becomes king of Germany, establishing the Habsburg dynasty.
1274 - The Mongols invade Japan.
1277 - Ottone Visconti rules Milan and founds the Visconti dynasty.
1279 - Kublai Khan conquers China and establishes the Yuan dynasty.
1280 - Syrian scholar al-Hassan-al-Rammah describes "Chinese Arrows" (rockets).
1282 - Sicilians revolt against the French during the Sicilian Vespers.
1282 - Sicily splits from the Kingdom of Naples; Peter III of Aragon is elected to the throne.
1284 - The Genoese fleet defeats Pisa to become dominant in the Mediterranean.
1284 - The Pied Piper of Hamelin is alleged to have appeared about this time.
1285 - Sienese artist Duccio paints the Rucellai Madonna in Florence.
1287 - Pagan is conquered by the Mongols in Burma.
1290 - Edward I expels the Jews from England.
1290 - Florentine artist Cimabue paints the Crucifix.
1290 - Moses de Leon composes the Kabbalistic work Zohar.
1290 - Osman I founds the dynasty of the Ottoman Turks.
1291 - The Mamelukes capture Acre, ending the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.
1291 - The Swiss Confederation (Switzerland) is formed.
1293 - Italian poet Dante writes his first book, La vita nuova (The New Life).
1293 - The Majapahit Empire is founded in Java.
1294 - Philip IV of France institutes sumptuary laws against extravagant costumes.
1294 - The building of Florence Cathedral is begun in Italy.
1295 - Marco Polo brings a pasta recipe to Italy from Asia.
1297 - The Genoese defeat the Venetian fleet at Curzola.
1297 - William Wallace expels the English from Scotland.
1298 - English king Edward I defeats William Wallace and reconquers Scotland.
1298 - Marco Polo dictates the memoirs of his Travels from a prison in Genoa.
1300 - The Forbidden City is built in Peking about this time.
1300 - The city of Cholula regains prominence under the Mixtecs in Mexico.
1300 - The first mechanical clocks appear in Europe.
1300 - The spinning wheel is in use in Europe.
1300 - The use of eyeglasses becomes common.
1301 - Ottoman sultan Osman defeats Byzantine forces at Baphaion.
1302 - France's Estates-General meets for the first time.
1303 - Philip IV of France tries to abduct Pope Boniface VIII.
1303 - The University of Rome is founded.
1305 - Florentine painter Giotto begins his frescoes in the Arena Chapel in Padua.
1306 - Philip IV expels the Jews from France.
1306 - Robert the Bruce leads the Scots in a rebellion against English rule.
1306 - England expels 100,000 Jews.
1307 - Italian poet Dante begins his masterwork The Divine Comedy.
1308 - Charles I becomes the first Angevin king of Hungary.
1309 - Pope Clement V moves the papal court from Rome to Avignon in France.
1312 - Henry VII is crowned Holy Roman Emperor but dies one year later.
1312 - Mansa Musa becomes emperor of Mali in West Africa.
1314 - The Scots defeat the English at the Battle of Bannockburn.
1320 - King Wladyslaw I begins the process of reuniting Poland.
1322 - English folk hero Robin Hood is first mentioned.
1323 - Thomas Aquinas is canonized by Pope John XXII.
1325 - Arab geographer Ibn Battuta begins his explorations.
1327 - Edward II of England is deposed by Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer.
1327 - Louis IV king of Germany invades Italy.
1327 - The city of Munich is destroyed by fire.
1328 - Louis IV of Bavaria crowns himself as Holy Roman Emperor and installs an antipope.
1331 - The Moscow Kremlin (fortress) is mentioned for the first time.
1334 - The Kamakura shogunate comes to an end; civil war breaks out in Japan.
1337 - The Hundred Years' War begins between England and France.
1338 - The Ashikaga shogunate begins in Japan.
1340 - In the Hundred Years' War, a British fleet defeats the French at Sluys.
1341 - The Muslims rule Kashmir in India.
1342 - Italian poet Petrarch writes his Canzoniere love lyrics.
1325 - The Aztecs found Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City).
1345 - The building of the present Doge's Palace begins in Venice.
1346 - In the Hundred Years' War, English archers defeat the French at Crecy.
1346 - Louis IV is deposed by Charles IV as king of Germany.
1346 - Stephen Dusan crowns himself emperor of the Serbs and  Greeks.
1347 - The Black Death (bubonic plague) arrives in Europe, killing a third of the population by 1351.
1347 - In the Hundred Years' War, the English capture the French port of Calais.
1348 - Italian writer Boccaccio begins the Decameron.
1348 - Prague University is founded.
1350 - No drama develops in Japan about this time.
1351 - Zurich joins the Swiss Confederation.
1352 - Arab geographer Ibn Battuta explores Nigeria.
1353 - Bern joins the Swiss confederation.
1354 - The Shroud of Turin is mentioned for the first time.
1355 - Charles IV is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
1356 - Charles IV establishes the Golden Bull constitution for the Holy Roman Empire.
1356 - In the Hundred Years' War, Edward the Black Prince of England defeats the French at Poitiers and captures King John II.
1358 - The German city of Lubeck becomes headquarters of the Hanseatic League.
1360 - The Treaty of Bretigny ends the first phase of the Hundred Years' War.
1362 - English poet William Langland writes Piers Plowman.
1364 - Polish king Casimir III founds Krakow University.
1368 - The Ming dynasty begins in China.
1369 - The French renew the Hundred Years' War against England and recapture most of Aquitaine.
1370 - Mongol leader Timur (Tamerlane) begins his wars of conquest in Asia.
1370 - The building of the Bastille fortress begins in Paris.
1370 - The death of Casimir III ends the Piast dynasty in Poland.
1370 - The first modern perfume, Hungary Water, is made for Queen Elizabeth of Hungary.
1377 - Playing cards are described for the first time.
1377 - Pope Gregory XI returns the papacy to Rome.
1378 - The Great Schism begins; 2 popes reign from Rome and Avignon.
1379 - Italian historian Muraroti describes the use of rockets during the siege of Chiozzia, Italy.
1380 - Russian Prince Dimitry Donskoi defeats the Mongols at Kulikovo.
1380 - Venice defeats Genoa and maintains sovereignty over the eastern Mediterranean.
1381 - The Peasants' Revolt begins in England.
1382 - John Wycliffe translates the Bible into English.
1384 - The Lollard church-reform movement grows after the death of John Wycliffe.
1386 - English poet Geoffrey Chaucer begins The Canterbury Tales.
1386 - Heidelberg University is founded in Germany.
1386 - Poland and Lithuania are united by marriage; the Jagello dynasty is founded.
1387 - The Viscontis win the city-states of Verona and Vicenza from the Scala family.
1387 - Mongol leader Timur (Tamerlane) conquers the city of Isfahan in Persia (Iran).
1389 - The Ottoman Turks defeat the Serbs at the Battle of Kosovo.
1389 - The Majapahit Empire in Java reaches the height of its power under Hayam Wuruk.
1392 - The Yi dynasty overthrows the Koryos in Korea.
1394 - The Thais invade Cambodia (Kampuchea).
1396 - A Christian army is defeated by the Ottoman Turks at Nicopolis, Bulgaria.
1397 - The Kalmar Union unites Sweden, Denmark, and Norway.
1398 - Mongol leader Timur (Tamerlane) invades India and sacks the Kingdom of Delhi.
1399 - Bolingbroke (Henry IV) deposes Richard II and founds England's House of Lancaster.
1400 - Bedlam, England's first hospital for the mentally ill, is founded in London.
1400 - French historian Jean Froissart completes his Chronicles.
1400 - Norse settlers die out in Greenland.
1400 - Owen Glendower leads a Welsh revolt against English rule.
1400 - The Hohokam culture dies out in the American southwest.
1400 - The first reported discovery is made of a frozen mammoth in Siberia.
1402 - The building of Seville Cathedral begins in Spain.
1402 - Mongol leader Timur (Tamerlane) defeats the Ottomans at Ankara and captures Sultan Bayezid I.
1403 - Henry IV, King of England, defeats the Percy family at the Battle of Shrewsbury.
1403 - Italian sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti begins the bronze doors for the Florence Baptistery.
1405 - Mongol leader Timur (Tamerlane) dies and his empire begins to decline.
1406 - The city-state of Pisa is defeated by Florence.
1407 - The Chinese reoccupy Vietnam.
1407 - The murder of Louis duc d'Orleans begins a civil war in France.
1409 - Czech religious reformer John Huss (Jan Hus) lectures at Prague University.
1410 - The Limbourg brothers, Flemish manuscript illuminators, begin the Belles Heures du Duc de Berry.
1410 - The Poles and the Lithuanians defeat the Teutonic Knights at the Battle of Tannenberg.
1411 - Open conflict breaks out between the Armagnacs and Burgundians in France.
1415 - In the Hundred Years' War, Henry V invades France and defeats the French at Agincourt.
1415 - Czech religious reformer John Huss (Jan Hus) is burned at the stake for heresy.
1415 - The Council of Constance is convened to end the Schism caused by 2 competing popes.
1415 - The Portuguese capture Ceuta, laying the foundations for Portugal's African empire.
1418 - German author Thomas a Kempis writes The Imitation of Christ.
1418 - Prince Henry the Navigator dispatches the first Portuguese voyages of exploration.
1418 - The earliest known European woodcut illustration is made.
1419 - Henry V of England conquers most of Normandy.
1420 - Henry V of England is acknowledged as heir to the French throne.
1421 - The first known patent is issued in Florence.
1425 - Florentine sculptor Donatello begins his bronze statue of David around this time.
1427 - Masaccio completes the Expulsion of Adam and Eve fresco in the Brancacci Chapel.
1427 - The Portuguese discover the Azores.
1427 - The first major witch hunt takes place in Switzerland.
1428 - Copenhagen becomes the residence of the Danish monarchs.
1428 - Vietnam regains its independence from China.
1429 - In the Hundred Years' War, the French under Joan of Arc defeat the English at Orleans.
1431 - Joan of Arc is burned as a witch by the English at Rouen in France.
1431 - Luca della Robbia sculpts the Cantoria (Singing Gallery) for Florence Cathedral.
1431 - Tenochtitlan emerges as a dominant city-state in central Mexico under Aztec rule.
1431 - Thai forces destroy the Khmer capital of Angkor.
1433 - Sigismund, king of Germany, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
1434 - Cosimo de'Medici gains control of Florence.
1434 - Flemish artist Jan van Eyck paints the wedding portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini.
1434 - Phnom Penh is established as the new Khmer capital.
1434 - The Portuguese explore the African coast south of Cape Bojador.
1436 - The French end the English occupation of Paris.
1438 - The Inca empire is established in Peru.
1440 - Hungary and Poland are united under Wladyslaw III to oppose the Turks.
1440 - King Henry VI founds Eton College in England.
1440 - The Mayan city of Mayapan is destroyed in Mexico.
1442 - Florentine architect Filippo Brunelleschi begins work on the Pazzi Chapel.
1442 - The Kingdom of Naples comes under the rule of Aragon.
1443 - Flemish painter Rogier van der Weyden paints the Descent From the Cross.
1444 - Ottoman sultan Murad II defeats a European army  at the Battle of Varna.
1446 - The building of the Chapel at King's College is begun in Cambridge, England.
1448 - The Hungarians are defeated by the Turks at the second battle of Kosovo.
1450 - German goldsmith Johann Gutenberg perfects printing by movable metal type.
1450 - The Arabian Nights are written about this time.
1450 - The Portuguese begin the West African slave trade about this time.
1450 - The Sforza family conquers the city-state of Milan.
1450 - The Thurn and Taxis families establish a postal service for the Holy Roman Empire.
1452 - Florentine painter Fra Filippo Lippi begins his frescoes for the Prato Cathedral.
1452 - Frederick III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
1453 - Ottoman Turks capture Constantinople (Istanbul), marking the end of the Byzantine Empire.
1453 - The French capture Bordeaux from the English, ending the Hundred Years' War.
1454 - The building of the Topkapi Palace begins in Constantinople (Istanbul).
1455 - Florentine artist Paolo Uccello begins painting The Battle of San Romano.
1455 - The Gutenberg Bible becomes the first book to be printed with movable metal type.
1455 - The Wars of the Roses between the houses of York and Lancaster begin in England.
1456 - Hungarians under Janos Hunyadi defeat the Turks at Belgrade.
1456 - The Ottoman Turks capture Athens.
1456 - Vlad the Impaler becomes Prince of Walachia in Romania.
1457 - The first printed almanac is published.
1458 - Matthias Corvinus becomes king of Hungary.
1458 - The building of the Pitti Palace begins in Florence.
1459 - The Ottoman Turks conquer Serbia.
1460 - Italian artist Mantegna begins painting The Agony in the Garden.
1460 - Richard of York defeats the royalist forces at Northampton, but is killed at Wakefield.
1460 - Woodcuts are in use for illustrating books.
1461 - Richard of York's son Edward IV is crowned king of England.
1462 - Spain captures Gibraltar from the Muslims.
1464 - Sunni Ali founds the Songhai empire in western Africa.
1466 - West Prussia is ceded to Poland by the Treaty of Torun.
1467 - Charles the Bold becomes the Duke of Burgundy.
1467 - The 10-year Onin War begins in Japan.
1469 - Ferdinand of Aragon marries Isabella of Castile.
1469 - Henry VI and the Earl of Warwick depose Edward IV of England.
1469 - Sir Thomas Malory completes the Morte D'arthur.
1470 - The first ballad appears about the Swiss hero William Tell.
1471 - Henry VI of England is murdered; Edward IV is restored to the throne.
1471 - The Portuguese capture Tangier from the Muslims.
1473 - The building of the Sistine Chapel begins in Rome.
1475 - Burgundy is at the height of power under Charles the Bold.
1475 - Stephen the Great of Moldavia defeats the Turks at the Battle of Vaslui.
1475 - The English under Edward IV invade France.
1475 - The Turks conquer the Crimea.
1476 - Copperplate (intaglio) engravings are developed.
1477 - Louis XI establishes a royal postal service in France.
1477 - William Caxton prints the first book in England.
1478 - Lorenzo de'Medici rules Florence.
1479 - Ferdinand II becomes king of Aragon, which unites with his wife's kingdom of Castile.
1480 - Brussels becomes the center of the European tapestry industry about this time.
1480 - Flemish artist Hans Memling is active about this time.
1480 - Ivan III defeats the Tartars and begins the unification of Russia.
1480 - Ludovico Sforza becomes the Duke of Milan.
1480 - The Spanish Inquisition is established to interrogate heretics and converted Jews.
1481 - Edward IV establishes a postal service in England.
1481 - Mehmed II dies; Bayezid II becomes Sultan of the Ottoman Turks.
1482 - The Portuguese explore the Congo River and encounter the Kingdom of Kongo.
1482 - The Portuguese settle on the African Gold Coast (Ghana).
1483 - Artist Giovanni Bellini is appointed as painter to the Venetian Republic.
1483 - Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci sketches an early helicopter design.
1483 - Italian reformer Girolamo Savonarola is executed for heresy.
1483 - Richard III usurps the throne of England; Edward V is murdered.
1483 - Torquemada becomes the grand inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition.
1485 - Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, ending the Wars of the Roses.
1485 - Portuguese explorers in Africa discover the Kingdom of Benin.
1485 - Sandro Botticelli paints The Birth of Venus in Florence.
1486 - Henry VII of England unites the warring houses of York and Lancaster.
1486 - The Aztecs found the city of Oaxaca in Mexico.
1486 - The first major book on witchcraft, Hammer of Sorceresses, is published in Germany.
1487 - Quito becomes the northern capital of the Inca empire.
1488 - Bartolomeu Dias becomes the first European to round the Cape of Good Hope.
1489 - Venice gains control of the island of Cyprus.
1490 - Ballet originates in Italy about this time.
1490 - Italian printer Aldus Manutius establishes the Aldine Press in Venice.
1490 - Papal singer and composer Josquin des Prez is active during this period.
1492 - Christopher Columbus sails from Spain to the New World and sights the Bahamas.
1492 - Ferdinand II conquers Granada, ending the Muslim influence in Spain.
1492 - German geographer Martin Benhaim makes the first terrestrial globe.
1492 - Spanish Jews are given 3 months to become Christians or to leave the country.
1493 - Maximilian I succeeds Frederick III as Holy Roman Emperor.
1493 - On his second voyage, Christopher Columbus discovers Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Cuba.
1494 - Charles VIII of France invades Italy, beginning the Italian Wars.
1494 - German satirist Sebastian Brant writes the Ship of Fools.
1494 - The Treaty of Tordesillas establishes a boundary between New World discoveries of Spain and Portugal.
1495 - French king Charles VIII is crowned at Naples.
1495 - Leonardo da Vinci begins painting The Last Supper in Milan.
1495 - Printed editions of the Greek classics becomes available in Europe.
14957- The Jews are expelled from Portugal.
1496 - The first description of the tobacco plant appears in Europe.
1497 - Italian explorer John Cabot discovers Newfoundland for England.
1498 - Columbus lands on the coast of South America during his third voyage.
1498 - Louis XII succeeds Charles VIII as king of France.
1498 - Michelangelo begins sculpting the Pieta for St. Peter's Church in Rome.
1498 - Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama sails around the Cape of Good Hope and reaches India.
1498 - The toothbrush is invented by a Chinese dentist.
1499 - French forces under Louis XII capture Milan.
1499 - Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the English throne, is executed by Henry VII.
1499 - Venetian artist Giorgione paints Portrait of a Young Man.
1500 - Dutch artist Hieronymus Bosch paints The Garden of Earthly Delights.
1500 - Portuguese navigator Pedro Cabral lays claim to Brazil for Portugal.
1501 - France and Spain divide the Kingdom of Naples.
1501 - Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci explores the coast of Brazil.
1502 - A Portuguese trading post is established at Cochin in India.
1502 - A peace treaty is established between Venice and the Ottoman Turks.
1502 - Columbus, on his fourth voyage of discovery, explores the Central American coast.
1502 - Shah Ismail founds the Safavid dynasty; Shiism becomes the religion of Persia (Iran).
1502 - Montezuma II becomes chief of the Aztecs.
1503 - Arquebuses (handguns) help the Spanish defeat the French in Italy.
1503 - Juan Bermudez lands on the island of Bermuda, which is named for him.
1503 - Leonardo da Vinci begins painting the Mona Lisa.
1503 - Spanish general Fernandez de Cordoba forces the French to abandon Naples.
1503 - The Spanish crown approves encomienda (enforced slavery) in the American colonies.
1504 - Babur occupies Kabul and establishes a kingdom in Afghanistan.
1504 - Italian artist Raphael paints The Marriage of the Virgin.
1505 - Christian king Alfonso I (Nzinga Mbemba) rules the Kingdom of Kongo.
1505 - The Portuguese colonize Mozambique and arrive at Ceylon (Sri Lanka).
1506 - Christopher Columbus dies in poverty.
1506 - Italian architect Donato Bramante begins the plans for St. Peters in Rome.
1507 - Cartographer Martin Waldseemuller uses the word America on a map for the first time.
1508 - Michelangelo begins painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.
1508 - France, Spain,  the Holy Roman Empire, and the papacy  form the League of Cambrai to oppose Venice.
1509 - Dutch scholar Erasmus writes The Praise of Folly.
1509 - Henry VIII succeeds his father Henry VII as king of England.
1509 - The first sugar cane mill is established in the Americas.
1509 - Venice is defeated by the League of Cambrai at Agnadello.
1510 - Spain conquers Tripoli in North Africa.
1510 - The English morality play Everyman is adapted from an earlier Dutch work.
1510 - The Polygraphia, the first printed work on cryptology, is published in Germany.
1510 - The Portuguese colony of Goa is founded on the coast of India.
1511 - German artist Matthias Grunewald begins painting the Isenheim Altarpiece.
1511 - Pope Julius II organizes a Holy League against Louis XII of France.
1511 - The Portuguese become the first Europeans to reach Siam (Thailand).
1511 - The Portuguese capture Malacca (now Melaka) in Malaysia.
1511 - The Spanish take control of Cuba.
1512 - Albrecht Durer is appointed court painter to Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I.
1512 - Selim I becomes Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
1512 - The Habsburgs reinstate the Medicis as the rulers of Florence.
1513 - Italian political theorist Niccolo Machiavelli writes The Prince.
1513 - Louis XII is defeated by the Holy League; French forces are expelled from Italy.
1513 - Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon lands on the coast of Florida.
1513 - Vasco Nunez de Balboa becomes the first European to sight the Pacific Ocean.
1514 - Bartolome de Las Casas tries to improve the treatment of South American Indians.
1514 - Italian artist Raphael becomes the chief architect of St. Peter's in Rome.
1514 - Spanish conquistadors under Diego Velazquez de Cuellar conquer Cuba.
1514 - The Turks defeat the Persians at the Battle of Chaldiran.
1515 - Italian artist Michelangelo sculpts his monumental statue of Moses.
1515 - The French defeat the Habsburgs and their allies at the Battle of Marignano.
1515 - Thomas Wolsey is appointed Lord Chancellor of England.
1515 - Havana, Cuba, is founded by Spanish conquistadors.
1516 - Charles I succeeds Ferdinand II as king of Spain.
1516 - English intellectual and statesman Sir Thomas More writes Utopia.
1516 - Milan is ceded to France by the Treaty of Noyon.
1516 - The Ottoman Turks capture Algiers in North Africa.
1517 - Andrea del Sarto paints the Madonna of the Harpies.
1517 - The Turks defeat the Mamelukes for possession of Syria and Egypt.
1517 - Theologian Martin Luther displays his 95 theses at Wittenberg in Germany.
1518 - Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado explores Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula.
1519 - Charles I of Spain succeeds Maximilian I as Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
1519 - Chocolate is introduced into Spain as a beverage.
1519 - Panama City is founded by the Spanish in Central America.
1519 - Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes meets the Aztec leader Montezuma in Mexico.
1519 - Ulrich Zwingli leads the Reformation in Switzerland.
1520 - Corn (Zea mays) is imported into Spain from the West Indies.
1520 - Francis I meets Henry VIII at the Field of the Cloth of Gold in Calais, France.
1520 - King Christian II of Denmark conquers Sweden.
1520 - Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan discovers the Strait of Magellan.
1520 - Suleiman I (the Magnificent) succeeds Selim I as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
1521 - Martin Luther is excommunicated as a heretic at the Diet of Worms.
1521 - Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan is killed by natives in the Philippines.
1521 - Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes conquers the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan.
1522 - Jean Clouet becomes the court painter to Francis I of France.
1522 - Magellan's crew aboard the Victoria complete the first global circumnavigation.
1523 - The Kalmar Union between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway  ends.
1523 - Gustav I drives out the Danes to become King of Sweden.
1523 - Spanish settlements are established in Venezuela.
1523 - Venetian artist Titian paints Bacchus and Ariadne.
1524 - Giovanni da Verrazano discovers New York Bay and the Hudson River.
1524 - The Peasants' War breaks out in central Europe.
1525 - Holy Roman Emperor Charles V defeats and captures Francis I at the Battle of Pavia.
1526 - Babur founds the Mogul dynasty in India, ending the Delhi Sultanate.
1526 - Correggio paints the Assumption of the Virgin in Parma Cathedral.
1526 - The Turks defeat the Hungarians at the Battle of Mohacs; King Louis II is killed.
1526 - The domains of Hungary and Bohemia are inherited by the Habsburgs.
1527 - German physician Paracelsus lectures on medicine at Basel in Switzerland.
1527 - Rome is sacked by the Spanish and Habsburg armies.
1528 - The building of the Chateau de Fontainebleau is begun in France.
1529 - Henry VIII dismisses Cardinal Wolsey for failing to secure his divorce.
1529 - The Ottoman Turks besiege Vienna.
1530 - Humayun succeeds Babur as Mogul emperor.
1530 - The Hospitalers (Knights of St. John) are granted Malta by Charles V.
1530 - The Lutheran confession of faith is issued at the Diet of Augsburg.
1531 - Religious war begins in Switzerland; Protestant leader Zwingli is killed in battle.
1531 - The League of Schmalkald is formed as an alliance of Protestant German rulers.
1532 - French scholar Francois Rabelais begins the publication of Gargantua and Pantagruel.
1532 - Thomas Cromwell becomes chief minister to Henry VIII of England.
1533 - Catherine de Medicis introduces the Italian balleto into France as the ballet.
1533 - Catherine de Medicis marries Henry II, the future king of France.
1533 - Francisco Pizarro conquers the Incas in Peru; the Inca leader Atahulpa is executed.
1533 - German artist Hans Holbein the Younger paints The Ambassadors.
1533 - Henry VIII divorces Catherine of Aragon and marries Anne Boleyn.
1533 - The Church of England breaks with Rome.
1534 - Anabaptists seize the city of Munster in Germany.
1534 - Martin Luther completes his translation of the Bible into German.
1535 - English humanist and statesman Thomas More is executed by order of Henry VIII.
1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier navigates the St. Lawrence River in Canada.
1535 - Spanish conquistador Diego de Almagro discovers Chile.
1535 - Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro founds the city of Lima in Peru.
1535 - Suleiman I completes the conquest of the last Arab domains in Mesopotamia.
1535 - The Spanish discover the Galapagos Islands.
1536 - Christian III establishes the state Lutheran church of Denmark and Norway.
1536 - Dissolution of the monasteries and nunneries begins in England.
1536 - English reformer William Tyndale is burned at the stake for heresy.
1536 - French theologian John Calvin publishes his Institutes of the Christian Religion.
1536 - Henry VIII executes Anne Boleyn and marries Jane Seymour.
1536 - Spanish conquistador Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires in Argentina.
1537 - The city of Bangalore in India is founded
1537 - Niccolo Tartaglia publishes his work on ballistics The New Science.
1538 - The Spanish found the city of Bogota in Columbia.
1539 - Afghan ruler Sher Shah defeats the Mogul emperor Humayun.
1540 - Coronado explores the American southwest in search of the fabled cities of Cibola.
1540 - Henry VIII executes his principal minister Thomas Cromwell.
1540 - Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves; he is divorced and marries Catherine Howard.
1540 - Hernando de Soto defeats the Choctaw Indians under Chief Tuscaloosa.
1540 - The Grand Canyon is discovered by Garcia Lopez de Cardenas.
1540 - The Order of Jesuits is inaugurated under Ignatius Loyola.
1540 - The Spanish introduce horses into North America.
1541 - Geneva becomes the center of Calvinism.
1541 - Spanish conquistador Pedro de Valdivia founds the city of Santiago in Chile.
1541 - Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto discovers the Mississippi River.
1542 - Catherine Howard is executed by Henry VIII.
1542 - Spanish explorer Francisco de Orellana discovers the Amazon River.
1542 - The infant Mary Stuart succeeds James V as queen of Scotland.
1542 - Spanish explorer Juan Rodriguez explores the coast of California.
1543 - Anatomist Andreas Vesalius publishes On the Structure of the Human Body.
1543 - Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr, his sixth wife.
1543 - Nicolaus Copernicus' On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres is published.
1543 - Portuguese explorers land in Japan.
1543 - The first botanical garden is founded in Pisa.
1543 - The first single-cast cannon is made in England.
1543 - The administrative incorporation of Wales in to England is completed.
1543 - Spanish explorer Bartolome Ferrelo explores the northern California and Oregon coasts.
1544 - French surgeon Ambroise Pare publishes his book on surgical treatments.
1545 - Henry VIII's warship the Mary Rose sinks near Portsmouth in England.
1545 - Mathematician Gerolamo Cardano publishes his treatise The Great Art.
1545 - Pope Paul III opens the Council of Trent to reform the Catholic church.
1545 - Silver mines are discovered in Bolivia; the city of Potosi is founded.
1546 - Francis I commissions Pierre Lescot to begin the design of the Louvre art museum.
1546 - German physician Georgius Agricola publishes On the Nature of Fossils.
1546 - Physician Girolamo Fracastoro describes the transmission of disease by living germs.
1546 - Turkish pirate leader Barbarossa dies.
1547 - Antonio Torquemada publishes the first book on the game of checkers.
1547 - Henry II succeeds Francis I as king of France.
1547 - Henry VIII dies and is succeeded by Edward VI as king of England.
1547 - Ivan IV (the Terrible) is crowned tsar of Russia.
1548 - Francis Xavier founds the Jesuit mission in Japan.
1548 - Sigismund II is crowned King of Poland.
1548 - The Spanish found the city of La Paz in Bolivia.
1548 - Venetian artist Tintoretto paints the Miracle of the Slave.
1549 - English theologian Thomas Cranmer promotes the Book of Common Prayer.
1550 - Commedia dell'arte performances evolve in Italy about this time.
1550 - King Gustav I founds the city of Helsinki in Finland.
1550 - Pedro de Valdivia founds the city of Concepcion in Chile.
1550 - The violin evolves about this time from the medieval fiddle.
1550 - Tobacco smoking is introduced into Spain and Portugal.
1550 - Vasari writes the Lives of Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects.
1550 - Virtually all of Italy comes under the rule of Habsburg emperor Charles V.
1550 - The Spanish introduce beef cattle into North America.
1551 - Italian architect Andrea Palladio completes the design of the Villa Rotonda.
1551 - The University of Mexico is founded.
1552 - Ivan IV conquers the Tatar khanate of Kazan.
1553 - Edward VI dies; Lady Jane Grey rules England but is deposed after 9 days.
1553 - Mary I (Bloody Mary) becomes queen of England.
1553 - The Araucanian Indian Lautaro kills Pedro de Valdivia during an uprising in Chile.
1553 - The English Muscovy Company begin the search for a Northeast Passage to the Indies.
1553 - Venetian artist Paolo Veronese paints the ceiling panels of the Doge's Palace.
1554 - Italian composer Palestrina dedicates his Masses to Pope Julius III.
1554 - Mary I, Queen of England, marries Philip, heir to the Spanish throne.
1554 - The Catholic restoration begins in England under Mary I.
1554 - The Turks conquer the Barbary States along the North African coast.
1554 - Tomatoes from South America are cultivated in Europe.
1555 - 300 English Protestants are burned at the stake.
1555 - French astrologer Nostradamus publishes the Centuries, a book of predictions.
1555 - The Peace of Augsburg gives German princes a right to chose Catholicism or Lutheranism.
1555 - The building of St. Basil's Cathedral is begun in Moscow.
1556 - Agricola's treatise on mining and metallurgy De re mettalica is published.
1556 - Akbar succeeds Humayun as Mogul emperor.
1556 - An earthquake in China is the worst in history with a death toll of 830,000.
1556 - Charles V abdicates; the Holy Roman Empire is divided between Philip II and Ferdinand I.
1556 - Protestant theologian Thomas Cranmer is executed by Mary I.
1556 - Turkish architect Sinan builds the Suleimaniye Mosque in Constantinople (Istanbul).
1557 - Philip II of Spain defeats the French at Saint Quentin.
1557 - The Portuguese establish a settlement at Macao in China.
1557 - The equals symbol (=) is first used.
1558 - Elizabeth I succeeds Mary I as queen of England.
1558 - Ferdinand I is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
1558 - Mary, Queen of Scots, marries the French dauphin Francis II.
1558 - The English lose Calais, their last French possession.
1558 - The Trinh and Nguyen divide the Kingdom of Vietnam.
1559 - Calvinist preacher John Knox returns to Scotland to lead the Protestant struggle.
1559 - Pope Paul IV issues the first index of forbidden books.
1559 - The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis ends the Italian Wars between France and Spain.
1560 - Puritanism begins in England about this time.
1560 - The building of the Uffizi Palace is begun in Florence.
1560 - Tulips are imported into Europe from Turkey about this time.
1561 - Mary, Queen of Scots, returns from France to Scotland.
1561 - Philip II makes Madrid the capital of Spain.
1561 - The building of the tomb of Humayun begins in Delhi.
1562 - French Huguenots attempt to colonize Florida.
1562 - Giuseppe Arcimboldo becomes court painter to Maximilian II.
1562 - Religious wars break out in France between Protestant Huguenots and Catholics.
1562 - The English slave trade between Africa and the West Indies begins.
1563 - Vientiane becomes the capital of the Lao kingdom (Laos).
1564 - Ivan IV begins a reign of terror in Russia.
1564 - Maximilian II succeeds Ferdinand I as Holy Roman Emperor.
1565 - Spain founds the first European settlement in the U.S. at Saint Augustine in Florida.
1564 - The Spanish found their first colony in the Philippines at Cebu.
1564 - The first horse-drawn coaches come to England from Holland.
1564 - The manufacture of lead (graphite) pencils begins in England.
1565 - Muslims destroy the Hindu capital of Vijayanagar in southern India.
1565 - The Spanish massacre French Huguenot settlers in Florida.
1566 - A revolt begins in the Netherlands against Spanish rule.
1567 - Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate in favor of her son James VI.
1567 - Spain's Duque de Alba is sent to the Netherlands to quell the Dutch Revolt.
1567 - The Portuguese oust Huguenot settlers and found the city of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.
1568 - Flemish painter Bruegel the Elder paints The Blind Leading the Blind.
1568 - Mary, Queen of Scots, is imprisoned in England for 19 years by Elizabeth I.
1568 - Nobunaga seizes Kyoto and begins the reunification of Japan.
1569 - Cartographer Gerardus Mercator uses the first cylindrical projection for a world map.
1569 - Jacques Besson develops the first screw-cutting lathe.
1569 - Mogul emperor Akbar establishes a new capital at Fatehpur Sikri in India.
1569 - The Union of Lublin unites the Polish states under Sigismund II.
1570 - Italian architect Andrea Palladio publishes The Four Books of Architecture.
1570 - The Kanem-Bornu empire flourishes in West Africa.
1571 - The Spanish found the city of Manila in the Philippines.
1571 - The Turks conquer the island of Cyprus.
1571 - The allied fleet of Spain, Venice, and the papacy destroys the Turks at Lepanto.
1571 - The Spanish begin the Inquisition in Mexico.
1572 - Bogota University is founded in Columbia.
1572 - Francisco de Toledo executes Tupac Amaru, ending Inca resistance in Peru.
1572 - Huguenots are massacred in France on St. Bartholomew's Day.
1572 - Sigismund II dies, ending the Jagello dynasty in Poland.
1572 - The Gujarat state is annexed by the Moguls in India.
1573 - An era of castle building begins in Japan during the Momoyama period.
1573 - The potato is brought to Europe from the Americas and cultivated in Spain.
1574 - Henry III is crowned king of France.
1574 - The Turks regain Tunis in North Africa from Spain.
1674 - The number of Spanish settlers in the New World exceeds 150,000.
1575 - Indian leader Hiawatha allegedly founds the Iroquois League.
1575 - Stephen Bathory is elected king of Poland.
1576 - Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe builds an observatory on the island of Ven.
1576 - Henry III outlaws Protestantism in France.
1576 - Martin Frobisher commands an expedition to search for a Northwest Passage.
1576 - Rudolf II is crowned Holy Roman Emperor; the imperial court moves to Prague.
1576 - The Dutch provinces unite to drive out the Spanish.
1576 - The first playhouse, the Theater, is erected by actor James Burbage in London.
1577 - English explorer Francis Drake begins his voyage of circumnavigation.
1577 - Ram Das founds the city of Amritsar, a Sikh religious center.
1578 - King Sebastian of Portugal is killed by Muslims in Morocco.
1578 - The Christian catacombs are rediscovered in Rome.
1579 - English explorer Francis Drake discovers San Francisco Bay.
1580 - French writer Michel de Montaigne publishes his Essays.
1580 - Philip II of Spain invades Portugal.
1580 - Witches are persecuted throughout western Europe.
1580 - English explorer Francis Drake completes his round-the-world voyage.
1581 - The Dutch Republic is founded after the Union of Utrecht.
1581 - The Russian conquest of Siberia begins with the expedition of Yermak Timofeyevich.
1582 - Geographer Richard Hakluyt publishes an account of the discovery of America.
1582 - The Gregorian calendar is introduced into Catholic countries by Pope Gregory XIII.
1583 - Edinburgh University is founded in Scotland.
1583 - Japanese leader Hideyoshi builds Osaka castle.
1583 - Sir Humphrey Gilbert claims Newfoundland for England.
1584 - Russian tsar Ivan IV (the Terrible) dies.
1584 - Walter Raleigh and Richard Grenville organize English colonizing ventures to North America.
1584 - William I, leader of the Dutch Revolt, is assassinated.
1585 - England is at war with Spain (until 1604).
1585 - John Davis discovers Davis Strait between Greenland and North America.
1585 - Roanoke Island in North Carolina is settled as the first English colony in the New World.
1586 - Mary, Queen of Scots, is found guilty of treason and executed (1587).
1586 - Pipe smoking is introduced into England.
1587 - Francis Drake attacks the Spanish fleet in Cadiz harbor.
1587 - Japanese leader Hideyoshi bans Christian missionaries.
1587 - At Roanoke, Virginia, Virginia Dare is the first English child born in America.
1588 - Christian IV succeeds Frederick II as king of Denmark.
1588 - The Catholic League expels Henry III from Paris.
1588 - The Spanish Armada is defeated by the English navy.
1589 - Galileo Galilei is made professor of mathematics at Pisa.
1589 - Henry III is assassinated; he is succeeded by Henry IV as king of France.
1590 - Christopher Marlowe's drama Tamburlaine the Great is published in London.
1590 - English poet Edmund Spenser begins The Faerie Queene.
1590 - Hideyoshi completes the unification of Japan.
1590 - Viete, inventor of symbolic algebra, writes his Introduction to the Analytic Art.
1590 - William Shakespeare begins writing plays about this time.
1590 - The Roanoke colonists in North Carolina disappear.
1591 - The Songhai Empire is destroyed by the Moroccan army.
1592 - Elizabeth I founds Trinity College in Dublin.
1592 - Italian philosopher Giordano Bruno is imprisoned for heresy.
1592 - Playwright Christopher Marlowe writes Doctor Faustus.
1593 - Henry IV of France converts to Catholicism.
1594 - Henry IV of France captures Paris.
1594 - Jacopo Peri's Dafne, the first opera, is performed in Italy about this time.
1595 - Hugh O'Neill leads a rebellion against the English in Ireland.
1595 - The Spanish increase their efforts to convert Indians to Christianity in the Americas.
1596 - Warsaw is established as the capital of Poland.
1597 - Spanish artist El Greco paints The Agony in the Garden.
1598 - Shah Abbas I of Persia (Iran) defeats the Uzbeks at Herat.
1598 - Boris Godunov becomes tsar of Russia; the Time of Troubles begin.
1598 - English playwright Ben Jonson writes Every Man in His Humour.
1598 - Philip III succeeds Philip II as king of Spain.
1598 - The Edict of Nantes grants French Huguenots equal rights with Catholics.
1599 - The Globe theater is built in London.
1599 - The Spanish conquer New Mexico.
1600 - A charter is granted to the East India Company by Queen Elizabeth I.
1600 - Giordano Bruno is burned at the stake in Rome for heretical writing.
1600 - Hans and Zacharias Jannsen construct the first microscope about this time.
1600 - The Baroque period in art and architecture begins in Italy about this time.
1600 - Wigs become fashionable at European courts about this time.
1600 - William Gilbert publishes his treatise on magnetism.
1601 - Italian artist Caravaggio paints the Conversion of St. Paul.
1601 - Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci arrives in Peking.
1601 - Manchurian leader Nurhachi unites the Manchu tribes under the banner system.
1601 - The Earl of Essex is executed by Elizabeth I after his rebellion fails.
1601 - The Gobelins tapestry factory is established in Paris.
1602 - Abbas I leads Persia (Iran) in a holy war against the Ottoman Turks.
1602 - Bartholomew Gosnold explores the New England coast and names Cape Cod.
1602 - The Bodleian Library, the first public library in Europe, opens in Oxford, England
1602 - The Dutch East India Company is founded.
1603 - Ieyasu founds the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan.
1603 - Queen Elizabeth I dies; she is succeeded by James I (James VI of Scotland).
1603 - The first Kabuki performance is given in Japan.
1603 - William Shakespeare's play Hamlet is performed for the first time.
1604 - A false Dmitry lays claim to the Russian throne during the "Time of Troubles."
1604 - Charles IX is crowned king of Sweden.
1604 - England and Spain are at peace after 19 years of war.
1604 - Hieronymus Fabricius writes De formata foctu, a study of human embryology.
1604 - The French East India Company is founded.
1604 - The Spanish capture the Dutch city of Ostend after a 3-year siege.
1604 - The French establish a short-lived colony in southeastern Maine.
1605 - English philosopher Francis Bacon publishes The Advancement of Learning.
1605 - Jahangir succeeds Akbar as Mogul emperor of India.
1605 - Spanish writer Cervantes publishes part one of Don Quixote.
1605 - The English claim Barbados in the West Indies.
1605 - The Gunpowder Plot to blow up the English Parliament is discovered.
1605 - France's first permanent North American settlement is founded at Port Royal in Nova Scotia.
1606 - Ben Jonson's play Volpone is performed for the first time.
1606 - Russia's false Dmitry is driven from the throne by Basil IV.
1607 - Claudio Monteverdi's first opera Orfeo is performed.
1607 - John Smith founds the first English colony at Jamestown in Virginia.
1608 - Emperor Rudolf II cedes Hungary to his brother Matthias.
1608 - Italian scientist Galileo Galilei assembles an astronomical telescope.
1608 - Samuel de Champlain founds a French settlement in Quebec.
1608 - The first telescope is invented by Dutch optician Hans Lippershey.
1609 - A truce with Spain gives the United Provinces (the Netherlands) virtual independence.
1609 - Johannes Kepler publishes his first two laws of planetary motion in New Astronomy.
1609 - The English colonize Bermuda.
1609 - The Spanish found Santa Fe in New Mexico.
1609 - English navigator Henry Hudson sails up the Hudson River as far as present-day Albany.
1609 - French explorer Samuel Champlain explores Lake Champlain.
1610 - Ben Jonson's play The Alchemist is performed for the first time.
1610 - English navigator Henry Hudson becomes the first European to explore Hudson Bay.
1610 - Galileo Galilei publishes his first stellar observations in The Starry Messenger.
1610 - Henry IV of France is assassinated; he is succeeded by his son Louis XIII.
1610 - Maximilian of Bavaria forms the Catholic League to oppose the Protestant Union.
1610 - The Polish army of Sigismund III invades Russia and captures Moscow.
1611 - An edition of the Bible authorized by King James I is completed in England.
1611 - Christian IV of Denmark declares war on Sweden.
1611 - English and Scottish Protestants settle in Ireland under the Ulster Plantation.
1611 - Gustav II Adolf succeeds Charles IX as king of Sweden.
1612 - Matthias succeeds his brother Rudolf II as Holy Roman Emperor.
1613 - Gustav II Adolf ends the War of Kalmar with Denmark and attacks Russia.
1613 - Michael becomes tsar of Russia, founding the Romanov dynasty.
1613 - Virginia colonists destroy French settlements in Maine and Nova Scotia.
1614 - James I dissolves the Addled Parliament in England.
1614 - John Rolfe sends the first shipment of New World tobacco to England.
1614 - Pocahontas, a North American Indian princess, marries English settler John Rolfe.
1614 - Scottish mathematician John Napier publishes Marvelous Canon of Logarithms.
1614 - Sir Walter Raleigh writes his History of the World.
1614 - The Dutch establish a settlement at Fort Nassau near Albany.
1615 - Coffee is introduced into Italy from Turkey.
1615 - Manchu tribes in China expand to eight banners (military regions) under Nurhachi.
1615 - The Dutch seize the Spice Islands (the Moluccas) from the Portuguese.
1615 - The first English-language reference is made to tea.
1615 - Samuel Champlain discovers Lake Huron.
1616 - A smallpox epidemic decimates the Indian population in New England.
1616 - Cardinal Richelieu becomes Minister of State for Foreign Affairs in France.
1616 - Emperor Ieyasu of Japan dies; he is succeeded by his son Hidetada.
1616 - The Catholic church issues an edict against Copernicanism.
1616 - William Baffin searches for the Northwest Passage and discovers Baffin Bay.
1617 - The Treaty of Stolbovo ends the war between Russia and Sweden.
1617 - Tobacco is established as the major industry in North America.
1618 - Conflict between Europe's Catholic and Protestant states begins the Thirty Years' War.
1618 - James I orders the execution of Sir Walter Raleigh.
1619 - Dutch ships bring the first African slaves to the colony of Virginia.
1619 - Ferdinand II is elected Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia.
1619 - Inigo Jones designs the Banqueting House at Whitehall, London.
1619 - Louis XIII of France defeats the supporters of his mother Maria de Medicis.
1619 - Spanish artist Diego Velazquez paints The Water Seller of Seville.
1619 - The Bohemians depose Ferdinand and elect Frederick V (Elector Palatine) as king.
1619 - Virginia's House of Burgesses, the  first legislative assembly in the colonies, is established.
1619 - Johannes Kepler publishes his third law of planetary motion.
1620 - Catholic League forces under Graf von Tilly defeat the Bohemians under Frederick V.
1620 - Cornelis Drebbel demonstrates a submarine on the Thames River.
1620 - Ferdinand II is restored to the throne of Bohemia.
1620 - Gustav II Adolf of Sweden begins a war with Poland and captures Livonia.
1620 - The Pilgrim Fathers arrive aboard the Mayflower at Cape Cod and found the Plymouth Colony.
1621 - A Huguenot (Protestant) revolt begins against Louis XIII in France.
1621 - Philip IV becomes king of Spain and Portugal.
1621 - The Dutch West India Company is founded.
1621 - War is renewed between Spain and the United Provinces (the Netherlands).
1622 - Indians massacre 347 settlers in Virginia.
1623 - Abbas I, shah of Persia (Iran), captures Baghdad from the Turks.
1623 - Catholic League and Imperial forces overrun the Palatinate in Germany.
1623 - Diego Velazquez is made court painter to Philip IV of Spain.
1623 - Philosopher Francis Bacon publishes On the Dignity and Growth of Sciences.
1623 - The first English settlement is founded in New Hampshire.
1623 - The first English settlement is founded in Maine.
1624 - Dutch artist Frans Hals paints the Laughing Cavalier.
1624 - English poet John Donne publishes Devotions upon Emergent Occasions.
1624 - The Dutch build Fort Orange (now Albany),  their first American settlement.
1624 - Flemish chemist Johannes Baptista van Helmont names compressible fluid gas.
1624 - The Dutch establish the colony of New Netherland in the Hudson River valley.
1625 - Albrecht Wenzel von Wallenstein is made general of Ferdinand II's Imperial armies.
1625 - Charles I succeeds James I as king of England.
1625 - Flemish baroque artist Peter Paul Rubens paints The Judgement of Paris.
1625 - Peter Minuit founds the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam (now New York City).
1625 - The Spanish capture Breda from the Dutch.
1625 - The English establish their first colony on Barbados.
1626 - Graf von Tilly's Catholic army routs the Danes under Christian IV.
1626 - Imperial forces under Wallenstein defeat Graf von Mansfield at Dessau in eastern Germany.
1626 - The Dutch purchase Manhattan Island from the Indians for the equivalent of $24.
1627 - Shah Jahan succeeds Jahangir as Mogul emperor of India.
1627 - The Huguenots (Protestants) revolt against Cardinal Richelieu at La Rochelle.
1627 - The Manchus (Ch'ing) begin their conquest of Korea.
1628 - English physician William Harvey publishes On the Motions of the Heart and Blood.
1628 - French philosopher Rene Descartes begins Rules For the Direction of the Mind.
1628 - King Charles I is forced to accept Parliament's Petition of Right.
1628 - Puritans under John Endecott settle at Salem in Massachusetts.
1628 - The Huguenots surrender La Rochelle after a 14-month siege.
1629 - Charles I dissolves Parliament and rules England directly.
1630 - Bhutan becomes independent from Tibet about this time.
1630 - Gustav II Adolf invades Germany in support of the Protestant cause.
1630 - John Winthrop founds a Puritan settlement at Boston in Massachusetts.
1630 - The Ottoman Turks capture Hamadan in Persia (Iran).
1631 - Gustav II Adolf defeats Graf von Tilly's Imperial forces at Breitenfeld.
1631 - Marie de Medicis goes into exile after a plot to remove Cardinal Richelieu fails.
1631 - The building of the Taj Mahal begins at Agra in India.
1631 - The first newspaper, the Gazette de France, is published in Paris.
1632 - Antony Van Dyck settles in London and becomes court painter to King Charles I.
1632 - Bernal Diaz del Castillo's True Story of the Conquest of Mexico is published.
1632 - Charles I grants a charter for the English colony of Maryland.
1632 - Christina becomes queen of Sweden at age 6; Count Oxenstierna rules as regent.
1632 - Dutch artist Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn paints The Anatomy Lesson.
1632 - Gustavus II Adolf defeats Wallenstein at Lutzen but is killed during the battle.
1632 - Imperial general Graf von Tilly is mortally wounded at the Battle of Lech.
1633 - An English colony is established in Connecticut.
1633 - French artist Nicolas Poussin paints The Adoration of the Golden Calf.
1633 - Galileo Galilei is imprisoned for "vehement suspicion of heresy."
1634 - Ferdinand II declares General Wallenstein a traitor; Wallenstein is assassinated.
1634 - French fur trader Jean Nicolet explores Wisconsin.
1634 - Imperial forces under Ferdinand III defeat the Swedes at Nordlingen.
1634 - The colony of Maryland is founded when the English build St. Mary's City.
1635 - Cardinal Richelieu founds the Academie Francaise in Paris.
1635 - France forms an alliance with Sweden and enters the Thirty Years' War.
1635 - The Dutch occupy parts of Formosa (Taiwan).
1635 - The Peace of Prague is signed between Ferdinand II and Protestant German princes.
1635 - The Boston Latin School, the first public school in the Americas, is established.
1636 - Harvard University is founded in Boston.
1636 - Puritan Roger Williams establishes the town of Providence, Rhode Island.
1636 - The Dutch settle in Ceylon (Sri Lanka).
1636 - Dutch colonists on Manhattan Island found the town of Haarlem.
1637 - French dramatist Pierre Corneille writes le Cid.
1637 - Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II dies; he is succeeded by his son Ferdinand III.
1637 - Pequot Indians are decimated during the first Indian war in New England.
1637 - Religious radical Anne Hutchinson is tried for heresy in Massachusetts.
1637 - Rene Descartes publishes his concepts of analytic geometry Discourse on Method.
1637 - The first opera house Teatro San Cassiano opens in Venice.
1638 - John Davenport and Theophilus Eaton found New Haven, Connecticut.
1638 - Swedish and Protestant forces defeat the Imperial army at Breisach.
1638 - Swedish settlers found Fort Christina (now Wilmington) on the Delaware River.
1638 - The Turks under Murad IV conquer Baghdad.
1638 - William Pierce publishes the first American almanac.
1639 - Charles I concedes to Scottish demands after the First Bishops' War.
1639 - Persia (Iran) and the Ottoman Empire sign a peace treaty.
1639 - The first North American printing press is established in Cambridge, Mass.
1639 - Tokugawa begins a period of isolation in Japan; only Nagasaki is open to foreigners.
1640 - Coke is made from coal for the first time.
1640 - Russian explorers cross Siberia and arrive at the Pacific Ocean.
1640 - Scots invade England during the Second Bishops' War; Charles I sues for peace.
1640 - The Portuguese rebel against Spanish rule; John IV is crowned king.
1640 - The Bay Psalm Book is the first book printed in America.
1641 - Irish Catholics revolt against the Protestants in Ulster.
1641 - After seizing Melaka, the Dutch begin to dominate the East Indies.
1642 - Cardinal Richelieu dies; he is succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin as first minister of France.
1642 - Dutch artist Rembrandt paints the Night Watch.
1642 - Dutch navigator Abel Tasman discovers Tasmania and New Zealand.
1642 - Montreal is founded by the French nobleman Sieur de Maisonneuve.
1642 - The English Civil War begins between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists.
1642 - The Swedes under Torstenson defeat the Imperial forces at Breitenfeld.
1643 - Christian IV of Denmark renews the war against Sweden.
1643 - Italian physicist Torricelli demonstrates the principles of the barometer.
1643 - Louis XIV ascends to the French throne at age 5; Anne of Austria rules as regent.
1643 - Roger Williams publishes A Key into the Language of America.
1643 - The New England Confederation is formed against the Indians, Dutch, and French.
1643 - The building of the Potala palace, residence of the Dalai Lama, is begun in Lhasa, Tibet.
1643 - The first French settlement is founded on Madagascar.
1643 - The Swedes establish the first European settlement in Pennsylvania at Tinicum Island.
1644 - French landscape artist Claude Lorrain paints the Embarkation of Saint Ursula.
1644 - French philosopher Descartes proclaims Cogito, ergo sum (I think, therefore I am).
1644 - Italian artist Giovanni Bernini sculpts the Ecstasy of St. Teresa.
1644 - Oliver Cromwell's Model Army defeats a Royalist army at Marston Moor.
1644 - Queen Christina begins her reign in Sweden.
1644 - The Manchus seize Peking and establish the Ch'ing dynasty.
1645 - Alexis succeeds Michael as the Romanov tsar of Russia.
1645 - Four years of warfare between the Dutch and Hudson River valley Indians comes to an end.
1645 - French philosopher and scientist Blaise Pascal invents the first adding machine.
1645 - Oliver Cromwell defeats Charles I at the Battle of Naseby.
1645 - The Swedes defeat Denmark and later defeat the Imperial forces at Jankau.
1646 - Spanish artist Bartolome Esteban Murillo paints Holy Family With a Bird.
1646 - The English Civil War ends when Charles I surrenders to the Parliamentarians.
1646 - The Swedes capture Prague and invade Bavaria with their French allies.
1647 - Charles I escapes from England and concludes a treaty with the Scots.
1647 - Peter Stuyvesant becomes governor of the Dutch colony of  New Netherland.
1648 - Frederick III succeeds Christian IV as king of Denmark.
1648 - George Fox founds the Society of Friends (Quakers) about this time.
1648 - Margaret Jones becomes the first person executed as a witch in North America.
1648 - Boston shoemakers form the first American labor organization.
1648 - Naples is restored to Spanish rule after a brief uprising.
1648 - Russian explorer Semyon Dezhnev discovers the Bering Strait.
1648 - The Dutch and Swiss republics achieve independence.
1648 - The English settle in the Bahamas.
1648 - The Fronde revolt begins in France against Anne of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin.
1648 - The Scots renew the Civil War but are defeated at Preston; Charles I is captured.
1648 - The Treaty of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War.
1649 - Charles I is executed; the English Commonwealth (republic) begins.
1649 - Oliver Cromwell suppresses a Catholic rebellion in Ireland.
1650 - Charles II lands in Scotland to renew the English Civil War.
1650 - Oratorios become a popular form of musical performance in Italy.
1650 - The Holy Roman Empire and Sweden sign the Treaty of Nuremberg.
1650 - The Ukiyo-e school of art begins to flourish in Japan about this time.
1650 - The first coffeehouses are opened in London about this time.
1650 - Whaling becomes an important industry in New England about this time.
1651 - Charles II is crowned by the Scots; defeated at Worcester, he escapes to France.
1651 - Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan, a defense of absolute monarchy.
1652 - Cape Town is founded by the Dutch in South Africa.
1652 - The English Navigation Acts (1651) lead to the first Anglo-Dutch War.
1652 - The colony of Rhode Island enacts the first law in the Americas making slavery illegal.
1653 - English writer Izaak Walton publishes The Compleat Angler.
1653 - French composer Jean Baptiste Lully writes the first minuet.
1653 - Louis XIV becomes known as the Sun King after his role in the Ballet de la Nuit.
1653 - Oliver Cromwell becomes the lord protector of England.
1653 - Virginia colonists begin to settle North Carolina.
1653 - Dutch colonists build a wall across lower Manhattan, from which Wall Street will get its name.
1654 - Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat collaborate on theories of probability.
1654 - French philosopher Blaise Pascal joins the Jansenist sect at Port-Royal.
1654 - Poland and Russia are at war over possession of the Ukraine.
1654 - Queen Christina of Sweden abdicates and becomes a Roman Catholic.
1654 - The Portuguese drive the Dutch from Brazil.
1654 - The Treaty of Westminster ends the first Anglo-Dutch War.
1654 - The first Jewish settlers in America arrive in New Amsterdam from Brazil.
1655 - Dutch colonists under Peter Stuyvesant seize Swedish settlements in Delaware.
1655 - The English capture Jamaica from Spain.
1655 - The Little Northern War begins with Sweden invading Poland and capturing Warsaw.
1656 - Diego Velazquez paints The Maids of Honor at the court of Spain.
1656 - Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza is expelled from the synagogue at Amsterdam.
1656 - Dutch philosopher Christiaan Huygens patents the first pendulum clock.
1656 - England joins France in the war against Spain.
1656 - Italian artist and architect Giovanni Bernini designs the Piazza of St. Peter's, Rome.
1656 - Swedish forces under Charles X Gustavus invade Poland.
1656 - The Holy Roman Empire, Russia, and Denmark declare war on Sweden.
1657 - Otto von Guericke demonstrates that it is possible for a vacuum to exist.
1657 - The Swedes are driven out of Poland.
1657 - The Swedes attack Denmark and besiege Copenhagen.
1658 - Aurangzeb deposes his father Shah Jahan as Mogul emperor of India.
1658 - Dutch genre artist Jan Vermeer paints The Milkmaid.
1658 - Dutch naturalist Jan Swammerdam describes red blood cells.
1658 - French colonists found the city of Saint-Louis on the Senegal River in Africa.
1658 - Leopold I succeeds Ferdinand III as Holy Roman Emperor.
1658 - Oliver Cromwell dies; he is succeeded by his son Richard as lord protector of England.
1659 - French explorers Pierre Radisson and Medard Chouart des Groseilliers explore Minnesota.
1659 - Richard Cromwell resigns as lord protector of England.
1659 - The Peace of the Pyrenees ends a 24-year war between France and Spain.
1660 - Charles II is restored to the English throne by Parliament.
1660 - Dutch farmers (Boers) settle in South Africa.
1660 - English public servant Samuel Pepys begins his Diary.
1660 - Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, gains control of Prussia from Poland.
1660 - Louis XIV of France marries Marie Therese of Spain.
1660 - The Dutch found the first permanent settlement in New Jersey at Bergen (Jersey City).
1660 - The Bambara kingdom begins to flourish on the upper Niger about this time.
1660 - The Treaty of Copenhagen ends the war between Sweden and Denmark.
1660 - The Treaty of Oliva ends the war between Sweden, Poland, Austria, and Brandenburg.
1660 - The French establish the first European settlement in Wisconsin at present-day Ashland.
1661 - Charles II orders that Cromwell's corpse be disinterred, hanged, and beheaded.
1661 - Chinese pirate Koxinga drives the Dutch from Formosa (Taiwan).
1661 - Emperor Kangxi succeeds to the throne in China.
1661 - The English acquire Bombay from Portugal.
1661 - The first Bible printed in North America is John Elliot's translation into Algonquin.
1662 - Massasoit, chief of the Wampanoag Indians of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, dies.
1662 - Charles II grants a charter to the Royal Society of London for Natural Knowledge.
1662 - France purchases Dunkerque from England.
1662 - French architect Andre Le Notre designs the gardens for the Palace of Versailles.
1662 - Robert Boyle develops his theory of gases (now known as Boyle's Law).
1662 - The Portuguese surrender Tangier to England.
1662 - The Theatre Royal is built in Drury Lane, London.
1662 - Dutch artist Rembrandt paints The Syndics of the Cloth Guild.
1663 - Dutch genre artist Jan Steen paints the Woman Undressing.
1663 - The Ottoman Turks invade Hungary.
1663 - The colony of Carolina is established.
1663 - England's Second Navigation Act forbids the colonies from trading with other European nations.
1664 - England seizes New Amsterdam from the Dutch, renaming it New York.
1664 - The Austrians defeat the Turks at Saint Gotthard and conclude a 20-year truce.
1664 - The French East India Company is founded.
1664 - The Dutch surrender Fort Orange (Albany) to the English.
1664 - The Trappist order of monks is founded at La Trappe in France.
1665 - An outbreak of the Great Plague begins in London.
1665 - Charles II succeeds Philip IV as king of Spain.
1665 - Dutch genre artist Gerard Ter Borch paints the Flea Hunt.
1665 - England and Portugal defeat Spain and establish Portuguese independence.
1665 - Jean Baptiste Colbert becomes minister of finance for Louis XIV.
1665 - Robert Hooke publishes his microscope observations in Micrographia.
1665 - The Portuguese invade the Kingdom of Kongo and kill the monarch Antonio I.
1665 - The Second Anglo-Dutch War begins.
1665 - The first horse race track in North America is constructed on Long Island.
1666 - British scientist Isaac Newton completes his theory of fluxional calculus.
1666 - Large sections of London are destroyed in the Great Fire.
1666 - Moliere's play The Misanthrope is performed for the first time.
1666 - Puritans from Connecticut settle in New Jersey.
1666 - Sabbatai Zevi claims to be the messiah and founds a Jewish sect.
1666 - The Alawite dynasty assumes power in Morocco.
1666 - The French join the Dutch in the war with England.
1667 - English poet John Milton writes Paradise Lost.
1667 - Japanese poet Basho begins to compose his haiku poetry.
1667 - Louis XIV of France begins the War of Devolution and captures the Spanish Netherlands.
1667 - Louis XIV of France sponsors the first official Salon art exhibition at the Louvre.
1667 - Mexico City Cathedral is completed.
1667 - Suleiman succeeds Abbas II as shah of Persia (Iran).
1667 - The city of Brueckelen (Brooklyn) is chartered.
1667 - The Dutch acquire Suriname from the British in exchange for Manhattan.
1667 - The Dutch destroy the English fleet at anchor in the Medway River.
1667 - The Peace of Breda ends the war between the English, French, and Dutch.
1667 - The building of the Paris Observatory is begun.
1668 - A Triple Alliance of England, Sweden, and the Dutch Republic is formed against France.
1668 - The Treaties of Aix-la-Chapelle end the War of the Devolution.
1668 - By the Treaty of Lisbon Spain recognizes the independence of Portugal.
1668 - French fabulist Jean de La Fontaine begins publishing his Fables.
1668 - Jacques Marquette founds the first settlement in Michigan at Sault Sainte Marie.
1668 - King John II of Poland abdicates; he is succeeded by Michael Wisniowiecki.
1669 - German Alchemist Hennig Brandt makes phosphorus for the first time.
1669 - Louis Le Vau begins the expansion of the Palace of Versailles for Louis XIV.
1669 - Mount Etna erupts in Italy, killing 20,000.
1669 - Venice surrenders Crete to the Ottoman Turks.
1670 - English architect Sir Christopher Wren begins rebuilding Saint Paul's Cathedral.
1670 - The Don Cossacks under Stenka Razin rebel against Russian rule.
1670 - The English establish a settlement at Charles Towne (Charleston), South Carolina.
1670 - The Hudson's Bay Company is founded.
1671 - Buccaneers under Sir Henry Morgan capture the city of Panama.
1671 - French explorers claim the interior of North America for France.
1672 - Astronomer Giovanni Cassini becomes the first director of the Paris Observatory.
1672 - Grenades become an important weapon; the French army forms grenadier companies.
1672 - Jean Baptiste Lully produces the first French operas.
1672 - The French and British declare war on the Dutch, starting the Third Anglo-Dutch War.
1672 - William III prince of Orange leads the defense of the Netherlands.
1673 - Leibniz begins to develop his theories of differential and integral calculus.
1673 - Marquette and Jolliet explore the Great Lakes region and the Mississippi River.
1673 - The Polish army under John Sobieski defeats the Turks at Cochim (Khotin).
1673 - The Test Act excludes Catholics from public office in England.
1673 - The first regular mail service in North America is established between New York and Boston.
1673 - The Dutch recapture New York, but will only hold it for 6 months.
1674 - Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I declares war on France.
1674 - John Sobieski is elected as King John III of Poland.
1674 - Maratha leader Sivaji establishes a kingdom in Maharashtra, India.
1674 - The Dutch under William III make peace with England, ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War.
1674 - The Treaty of Westminster establishes New Yorkers as British subjects.
1674 - Father Marquette establishes a mission on the site of present-day Chicago.
1675 - Wampanoag and Nipmuck Indians under King Philip attack New England settlements .
1675 - Dutch-Jewish philosopher Baruch Spinoza finishes his Ethics.
1675 - English dramatist William Wycherley writes The Country Wife.
1675 - The Prussians under Frederick William defeat the Swedes at Fehrbellin.
1675 - Rhode Island settlers massacre more than 300 Narragansett Indian women and children.
1675 - The Royal Observatory is established at Greenwich.
1676 - German astronomer Ole Romer discovers the velocity of light.
1676 - Indians in New England are subdued after the year-long King Philip's War.
1676 - The Sikhs under Guru Gobind Singh revolt against Mogul rule in India.
1676 - The Swedes defeat the Danes at the Battle of Lunden.
1676 - Much of Jamestown burns down during Bacon's Rebellion, a revolt against the autocratic governor.
1677 - English author John Dryden writes the tragedy All for Love.
1677 - French dramatist Jean Racine writes the tragedy of Phedre.
1677 - William III prince of Orange marries Mary, daughter of the Duke of York.
1678 - French explorer Louis Hennepin discovers Niagara Falls.
1678 - John Bunyan publishes the first part of The Pilgrim's Progress.
1678 - The Hungarians rebel against Habsburg rule.
1678 - The Treaty of Nijmegen establishes peace between France, the Dutch, and Spain.
1679 - The English Parliament passes the Habeas Corpus Act.
1680 - Antonio Stradivari opens his violin workshop in Cremona, Italy.
1680 - Sadler's Wells theater opens in London.
1680 - The Comedie Francaise is founded in Paris.
1681 - Aurangzeb suppresses a Rajput revolt and campaigns against Hindu kingdoms in India.
1681 - English Quaker William Penn is granted the Providence of Pennsylvania.
1681 - John Dryden publishes his satirical poem Absalom and Achitophel.
1681 - The dodo, a large flightless bird, becomes extinct.
1682 - Edmond Halley observes the Great Comet, which is later named for him.
1682 - French explorer La Salle navigates the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico.
1682 - Peter the Great succeeds Fyodor III as tsar of Russia.
1682 - The Palace of Versailles becomes the French royal residence.
1682 - The Spanish establish the first settlement in Texas at Yselta (near El Paso).
1682 - William Penn founds the city of Philadelphia.
1683 - Chinese emperor Kangxi conquers Formosa (Taiwan).
1683 - The Turks lay siege to Vienna but are defeated by Imperial and Polish forces.
1683 - Van Leeuwenhoek's microscope drawings of Protozoa are published.
1683 - William Penn makes a peace treaty with the Delaware Indians.
1683 - German Mennonite settlers arrive in Philadelphia and found Germantown.
1684 - England abandons Tangier to the Moroccans.
1684 - La Salle claims Louisiana, a region from Quebec to the Gulf of Mexico, for France.
1684 - The Dutch whaling fleet at Spitsbergen (Svalbard) numbers 246 vessels.
1685 - Charles II of England dies; he is succeeded by his brother James II.
1685 - Increase Mather becomes president of Harvard College.
1685 - Japanese Bunraku (puppet theater) is performed in Osaka about this time.
1685 - Louis XIV revokes the Edict of Nantes and exiles thousands of French Huguenots.
1685 - Rice cultivation begins in North America.
1685 - The Duke of Monmouth rebels against James II; he is captured and executed.
1685 - The Huguenots begin a silk industry in London and settle in the American colonies.
1686 - Henri de Tonty establishes the first European settlement in Arkansas.
1686 - The League of Augsburg is formed as a coalition of European states against France.
1686 - The Turks are expelled from Budapest by a Habsburg army.
1687 - English actress and royal mistress Nell Gwynne dies.
1687 - Isaac Newton publishes Principia, establishing his laws of motion and gravity.
1687 - James II issues a Declaration of Indulgence suspending the laws against Catholics.
1687 - The city of Lima, Peru, is virtually destroyed by an earthquake.
1688 - English Protestants demand a Glorious Revolution against Catholicism.
1688 - Insurance underwriters begin meeting at Lloyd's Coffee House in London.
1688 - Louis XIV declares war on the Holy Roman Empire and captures Heidelberg.
1688 - William of Orange is invited to England as king; James II escapes to France.
1689 - British composer Henry Purcell writes the opera Dido and Aeneas.
1689 - Chinese emperor Kangxi establishes diplomatic relations with Russia.
1689 - England and the Netherlands join the Grand Alliance against France.
1689 - French and Indian allies attack English colonists during King William's War.
1689 - William and Mary are proclaimed king and queen of England.
1690 - Benjamin Harris publishes the first American newspaper in Boston.
1690 - Philosopher John Locke publishes his Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
1690 - Spain joins the War of Grand Alliance against France.
1690 - The French defeat the English fleet at the Battle of Beachy Head.
1690 - William III defeats James II at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland.
1690 - German settlers in Pennsylvania build the first paper mill in America.
1690 - In King William's War, French and Indian forces burn Schenectady, New York.
1691 - The Irish rebellion ends with the Treaty of Limerick.
1692 - Port Royal in Jamaica is destroyed by an earthquake; the city of Kingston is founded.
1692 - The Macdonald clan are massacred by the Campbells at Glencoe in Scotland.
1692 - Witchcraft trials are held at Salem, Massachusetts; 20 people are executed.
1693 - James Blair founds William and Mary College in Williamsburg, Virginia.
1693 - John Ray publishes the first major classification of animals.
1694 - The Academie Francaise introduces the first French national dictionary.
1694 - The Bank of England is founded.
1696 - Russia annexes the Kamchatka Peninsula.
1696 - Russian tsar Peter the Great captures Azov from the Turks.
1696 - The Chinese under Kangxi defeat the Dzungar Mongol chieftain Galdan.
1696 - William III of England campaigns in Holland against the French.
1696 - Spain establishes a colony at Pensacola in Florida.
1697 - Augustus II elector of Saxony becomes king of Poland.
1697 - French poet Charles Perrault publishes the Tales From Mother Goose.
1697 - Russian tsar Peter the Great sets out to study the European way of life.
1697 - The Habsburg army under Eugene of Savoy defeats the Turks at Zenta.
1697 - The Treaty of Ryswick ends the War of the Grand Alliance.
1697 - King William's War in New England comes to an end.
1697 - Spain cedes the western third of Hispaniola (Haiti) to France.
1698 - Calcutta is founded by the British East India Company.
1698 - Russian tsar Peter the Great imposes a tax on beards.
1698 - Thomas Savery invents a water pump -- the first practical application of steam power.
1699 - Austria, Russia, Poland, and Venice sign the Peace of Karlowitz treaty with Turkey.
1699 - Japanese master ceramicist Ogata Kenzan opens his kiln at Narutaki.
1699 - Peter the Great changes the Russian New Year from September 1 to January 1.
1699 - William Dampier explores the northwest coast of Australia.
1699 - The French establish colonies in Louisiana and Mississippi.
1700 - Charles II of Spain dies, ending the Spanish Habsburg line.
1700 - Johann Denner invents the clarinet about this time.
1700 - Kabuki Theater develops in Japan about this time.
1700 - Peter the Great's Russian army is defeated by the Swedes at the Battle of Narva.
1700 - Philip V, grandson of Louis XIV, becomes the first Bourbon king of Spain.
1700 - The Great Northern War begins; Denmark, Poland, and Russia attack Sweden.
1700 - The Swedes under Charles XII defeat the Danes.
1700 - The population of the American colonies is approximately 275,000.
1700 - The rococo style is introduced into French architecture about this time.
1701 - Captain Kidd is hanged for piracy.
1701 - Frederick I Elector of Saxony proclaims himself the first king of Prussia.
1701 - Detroit is founded by Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac.
1701 - The Act of Settlement in Britain establishes the Hanoverian succession to the throne.
1701 - The War of the Spanish Succession begins.
1701 - Yale University is founded in New Haven, Connecticut.
1702 - Anne succeeds William III as queen of England.
1702 - England declares war on France and Spain.
1702 - French fur traders found Vincennes, the first permanent European settlement in Indiana.
1702 - Queen Anne's War begins in America; the British attack Saint Augustine in Florida.
1702 - The Camisards (French Huguenots) rebel in southern France.
1702 - The French under the duc de Villars defeat the Grand Alliance at Friedlingen.
1702 - The first daily newspaper The Daily Courant is published in London.
1702 - The colonies of East and West Jersey are combined to form the colony of New Jersey.
1703 - Archduke Charles of Austria claims the Spanish throne for the Habsburgs.
1703 - Buckingham Palace is rebuilt for the Duke of Buckingham in London.
1703 - Peter the Great lays the foundations of St. Petersburg (Leningrad).
1704 - Augustus II is deposed; Stanislaw I is crowned king of Poland.
1704 - Issac Newton publishes his theory of color and light in Opticks.
1704 - John Campbell founds the Boston News-Letter, the first successful American newspaper.
1704 - The Duke of Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy defeat the French at Blenheim.
1704 - The English capture Gibraltar from Spain.
1704 - The Indians and the French massacre British settlers in Deerfield, Mass.
1705 - Edmund Halley predicts that the comet of 1682 will return in 1758.
1705 - The English Navy occupies Barcelona.
1706 - Eugene of Savoy defeats the French at Turin and drives them from Italy.
1706 - The Duke of Marlborough conquers the Spanish Netherlands.
1707 - Emperor Aurangzeb dies; the Mogul empire begins to decline in India.
1707 - Great Britain is formed by the Act of Union between England and Scotland.
1707 - John V succeeds Peter II as king of Portugal.
1707 - Mount Fuji erupts in Japan; an earthquake kills 200,000 in Tokyo.
1707 - The British attack the French colony of Acadia (Nova Scotia).
1707 - The Duke of Berwick routs the allied forces at Almanza in Spain.
1708 - French forces under Vendome are defeated by Marlborough at Oudenarde.
1708 - Sikh leader Guru Gobind Singh is assassinated; the Moguls persecute the Sikhs.
1708 - The British capture the island of Minorca from Spain.
1709 - Abraham Darby builds a blast furnace using coke for casting iron.
1709 - Charles XII of Sweden flees to the Ottoman Empire.
1709 - Italian musician Bartolommeo Cristofori invents the piano.
1709 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Poltava.
1709 - The Duke of Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Malplaquet.
1709 - The world's first Copyright Act becomes law in Britain.
1710 - Augustus II regains the Polish throne.
1710 - Charles XII persuades the Turks to attack Russia.
1710 - French forces under Vendome defeat the allies at Villaviciosa in Spain.
1710 - George Berkeley publishes a Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge.
1710 - The British seize Acadia (Nova Scotia) from the French.
1710 - The Meissen porcelain factory is founded near Dresden in Germany.
1711 - Joseph I dies; Charles VI is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
1711 - The French found the first permanent settlement in Alabama at Mobile.
1711 - The Tuscarora War begins in North Carolina when Indians massacre 130 colonists.
1712 - Carolina is divided into north and south colonies.
1712 - North and South Carolina militias kill 300 Tuscarora Indians.
1712 - English poet Alexander Pope publishes The Rape of the Lock.
1712 - The New England whaling industry expands rapidly with the hunting of sperm whales.
1713 - Emperor Charles VI issues the Pragmatic Sanction, allowing for a female heir.
1713 - France cedes Acadia (Nova Scotia) and Newfoundland to Britain.
1713 - Frederick William I succeeds Frederick I as king of Prussia.
1713 - Sicily is ceded to the House of Savoy; Victor Amadeus II is crowned as king.
1713 - Spain cedes Gibraltar and Minorca to Britain.
1713 - The Asiento Treaty establishes British rights to the African slave trade.
1713 - The Peace of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession.
1713 - Queen Anne's War, between England and France and Spain, ends.
1714 - German composer George Frideric Handel makes London his permanent home.
1714 - Queen Anne of England dies; she is succeeded by George I, Elector of Hanover.
1714 - Tea is introduced into the American colonies.
1715 - A Jacobite uprising supports James Edward as the Old Pretender to the British throne.
1715 - French King Louis XIV dies; he is succeeded by his five-year-old great-grandson Louis XV.
1715 - French author Alain Rene Lesage publishes the Adventures of Gil Blas.
1715 - Japan's leading playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon writes The Battles of Coxinga.
1715 - Phillipe II Duc d'Orleans becomes regent of France.
1715 - The Yamasee Indians rebel against British settlers in South Carolina.
1716 - Holy Roman emperor Charles VI declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
1716 - South Carolina settlers defeat the Yamasee Indians.
1716 - The colonies' first theater opens in Williamsburg, Virginia.
1717 - Eugene of Savoy captures Belgrade from the Turks.
1717 - French artist Antoine Watteau paints the Pilgrimage to Cythera.
1717 - John Law forms the Mississippi Company in France.
1717 - Spain seizes Sardinia and Sicily.
1717 - The first freemason lodge is formed in London.
1718 - Charles XII of Sweden is killed during a campaign against Norway.
1718 - Spain establishes the Viceroyalty of New Granada in South America.
1718 - Sultan Ahmed III concludes the Treaty of Passarowitz with the Holy Roman Empire.
1718 - The English pirate Blackbeard is killed by the Virginia militia.
1718 - The French found New Orleans in Louisiana.
1718 - The Spanish found San Antonio in Texas.
1718 - The Quadruple Alliance of Austria, Britain, France, and the Dutch declare war on Spain.
1718 - Voltaire writes the tragedy of Oedipe while imprisoned in the Bastille.
1719 - English writer Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe.
1719 - Liechtenstein becomes an independent principality of the Holy Roman Empire.
1719 - Teams from London and Kent play one of the first cricket matches.
1720 - The Quadruple Alliance defeats Spain; Spain renounces all claims to Sicily and Sardinia.
1720 - Tibet becomes a protectorate of China.
1720 - Victor Amadeus II surrenders Sicily to Austria in exchange for Sardinia.
1721 - German composer Johann Sebastian Bach writes the Brandenburg Concertos.
1721 - Italian composer Alessandro Scarlatti writes his opera Griselda.
1721 - The French settle on the island of Mauritius.
1721 - The Great Northern War ends; Sweden loses most of her overseas possessions.
1722 - Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen discovers Samoa and Easter Island.
1722 - English author Daniel Defoe publishes Moll Flanders.
1722 - The Afghans invade Persia (Iran) and overthrow the Safavid rulers.
1723 - The first permanent school for American Indians is established at Williamsburg, Virginia.
1724 - The British build Fort Dummer, the first permanent European settlement in Vermont.
1724 - The Quakers make a statement opposing slavery.
1724 - The French expel Jewish settlers from Louisiana.
1725 - Danish explorer Vitus Bering begins his voyage in search of a Northeast Passage.
1725 - Francisco Romero establishes the current style of Spanish bullfighting.
1725 - Peter the Great dies; his wife Catherine I succeeds him as Empress of Russia.
1726 - Alexander Pope completes his translation of Homer's Odyssey.
1726 - Cardinal Andre Fleury becomes chief advisor to Louis XV.
1726 - English satirist Jonathan Swift publishes Gulliver's Travels.
1726 - The Spanish found Montevideo in Uruguay.
1727 - Catherine I dies; Peter II succeeds her as Emperor of Russia.
1727 - George II succeeds his father George I as king of Great Britain and Ireland.
1727 - The Spanish lay siege to Gibraltar.
1728 - Danish navigator Vitus Bering explores Bering Strait.
1728 - English poet and playwright John Gay writes The Beggar's Opera.
1728 - James Gibbs' Book of Architecture influences Colonial American designs.
1728 - John Harrison begins his development of an accurate chronometer.
1729 - Corsica rebels against Genoese rule.
1729 - Denmark assumes control of Greenland.
1729 - The city of Baltimore is founded in Maryland.
1729 - The city of Karachi is founded in India (now in Pakistan).
1730 - Canaletto paints the Basin of San Marco, one of his many views of Venice.
1730 - Construction of the Province-hall (now Independence Hall) begins in Philadelphia.
1730 - Peter II dies; he is succeeded by Anna as Empress of Russia.
1731 - French novelist Abbe Prevost writes Manon Lescaut.
1731 - John Hadley invents the quadrant for navigating at sea.
1731 - The Gentleman's Magazine, the first magazine, is published in London.
1732 - Benjamin Franklin publishes Poor Richard's Almanack in Philadelphia.
1732 - Covent Garden Opera House opens in London.
1732 - Nadir Shah expels the Afghans from Persia (Iran) and reinstates Safavid rule.
1732 - Nicola Salvi designs the Trevi Fountain in Rome.
1732 - William Hogarth completes his series of engravings The Harlot's Progress.
1733 - James Oglethorpe founds Georgia, the last of the original 13 colonies..
1733 - John Kay invents the flying shuttle to increase the speed of weaving machines.
1733 - Nadir Shah defeats the Turks and occupies Bagdhad.
1733 - Stanislaw I is elected king of Poland with the support of Louis XV of France.
1733 - The War of Polish Succession begins.
1734 - Stanislaw I is deposed; Augustus III is installed as king of Poland.
1735 - Antonio de Ulloa discovers the element platinum in South America.
1735 - George Hadley proposes the Hadley cell, a circulation system for the atmosphere.
1736 - Ch'ien-lung becomes emperor of China.
1736 - French artist Maurice Quentin de La Tour paints his Portrait of Voltaire.
1736 - Nadir assumes the title of Shah of Persia and founds the Afshar dynasty.
1736 - Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler begins writing his Mechanica.
1737 - William Mayo founds the city of Richmond, Virginia.
1738 - A porcelain factory is established in France at Vincennes; it moves later to Sevres.
1738 - Bernoulli publishes Hydrodynamica, stating his law of hydrodynamics.
1738 - George Whitefield precipitates the Great Awakening religious revival in America.
1738 - The Treaty of Vienna concludes the War of the Polish Succession; Stanislaw I abdicates.
1738 - The excavation of Herculaneum begins in Italy.
1739 - John Wesley founds the Methodist religious movement.
1739 - Mutilation of an English sea captain by the Spanish leads to the War of Jenkins' Ear.
1739 - The British under Admiral Vernon raid Spanish settlements in the West Indies.
1739 - The Persians under Nadir Shah defeat the Mogul army and destroy Delhi.
1740 - Anna Empress of Russia dies; she is succeeded by Elizabeth in 1741.
1740 - Charles VI's daughter Maria Theresa succeeds to the Austrian Habsburg empire.
1740 - English novelist Samuel Richardson writes Pamela; or Virtue Rewarded.
1740 - Frederick II (Frederick the Great) assumes the Prussian throne.
1740 - Frederick II of Prussia invades the Habsburg province of Silesia.
1740 - Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI dies; the War of the Austrian Succession begins.
1740 - Scottish philosopher David Hume writes his Treatise of Human Nature.
1740 - In the War of Jenkins' Ear, British under James Oglethorpe attack Spanish possessions in Florida.
1741 - George Frideric Handel composes the Messiah.
1741 - Prussia forms an anti-Habsburg coalition with Bavaria, Spain, and France.
1741 - Danish navigator Vitus Bering, working for Russia, explores Alaska's southwest coast.
1742 - A Spanish invasion of Georgia is defeated by British forces under James Oglethorpe.
1742 - Maria Theresa makes peace with Frederick II; Silesia is ceded to Prussia.
1742 - Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius invents the Celsius scale for temperature.
1742 - The anti-Habsburg coalition elects Charles VII as Holy Roman Emperor.
1742 - The cast iron Franklin stove is invented by Benjamin Franklin.
1743 - The first permanent bullring is built in Madrid.
1744 - King George's War begins in North America between Britain and France.
1744 - Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab founds the Wahhabi Muslim sect about this time.
1745 - Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) leads a second Jacobite rebellion.
1745 - Giovanni Piranesi begins his etchings of Carceri d'Invenzione (Imaginary Prisons).
1745 - Louis XV installs the Marquise de Pompadour as his official mistress.
1745 - Maria Theresa's husband Francis succeeds Charles VII as Holy Roman Emperor.
1745 - In King George's War, the British capture the French fortress of Louisburg in Canada.
1745 - The French under the Comte de Saxe defeat Austrian, English, and Dutch forces at Fontenoy.
1745 - The Treaty of Dresden confirms Prussian control of Silesia.
1746 - Britain and France struggle for the domination of India; France seizes Madras.
1746 - Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) is defeated at Culloden.
1746 - Ferdinand VI succeeds Philip V as king of Spain.
1746 - Princeton University is founded in New Jersey.
1747 - Nadir Shah of Persia (Iran) is assassinated.
1747 - The Ohio Company is formed to promote settlement west of the Appalachians.
1747 - The Pathans defeat the Persians; Ahmad Shah Sadozai founds a new dynasty.
1748 - English artist Thomas Gainsborough paints Robert Andrews and Mary, His Wife.
1748 - French political philosopher Montesquieu writes The Spirit of the Laws.
1748 - The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends King George's War and the War of the Austrian Succession.
1749 - English novelist Henry Fielding writes Tom Jones.
1749 - Italian dramatist Carlo Goldoni writes La Putta honorata (The Respectable Girl).
1749 - The British found Halifax in Nova Scotia as a military base.
1750 - American frontiersman Christopher Gist explores the Ohio River region.
1750 - Thomas Walker finds the Cumberland Gap through the Appalachian Mountains.
1750 - Baal Shem Tov founds the Jewish sect of Hasidism about this time.
1750 - The Afshars are replaced by the Zand dynasty in Persia (Iran); Shiraz becomes the capital.
1750 - The Conestoga wagon develops in Pennsylvania about this time.
1750 - The neoclassical movement in art develops in Europe about this time.
1750 - The waltz becomes a popular dance in Europe about this time.
1751 - English novelist Tobias Smollett writes The Expedition of Humphrey Clinker.
1751 - Jean Etienne Guettard produces the first geological maps of France.
1751 - The Worcester Royal Porcelain Company is founded in England.
1751 - The first volume of Diderot's Encyclopedie is published.
1752 - Benjamin Franklin proves that lightning is electricity and invents the lightning rod.
1752 - French artist Francois Boucher paints Mademoiselle O'Murphy.
1752 - Italian artist Tiepolo paints the Marriage of Frederick Barbarossa.
1753 - Swedish biologist Carolus Linnaeus publishes his system of plant classification.
1753 - The British Museum is founded in London.
1753 - The Liberty Bell is hung in the Pennsylvania State House (now Independence Hall).
1754 - French attacks against the English in Ohio lead to the last French and Indian War.
1754 - Italian architect Rastrelli designs the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg (Leningrad).
1754 - The Royal and Ancient Golf Club is founded at Saint Andrews in Scotland.
1754 - Thomas Chippendale publishes The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Directory.
1755 - Adventurer and lover Casanova is arrested in Venice for witchcraft.
1755 - Pasquale Paoli founds an independent state in Corsica.
1755 - Samuel Johnson publishes his Dictionary of the English Language.
1755 - In the French and Indian War, the British are defeated by the French at Fort Duquesne.
1755 - The French population of Acadia (Nova Scotia) is deported by the British.
1755 - The Lisbon earthquake kills 50,000.
1756 - 123 British soldiers are alleged to have died in the Black Hole of Calcutta in Bengal, India.
1756 - French general Montcalm captures Fort Oswego and Fort George in New York.
1756 - The Seven Years' War begins with a Prussian attack on Austria.
1756 - William Pitt (the Elder) becomes prime minister of Britain.
1757 - Frederick II of Prussia defeats the Franco-Austrian army at Rossbach.
1757 - Robert Clive defeats the nawab of Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in India.
1758 - Americans and British regulars under General John Forbes capture Fort Duquesne.
1758 - The Burmese overthrow the Mons; Rangoon becomes the new capital of Burma.
1758 - The French under  Montcalm defeat the British at Fort Ticonderoga.
1759 - French poet and dramatist Voltaire publishes his philosophical novel Candide.
1759 - Josiah Wedgwood establishes his first pottery works.
1759 - The Botanical Gardens are founded at Kew in London.
1759 - The British defeat the French at Niagara and Fort Ticonderoga.
1759 - The British under James Wolfe defeat Montcalm at Quebec and capture the city.
1759 - The Russians defeat Frederick II at Kunersdorf.
1760 - English novelist Laurence Sterne publishes the first volumes of Tristram Shandy.
1760 - George II dies; he is succeeded by his grandson George III as king of England.
1760 - The British capture Montreal, ending French resistance in North America.
1760 - The Russians invade Prussia and burn Berlin.
1761 - Franz Josef Haydn becomes court composer to Prince Esterhazy.
1762 - American Indian religious leader the Delaware Prophet is active in the Ohio Valley.
1762 - Britain seizes Cuba and the Philippines from Spain.
1762 - British animal painter George Stubbs completes the Horse Attacked by a Lion.
1762 - Catherine II (Catherine the Great) succeeds her husband as empress of Russia.
1762 - France cedes Louisiana to Spain to prevent British control of the region.
1762 - French philosopher Rousseau publishes The Social Contract and Emile.
1762 - Peter III succeeds Elizabeth as emperor of Russia, but is deposed and murdered.
1762 - The Russians end their alliance with Austria against Prussia.
1762 - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart performs at the Imperial court in Vienna at age 6.
1763 - Augustus III dies; he is succeeded (1764) by Stanislaw II, the last king of Poland.
1763 - Britain returns Cuba and the Philippines to Spain in exchange for Florida.
1763 - France cedes Canada and all territories east of the Mississippi River to Britain.
1763 - France recognizes British dominance in India.
1763 - French forces withdraw from Germany; Prussia retains Silesia.
1763 - Ottawa chief Pontiac ends his uprising and surrenders to the British.
1763 - Bostonians denounce British Sugar and Currency Acts as "taxation without representation."
1763 - The Ottawa chief Pontiac leads an uprising against the British.
1763 - The Treaty of Paris ends the Seven Years' War and the French and Indian Wars.
1763 - The Wahhabi Saudis begin to establish control over Arabia.
1764 - German historian Johann Winckelmann publishes his History of the Art of Antiquity.
1764 - Thomas Chatterton forges the Rowley poems at the age of 12.
1765 - Francis I dies; he is succeeded by Joseph II as Holy Roman Emperor.
1765 - French artist Francois Boucher is appointed court painter to Louis XV.
1765 - The British Stamp Act imposes a tax on all publications in the American colonies.
1765 - The Quartering Act orders the colonies to provide housing for British soldiers.
1765 - Horace Walpole publishes his Gothic novel The Castle of Otranto.
1765 - Robert Clive is appointed governor of Bengal in India.
1765 - Samuel Adams helps to found the Sons of Liberty to oppose the Stamp Act.
1765 - Sir William Blackstone begins his Commentaries on the Laws of England.
1765 - The first American medical school is established; it will become the University of Pennsylvania's College of Physicians and Surgeons.
1766 - Anglo-Irish author Oliver Goldsmith publishes The Vicar of Wakefield.
1766 - English chemist Henry Cavendish isolates hydrogen gas for the first time.
1766 - French artist Jean Honore Fragonard paints The Swing.
1766 - German dramatist and critic Gotthold Ephraim Lessing publishes Laocoon.
1766 - The Declaratory Act imposes Parliament's right to make laws in the colonies.
1766 - The Nautical Almanac provides the first practical method for determining longitude.
1766 - The Stamp Act is repealed after strong opposition from American colonists.
1767 - German composer Christoph Willibald Gluck writes his opera Alceste.
1767 - German-Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn publishes Phaedon.
1767 - The Burmese destroy the Siam capital of Ayutthaya; the Bangkok Period begins.
1767 - The Mason-Dixon line establishes the Pennsylvania-Maryland boundary.
1767 - The Townshend Acts impose a tax on imports to North America.
1768 - Genoa sells its rights in Corsica to France.
1768 - Joshua Reynolds becomes the first president of the Royal Academy in London.
1768 - Louis Antoine de Bougainville claims the Pacific island of Tahiti for France.
1768 - The Russo-Turkish War, which ended in 1711,  is renewed.
1768 - The first weekly numbers of the Encyclopaedia Britannica are issued.
1769 - American pioneer Daniel Boone explores a route through the Cumberland Gap.
1769 - French forces in Corsica defeat Pasquale Paoli; Corsica becomes a province of France.
1769 - James Watt patents a condenser to improve the performance of steam engines.
1769 - Ottawa Indian chief Pontiac is assassinated by a Peoria Indian.
1769 - Richard Arkwright invents a spinning frame to mechanize cotton weaving.
1769 - The Comtesse du Barry becomes the official mistress to Louis XV.
1769 - The Gurkhas conquer Nepal.
1769 - The Spanish establish a base at San Diego for the exploration of California.
1770 - A brawl between British troops and colonists leads to the Boston Massacre.
1770 - British explorer James Bruce discovers the source of the Blue Nile.
1770 - English artist Thomas Gainsborough paints The Blue Boy.
1770 - English navigator James Cook explores New Zealand and the east coast of Australia.
1770 - Lord North becomes prime minister of Britain.
1770 - Louis, the future king of France, marries Marie Antoinette.
1770 - The British Parliament repeals the Townshend Acts.
1770 - Thomas Jefferson begins building Monticello, his house in Virginia.
1771 - Governor William Tryon defeats the Regulators (dissident farmers) in North Carolina.
1771 - Gustav III succeeds his father as king of Sweden.
1772 - American artist Benjamin West paints The Death of Wolfe.
1772 - English artist Joshua Reynolds paints a Portrait of Samuel Johnson.
1772 - Poland is partitioned among Russia, Prussia, and Austria.
1773 - American colonists throw British tea into Boston Harbor during the Boston Tea Party.
1773 - Anglo-Irish author Oliver Goldsmith writes the play She Stoops to Conquer.
1773 - Calcutta is established as the capital of British India.
1773 - Don Cossack Yemelian Pugachev leads the Peasant's Revolt in Russia.
1773 - Pope Clement XIV persecutes the Jesuits.
1773 - Captain James Cook becomes the first person to sail across the Antarctic Circle.
1774 - Britain passes the Intolerable Acts and closes the port of Boston.
1774 - British scientist Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen.
1774 - Edmund Burke's speech On American Taxation defends the colony's rights.
1774 - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe publishes The Sorrows of Young Werther.
1774 - Louis XV dies; he is succeeded by his grandson Louis XVI as king of France.
1774 - The Quebec Act grants religious liberty to Roman Catholics in Canada.
1774 - The Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji ends the Russo-Turkish War.
1774 - The first Continental Congress meets and condemns Britain's Intolerable Acts.
1774 - Massachusetts militiamen raid the British arsenal at Portsmouth.
1775 - American patriot Patrick Henry states "Give me liberty, or give me death."
1775 - Americans under Montgomery occupy Montreal, but fail to capture Quebec.
1775 - British troops and colonial militia clash at Lexington, starting the American Revolution.
1775 - British troops suffer heavy losses at the Battle of Bunker Hill.
1775 - Paul Revere rides to Lexington to warn of approaching British troops.
1775 - The Continental Congress chooses George Washington to head the Continental Army.
1775 - The Continental Navy and Continental Marines are established.
1775 - Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys capture the British arsenal at Fort Ticonderoga.
1775 - The Continental Congress establishes a Post Office Department.
1775 - King George III declares the colonies to be in rebellion.
1775 - Daniel Boone blazes the Wilderness Road through the Allegheny Mountains.
1775 - Indians destroy  the Spanish mission at San Diego.
1776 - Ann Lee establishes a Shaker community at Wartervliet in New York.
1776 - British forces are evacuated from Boston.
1776 - British forces bombard Charleston harbor but are repulsed.
1776 - David Bushnell's submarine the Turtle makes an abortive attack on British ships.
1776 - Economist Adam Smith publishes the Wealth of Nations.
1776 - Edward Gibbon publishes the first volume of Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
1776 - Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin organizes the Russian Black Sea fleet.
1776 - Howe defeats Washington at White Plains.
1776 - The British under General William Howe defeat Washington on Long Island.
1776 - The Continental Congress adopts the Declaration of Independence.
1776 - Thomas Paine publishes his Revolutionary War pamphlet Common Sense.
1776 - Washington defeats British forces at Trenton.
1776 - Washington retreats across the Delaware River.
1776 - The British occupy New York City.
1776 - The Spanish establish a missionary at San Francisco.
1776 - The Spanish found their first settlement in Colorado.
1776 - North Carolina becomes the first colony to declare its independence.
1776 - The Continental Congress changes the name of the country from  United Colonies to  United States.
1776 - The Phi Betta Kappa Society is founded.
1777 - Burgoyne capitulates to Horatio Gates' American forces at Saratoga.
1777 - Christianity is introduced into Korea.
1777 - French chemist Lavoisier proves that air is composed of oxygen and nitrogen.
1777 - General John Burgoyne captures Ticonderoga and defeats the Americans in Pennsylvania.
1777 - The British under Howe capture Philadelphia, forcing Congress to flee.
1777 - The British under Howe defeat Washington's Continental Army at Brandywine Creek.
1777 - The Continental Congress adopts the Stars and Stripes as the American flag.
1777 - The Marquis de Lafayette offers his services to the Continental Congress.
1777 - Washington's Continental Army spends a hard winter at Valley Forge.
1777 - Washington defeats Cornwallis at the Battle of Princeton.
1777 - The Continental Congress adopts the Articles of Confederation.
1777 - France recognizes the independence of the 13 colonies.
1777 - The first American edition of the Bible in English is published.
1778 - France enters the American War of Independence in support of the colonies.
1778 - Franz Anton Mesmer  treats patients using magnetism and hypnotism.
1778 - John Singleton Copley paints Watson and the Shark.
1778 - La Scala opera house opens in Milan, Italy.
1778 - Portugal transfers its rights in Equatorial Guinea to Spain.
1778 - Captain James Cook reaches the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islands.
1778 - The British capture Savannah.
1779 - American forces under Gen. John Sullivan campaign against the Iroquois on the New York border.
1779 - John Paul Jones, aboard the Bonhomme Richard, successfully  attacks British shipping.
1779 - British explorer James Cook is killed by natives on Hawaii.
1779 - George Rogers Clark recaptures Vincennes from the British.
1779 - The British capture Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia.
1779 - Spain declares war on Great Britain.
1779 - Samuel Crompton develops his spinning mule for England's cotton industry.
1779 - Samuel Johnson begins writing The Lives of the Poets
1779 - Spain declares war on Britain and lays siege to Gibraltar.
1779 - War breaks out between Dutch settlers and the Xhosas in South Africa.
1780 - Americans under Horatio Gates are defeated by Cornwallis at Camden, S.C.
1780 - British forces invade North Carolina.
1780 - Andre's capture exposes Benedict Arnold's plot to surrender West Point.
1780 - The American Academy of Arts and Science is founded.
1780 - English spy John Andre is caught and executed by the Americans.
1780 - Francis Marion and Thomas Sumter lead guerrilla forces against the British in South Carolina.
1780 - Luigi Galvani begins experiments on the effect of electricity on nerves and muscles.
1780 - Maria Theresa dies; Joseph II inherits the crown of Bohemia and Hungary.
1780 - Peruvian Indians under Tupac Amaru revolt against Spanish rule.
1780 - The British under Clinton occupy Charleston, S.C. and capture the garrison.
1780 - The Derby horse race is established in England.
1781 - American forces under Daniel Morgan defeat the British at the Battle of Cowpens.
1781 - Spanish forces take West Florida from the British.
1781 - A French fleet cripples a British fleet in Chesapeake Bay.
1781 - English astronomer William Herschel discovers the planet Uranus.
1781 - German philosopher Immanuel Kant publishes his Critique of Pure Reason.
1781 - The British defeat Hyder Ali the Muslim ruler of Mysore (now Karnataka) in India.
1781 - The British under Cornwallis surrender to the Americans at Yorktown.
1781 - The French aid Washington in the siege of Yorktown.
1782 - Kamehameha I begins a ten-year war for control of Hawaii.
1782 - Peace talks open in Paris between Britain and America.
1782 - The Spanish complete their conquest of Florida.
1782 - In the last battle of the American Revolution, George Rogers Clark attacks the Shawnee in Ohio.
1782 - Massachusetts makes slavery illegal.
1782 - Rama I founds the Chakkri dynasty in Siam (Thailand) with Bangkok as its capital.
1782 - The design for the Great Seal of the United States is adopted by the Continental Congress.
1782 - Tippu Sultan succeeds his father as ruler of Mysore (now Karnataka) in India.
1783 - An earthquake kills 30,000 people at Calabria in Italy.
1783 - Britain recognizes the independence of the United States at the Treaty of Paris.
1783 - Congress formally proclaims an end to the American Revolution.
1783 - British forces abandon New York, their last stronghold in North America.
1783 - Washington resigns as commander in chief of the Continental Army.
1783 - French scientist Jacques Charles demonstrates the first hydrogen-inflated balloon.
1783 - Russia gains control of the Crimea after three centuries of Turkish rule.
1783 - The British return Florida to Spain under the terms of the Treaty of Paris.
1783 - The Montgolfier brothers make the first manned flight in a hot air balloon.
1783 - William Pitt (the Younger) becomes prime minister of Britain at age 24.
1784 - American inventor Oliver Evans develops the first automated flour mill.
1784 - French dramatist Caron de Beaumarchais writes the Marriage of Figaro.
1784 - French neoclassical artist Jacques Louis David paints The Oath of Horatii.
1784 - Grigory Shelekhov founds the first Russian colony in America at Kodiak Island, Alaska.
1784 - Thomas Jefferson's proposes a ban on slavery in the western territories.
1784 - Slavery is abolished in Connecticut and Rhode Island.
1784 - The Methodist church is organized in the United States.
1785 - English poet William Cowper publishes The Task.
1785 - French navigator La Perouse sails to the Pacific to find the Northwest Passage.
1785 - Jean Pierre Blanchard makes the first balloon flight across the English Channel.
1785 - New York City becomes the temporary capital of the United States.
1785 - Newspaper publisher John Walter founds The Times of London.
1785 - Slavery is abolished in New York.
1786 - Daniel Shays leads a rebellion against the state government in Massachusetts.
1786 - Francisco de Goya becomes court painter to Charles III of Spain.
1786 - Frederick II dies; he is succeeded by his son Frederick William II as king of Prussia.
1786 - Robert Burns publishes Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect.
1786 - Singapore, Penang, and Melaka are ceded to Britain as the Straits Settlements.
1786 - Swiss climbers make the first ascent of Mount Blanc.
1786 - Slavery is abolished in New Jersey.
1787 - Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison write the first Federalist essays.
1787 - American inventor John Fitch launches a steam-powered ferry boat on the Delaware.
1787 - Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart writes the opera Don Giovanni.
1787 - Royall Tyler's The Contrast becomes the first stage comedy to be produced in the U.S.
1787 - The British found Freetown and establish Sierra Leone as a colony for freed slaves.
1787 - The Constitutional Convention meets in Philadelphia and draws up the U.S. Constitution.
1787 - The Continental Congress excludes slavery from the Northwest Territory.
1787 - Delaware ratifies the Constitution and becomes the first state of the Union.
1787 - Pennsylvania and New Jersey ratify the Constitution and become the second and third states of the Union.
1787 - Turkey declares war on Russia, beginning a new Russo-Turkish War.
1783 - The last of some 100,000 Loyalists leave the United States for Canada and Europe.
1788 - Austria joins Russia in the war against Turkey.
1788 - Captain Arthur Phillip founds the first Australian penal colony at Sydney Cove.
1788 - The U.S. Constitution comes into force when New Hampshire becomes the 9th state to ratify it.
1788 - Georgia, Connecticut, and Massachusetts become the 4th, 5th, and 6th states.
1788 - Maryland and South Carolina become the 7th and 8th states.
1788 - Virginia and New York become the 10th and 11th states.
1788 - French physicist Lagrange publishes his Analytical Mechanics.
1788 - Mozart composes 3 symphonies: E-flat, G minor and Jupiter in less than 7 weeks.
1788 - Swedish forces under Gustav III attack Russia.
1789 - A National Assembly is declared in France, ending the power of the Estates-General.
1789 - Alexander Hamilton becomes the first U.S. secretary of the treasury.
1789 - Austrian forces capture Belgrade from the Turks.
1789 - English poet and artist William Blake publishes Songs of Innocence.
1789 - French sculptor Jean Antoine Houdon makes busts of Jefferson and Washington.
1789 - Jeremy Bentham publishes An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation.
1789 - Louis XVI is forced to capitulate; France becomes a constitutional monarchy.
1789 - Mutinous sailors seize H.M.S. Bounty and take refuge on Pitcairn Island.
1789 - The Federalist party is formed by supporters of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
1789 - North Carolina becomes the 12th state of the Union.
1789 - The French National Assembly formulates a Declaration of the Rights of Man.
1789 - The U.S. State Department is established.
1789 - The U.S. War Department is established.
1789 - The French Revolution begins with an attack on the Bastille.
1789 - The Supreme Court of the United States is founded with John Jay as Chief Justice.
1789 - The Tammany Hall political organization is founded in New York.
1789 - The first session of the U.S. Congress convenes.
1789 - The first national Thanksgiving Day is celebrated in the U.S.
1789 - Tippu Sultan begins the Third Mysore War against the British in India.
1789 - Washington is inaugurated as the first U.S. president; John Adams becomes vice-president.
1790 - Leopold II succeeds Joseph II as Holy Roman Emperor.
1790 - New England captains extend whaling into the Pacific Ocean about this time.
1790 - Philadelphia replaces New York as the temporary capital of the U.S.
1790 - Sweden and Russia sign a peace treaty.
1790 - The New York Stock Exchange is founded.
1790 - The bolero Spanish dance is introduced about this time.
1790 - Rhode Island becomes the 13th state and the last to ratify the Constitution.
1790 - The first U.S. copyright law is promulgated.
1790 - The first U.S. census places the population at 3.9 million.
1791 - Austria returns Belgrade to the Turks.
1793 - Congress enacts the first Fugitive Slave Act.
1793 - George Washington starts his second term as president; John Adams is vice-president.
1791 - Chinese author Ts'ao Hsueh-ch'in publishes The Dream of the Red Chamber.
1791 - Emperor Joseph II ends the war between Austria and Turkey.
1791 - James Boswell publishes his Life of Samuel Johnson.
1791 - Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette are captured while trying to leave France.
1791 - Marquis de Sade writes the novel Justine from his prison cell.
1791 - Miami Indian chief Little Turtle defeats an American force in Ohio Territory.
1791 - Mozart's opera The Magic Flute is performed for the first time.
1791 - Pierre Charles L'Enfant designs the new U.S. capital of Washington, D.C.
1791 - The Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution) is ratified.
1791 - The First Bank of the United States is founded.
1791 - The Province of Quebec is divided into Upper Canada and Lower Canada.
1791 - Thomas Paine publishes The Rights of Man in defense of the French Revolution.
1791 - Thomas Sheraton publishes The Cabinet Maker and Upholsterer's Drawing Book.
1791 - Toussaint l'Ouverture leads a slave revolt in Haiti against the French.
1791 - Vermont becomes the 14th state of the Union.
1791 - African-American scientist Benjamin Banneker helps survey  District of Columbia boundaries.
1792 - Architect James Hoban wins the competition to design the White House.
1792 - Charles Bulfinch designs the Connecticut State House (now Hartford City Hall).
1792 - France declares war on Austria and Prussia, beginning the French Revolutionary Wars.
1792 - George Washington is reelected as president.
1792 - Denmark becomes the first country to give up the slave trade.
1792 - The first U.S. mint opens in Philadelphia.
1792 - German philosopher Fichte writes an Essay toward a Critique of All Revelations.
1792 - Gustav III of Sweden is assassinated at a masquerade in Stockholm.
1792 - Jefferson leads the Democratic-Republican party in opposition to the Federalists.
1792 - Kentucky becomes the 15th state of the Union.
1792 - Mary Wollstonecraft publishes A Vindication of the Rights of Women.
1792 - New insurrections begin in France; Louis XVI is imprisoned by the Commune of Paris.
1792 - Russia and Prussia invade Poland, which is still recovering from the Partition of 1772.
1792 - Swiss scientist Aime Argand develops a practical oil lamp using a tubular wick.
1792 - The Columbia River is discovered by Boston trader Robert Gray.
1792 - The French Republic adopts the guillotine as a uniform method of execution.
1792 - The French under Dumouriez halt the Prussians and defeat the Austrians at Jemappes.
1792 - The National Convention proclaims France a republic.
1792 - The Treaty of Jasso ends the Russo-Turkish War.
1792 - The dollar is selected as the U.S. unit of currency.
1792 - Thomas Paine publishes the Rights of Man and is outlawed for treason in England.
1793 - Britain, Holland, Spain, and Sardinia form a new anti-French coalition.
1793 - Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin.
1793 - France adopts the metric system of measurement.
1793 - France raises the first national army of conscripts to oppose the Coalition forces.
1793 - French revolutionary Jean Paul Marat is murdered by Charlotte Corday.
1793 - George Washington lays the cornerstone for the Capitol building in Washington, D.C.
1793 - Jean Pierre Blanchard makes the first U.S. balloon flight in Philadelphia.
1793 - Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette are executed; the Reign of Terror begins in France.
1793 - Russia and Prussia seize Polish lands as part of the Second Partition of Poland.
1794 - French engineer Claude Chappe invents the semaphore signaling system.
1794 - Jay's Treaty settles disputes between Britain and the U.S.
1794 - Militia under General Henry Lee suppress the Whiskey Rebellion in Pennsylvania.
1794 - Robespierre's execution ends the Reign of Terror in France; the Thermidorian Reaction begins.
1794 - Tadeusz Kosciuszko leads a revolt of Polish peasants against Russia.
1794 - The British occupy the French island of Corsica for a two-year period.
1794 - The Qajar (Kajar) dynasty is founded in Persia (Iran).
1794 - U.S. forces under Anthony Wayne defeat the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
1795 - American artist Charles Wilson Peale paints the Staircase group.
1795 - Austrian composer Franz Josef Haydn completes the 12 London symphonies.
1795 - France claims the island of Hispaniola.
1795 - Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the insurrectionists in Paris.
1795 - Prussia and Spain sue for peace with France.
1795 - Scottish explorer Mungo Park reaches the Gambia and Niger Rivers.
1795 - Scottish geologist James Hutton publishes his Theory of the Earth.
1795 - Spain recognizes U.S. claims to West Florida (Mississippi).
1795 - Stanislaw II abdicates as the last king of Poland.
1795 - The British capture Cape Province (South Africa) from the Dutch.
1795 - The United States agrees to ransom seamen captured by the Barbary pirates.
1795 - The Constitution of 1795 establishes a Directory to rule France.
1795 - The Methodists separate from the Church of England.
1795 - The final Partition of Poland is made among Russia, Prussia and Austria.
1796 - English physician Edward Jenner develops vaccination against smallpox.
1796 - George Washington gives his farewell address.
1796 - Gilbert Stuart paints a portrait of Washington (used later on the dollar bill).
1796 - John Adams is elected as the 2nd U.S. president.
1796 - Napoleon defeats the Austrian and Sardinian armies in Italy.
1796 - Napoleon marries Josephine, the widow of the vicomte de Beauharnais.
1796 - Napoleon restores Corsica to French rule.
1796 - Samuel Hahnemann publishes his findings on homeopathic treatment.
1796 - Spain sides with France in the war against Britain.
1796 - Tennessee becomes the 16th state of the Union.
1796 - The British seize Ceylon (Sri Lanka) from the Dutch.
1796 - The city of Cleveland is founded.
1797 - Austria cedes the Austrian Netherlands (present-day Belgium) to France.
1797 - David Thompson surveys the Mississippi headwaters for the North West Company.
1797 - Nelson defeats the Spanish fleet at Cape St. Vincent, and the Dutch at Camperdown.
1797 - The British capture the Spanish colony of Trinidad.
1797 - The Directory appoints Talleyrand as minister of foreign affairs for France.
1797 - The Treaty of Campo Formio ends the war of the First Coalition against France.
1797 - The Venetian Republic is dissolved; Venice is ruled by Austria.
1798 - America's first professional author, Charles Brockden Brown, publishes Wieland.
1798 - Britain, Austria, Russia, and Turkey form a Second Coalition against France.
1798 - Economist Thomas Malthus publishes An Essay on the Principle of Population.
1798 - Eli Whitney uses early mass production techniques to manufacture muskets.
1798 - French armies occupy Rome and invade Switzerland, creating the Helvetic Republic.
1798 - Napoleon's army invades Egypt and defeats the Mamelukes at the Battle of the Pyramids.
1798 - The French fleet is destroyed by Nelson at Abukir Bay, cutting off Napoleon's forces in Egypt.
1798 - The U.S. Congress passes the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts.
1798 - The XYZ Affair leads to the Quasi War between France and the U.S.
1798 - The territory of Mississippi becomes part of the United States.
1798 - The U.S. Congress creates the Department of the Navy.
1798 - William Wordsworth publishes Lyrical Ballads with Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
1799 - A 33,000 year-old frozen mammoth is discovered at the Lena River in Russia.
1799 - Britain becomes the first nation to introduce a national income tax.
1799 - City Hotel, the first American structure designed as a hotel, opens in New York.
1799 - Napoleon attacks Syria to prevent a Turkish invasion of Egypt, but is defeated at Acre.
1799 - Napoleon returns to France as first consul; the Consulate replaces the Directory.
1799 - Ranjit Singh establishes a Sikh kingdom in northwest India.
1799 - Russian forces under Suvorov defeat the French in Italy, but are held at Zurich.
1799 - The Rosetta Stone, the key to deciphering hieroglyphics, is discovered in Egypt.
1799 - The Russian-American Company is founded to administer the Alaskan fur trade.
1799 - Tippu Sultan is killed in battle with the British; the Mysore empire is destroyed.
1799 - George Washington dies.
1800 - Black slave Gabriel leads an abortive uprising near Richmond, Virginia.
1800 - France regains Louisiana from Spain under the secret Treaty of San Ildefonso.
1800 - Italian physicist Alessandro Volta invents the first electric battery.
1800 - Jefferson defeats Adams in the U.S. presidential election, but ties with Burr.
1800 - Johnny Appleseed (John Chapman) arrives in the Ohio River valley around this time.
1800 - Madame de Stael publishes The Influence of Literature Upon Society.
1800 - Napoleon commissions Cambaceres to develop the Napoleonic Code of law.
1800 - Napoleon defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo.
1800 - The Library of Congress is founded in Washington D.C.
1800 - The seat of U.S. government is transferred to Washington, D.C.
1800 - The census of 1800 puts the U.S. population at about 5.3 million.
1800 - The U.S. Congress establishes the Library of Congress.
1801 - Alexander I becomes emperor of Russia after the murder of his father Paul I.
1801 - Barbary pirates begin the Tripolitan War; a U.S. squadron sails to the Mediterranean.
1801 -The Act of Union unites Britain and Ireland.
1801 - John Marshall is appointed chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
1801 - Chemists Proust and Berthollet debate the constancy of chemical composition.
1801 - Thomas Jefferson is selected as the 3rd U.S. president; Aaron Burr is vice-president.
1801 - Nelson defeats the Danish fleet at Copenhagen.
1801 - Robert Fulton demonstrates his 3-man submarine the Nautilus.
1801 - The British defeat Napoleon's army of Egypt at Alexandria.
1801 - The Peace of Luneville ends the war between France and Austria.
1801 - The Union Jack becomes the official flag of the United Kingdom.
1801 - Alexander Hamilton founds The New York [Evening] Post.
1802 - Alexander von Humboldt climbs Mt. Chimborazo, setting a world height record.
1802 - American artist Benjamin West paints Death on a Pale Horse.
1802 - Britain returns the island of Minorca to Spain.
1802 - Napoleon is created First Consul for life.
1802 - The French capture Haitian leader Toussaint, but are defeated by Christophe.
1802 - The Treaty of Amiens brings a temporary halt to the French Revolutionary Wars.
1802 - The U.S. Military Academy is founded at West Point, New York.
1803 - Britain declares war on France, beginning the Napoleonic Wars.
1803 - English scientist John Dalton describes his atomic theory.
1803 - The U.S. buys Louisiana from France, doubling the size of the country.
1803 - Matthew Flinders completes the first circumnavigation of Australia.
1803 - Ohio is inaugurated as the l7th state of the Union.
1803 - The Enabling Act permits territories organized under the Ordinance of 1787 to become  states.
1803 - Robert Emmet leads an Irish rebellion in Dublin; he is captured and executed.
1804 - American politician Aaron Burr kills Alexander Hamilton in a duel.
1804 - Dessalines declares Haitian independence and names himself Emperor Jacques I.
1804 - English engineer Richard Trevithick builds the first steam locomotive.
1804 - Francis II assumes the title of emperor of Austria.
1804 - Fulani leader Usman dan Fodio leads a holy war against the Hausa in Nigeria.
1804 - Jefferson is reelected as U.S. president.
1804 - Meriwether Lewis and William Clark begin exploring the American northwest.
1804 - Napoleon crowns himself emperor of France.
1804 - Serbian nationalists revolt against the Turks.
1804 - The Code of Napoleon goes into force.
1804 - Stephen Decatur leads a U.S. Navy skirmish into Tripoli harbor.
1805 - American explorers Lewis and Clark reach the Pacific Ocean.
1805 - Austria sues for peace with France at the Treaty of Pressburg.
1805 - Britain, Austria, Russia, and Sweden form a Third Coalition against France.
1805 - Michigan Territory is carved out of Indiana Territory.
1805 - Jefferson begins his second term as U.S. president; George Clinton is vice-president.
1805 - U.S. Marines capture Derna in Tripoli.
1805 - The war between the U.S. and Tripoli ends.
1805 - Muhammad Ali is appointed Pasha (governor) of Egypt by the Ottoman sultan.
1805 - Nelson defeats the Franco-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar, but is killed during the action.
1805 - The French defeat Austro-Russian forces at the Battle of Austerlitz.
1805 - The Shawnee Prophet, brother of Tecumseh, begins planning an Indian uprising.
1806 - Emperor Jacques I is assassinated; Haiti is divided between Christophe and Petion.
1806 - Napoleon begins the Continental System, closing European ports to British vessels.
1806 - Napoleon forces the abdication of Francis II; the Holy Roman Empire is dissolved.
1806 - Prussia joins the Coalition against France, but is defeated at Jena-Auerstadt.
1806 - Revolutionary leader Francisco de Miranda makes an abortive invasion of Venezuela.
1806 - U.S. explorer Zebulon Pike is sent west to descend the Red River.
1807 - Aaron Burr is tried for treason and acquitted.
1807 - Beethoven completes his Fifth Symphony and begins the Sixth (Pastoral).
1807 - British chemist Humphry Davy discovers the elements potassium and sodium.
1807 - Congress passes the Embargo Act in response to interference with U.S. shipping.
1807 - German philosopher Hegel publishes The Phenomenology of the Spirit.
1807 - Napoleon defeats the Russian armies; Russia and Prussia sue for peace at Tilsit.
1807 - Portugal refuses to observe the blockade against England; France invades Portugal.
1807 - Robert Fulton's steamship the Clermont makes its maiden voyage.
1807 - The Janissaries depose Sultan Selim III and place Mustafa IV on the Ottoman throne.
1807 - The U.S. frigate Chesapeake is involved in an incident with a British man-of-war.
1807 - The slave trade is outlawed throughout the British Empire.
1808 - Francisco de Goya paints The Third of May, depicting the cruelty of war.
1808 - French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac isolates the element boron.
1808 - Japanese artist Buncho paints True View of Mount Hiko.
1808 - John Jacob Astor founds the American Fur Company.
1808 - Napoleon appoints his brother Joseph as king of Spain.
1808 - The British under Wellington aid Portugal against France in the Peninsular War.
1808 - James Madison defeats Charles Pinckney in U.S. presidential elections.
1808 - The further importation of slaves into the United States is banned.
1809 - Frenchman Nicolas Appert develops the first effective method for canning food.
1809 - German artists Overbeck and Pforr found the Nazarenes.
1809 - John Stevens' steamboat the Phoenix makes the first ocean-going voyage.
1809 - Lamarck publishes his theories of evolution in Zoological Philosophy.
1809 - Washington Irving's History of New York is published.
1809 - The Territory of Illinois is established.
1809 - Metternich draws Austria into the War of the Fifth Coalition against France.
1809 - Napoleon annexes the Papal States and takes Pope Pius VII prisoner.
1809 - Russia seizes Finland from Sweden; King Gustav IV Adolf abdicates.
1809 - James Madison is inaugurated as the 4th U.S. president; George Clinton is vice-president.
1809 - The French defeat the Austrians at Wagram; Francis II accepts the Treaty of Schonbrunn.
1810 - A rebellion against Spain breaks out in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
1810 - American settlers rebel against the Spanish in West Florida.
1810 - Kamehameha I becomes ruler of Hawaii and establishes the Kamehameha dynasty.
1810 - Mexican priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla leads a rebellion against Spanish rule.
1810 - The Krupp arms factory is established at Essen in Germany.
1810 - Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese army holds the French on the outskirts of Lisbon.
1810 - Prussia abolishes serfdom.
1811 - Bolivar and Miranda lead the Venezuelan congress in a declaration of independence.
1811 - George III becomes mentally unstable; the Prince of Wales assumes power as regent.
1811 - Henri Christophe declares himself king of northern Haiti.
1811 - Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro develops the concept known as Avogadro's law.
1811 - Jose Artigas raises a force to expel the Spanish from the Banda Oriental (Uruguay).
1811 - Mexican rebel leader Hidalgo y Costilla is captured and executed.
1811 - The building of the Cumberland, or National Road, the first U.S. federal highway, begins in Maryland.
1811 - The first rowing race in the United States is held in New York.
1811 - The ruling Mameluke aristocracy is massacred in Cairo by Muhammad Ali.
1811 - William Henry Harrison defeats the Shawnee Indians at the Battle of Tippecanoe.
1811 - Paraguay declares its independence from Spain.
1812 - An earthquake destroys Caracas in Venezuela, killing 12,000.
1812 - English caricaturist Thomas Rowlandson illustrates the Tour of Dr. Syntax.
1812 - General William Hull surrenders Detroit to the British.
1812 - Georges Cuvier develops his theory of catastrophism through the study of fossils.
1812 - Grimm's Fairy Tales are published in Germany.
1812 - Louisiana becomes the 18th state of the Union.
1812 - Napoleon invades Russia with 450,000 men.
1812 - Napoleon's army retreats from Moscow; only 40,000 men reach France.
1812 - Rebel leader Morelos y Pavon defeats the Mexican royalist forces at Oaxaca.
1812 - Spanish forces defeat Bolivar and Miranda in Venezuela; Miranda is imprisoned.
1812 - Stephen Decatur's frigate United States defeats the British frigate Macedonian.
1812 - Territorial and shipping disputes lead to the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Britain.
1812 - The French defeat the Russians at Borodino; Napoleon occupies Moscow.
1812 - The U.S. Navy frigate Constitution defeats 2 British frigates.
1812 - James Madison defeats DeWitt Clinton to win reelection as president.
1812 - The ancient city of Petra (now in present-day Jordan) is rediscovered by Jakob Burckhardt.
1812 - Wellington defeats the French at the Battle of Salamanca in Spain.
1813 - English novelist Jane Austen publishes Pride and Prejudice.
1813 - James Wilkinson captures a fort at Mobile, the last Spanish possession in West Florida.
1813 - President James Madison begins his second term; Elbridge Gerry is vice-president.
1813 - American forces capture York (present-day Toronto) and burn government buildings.
1813 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Leipzig by the Sixth Coalition.
1813 - Oliver Hazard Perry's ships destroy the British fleet on Lake Erie.
1813 - Pro-British Indian leader Tecumseh is killed in the Battle of the Thames.
1813 - "Uncle Sam," the symbol of the United States, is used for the first time.
1813 - Rebel forces invade Venezuela and capture Caracas; Bolivar is declared the Liberator.
1813 - Wellington defeats the French in Spain at Vitoria and invades southern France.
1813 - William Henry Harrison defeats the British at the Battle of the Thames.
1814 - Andrew Jackson annihilates the Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in Indiana.
1814 - British forces burn Washington, D.C.
1814 - The Congress of Vienna convenes.
1814 - Coalition armies invade France; Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to the island of Elba.
1814 - French artist Ingres paints The Grand Odalisque.
1814 - George Stephenson constructs his first steam locomotive.
1814 - Louis XVIII assumes the French throne.
1814 - The Kingdom of the Netherlands is created.
1814 - New England states discuss their secession from the Union at the Hartford Convention.
1814 - Pope Pius VII returns to Rome; the Jesuit order is reestablished.
1814 - The Treaty of Ghent ends the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Britain.
1814 - U.S. forces under Thomas Macdonough destroy the British fleet on Lake Champlain.
1814 - The British are repulsed at Baltimore's Fort McHenry.
1814 - Francis Scott Key writes The Star-Spangled Banner.
1815 - Napoleon escapes from Elba and marches on Paris during the Hundred Days.
1815 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo; he is exiled to the island of Saint Helena.
1815 - The Americans defeat the British at New Orleans before news of peace arrives.
1815 - The Barbary States sue for peace with the U.S.
1815 - Switzerland regains its independence.
1815 - The Spanish army reconquers Venezuela; Bolivar flees to Jamaica.
1815 - The Spanish capture and execute the Mexican rebel leader Morelos y Pavon.
1815 - The first Gurkha regiment is formed by the British army.
1816 - Gioacchino Rossini's opera The Barber of Seville is performed in Rome.
1816 - Indonesia effectively becomes a colony of the Netherlands.
1816 - Indiana becomes the 19th state of the Union.
1816 - Nepal is made a protectorate of British India.
1816 - Shaka begins establishing the Zulu empire in South Africa.
1816 - The British Museum buys the Elgin Marbles (smuggled from Greece by Lord Elgin).
1816 - The United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata (Argentina) declare independence from Spain.
1816 - James Monroe defeats Rufus King in the U.S. presidential election.
1816 - The African Methodist Church becomes the first African-American church in the U.S.
1817 - Construction of the Erie Canal begins in New York State.
1817 - The Rush-Bagot Treaty limits the number of U.S. and British ships on the Great Lakes.
1817 - Andrew Jackson commands U.S. troops in the First Seminole War.
1817 - French physician Rene Laennec invents the stethoscope.
1817 - Jose de San Martin and Bernardo O'Higgins defeat the Spanish in Chile.
1817 - Mississippi becomes the 20th state of the Union.
1817 - Monroe is inaugurated as the 5th U.S. president; Daniel Tompkins is vice-president.
1817 - Sir Walter Scott writes the Scottish adventure novel Rob Roy.
1818 - Arthur Schopenhauer publishes The World as Will and Representation.
1818 - Andrew Jackson captures the Spanish post of Pensacola; the First Seminole War ends.
1818 - Chile proclaims its independence; Bernardo O'Higgins is the supreme director.
1818 - Composer Franz Schubert becomes the music teacher to Count Esterhazy's family.
1815 - English chemist Sir Humphry Davy invents the miner's safety lamp.
1818 - Illinois becomes the 21st state of the Union.
1818 - Mary Wollstonecroft Shelley publishes the horror novel Frankenstein.
1818 - Scottish explorer John Ross sails in search of the Northwest Passage.
1819 - Alabama becomes the 22nd state of the Union.
1819 - Bolivar defeats the Spanish in Colombia at the Battle of Boyaca.
1819 - Lord Byron begins his satirical poem Don Juan.
1819 - Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles acquires Singapore for the East India Company.
1819 - Spain surrenders East and West Florida to the U.S. in the Adams-Onis Treaty.
1819 - The Prado Museum is inaugurated in Madrid.
1819 - The Savannah becomes the first steamship to cross the Atlantic.
1820 - English poet John Keats writes Ode To a Nightingale.
1820 - English poet Percy Bysshe Shelley writes Prometheus Unbound.
1820 - French navigator Dumont d'Urville discovers the Venus de Milo on the island of Melos.
1820 - French poet Alphonse de Lamartine publishes Meditations Poetiques.
1820 - Henri Christophe commits suicide; Haiti is united under Jean Pierre Boyer.
1820 - Juan Manuel de Rosas becomes the virtual dictator of Argentina.
1820 - Maine becomes the 23rd state of the Union.
1820 - Russian Admiral Fabian von Bellingshausen sights land in the Antarctic.
1820 - Stephen H. Long explores the Rocky Mountain region.
1820 - The Missouri Compromise approves Missouri's admission to the Union as a slave state.
1820 - The Prince Regent becomes King George IV on the death of George III.
1820 - The first American missionaries are admitted to Hawaii.
1820 - The first free American slaves to be resettled in Africa land in Liberia.
1820 - U.S. Navy hero Stephen Decatur is killed in a duel.
1820 - Washington Irving publishes Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.
1820 - Walter Scott writes Ivanhoe.
1820 - President James Monroe defeats John Quincy Adams to win reelection.
1821 - American captain John Davis is the first to land on the continent of Antarctica.
1821 - Bolivar forms Gran Colombia (Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama).
1821 - The Central American Federation declares its independence from Spain but is annexed by Mexico.
1821 - San Felipe de Austin, the first permanent American settlement in Texas, is established.
1821 - Brazil annexes the Banda Oriental (Uruguay).
1821 - English landscape artist John Constable paints The Hay Wain.
1821 - King John VI is reinstated on the Portuguese throne.
1821 - Missouri becomes the 24th state of the Union.
1821 - Napoleon dies on Saint Helena.
1821 - Revolutionary general San Martin enters Lima and declares Peru independent.
1821 - Revolutionary leader Iturbide declares Mexican independence from Spain.
1821 - President James Monroe begins his second term; Daniel Tompkins is vice-president.
1821 - Simon Bolivar defeats the Spanish forces in Venezuela and Ecuador.
1821 - The Cherokee Indian Sequoya develops the Cherokee written language.
1821 - The Greek War of Independence begins against Turkey.
1821 - Thomas de Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium Eater is published.
1822 - American surgeon William Beaumont begins his study of the gastric process.
1822 - Antonio Jose de Sucre defeats the Spanish in Ecuador at the Battle of Pichincha.
1822 - Denmark Vesey leads a slave revolt in Charleston; 35 blacks are executed.
1822 - Dom Pedro, son of Portuguese King John VI, declares Brazil independent.
1822 - Egyptian leader Muhammad Ali completes the conquest of northern Sudan.
1822 - French scholar Jean Francois Champollion deciphers the Rosetta Stone hieroglyphics.
1823 - Charles Babbage begins work on his difference engine, a precursor of the computer.
1823 - Charles Lamb publishes his Essays of Elia in The London Magazine.
1823 - Charles Macintosh patents the waterproof fabric used in mackintosh raincoats.
1823 - General Santa Anna leads a coup against Mexican Emperor Agustin I (Iturbide).
1823 - James Fenimore Cooper publishes the first volume of The Leatherstocking Tales.
1823 - Japanese artist Hokusai begins a series of Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji.
1823 - Ludwig van Beethoven completes his 9th Symphony.
1823 - Rugby football originates at Rugby School in England.
1823 - The Monroe Doctrine warns Europe not to interfere in the Americas.
1824 - De Sucre and Bolivar defeat the Spanish and liberate Peru.
1824 - Disputes over the border of India lead to war between Britain and Burma.
1824 - English poet Lord Byron travels to Greece to aid the patriots but dies of a fever.
1824 - Jons Jakob Berzelius discovers the element silicon about this time.
1824 - Sadi Carnot lays the foundations for the second law of thermodynamics.
1824 - The Ashanti begin a war of resistance against Britain in the Gold Coast (Ghana).
1824 - The National Gallery is founded in London.
1825 - John Quincy Adams is inaugurated as the 6th U.S. president; John C. Calhoun is vice-president.
1825 - American painter Thomas Cole founds the Hudson River School about this time.
1825 - Kappa Alpha, the first social fraternity, is formed at Union College, New York.
1825 - Mountain man James Bridger discovers the Great Salt Lake.
1825 - Nicholas I is made emperor of Russia; the Decembrists revolt breaks out.
1825 - The Central American Federation declares its independence from Mexico.
1825 - Uruguayan leader Lavalleja precipitates a war between Brazil and Argentina.
1825 - Welsh reformer Robert Owen founds a community at New Harmony, Indiana.
1825 - The Erie Canal, linking the Great Lakes with New York City, is completed.
1825 - Bolivia declares its independence from Spain.
1826 - American engineer John Stevens builds the first U.S. steam locomotive.
1826 - Andre Ampere publishes his Theory of Electrodynamic Phenomenon.
1826 - Felix Mendelssohn composes his overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream at age 17.
1826 - German poet Heine begins the publication of Reisebilder (Travel Pictures).
1826 - Ohm's law establishes the relationship of electrical voltage, current and resistance.
1826 - Revolutionary leader Antonio Jose de Sucre is elected first president of Bolivia.
1826 - James Fenimore Cooper publishes The Last of the Mohicans.
1827 - American frontiersman Davy Crockett is elected to Congress.
1815 - The Congress of Vienna establishes the German Confederation.
1815 - The Kingdom of Poland is established under Russian rule.
1827 - Britain, France, and Russia demand that Turkey ends the war with Greece.
1827 - English inventor John Walker introduces the first friction matches.
1827 - French landscape artist Camille Corot paints the Bridge at Narni.
1827 - Mountain man Jedediah Smith pioneers an overland route to California.
1827 - Ornithologist John James Audubon begins the publication of his Birds of America.
1827 - The Allied navies destroy the Turkish and Egyptian fleet at Navarino in Greece.
1828 - Composer Frederic Chopin begins concert tours at age 18.
1828 - Lavalleja's Thirty-three Immortals achieve Uruguayan independence from Brazil.
1828 - Noah Webster publishes his American Dictionary of the English Language.
1828 - The Duke of Wellington becomes prime minister of Britain.
1828 - Virtuoso violin player Niccolo Paganini performs in Vienna.
1828 - Andrew Jackson defeats John Quincy Adams in the U.S. presidential election.
1829 - Andrew Jackson is inaugurated as the 7th U.S. president; John C. Calhoun continues as vice-president.
1829 - The Indian custom of suttee (the burning of widows) is banned.
1829 - Louis Braille publishes his braille system of writing for the blind.
1829 - Serbia becomes an autonomous principality under Prince Milos.
1829 - The first U.S. encyclopedia, the Encyclopedia Americana, is begun.
1830 - Belgium asserts its independence from the Netherlands.
1830 - British geologist Charles Lyell begins publishing his Principles of Geology.
1830 - Fructuoso Rivera is elected as first president of Uruguay.
1830 - George Catlin begins his paintings of North American Indians about this time.
1830 - Greece becomes independent from Turkey.
1830 - Hector Berlioz composes his first major work the Symphonie Fantastique.
1830 - Joseph Smith founds the Mormon church at Fayette, New York.
1830 - Louis Philippe is chosen as the citizen king of France.
1830 - Philipon publishes the satirical weekly La Caricature, with contributions by Daumier.
1830 - Polish rebellions are suppressed by Russia.
1830 - Simon Bolivar resigns as dictator of Gran Colombia; he dies later in the year.
1830 - The Indian Removal Act is passed to move the southeastern tribes to Indian Territory.
1830 - The July Revolution in France forces the abdication of Charles X.
1830 - Godey's Lady's Book, the first successful American women's magazine,  is published.
1830 - The locomotive Best Friend of Charleston is in use on the first U.S. railroad.
1830 - William IV succeeds George IV as king of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
1830 - French forces invade and take control of Algeria.
1830 - Venezuela becomes independent of Gran Colombia.
1830 - Peter Cooper's Tom Thumb is the first practical locomotive built in the U.S.
1831 - British naturalist Charles Darwin sails to South America aboard H.M.S. Beagle.
1831 - Cyrus McCormick invents a mechanical reaper.
1831 - Explorer James Clark Ross determines the position of the north magnetic pole.
1831 - Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini founds the Young Italy movement.
1831 - Jose Antonio Paez becomes the first president of Venezuela.
1831 - King Louis Philippe founds the French foreign legion.
1831 - Leopold I is selected as the first king of Belgium.
1831 - Michael Faraday demonstrates his theory of electromagnetic induction.
1831 - Nat Turner leads a black slave revolt in Virginia; he is captured and hanged.
1831 - Russian poet Aleksandr Pushkin completes his masterpiece Eugene Onegin.
1831 - The crown colony of British Guiana (Guyana) is formed.
1831 - William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing the abolitionist newspaper the Liberator.
1832 - George Sand (Aurore Dudevant) publishes her first novel Indiana.
1832 - Japanese artist Hiroshige begins work on Fifty-three Stages of the Tokaido.
1832 - The Black Hawk War is the last major Indian conflict east of the Mississippi River.
1832 - The Democratic party is formally established as a national organization.
1832 - President Andrew Jackson defeats Henry Clay to win reelection.
1832 - The world's first horsedrawn streetcar begins operating in New York City.
1833 - A Bavarian prince becomes King Otto of Greece.
1833 - Britain occupies the Falkland Islands.
1833 - Carl von Clausewitz's classic study of warfare, On War, is published.
1833 - General Santa Anna becomes president of Mexico.
1833 - Isabella II succeeds Ferdinand VII, King of Spain; the Carlist Wars begin.
1833 - President Jackson withdraws federal deposits from the Bank of the United States.
1833 - The American Anti-Slavery Society is inaugurated in Philadelphia.
1833 - Victor Hugo's novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame is published in English.
1833 - President Andrew Jackson begins his second term; Martin Van Buren is vice-president.
1834 - A Quadruple Alliance is formed to aid Isabella II of Spain and Maria II of Portugal.
1834 - American inventor Jacob Perkins patents the first practical ice-making machine.
1834 - British politician Sir Robert Peel founds the Conservative party.
1834 - The Carlist Wars resume in Spain.
1834 - The Hansom cab is designed; it becomes the standard horse-drawn cab in London.
1834 - The Whig party is formed to oppose Andrew Jackson and the Democratic party.
1834 - Congress establishes the Department of Indian Affairs.
1834 - The Spanish Inquisition, begun in 1478, is formally ended.
1835 - American settlers begin the Texas Revolution against Mexican rule.
1835 - Attempts to move the Seminole Indians begins the Second Seminole War.
1835 - Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen publishes Tales Told for Children.
1835 - French politician Alexis de Tocqueville publishes Democracy in America.
1835 - James Gordon Bennett founds the New York Herald newspaper.
1836 - American educator William Holmes McGuffey begins editing his Readers.
1836 - American inventor Samuel Colt begins manufacturing the first revolver.
1836 - American literary figure Ralph Waldo Emerson founds the Transcendental Club.
1836 - Arkansas becomes the 25th state of the Union.
1836 - Boer (Afrikaner) settlers begin the Great Trek into the South African interior.
1836 - Bolivian president Santa Cruz invades Peru and forms the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.
1836 - Charles Dickens publishes his first popular work The Pickwick Papers.
1836 - John C. Calhoun supports the gag rules to prevent Congress debating slavery.
1836 - Sam Houston becomes president of the Republic of Texas.
1836 -  Martin Van Buren defeats William Henry Harrison in the U.S. presidential election.
1836 - Russian author Nikolai Gogol writes his play The Inspector General.
1836 - Santa Anna's army storms the Alamo in Texas, killing the defenders.
1836 - American settlers in Texas declare their independence from Mexico.
1836 - Texans under Sam Houston defeat Santa Anna at the San Jacinto River.
1836 - The Arc de Triomphe, the world's largest triumphal arch, is completed in Paris.
1837 - Britain's refusal to grant more home rule in Canada leads to the Rebellions of 1837.
1837 - British scientist Charles Wheatstone designs an electric telegraph system.
1837 - Louis Daguerre invents the daguerreotype method for taking permanent photographs.
1837 - Michigan becomes the 26th state of the Union.
1837 - Mikhail Lermontov writes the Death of a Poet, inspired by the death of Pushkin.
1837 - Russian poet Aleksandr Pushkin is killed in a duel.
1837 - Scottish historian Thomas Carlyle publishes The French Revolution.
1837 - Seminole Indian leader Osceola is captured.
1837 - Martin Van Buren is inaugurated as the 8th U.S. president; Richard Johnson is vice-president.
1837 - William IV dies; Victoria succeeds him as Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
1837 - The Texas Rangers are founded.
1838 - Boer (Afrikaner) leader Andries Pretorius defeats the Zulus at the Battle of Blood River.
1838 - British artist Joseph Mallord William Turner paints the Fighting Temeraire.
1838 - Charles Wilkes heads a U.S. Navy expedition to Antarctica.
1838 - French philosopher Auguste Comte inaugurates the science of sociology.
1838 - John Deere develops a steel-tipped plow capable of turning heavy prairie soil.
1838 - Samuel F.B. Morse develops the Morse code for electric telegraph systems.
1838 - Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick Macmillan makes the first pedal-driven bicycle.
1838 - Transatlantic steamship service begins.
1838 - Charles Dickens publishes Oliver Twist.
1838 - Some 4,000 Cherokee Indians die on the Trail of Tears between Georgia and Oklahoma.
1839 - American inventor Charles Goodyear develops the vulcanization of rubber.
1839 - Chile defeats Santa Cruz's Peru-Bolivian Confederation at the Battle of Yungay.
1839 - French novelist Stendhal writes The Charterhouse of Parma.
1839 - Hungarian composer and pianist Franz Liszt embarks on a concert tour of Europe.
1839 - Jose Rafael Carrera captures Guatemala; the Central American Federation is dissolved.
1839 - Stephens and Catherwood explore Maya ruins in the Yucatan.
1839 - The Anglo-Afghan Wars begin in Afghanistan.
1839 - The Opium Wars begin between Britain and China.
1839 - John Sutter establishes a Swiss colony on the site of present-day Sacramento, California.
1839 - Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden formulate the cell theory.
1840 - Civil War breaks out in Uruguay between the Colorados (reds) and Blancos (whites).
1840 - French philosopher and anarchist Pierre Joseph Proudhon writes What is Property.
1840 - Maori chiefs sign over their tribal lands to Queen Victoria in the Treaty of Waitangi.
1840 - Queen Victoria marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg.
1840 - Swiss-American naturalist Louis Agassiz postulates his theory of ice ages.
1840 - The Liberty party is founded in Albany, N.Y., based exclusively on an antislavery platform.
1840 - The Underground Railroad is active in helping escaping slaves in the U.S.
1840 - The first adhesive postage stamp, the Penny Black, is issued in London.
1840 - Upper and Lower Canada are united in the single Province of Canada.
1840 - Charles Wilkes sights Antarctica.
1841 - Edgar Allan Poe writes an early detective story The Murders in the Rue Morgue.
1841 - Harrison is inaugurated as the 9th U.S. president; John Tyler becomes vice-president.
1841 - Horace Greeley founds the New York Tribune newspaper.
1841 - Italian ballerina Carlotta Grisi creates the role of Giselle.
1841 - Muhammad Ali defeats the Ottomans and becomes the hereditary ruler of Egypt.
1841 - New Zealand is established as a separate British colony.
1841 - President Harrison dies; John Tyler is inaugurated as the 10th U.S. president
1841 - William Henry Talbot patents the calotype photographic process.
1841 - Ralph Waldo Emerson publishes his first collection of Essays.
1842 - American explorer John C. Fremont begins surveying the Oregon Trail.
1842 - American showman P.T. Barnum discovers the 40-inch midget Tom Thumb.
1842 - Austrian physicist Christian Johann Doppler predicts the Doppler effect.
1842 - China cedes Hong Kong to Britain.
1842 - China is defeated in the first Opium War; Chinese ports are opened to British trade.
1842 - Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti writes his opera Don Pasquale.
1842 - The Webster-Asburton Treaty establishes the border between Maine and Canada.
1842 - Nikolai Gogol publishes Dead Souls
1843 - A coup in Greece forces King Otto to accept a constitutional monarchy.
1843 - African-American Sojourner Truth begins her reform mission.
1843 - Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard publishes Either/Or.
1843 - English art critic John Ruskin begins publishing Modern Painters.
1843 - German astronomer Samuel Schwabe discovers the sunspot cycle.
1843 - The Second Seminole War ends in Florida.
1843 - Thousands of settlers begin to make  their way west on the Oregon Trail.
1844 - Eastern Hispaniola declares independence from Haiti as the Dominican Republic.
1844 - French author Alexandre Dumas (Dumas pere) publishes The Three Musketeers.
1844 - Joseph Smith, founder of the Mormons, is killed by a lynch mob.
1844 - Samuel F.B. Morse establishes the first U.S. telegraph link.
1844 - The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is founded in England.
1844 - William Henry Talbot begins his Pencil of Nature, the first book of photographs.
1844 - James K. Polk defeats Henry Clay in the U.S. presidential election.
1845 - American author Margaret Fuller publishes Women in the Nineteenth Century.
1845 - British archaeologist Austen Layard excavates the sites of Nimrud and Nineveh.
1840 - William Henry Harrison defeats Martin Van Buren in the U.S. presidential election.
1845 - Civil War ends in Peru; Castilla Ramon is elected as president.
1845 - Failure of the potato crop leads to a famine in Ireland.
1845 - Florida becomes the 27th state of the Union.
1845 - German composer Robert Schumann writes his Piano Concerto in A minor.
1845 - German scientist Alexander von Humboldt publishes the first volume of his Kosmos.
1845 - James K. Polk is inaugurated as the 11th U.S. president; George Dallas is vice-president.
1845 - Sir John Franklin leads an ill-fated expedition in search of the Northwest Passage.
1845 - The Republic of Texas is annexed by the U.S.; it becomes the 28th state of the Union.
1845 - The Sikh Wars begin in British India.
1845 - The first clipper ship, the Rainbow, is built in New York.
1845 - The term Manifest Destiny is first used in defense of U.S. territorial ambitions.
1845 - The U.S. Naval Academy opens at Annapolis, Maryland.
1845 - Alexandre Dumas publishes The Count of Monte Cristo.
1846 - Adolphe Sax patents the saxophone in Paris.
1846 - American dentist William Morton extracts a tooth using ether as an anesthetic.
1846 - German astronomer Johann Galle makes the first observation of the planet Neptune.
1846 - German philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach publishes The Essence of Religion.
1846 - Henry Creswicke Rawlinson deciphers the Mesopotamian cuneiform script.
1846 - The Christy Minstrels begin performing in New York.
1846 - The Mexican War begins over the U.S. annexation of Texas.
1846 - Californians start the Black Bear revolt and proclaim their independence from Mexico.
1846 - The Mexican government collapses; Santa Anna is reelected as president.
1846 - The Smithsonian Institution is created by Congress.
1846 - The border between the U.S. and Canada is established, settling the Oregon Question.
1846 - The United States annexes California.
1846 - Iowa becomes the 29th state of the Union.
1846 - U.S. forces under Stephen Watts Kearny occupy New Mexico.
1846 - U.S. forces under Zachary Taylor defeat the Mexicans at Palo Alto and Monterrey.
1846 - Writer and artist Edward Lear publishes A Book of Nonsense.
1846 - Alexander Cartwright codifies the rules of baseball.
1847 - American missionary Marcus Whitman is killed by Cayuse Indians in Oregon.
1847 - American oceanographer Matthew Maury publishes his first Wind and Current Charts.
1847 - Charlotte Bronte publishes Jane Eyre; Emily Bronte publishes Wuthering Heights.
1847 - English novelist William Makepeace Thackeray begins Vanity Fair.
1847 - Honore de Balzac completes La Comedie humaine, a collection of over 100 novels.
1847 - Italian statesman Cavour founds the liberal newspaper Il Risorgimento (resurgence).
1847 - Maria Mitchell, the first woman astronomer in America, discovers a new comet.
1847 - Scott enters Mexico City after a series of battles; Mexico sues for peace.
1847 - Taylor defeats Santa Anna's Mexican army at the Battle of Buena Vista.
1847 - The African slave colony of Liberia is declared independent.
1847 - The American Medical Association is founded.
1847 - The Mormons under Brigham Young found Salt Lake City.
1847 - The U.S. post office begins using adhesive postage stamps.
1847 - Escaped slave Frederick Douglass begins publishing the abolitionist newspaper North Star.
1847 - U.S. forces under Stockton, Fremont, and Kearny occupy California.
1847 - U.S. forces under Winfield Scott land at Veracruz and advance on Mexico City.
1848 - A Czech uprising under Frantisek Palacky is suppressed by Austria.
1848 - American engineer James Bogardus begins using cast-iron for building construction.
1848 - Ferdinand I abdicates; Francis Joseph becomes Emperor of Austria.
1848 - Zachary Taylor defeats Martin Van Buren in the U.S. presidential election.
1848 - French Barbizon artist Theodore Rousseau paints the Forest at Fontainebleau.
1848 - French author Alexandre Dumas (Dumas fils) publishes his novel Camille.
1848 - Holman Hunt, Millais, and Rossetti form the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in Britain.
1848 - Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish the Communist Manifesto.
1848 - Louis Philippe abdicates; a Second Republic is declared in France.
1848 - Risorgimento leader Garibaldi returns to Italy to fight in the war of independence.
1848 - Scottish physicist William Thomson Kelvin proposes an absolute temperature scale.
1848 - Large-scale German migration to the United States begins.
1848 - Britain annexes the Orange Free State.
1848 - The Austrian revolution begins in Vienna; chancellor Metternich resigns.
1848 - The Revolutions of 1848 break out in Europe.
1848 - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the Mexican War.
1848 - The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill begins the California gold rush.
1848 - The first U.S. women's rights assembly meets at the Seneca Falls Convention.
1848 - Uprisings in Berlin force Frederick William IV to summon a constitutional assembly.
1848 - Wisconsin becomes the 30th state of the Union.
1849 - Amelia Bloomer publicizes bloomers (baggy trousers for women) in the Lily magazine.
1849 - Austrian forces crush the Italian revolution; Mazzini and Garibaldi flee from Italy.
1849 - Austrian premier Felix Schwarzenberg uses the Russian army to defeat the Hungarians.
1849 - Thousands of "Forty-Niners" flock to the California gold fields.
1849 - African-American slave Harriet Tubman escapes and begins her Underground Railway work.
1849 - Elizabeth Blackwell becomes the first American woman to obtain a medical degree.
1849 - French physicist Armand Fizeau measures the velocity of light.
1849 - Lajos Kossuth declares Hungarian independence from Austria.
1849 - Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin is deported to Siberia.
1849 - Zachary Taylor is inaugurated as the 12th U.S. president; Millard Fillmore is vice-president.
1850 - Allan Pinkerton founds the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.
1850 - American author Nathaniel Hawthorne writes The Scarlet Letter.
1850 - American popular songwriter Stephen Foster publishes Camptown Races.
1850 - California is inaugurated as the 31st state of the Union.
1850 - Congress reinforces the Fugitive Slave Law for the return of escaped slaves.
1850 - The first national women's rights conference is held in Worcester, Massachusetts.
1850 - Elizabeth Barrett Browning publishes her Sonnets From the Portuguese.
1850 - English author Charles Dickens writes David Copperfield.
1850 - French realist artist Gustave Courbet paints The Stone Breakers.
1850 - Jenny Lind, the Swedish nightingale, begins her U.S. tour.
1850 - Photographer Mathew Brady publishes The Gallery of Illustrious Americans.
1850 - President Taylor dies; Millard Fillmore is inaugurated as the 13th U.S. president.
1850 - The Compromise of 1850 establishes California as a non-slavery state.
1850 - The Taiping Rebellion breaks out in China against the Ch'ing dynasty.
1850 - The first issue of Harper's magazine is published.
1851 - American author Herman Melville publishes Moby-Dick.
1851 - Giuseppe Verdi's opera Rigoletto is produced in Venice.
1851 - Harriet Beecher Stowe begins publishing Uncle Tom's Cabin.
1851 - Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones found the New York Times.
1851 - Isaac Merrit Singer invents the first practical sewing machine.
1851 - Jacob Fussell begins making ice cream in commercial quantities in Baltimore.
1851 - Mongkut (Rama IV) becomes king of Siam (Thailand).
1851 - The Crystal Palace is built in London to house the Great Exhibition.
1851 - The U.S. yacht America defeats 17 British yachts in the first America's Cup contest.
1851 - The first college sorority is established at Wesleyan College, Georgia.
1851 - The city of Seattle is founded in Oregon Territory.
1851 - Reuters News Service is established.
1852 - Argentinean dictator Rosas is defeated by forces under Urquiza at Monte Caseros.
1852 - Britain gains control of the Irrawaddy delta after the second Anglo-Burma War.
1852 - The Grimms begin publication of their Deutsches Worterbuch (German Dictionary).
1852 - The Second Empire begins in France under Napoleon III.
1852 - Wells Fargo & Co. is founded.
1852 - Franklin Pierce defeats Winfield Scott in the U.S. presidential election.
1853 - A U.S. naval squadron under Matthew Perry enters Tokyo Bay to negotiate a treaty.
1853 - Chinese rebels capture Nanking and make it the capital of the Taiping kingdom.
1853 - Franklin Pierce is inaugurated as the 14th U.S. president; William King is vice-president.
1853 - General Santa Anna becomes dictator of Mexico for the last time.
1853 - Georges Haussmann begins the reconstruction of Paris.
1853 - Napoleon III marries the Empress Eugenie.
1853 - Richard Wagner begins his cycle of four operas The Ring of The Nibelung.
1853 - Russia occupies the Turkish principalities of Moldavia and Walachia.
1853 - The U.S. adds land to New Mexico and Arizona with the Gadsden Purchase.
1853 - Turkey issues an ultimatum to Russia; the Russians destroy the Turkish fleet at Sinope.
1854 - A commercial treaty is signed between the U.S. and Japan, ending Japanese isolation.
1854 - American writer and naturalist Henry David Thoreau publishes Walden.
1854 - An Anglo-French-Turkish expeditionary force lands at Sevastopol in the Crimea.
1854 - Britain and France declare war on Russia, beginning the Crimean War.
1854 - Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary.
1854 - Pre-Raphaelite artist Holman Hunt paints The Scapegoat.
1854 - The Allied armies defeat the Russians at the Battle of Inkerman.
1854 - The British grant independence to the Orange Free State in South Africa.
1854 - The Charge of the Light Brigade is made by the British during the Battle of Balaklava.
1854 - The Kansas-Nebraska Act reopens the controversy over the spread of slavery.
1854 - The Republican party is formed after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
1855 - British photographer Roger Fenton documents the Crimean War.
1855 - Florence Nightingale reforms hygienic standards in Crimean hospitals.
1855 - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow publishes The Songs of Hiawatha.
1855 - Lord Palmerston becomes prime minister of Great Britain for the first time.
1855 - Matthew Fontaine Maury publishes The Physical Geography of the Sea.
1855 - Mexican dictator Santa Anna is overthrown.
1855 - Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia dies; he is succeeded by his son Alexander II.
1855 - Robert Browning publishes his poetry collection Men and Women.
1855 - Scottish explorer David Livingstone discovers the Victoria Falls in Africa.
1855 - The Allies occupy the Russian fortress at Sevastopol in the Crimea.
1855 - The first formal ice hockey game is played in Kingston, Ontario.
1855 - Walt Whitman publishes his first book of poetry, the Leaves of Grass.
1855 - The Sault Sainte Marie River Ship Canal links Lakes Huron and Superior.
1856 - A new Opium War begins between China, Britain, and France.
1856 - English chemist William Perkin discovers synthetic dyes.
1856 - The Treaty of Paris ends the Crimean War.
1856 - The first Neanderthaler (prehistoric human) skeleton is discovered in Germany.
1856 - Victor Hugo writes Les Miserables during his exile from France.
1856 - Pro- and anti-slave forces battle in Kansas.
1856 - The Western Union Telegraph Company is founded.
1856 - James Buchanan defeats John Fremont in the U.S. presidential election.
1857 - Buchanan is inaugurated as the 15th U.S. president; John Breckinridge is vice-president.
1857 - The Supreme Court's Dred Scott Decision called unconstitutional Congress's banning of slavery in U.S. territories.
1857 - Disputes between Mormons and non-Mormon settlers leads to the Utah War.
1857 - Elisha Graves Otis installs the first passenger elevator in a New York City store.
1857 - English author Thomas Hughes publishes Tom Brown's Schooldays.
1857 - French novelist Gustave Flaubert publishes Madame Bovary.
1857 - French poet Baudelaire publishes Flowers of Evil and is arrested for immorality.
1857 - Mormons and Paiute Indians kill 120 settlers in the Mountain Meadows Massacre.
1857 - The Indian Mutiny begins when Indian troops rebel against the British in Meerut.
1857 - The Oxford English Dictionary is begun in England.
1858 - Benito Juarez becomes the first Mexican president of Indian descent.
1858 - Britain and France impose the Tientsin Treaty on China.
1858 - British explorer John Hanning Speke discovers Lake Victoria in Africa.
1858 - British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace outlines his theories of evolution.
1858 - Charles Frederick Worth establishes his Paris fashion house.
1858 - Cyrus W. Field lays the first transatlantic telegraph cable.
1858 - Federal forces end the Utah War; Brigham Young is replaced as governor of Utah Territory.
1858 - French photographer Nadar takes the first aerial photograph from a balloon.
1858 - German-American artist Albert Bierstadt begins his landscapes of the American west.
1858 - Jacques Offenbach's operetta Orpheus in the Underworld premiers in Paris.
1858 - James Renwick begins the design of Saint Patrick's Cathedral in New York City.
1858 - Minnesota becomes the 32nd state of the Union.
1858 - The Fenians (Irish Republican Brotherhood) are founded to overthrow British rule.
1858 - The Indian Mutiny is suppressed by the British Army and loyal Indian troops.
1858 - The government of India is transferred from the East India Company to the British crown.
1858 - Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas debate the status of slavery in U.S. territories.
1859 - Abolitionist John Brown leads an attack on Harpers Ferry; he is captured and executed.
1859 - Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.
1859 - Ferdinand de Lesseps begins building the Suez Canal in Egypt.
1859 - French inventor Ferdinand Carre develops a refrigeration system.
1859 - Napoleon III assists the Italian statesman Cavour in a war against Austria.
1859 - Oregon becomes the 33rd state of the Union.
1859 - The first commercially productive oil well begins pumping in Titusville, Pennsylvania.
1860 - Abraham Lincoln is elected as the first Republican president of the United States.
1860 - China resists the Tientsin Treaty; Anglo-French forces occupy Peking.
1860 - Florence Nightingale establishes a school for training nurses.
1860 - George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans) publishes The Mill on the Floss.
1860 - Italian patriot Garibaldi invades Sicily and Naples with his 1,000 Redshirts.
1860 - Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir patents the first internal-combustion engine.
1860 - Sardinia-Piedmont seizes the Papal States in Italy.
1860 - South Carolina becomes the first Southern state to secede from the Union.
1860 - The Crittenden Compromise tries to prevent a split between slave and free states.
1860 - The Maori Wars begin against the British in New Zealand.
1860 - The pony express is inaugurated to deliver mail from Missouri to California.
1861 - American locksmith Linus Yale, Jr. , patents the cylinder lock.
1861 - English designer William Morris starts the Arts and Crafts Movement.
1861 - French artist Eugene Delacroix paints the Lion Hunt.
1861 - General George B. McClellan is made commander of the Union forces.
1861 - Italy is unified under Victor Emmanuel II.
1861 - John Ericsson designs the Monitor, the first ship with a revolving gun-turret.
1861 - Kansas becomes the 34th state of the Union.
1861 - Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana secede from the Union.
1861 - Lincoln is inaugurated as the 16th U.S. president; Hannibal Hamlin is vice-president.
1861 - Nicholas II abolishes serfdom in Russia.
1861 - The Confederates defeat the Union army in the First Battle of Bull Run.
1861 - The Southern states meet to draft a constitution; Davis is selected as president.
1861 - Texas secedes from the Union.
1861 - In the Trent Affair, Union officers seize Confederate diplomats on the British ship Trent.
1861 - The United States introduces the first national income tax.
1861 - The bombardment of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor begins the U.S. Civil War.
1861 - Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee secede from the Union.
1862 - A Union fleet under David G. Farragut captures New Orleans.
1862 - Robert E. Lee is named commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.
1862 - Congress approves the construction of a transcontinental railroad.
1862 - Bartolome Mitre unites Argentina and is elected president.
1862 - Brady, O'Sullivan, and Gardner document the Civil War in photographs.
1862 - French actress Sarah Bernhardt makes her debut at the Comedie Francaise.
1862 - French impressionist artist Edouard Manet paints Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe.
1862 - French physicist Jean Foucault successfully measures the speed of light.
1862 - French writer Victor Hugo completes his social novel Les Miserables.
1862 - Lee defeats the Union army in the Second Battle of Bull Run.
1862 - Lee's Confederate invasion of Maryland is halted at the Battle of Antietam.
1862 - McClellan is defeated in the Seven Days Battle and retreats from the peninsular.
1862 - Napoleon III imposes the Austrian prince Maximilian as emperor of Mexico.
1862 - Richard J. Gatling invents the first practical machine gun.
1862 - Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev publishes Fathers and Sons.
1862 - The first recorded ski competition is held near Oslo in Norway.
1862 - The ironclad warships Monitor and Merrimack clash at Hampton Roads, Va.
1862 - Union forces under Burnside are defeated at the Battle of Fredricksburg.
1862 - Union forces under Grant defeat the Confederates at the Battle of Shiloh.
1862 - The Homestead Act allows Americans to purchase 160 acres of public land.
1862 - Union forces under McClellan begin the Peninsular Campaign to capture Richmond.
1862 - William I appoints Otto von Bismarck as minister president of Prussia.
1863 - Cambodia (Kampuchea) becomes a French protectorate.
1863 - English philosopher John Stuart Mill publishes Utilitarianism.
1863 - French impressionist artist Camille Pissarro exhibits at the Salon des Refuses.
1863 - George I succeeds Otto as king of Greece.
1863 - Grant defeats the Confederates in the Vicksburg Campaign.
1863 - Ismail Pasha rules Egypt under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.
1863 - Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation abolishes slavery in the Confederate states.
1863 - London's Metropolitan Railway becomes the first underground subway.
1863 - The Confederate guerrilla band Quantrill's Raiders pillage Lawrence, Kansas.
1863 - Lincoln proclaims Thanksgiving Day a national holiday.
1863 - Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address.
1863 - The Confederates defeat the Union army at Chancellorsville; Jackson is killed.
1863 - The Confederates under Lee are defeated at the Battle of Gettysburg.
1863 - The French occupy Mexico City in support of Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico.
1863 - The London Football Association issues the first soccer rules.
1863 - West Virginia becomes the 35th state of the Union.
1864 - A Chinese army under Gordon recaptures Nanking and ends the Taiping Rebellion.
1864 - A Union army under Sherman invades Georgia, beginning the Atlanta campaign.
1864 - Denmark is defeated by Prussia; Schleswig-Holstein is ceded to Germany.
1864 - Nevada is inaugurated as the 36th state of the Union.
1864 - Abraham Lincoln is reelected president.
1864 - Paraguayan dictator Francisco Solano Lopez begins the War of the Triple Alliance.
1864 - Sherman defeats the Confederates at Atlanta and begins his march to the sea.
1864 - The Colorado militia massacre Cheyenne Indians at Sand Creek.
1864 - Sherman reaches Savannah, effectively cutting the South in half.
1864 - The Confederate submarine Hunley sinks a Federal ship but is sunk in the process.
1864 - The Geneva Convention sets standards of humane treatment in time of war.
1864 - The Ionian Islands are ceded to Greece by Britain.
1864 - The Union launches a drive on Richmond but falters in the Wilderness Campaign.
1864 - Ulysses S. Grant is made general in chief of all the Union armies.
1865 - Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th President of the U.S.
1865 - Confederate forces under Lee surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House.
1865 - Count Leo Tolstoi begins his monumental Russian novel War and Peace.
1865 - English author Lewis Carroll writes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
1865 - Johnston surrenders the last Confederate army to Sherman, ending the U.S. Civil War.
1865 - Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre in Washington D.C.
1865 - Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky publishes Crime and Punishment.
1865 - The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolishes slavery.
1865 - The Petersburg Campaign is won by Union forces; Lee evacuates Richmond.
1865 - Abraham Lincoln begins his second term as president; Andrew Johnson is vice-president.
1866 - British engineer Robert Whitehead invents the first self-propelled torpedo.
1866 - Gregor Mendel publishes his genetic research in Experiments With Plant Hybrids.
1866 - Prussia and Italy defeat Austria in the Seven Weeks' War.
1866 - The Ku Klux Klan is founded in the southern United States.
1866 - The period of Reconstruction begins in the South.
1866 - The Atlantic cable between the United States and Great Britain is completed.
1867 - Bismark forms the North German Confederation under Prussian leadership.
1867 - Diamond fields are discovered in South Africa.
1867 - French troops withdraw from Mexico; Emperor Maximilian is executed by Juarez.
1867 - Karl Marx publishes the first volume of Das Kapital.
1867 - Nebraska becomes the 37th state of the Union.
1867 - The United States purchases Alaska from Russia.
1867 - Sir John A. Macdonald becomes Canada's first prime minister.
1867 - The Compromise (Ausgleich) of 1867 creates the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
1867 - The first elevated railroad is built in Manhattan, New York City.
1867 - The Dominion of Canada is established by the British North America Act.
1867 - The first annual Belmont Stakes horse race is won by Ruthless.
1867 - The United States annexes Midway Islands in the Pacific Ocean.
1868 - A military coup led by General Juan Prim deposes Queen Isabella II of Spain.
1868 - A skeleton of Cro-Magnon man is discovered in southern France.
1868 - British labor unions form the Trades Union Congress.
1868 - Christopher Sholes patents the first practical typewriter.
1868 - Chulalongkorn succeeds his father Mongkut as the king of Siam (Thailand).
1868 - Feminists Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton publish Revolution.
1868 - Johannes Brahms' A German Requiem is performed for the first time.
1868 - Ndebele king Mzilikazi dies in Africa; he is succeeded (1870) by his son Lobengula.
1868 - The Meiji dynasty is restored in Japan; the Tokugawa shogunate is abolished.
1868 - The Ten Years' War begins in Cuba against Spanish rule.
1868 - U.S. President Andrew Johnson is impeached by Congress but acquitted by the Senate.
1868 - William Gladstone becomes Liberal prime minister of Britain for the first time.
1868 -  Ulysses S. Grant defeats Horatio Seymour in the presidential election.
1869 - Grant is inaugurated as the 18th U.S. president; Schuyler Colfax is vice-president.
1869 - James Gordon Bennett, Jr., commissions Stanley to search for Livingston in Africa.
1869 - John Roebling designs the Brooklyn Bridge but dies after a construction accident.
1869 - Louis Riel leads the Red River Rebellion in Canada.
1869 - Ludwig II (Mad Ludwig) begins building his fantasy castles in Bavaria.
1869 - Philadelphia garment workers organize the Knights of Labor, an early labor union.
1869 - Pope Pius IX calls the First Vatican Council to discuss the dogma of papal infallibility.
1869 - Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky begins work on his opera Boris Gudunov.
1869 - The Cincinnati Red Stockings become the first professional baseball team.
1869 - The Suez Canal is opened in Egypt.
1869 - The first manufacturing patent is issued for chewing gum.
1869 - The transcontinental railroad is completed at Promontory Point, Utah.
1869 - The Prohibition party is organized.
1869 - Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony form the National Woman Suffrage Association.
1869 - Wyoming becomes the first state to grant women's suffrage.
1870 - American industrialist John D. Rockefeller founds the Standard Oil Company.
1870 - German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavates the ancient city of Troy.
1870 - Paraguayan dictator Solano Lopez dies, ending the War of the Triple Alliance.
1870 - Rome becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Italy.
1870 - The Franco-Prussian War begins over a diplomatic incident engineered by Bismark.
1870 - The Prussians defeat the French at Sedan; Napoleon III is taken prisoner.
1870 - The Third Republic is formed in France; a Government of National Defense is established.
1870 - The city of Miami is founded in Florida.
1870 - The U.S. Weather Bureau is founded.
1871 - American explorer Henry Morton Stanley finds Dr. Livingston in central Africa.
1871 - Charles Taze Russell founds the Jehovah's Witnesses about this time.
1871 - Fire destroys one-third of the city of Chicago.
1871 - P.T Barnum launches a traveling circus, museum,and menagerie.
1871 - The Franco-Prussian War ends; Alsace and Lorraine are ceded to Germany.
1871 - The French surrender to Prussia incites the Commune of Paris uprising.
1871 - The German Empire is formally proclaimed at the Palace of Versailles.
1871 - The Paris Commune is suppressed by government troops after a 2-month siege.
1871 - British Columbia joins the Dominion of Canada.
1872 - American artist James McNeill Whistler paints the Portrait of the Artist's Mother.
1872 - English author George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans) publishes Middlemarch.
1872 - The Modoc War begins in Oregon.
1872 - Monet paints Impression: Sunrise; the term impressionism is derived from the title.
1872 - Photographer Eadweard Muybridge begins his series of motion studies.
1872 - The Challenger Expedition begins the first systematic oceanographic survey.
1872 - The cities of Buda and Pest unite to form Budapest (the capital of Hungary from 1918).
1872 - The death of Kamehameha V ends the Kamehameha dynasty of Hawaiian kings.
1872 - The first woman impressionist artist Berthe Morisot paints The Cradle.
1872 - Ulysses S. Grant defeats Horace Greely to win a second term as president.
1872 - The United States'  first national park, Yellowstone, is created
1873 - Englishman Maj. Walter Clopton Wingfield invents lawn tennis.
1873 - Ulysses S. Grant begins his second term as president; Henry Wilson is vice-president.
1873 - French novelist Jules Verne publishes Around the World in Eighty Days.
1873 - The Pacific Scandal in Canada causes the collapse of the Conservative government.
1873 - The Panic of 1873 leads to 5 years of economic depression in the U.S.
1873 - Prince Edward Island joins the Dominion of Canada.
1873 - The first annual Preakness Stakes horse race is won by Survivor.
1874 - Benjamin Disraeli becomes the Conservative prime minister of Britain.
1874 - English author Thomas Hardy publishes Far from the Madding Crowd.
1874 - French impressionist artist Pierre Auguste Renoir paints La Loge (The Box).
1874 - The Comanche, Kiowa, and other Indian tribes attack Adobe Walls in Texas.
1874 - The Greenback party advocates currency reform in the U.S.
1874 - The first exhibition of impressionist paintings is held in Paris.
1874 - The Woman's Christian Temperance Union is founded in Cleveland, Ohio.
1874 - The Philadelphia Zoological Gardens becomes the first public zoo in the U.S.
1875 - American author Mark Twain publishes Tom Sawyer.
1875 - Britain buys Suez Canal shares from the bankrupt Egyptian leader Ismail Pasha.
1875 - Georges Bizet's opera Carmen is performed in Paris.
1875 - Mary Baker Eddy, founder of Christian Science, publishes Science and Health.
1875 - The Bourbon monarchy is restored in Spain under Alfonso XII.
1875 - The first Kentucky Derby at Churchill Downs is won by Aristedes.
1875 - Luther Burbank develops new strains of fruits and vegetables.
1876 - Abd al-Hamid II becomes Ottoman sultan.
1876 - Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone.
1876 - British philosopher Herbert Spencer begins publishing the Principles of Sociology.
1876 - Colorado becomes the 38th state of the Union.
1876 - General Porfirio Diaz seizes power as the dictator of Mexico.
1876 - German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavates the ancient city of Mycenae.
1876 - Japan forces Korea to open up to foreign trade, countering the influence of China.
1876 - Johann Strauss, Jr., composes his waltz The Beautiful Blue Danube.
1876 - Queen Victoria assumes the title of Empress of India.
1876 - Sioux Indians defeat General Custer at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
1876 - The Bayreuth musical festival opens with a performance of Wagner's Ring cycle.
1876 - The U.S. Centennial Exposition of 1876 is held in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia.
1877 - Chief Joseph leads the Nez Perce tribe against the U.S. Army.
1877 - Rutherford B. Hayes is inaugurated as the 19th U.S. president; William Wheeler is vice-president
1877 - Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli observes canali (channels) on Mars.
1877 - Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake is performed by the Bolshoi Ballet in Moscow.
1877 - The All-England lawn tennis championship is played at Wimbledon for the first time.
1877 - The Japanese army suppresses a samurai revolt led by Saigo Takamori.
1877 - Thomas Edison invents the phonograph.
1877 - Turkish suppression of Balkan nationalists leads to a new Russo-Turkish War.
1877 - The first Westminster Kennel Club dog show is held.
1878 - Ismail Pasha presents Cleopatra's Needles to Britain (1878) and the U.S. (1880).
1878 - Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania are granted independence from Turkey.
1878 - The Congress of Berlin reverses Russian gains from the San Stefano Treaty.
1878 - The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company performs Gilbert and Sullivan's H.M.S. Pinafore.
1878 - The Russo-Turkish War ends; The Treaty of San Stefano is imposed on Turkey.
1878 - The second Anglo-Afghan War begins.
1878 - Turkey's provinces of Bosnia and Hercegovina are placed under Austrian administration.
1879 - Belgian king Leopold II sponsors Henry Morton Stanley's expedition to the Congo.
1879 - Charles Stewart Parnell leads the Home Rule for Ireland party.
1879 - General Roca defeats the Patagonian Indians, opening the Pampas for settlement.
1879 - Impressionist artist Edgar Degas paints Ballerina Posing for a Photograph.
1879 - Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen writes A Doll's House.
1879 - Tawfiq Pasha succeeds his father Ismail Pasha as khedive (viceroy) of Egypt.
1879 - Territorial disputes lead to the War of the Pacific between Chile and Peru.
1879 - Thomas Edison develops the first workable incandescent lamp (light bulb).
1879 - Mary Baker Eddy organizes the Church of Christ, Scientist.
1880 - American impressionist artist Mary Cassatt exhibits A Woman in Black at the Opera.
1880 - Boer (Afrikaner) uprisings begin against the British in Transvaal, South Africa.
1880 - France annexes the Pacific island of Tahiti.
1880 - French novelist Emile Zola writes Nana, a portrait of a prostitute.
1880 - German composer Jacques Offenbach writes the opera Tales of Hoffmann.
1880 - Gladstone succeeds Disraeli as British prime minister.
1880 - Russian composer Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky writes the 1812 Overture.
1880 - Fyodor Dostoyevski publishes The Brothers Karamazov.
1880 - James A. Garfield defeats Winfield S. Hancock in the U.S. presidential election.
1881 - Russian tsar Alexander II is assassinated; he is succeeded by Alexander III..
1881 - Chester A. Arthur is inaugurated as the 21st U.S. president.
1881 - Ferdinand de Lesseps begins an abortive attempt to build the Panama Canal.
1881 - Garfield is inaugurated as the 20th U.S. president; Chester A. Arthur is vice-president.
1881 - Japanese statesman Itagaki Taisuke founds the Jiyuto (Liberal party).
1881 - Lillie Langtry, mistress of the Prince of Wales, makes her acting debut.
1881 - President Garfield is assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau.
1881 - The Sudanese under Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad overthrow Egyptian rule.
1881 - The first U.S. tennis championship is held in Newport, R.I.
1881 - Clara Barton organizes the American red Cross.
1881 - Booker T. Washington founds Tuskegee Institute.
1882 - A Triple Alliance is established between Austria, Italy, and Germany.
1882 - Edison's New York plant begins supplying 59 customers with electricity.
1882 - Impressionist artist Edouard Manet completes the Bar at the Folies-Bergere.
1882 - Japanese statesman Okuma Shigenobu founds the Kaishinto, or Progressive, party.
1882 - The British take control of Egypt, suppressing uprisings against Tawfiq Pasha.
1882 - The U.S. begins to restrict immigration with the Chinese Exclusion Acts.
1882 - John D. Rockefeller organizes the Standard Oil Trust.
1882 - The first Labor Day parade is staged in New York City.
1883 - Buffalo Bill Cody organizes his Wild West show.
1883 - Cyrus H. K. Curtis publishes the Lady's Home Journal magazine.
1883 - German philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche begins Thus Spake Zarathustra.
1883 - Paul Kruger becomes president of the Boer republic of the Transvaal in South Africa.
1883 - Russian scientist Tsiolkovsky proves that a rocket could work in the vacuum of space.
1883 - The Brooklyn Bridge is completed in New York.
1883 - The Fabian Society is founded in London to spread socialist ideas.
1883 - The Island volcano of Krakatoa explodes in Indonesia, causing 36,000 deaths.
1883 - The first skyscraper (10 stories) is built in Chicago by William LeBaron Jenney.
1883 - Mark Twain publishes Life on the Mississippi.
1883 - The Orient Express, Europe's first transcontinental train, begins running between Paris and Constantinople.
1884 - American author Mark Twain publishes the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
1884 - Belva Lockwood becomes the first woman nominated as a U.S. presidential candidate.
1884 - German East Africa is formed from Rwanda, Mozambique,Tanzania, and Burundi.
1884 - Germany occupies South West Africa (Namibia).
1884 - Lewis E. Waterman invents the first fountain pen with an ink reservoir.
1884 - Grover Cleveland defeats James G. Blaine in the presidential election.
1884 - Ottmar Mergenthaler patents the first linotype machine.
1885 - Boston Symphony Orchestra organizes its Promenade Concerts (the Boston Pops).
1885 - Cleveland is inaugurated as the 22nd U.S. president; Thomas Hendricks is vice-president.
1885 - French chemist Louis Pasteur develops a vaccine for rabies.
1885 - General Gordon is killed by Mahdist forces at the siege of Khartoum in Sudan.
1885 - Gottlieb Daimler develops the first motorcycle.
1885 - J. K. Stanley introduces his safety cycle, the basic model for the modern bicycle.
1885 - The Congo Free State (Zaire) becomes the possession of King Leopold II of Belgium.
1885 - The Indian National Congress movement is founded in Bombay.
1886 - Apache Indian chief Geronimo surrenders to General Nelson Miles.
1886 - Britain makes Burma a province of India after winning the Anglo-Burma War.
1886 - French sculptor Auguste Rodin completes The Kiss.
1886 - Gold is discovered in Transvaal, South Africa.
1886 - Samuel Gompers organizes the American Federation of Labor.
1886 - The Anglo-German Agreement recognizes German control over Tanganyika (Tanzania).
1886 - The Statue of Liberty is unveiled in New York Harbor.
1886 - Chicago police kill four striking workers in the Haymarket Massacre.
1887 - Arthur Conan Doyle publishes the first Sherlock Holmes story.
1887 - France creates the Union of Indochina (most of modern day Vietnam and Kampuchea).
1888 - The Blizzard of '88 kills 400 people and devastates the Northeast U.S. coast.
1888 - President Grover Cleveland loses his reelection bid to Benjamin Harrison.
1887 - The Michelson-Morley experiment confirms the absence of ether.
1887 - Portugal takes control of Macao off the south China coast.
1887 - The Canadian Pacific Railway completes Canada's first transcontinental railroad.
1888 - A patent is issued to American inventor John H. Loud for the first ball-point pen.
1888 - American inventor George Eastman introduces the Kodak box camera.
1888 - Britain unites its Caribbean colonies of Trinidad and Tobago.
1888 - Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh paints Still Life With Sunflowers.
1888 - Jack the Ripper murders seven women in London.
1888 - Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov writes Scheherazade.
1888 - The National Geographic Magazine is published for the first time.
1888 - William II succeeds Frederick III as emperor of Germany.
1888 - The U.S. Department of Labor is established.
1888 - The Amateur Athletic Union is formed.
1889 - Benjamin Harrison is inaugurated as the 23rd U.S. president; Levi Morton is vice-president.
1889 - Some 50,000 settlers take over former Indian land during the Oklahoma Land Rush.
1889 - The Johnstown, Pennsylvania, flood kills 2,295 people.
1889 - Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria commits suicide at Mayerling.
1889 - German revolutionary Rosa Luxemburg is exiled in Switzerland.
1889 - Gustave Eiffel designs the Eiffel Tower for the Paris Exposition.
1889 - Japan's first prime minister Ito Hirobumi introduces the Meiji Constitution.
1889 - Montana becomes the 41st state.
1889 - Washington becomes the 42nd state of the Union.
1889 - North Dakota and South Dakota become the 39th and 40th states.
1889 - Pedro II emperor of Brazil is overthrown in a coup; Brazil is declared a republic.
1890 - American naval officer Alfred Mahan publishes The Influence of Sea Power upon History.
1890 - American psychologist William James publishes The Principles of Psychology.
1890 - Cecil Rhodes becomes prime minister of the Cape Colony in South Africa.
1890 - Claude Debussy begins composing Suite Bergamasque, including Clair de lune.
1890 - Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh commits suicide.
1890 - German chancellor Otto von Bismarck is dismissed by Emperor William II.
1890 - Idaho becomes the 43rd state of the Union.
1890 - Wyoming becomes the 44th state of the Union.
1890 - The Sioux chief Sitting Bull is killed by U.S. soldiers.
1890 - Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore publishes Manasi (The Mind's Embodiment).
1890 - Photographer Jacob Riis documents New York's poor in How the Other Half Lives.
1890 - Sioux Indians are massacred at the Battle of Wounded Knee.
1890 - Oklahoma Territory is established.
1890 - The power of monopolies in the United States is curtailed by the Sherman Anti-Trust Law.
1890 - The British South Africa Company occupies Zimbabwe; conflicts begin with the Ndebele.
1890 - Zanzibar becomes a British protectorate.
1890 - Luxembourg becomes completely independent of the Netherlands.
1891 - Anglo-Irish author Oscar Wilde publishes his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.
1891 - English novelist Thomas Hardy writes Tess of the D'Urbervilles.
1891 - Eugene Dubois discovers the first Homo erectus remains on Java in Indonesia.
1891 - French postimpressionist artist Paul Gauguin travels to Tahiti.
1891 - James Naismith devises the game of basketball in Springfield, Mass.
1891 - The American Express Company introduces the first traveler's checks.
1891 - Germany introduces the world's first old-age pension plan.
1891 - The Toronto Star newspaper is first published.
1892 - French artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec paints At the Moulin Rouge.
1892 - Ellis Island becomes the major U.S. receiving station for immigrants.
1892 - The Ohio Supreme Court dissolves the Standard Oil Trust.
1892 - Impressionist artist Paul Cezanne completes the Card Players.
1892 - James J. Corbett wins the heavyweight boxing championship from John L. Sullivan.
1892 - The San Francisco Examiner begins printing the first newspaper comic strip.
1892 - Writer and political revolutionary Jose Marti founds the Cuban Revolutionary party.
1892 - Naturalist John Muir helps establish the Sierra Club.
1892 - Nikola Tesla invents the first alternating-current motor.
1892 - President Benjamin Harrison loses his bid for reelection to Grover Cleveland.
1893 - American artist Louis Comfort Tiffany begins producing Art Nouveau glassware.
1893 - Cleveland is inaugurated as the 24th U.S. president; Adlai E. Stevenson is vice-president.
1893 - France adds Laos to the Union of Indochina.
1893 - Queen Liliuokalani is ousted in Hawaii.
1893 - The Ivory Coast becomes a French colony.
1893 - Victor Horta's Tassel House in Brussels initiates the Art Nouveau architectural style.
1893 - The Morman Temple in Salt Lake City, Utah, is dedicated.
1893 - New Zealand becomes the first nation to allow women to vote.
1893 - The Johns Hopkins Medical school is founded in Baltimore.
1894 - Britain establishes a protectorate over Buganda and conquers the rest of Uganda.
1894 - Coxey's Army of workers arrives in Washington, D.C., to protest unemployment.
1894 - The Pullman strike is followed by a general railway strike.
1894 - Labor Day is made a legal holiday in the United States.
1894 - The Republic of Hawaii is proclaimed; Sanford Dole becomes president.
1894 - Czech decorative artist Alfons Mucha designs a poster of Sarah Bernhardt.
1894 - English artist Aubrey Beardsley illustrates Oscar Wilde's Salome.
1894 - English author Rudyard Kipling publishes The Jungle Book.
1894 - Percival Lowell builds an observatory to study the Martian canals.
1894 - Rebellion in Korea begins the First Sino-Japanese War.
1894 - The arrest of army captain Albert Dreyfus creates a political crisis in France.
1894 - Thousands of Armenians are massacred in Turkey.
1894 - Tsar Alexander III of Russia dies; his son becomes monarch as Nicholas II.
1895 - Anglo-Irish playwright Oscar Wilde writes The Importance of Being Earnest.
1895 - Japan defeats China; the Shimonoseki Treaty establishes Korean independence.
1895 - Louis and Auguste Lumiere show the first motion pictures to a Paris cafe audience.
1895 - Russian revolutionary Vladimir Ilich Lenin is sentenced to prison and exile in Siberia.
1895 - The American Bowling Congress (ABC) is founded.
1895 - The Cuban War of Independence begins against Spain; Jose Marti is killed in battle.
1895 - The Jameson Raid on the Boer republic of Transvaal increases anti-British hostility.
1895 - The first list of best-selling books is published by The Bookman magazine.
1895 - X rays are discovered by German physicist Wilhelm C. Roentgen.
1895 - The first professional football is played in Latrobe, Pennsylvania.
1895 - The first U.S. Open golf tournament is played.
1895 - The New York Public Library is established.
1895 - The American Bowling Congress is founded.
1895 - Stephen Crane publishes The Red Badge of Courage.
1896 - A tsunami (tidal wave) kills 27,000 people in Japan.
1896 - Italian composer Giacomo Puccini writes the opera La Boheme.
1896 - John Philip Sousa composes The Stars and Stripes Forever.
1896 - King Menelik II defeats the Italians at Adwa, maintaining Ethiopian independence.
1896 - The first modern Olympic Games are held at Athens in Greece; 13 countries compete.
1896 - Utah becomes the 45th state of the Union.
1896 - A gold rush begins in Canada's Klondike region and neighboring Alaska.
1896 - Wilfrid Laurier becomes Canada's first French-Canadian premier.
1896 - William McKinley defeats William Jennings Bryan in the U.S. presidential election.
1896 - The Canadian Red Cross is founded.
1896 - The Duryea Motor Wagon Co. offers the first American-made automobiles to the public.
1897 - American comic strip The Katzenjammer Kids is begun by Rudolph Dirks.
1897 - Austrian artist Gustav Klimt helps to found the Vienna Secession group.
1897 - British physician Havelock Ellis begins his Studies in the Psychology of Sex.
1897 - English author Rudyard Kipling publishes Captains Courageous.
1897 - French dramatist Edmond Rostand writes Cyrano de Bergerac.
1897 - French primitive artist Henri Rousseau paints The Sleeping Gypsy.
1897 - McKinley is inaugurated as the 25th U.S. president; Garrett Hobart is vice-president.
1897 - Russian author Anton Chekhov writes the play Uncle Vanya.
1897 - Stanislavsky founds the Moscow Art Theater and begins the method acting technique.
1897 - The first subway in the U.S. opens in Boston.
1897 - Theodor Herzl organizes the World Zionist Congress at Basel in Switzerland.
1897 - New York's Waldorf-Astoria Hotel opens.
1898 - Britain obtains a 99-year lease for Hong Kong from the Chinese.
1898 - English author H. G. Wells publishes The War of the Worlds.
1898 - Spain cedes Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the U.S. in the Treaty of Paris.
1898 - Cuba gains its independence from Spain.
1898 - The United States annexes Hawaii.
1898 - The Boxer Uprising begins in China; Empress Tz'u-hsi imprisons the emperor.
1898 - The British under Kitchener defeat the Mahdists at Omdurman in Sudan.
1898 - The Fashoda Incident leads to a French withdrawal from the Sudan.
1898 - The Spanish fleet is destroyed in Manila Bay.
1898 - The Spanish-American War begins with a declaration of war by Congress.
1898 - The U.S. army uses machine guns for the first time in the battle of Santiago.
1898 - Spain sues for peace.
1898 - The U.S. battleship Maine explodes in the Havana harbor.
1898 - U.S. troops land on Cuba; Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders are in action.
1898 - William Randolph Hearst's yellow journalism inflames anti-Spanish feelings.
1899 - American artist Winslow Homer paints the Gulf Stream.
1899 - American composer Scott Joplin publishes his Maple Leaf Rag.
1899 - English composer Edward Elgar writes The Enigma Variations.
1899 - The South African Boer War begins between the Boers (Afrikaners) and the British.
1899 - U.S. Secretary of State John M. Hay advocates an Open Door Policy for China.
1899 - Emilio Aguinaldo leads an insurrection against American occupation of the Philippines.
1900 - An international force lifts the Boxer siege of Peking.
1900 - A hurricane kills 6,000 people in Galveston, Texas.
1900 - President William McKinley defeats William Jennings Bryan to win reelection.
1900 - The U.S. Census Bureau puts the nation's population at 76,000,000.
1900 - British politician Keir Hardie helps to found the Labour party.
1900 - Chinese nationalists besiege foreigners in Peking during the Boxer Uprising.
1900 - Dutch physiologist Willem Einthoven invents the electrocardiograph.
1900 - Hawaii is made a U.S. Territory; Sanford Dole serves as the first governor.
1900 - The U.S. Congress ratifies the Gold Standard Act.
1900 - The Hall of Fame for Great Americans is established in New York City.
1900 - Humbert I is assassinated; he is succeeded by Victor Emanuel III as king of Italy.
1900 - James J. Jeffries beats Jim Corbett to retain the heavyweight boxing title.
1900 - Max Planck formulates the quantum theory in physics.
1900 - Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams.
1900 - Sir Arthur Evans begins the excavation of the Minoan palace at Knossos, Crete.
1900 - The British defeat the Boer (Afrikaner) armies in South Africa and occupy Pretoria.
1900 - The U.S. wins the first Davis Cup tennis contest.
1901 - A 39,000 year-old frozen mammoth is discovered in Russia.
1901 - A stele bearing the Code of Hammurabi is discovered in Susa, Iran.
1901 - American surgeon Walter Reed proves that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes.
1901 - An American League of baseball is formed in competition to the National League.
1901 - Andrew Carnegie sells his company and devotes himself to philanthropy.
1901 - Britain incorporates Ashanti territory into the Gold Coast (Ghana).
1901 - English author Beatrix Potter publishes her children's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit.
1901 - Guglielmo Marconi tests radio transmissions between England and Newfoundland.
1901 - King C. Gillette founds the American Safety Razor Company.
1901 - President McKinley is assassinated by the anarchist Leon Czolgosz.
1901 - Queen Victoria dies; she is succeeded by her son Edward VII.
1901 -  Philippine insurrection leader Emilio Aguinaldo is captured.
1901 - President William McKinley begins his second term; Theodore Roosevelt is vice-president.
1901 - Russia occupies Manchuria in north-east China.
1901 - Sergei Rachmaninoff writes his Second Piano Concerto.
1901 - Sir Edward Elgar composes the first of his five Pomp and Circumstance Marches.
1901 - Spanish painter Pablo Picasso's Blue Period begins.
1901 - Temperance advocate Carry Nation uses a hatchet to attack a Kansas saloon.
1901 - The Commonwealth of Australia is founded.
1901 - The first U.S. national bowling tournament is held.
1901 - Victor L. Berger and Eugene V. Debs help found the American Socialist party.
1902 - Conan Doyle writes the Sherlock Holmes adventure The Hound of the Baskervilles.
1902 -  U.S. troops withdraw from Cuba.
1902 - English author Joseph Conrad publishes Heart of Darkness.
1902 - French filmmaker Georges Melies produces A Trip to the Moon.
1902 - Italian opera singer Enrico Caruso makes his first phonographic recording.
1902 - Maksim Gorky's The Lower Depths is produced at the Moscow Art Theater.
1902 - Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., is appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court.
1902 - The Photo-Secession group is founded in New York by photographer Alfred Stieglitz.
1902 - The Treaty of Vereeniging ends the Boer War.
1902 - The Philippine insurrection ends.
1903 - Alexander, King of Serbia, is assassinated; he is succeeded by Peter I.
1903 - The first Pacific cable is laid between San Francisco and Manila.
1903 - American author Jack London publishes The Call of the Wild.
1903 - American novelist Henry James publishes The Ambassadors.
1903 - Bernard Shaw's play Man and Superman is produced in London.
1903 - Edwin S. Porter directs the pioneering Western film The Great Train Robbery.
1903 - Emmeline Pankhurst founds the Women's Social and Political Union in Britain.
1903 - Marie and Pierre Curie win the Nobel Prize for Physics for their work on radioactivity.
1903 - Orville Wright makes the first successful flight in a self-propelled airplane.
1903 - Panama declares its independence from Colombia; the U.S. recognizes the new republic.
1903 - The Rolls-Royce automobile company is founded in Britain.
1903 - The U.S. acquires perpetual control over the Panama Canal Zone.
1903 - The first World Series baseball game is played.
1903 - Vladimir Ilich Lenin organizes the Bolshevik revolutionary group.
1904 - Italian composer Giacomo Puccini's opera Madame Butterfly is produced.
1904 - Ivan Pavlov, discoverer of the conditioned reflex, is awarded the Nobel Prize.
1904 - James Barrie's play Peter Pan is produced in London.
1904 - Max Weber publishes The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
1904 - Russian author Anton Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard is produced.
1904 - Territorial disputes in Manchuria begin the Russo-Japanese War.
1904 - President Theodore Roosevelt defeats Alton B. Parker to win reelection.
1904 - The Abbey Theatre is founded in Dublin.
1904 - The New York City subway is opened.
1905 - A general strike and revolution begin in Russia; Nicholas II grants a constitution.
1905 - Ambrose Fleming invents the thermionic valve, used to improve radio reception.
1905 - American humorist and actor Will Rogers makes his New York City debut.
1905 - American labor leader Eugene V. Debs founds the Industrial Workers of the World.
1905 - The Treaty of Portsmouth ends the Russo-Japanese War.
1905 - Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat-sen founds the T'ung-meng hui (Alliance Society).
1905 - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner organizes the expressionist painters group Die Brucke.
1905 - French territorial ambitions spark the first Moroccan crisis.
1905 - German physicist Albert Einstein proposes his Special Theory of Relativity.
1905 - German poet Rainer Maria Rilke publishes The Book of Hours.
1905 - Henri Matisse and Andre Derain form the Fauves (Wild Beasts) art movement.
1905 - Psychologist Alfred Binet develops intelligence tests for school children.
1905 - Roosevelt begins his second term as U.S. president; Charles Fairbanks is vice-president.
1905 - Alberta and Saskatchewan become Canadian provinces.
1905 - The Cullinan diamond is found in South Africa; it weighs 3,106 carats.
1905 - The Russian fleet is destroyed by the Japanese at the Battle of Tsushima.
1905 - The Sinn Fein Irish nationalist movement is founded by Arthur Griffith.
1905 - The union of Norway and Sweden is dissolved; Haakon VII is elected king of Norway.
1905 - W.E.B. Du Bois forms the Niagara Movement to demand full civil rights for African-Americans.
1906 - British author John Galsworthy publishes the first novel of The Forsyte Saga.
1906 - H.M.S. Dreadnought, the first modern battleship, is launched.
1906 - Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen traverses the Northwest Passage.
1906 - The Aga Khan III forms the All-India Moslim League.
1906 - The Dreyfus affair ends with the pardoning of French army officer Alfred Dreyfus.
1906 - The San Francisco earthquake kills 700.
1906 - Under the Platt Amendment U.S. troops return to Cuba to quell rebellion and restore order.
1906 - Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle leads to the U.S. Pure Food and Drug Act.
1906 - The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is founded.
1907 - A Triple Entente is formed between Britain, France, and Russia.
1907 - Anna Pavlova dances The Dying Swan, choreographed by Mikhail Fokine.
1907 - Irish playwright J.M. Synge writes The Playboy of the Western World.
1907 - Lee De Forest invents the triode, a key component for amplifying radio signals.
1907 - Oklahoma becomes the 46th state of the Union.
1907 - Rasputin gains influence at the court of Russian emperor Nicholas II.
1907 - The Panic of 1907 begins with the collapse of the U.S. stock market.
1907 - The first Ziegfeld Follies are staged in New York City.
1908 - An earthquake at Messina in Italy kills 80,000.
1908 - Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia and Hercegovina.
1908 - Austrian artist Gustav Klimt paints The Kiss.
1908 - Automaker William Durant founds the General Motors Company.
1908 - British soldier Robert Baden-Powell founds the Boy Scout movement.
1908 - Filmmakers Charles Pathe and Leon Gaumont produce the first newsreel.
1908 - Jack Johnson becomes the first black heavyweight boxing champion.
1908 - Kenneth Grahame publishes his children's story The Wind in the Willows.
1908 - King Leopold II of the Belgians establishes the Independent State of Congo in Africa.
1908 - Liberal leader Herbert Asquith becomes prime minister of Britain.
1908 - Mary Baker Eddy establishes the Christian Science Monitor.
1908 - Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque cofound the cubism art movement.
1908 - The Ashcan school of painters exhibit in New York City.
1908 - The Ford Motor Company produces the first Model T automobile.
1908 - The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is founded.
1908 - The Tunguska fireball explodes in Siberia with the force of a modern H-bomb.
1908 - The Young Turk Revolution in Turkey leads to political reform.
1908 - William Howard Taft defeats William Jennings Bryan in U.S. presidential elections.
1909 - American architect Frank Lloyd Wright builds the Robie House in Chicago.
1909 - American artist George Bellows paints the prize fight scene Stag at Sharkey's.
1909 - American explorer Robert E. Peary reaches the North Pole.
1909 - American poet William Carlos Williams publishes Poems, his first book.
1909 - American writer Gertrude Stein publishes Three Lives.
1909 - French aviator Louis Bleriot makes the first flight across the English Channel.
1909 - Russian impresario Serge Diaghilev presents the Ballet Russe in Paris.
1909 - W. C. Handy writes Memphis Blues.
1909 - Taft is inaugurated as the 27th U.S. president; James Sherman is vice-president.
1909 - Ottoman sultan Abd al-Hamid is overthrown.
1910 - British politician Winston Churchill is appointed first lord of the Admiralty.
1910 - France groups four African territories together as French Equatorial Africa.
1910 - French primitive artist Henri Rousseau paints The Dream.
1910 - French sculptor Auguste Rodin casts the bronze figure The Thinker.
1910 - George V succeeds his father Edward VII as king of Great Britain and Ireland.
1910 - German bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich synthesizes Salversan, a cure for syphilis.
1910 - Italian artists led by Umberto Boccioni found the futurism movement.
1910 - Japanese forces annex Korea.
1910 - Madero, Villa, and Zapata lead a revolution against Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz.
1910 - Russian-born artist Wassily Kandinsky executes his first abstract painting.
1910 - The Art Deco architectural and decorative arts style begins to become popular.
1910 - The Boy Scouts of America is founded.
1910 - The Union of South Africa is formed; Louis Botha becomes the first prime minister.
1911 - American aviator Glen Curtiss flies the first successful seaplane.
1911 - American novelist Edith Wharton publishes Ethan Frome.
1911 - American songwriter Irving Berlin publishes Alexander's Ragtime Band.
1911 - Elmer A. Sperry designs the first American gyrocompass.
1911 - English author G.K. Chesterton publishes the first Father Brown story.
1911 - German-American anthropologist Franz Boas publishes The Mind of Primitive Man.
1911 - Hans Geiger invents an electrical device to count individual alpha particles.
1911 - Italy's attempts to annex Cyrenaica and Tripolitania leads to the Italo-Turkish War.
1911 - Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz is overthrown; Francisco Madero becomes president.
1911 - Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen reaches the South Pole ahead of Robert Scott.
1911 - Richard Strauss' opera Der Rosenkavalier is performed for the first time.
1911 - Russian artist Marc Chagall paints I and My Village.
1911 - Sir Ernest Rutherford formulates his theory of atomic structure.
1911 - The Ch'ing dynasty is deposed in China; a republic is formed under Sun Yat-sen.
1911 - The first film studio is established at Hollywood in California.
1911 - Tibet declares its independence from China.
1911 - Willis Carrier designs the first practical air-conditioning system.
1911 - The first Indianapolis 500 auto race is held.
1912 - American Indian Jim Thorpe wins the Olympic decathlon and pentathlon.
1912 - Albania declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
1912 - Woodrow Wilson defeats Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft in U.S. presidential elections.
1912 - American author Edgar Rice Burroughs publishes Tarzan of the Apes.
1912 - American writer Willa Cather publishes her first novel Alexander's Bridge.
1912 - Austrian psychologist Alfred Adler publishes The Neurotic Constitution.
1912 - British explorers under Scott reach the South Pole but die during their return.
1912 - French Dada artist Marcel Duchamp paints Nude Descending a Staircase.
1912 - German geophysicist Alfred Wegener formulates his continental drift hypothesis.
1912 - Morocco is divided between France and Spain after the second Moroccan crisis.
1912 - New Mexico becomes the 47th state.
1912 - Arizona becomes the 48th state.
1912 - Piltdown man is discovered in Britain, beginning an elaborate scientific hoax.
1912 - Russian dancer Vaslav Nijinsky choreographs and dances in The Afternoon of the Faun.
1912 - The Balkan League begins the first Balkan War against the Ottoman Empire.
1912 - The Treaty of Lausanne ends the Italo-Turkish War.
1912 - The liner Titanic sinks after colliding with an iceberg on her maiden voyage.
1912 - Theodore Roosevelt campaigns for the U.S. presidency under the Bull Moose ticket.
1913 - American poet Robert Frost publishes A Boy's Will.
1913 - Bertrand Russell and A.E. Whitehead publish Principia Mathematica.
1913 - Danish physicist Niels Bohr publishes his atomic theory.
1913 - English novelist D.H. Lawrence publishes Sons and Lovers.
1913 - Federal income tax is introduced in the U.S.
1913 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet The Rite of Spring causes a scandal at the Paris premiere.
1913 - Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore wins the Nobel Prize for literature.
1913 - King George I of Greece is assassinated; he is succeeded by Constantine I
1913 - Marcel Proust writes the first volume of Remembrance of Things Past.
1913 - Medical missionary Albert Schweitzer builds a hospital at Lambarene in Africa.
1913 - Russian revolutionary Joseph Stalin is exiled to Siberia by the tsarist government.
1913 - Samuel Goldwyn founds his first movie company with Jesse Lasky and Cecil B. De Mille.
1913 - Socialists Sidney and Beatrice Webb found the political journal The New Statesman.
1913 - The constructivism art movement begins in Russia.
1913 - The island of Crete is united with Greece.
1913 - The U.S. Federal Reserve System is established.
1913 - The second Balkan War begins with a Bulgarian attack on Serbia, but ends 2 months later.
1913 - Victoriano Huerta leads a military coup in Mexico; president Francisco Madero is killed.
1913 - Wilson is inaugurated as the 28th U.S. president; Thomas Marshall is vice-president.
1914 - A British expedition led by Ernest Shackleton is marooned in the Antarctic.
1914 - A German fleet defeats the British at Coronel but is decimated at the Falklands.
1914 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated in Sarajevo, precipitating World War I.
1914 - Austrian forces invade Serbia but are repulsed with heavy losses.
1914 - Black composer W.C. Handy writes the St. Louis Blues.
1914 - Charlie Chaplin develops his little tramp character in a series of slapstick films.
1914 - France, Russia, and Britain (the Allies) are at war with Germany and Austria-Hungary.
1914 - George Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion is performed for the first time.
1914 - German forces invade Belgium and France but are halted at the Marne.
1914 - German submarines begin to exact a heavy toll on Allied shipping.
1914 - Japan joins the Allies and captures the German base of Tsingtao in China.
1914 - Mack Sennett produces comedy films starring the Keystone Kops.
1914 - Parisian couturier Coco Chanel begins designing clothes.
1914 - President Wilson declares U.S. neutrality in World War I.
1914 - Russian forces invade East Prussia but are defeated at the Battle of Tannenberg.
1914 - The Panama Canal is completed, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
1914 - Turkey declares war on the Allies; Britain annexes Turkish Cyprus.
1914 - U.S. Marines land at Veracruz in Mexico; President Huerta resigns.
1915 - A German submarine torpedoes the British liner Lusitania; 124 Americans are killed.
1915 - Albert Einstein formulates his General Theory of Relativity.
1915 - Anglo-French forces land at Gallipoli in an attempt to force Turkey out of the war.
1915 - Austrian writer Franz Kafka publishes The Metamorphosis.
1915 - D. W. Griffith's movie The Birth of a Nation is shown for the first time.
1915 - Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa lead rebellions against Venustiano Carranza in Mexico.
1915 - English author Somerset Maugham publishes Of Human Bondage.
1915 - German Zeppelin airships begin bombing attacks on Britain.
1915 - Italy joins the Allies and invades Austrian territory.
1915 - President Wilson recognizes the Mexican government of Venustiano Carranza.
1915 - Serbia is overrun by the combined forces of Austria, Germany, and Bulgaria.
1915 - The Anzacs (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) fight at Gallipoli.
1915 - The Dada art and literary movement is formed.
1915 - The Germans use poison gas for the first time at Ypres on the Western Front.
1915 - U.S. Marines land in Haiti, beginning a 20-year period of military occupation.
1915 - German forces capture Poland and Lithuania.
1915 - War poet Rupert Brooke's 1914 and Other Poems is published in the year he dies.
1916 - Allied forces withdraw from Gallipoli after strong Turkish opposition.
1916 - American poet Carl Sandburg publishes his first book Chicago Poems.
1916 - British forces assault the German line at the Somme; tanks are used for the first time.
1916 - President Wilson defeats Charles Evans Hughes to win reelection.
1916 - German assaults at Verdun are repulsed by the French with great loss of life.
1916 - James Joyce publishes A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.
1916 - Jeannette Rankin becomes the first female member of U.S. House of Representatives.
1916 - Lloyd George becomes prime minister of Britain's wartime coalition government.
1916 - Margaret Sanger is arrested for opening a birth-control clinic in Brooklyn.
1916 - North Sea storms flood lowlands in the Netherlands, 10,000 lives are lost.
1916 - The British and German fleets clash at the Battle of Jutland.
1916 - The Arabs revolt against the Ottoman Turks.
1916 - The Easter Rising in Dublin is suppressed within a week by the British.
1916 - The Russian Brusilov Offensive meets with success on the Eastern Front.
1916 - The Trans-Siberian railway is completed -- the longest continuous rail line in the world.
1916 - U.S. Marines land in Santo Domingo to quell unrest; the occupation lasts until 1924.
1916 - U.S. troops under Pershing invade Mexico in retaliation for raids by Pancho Villa.
1917 - Adoption of the convoy system reduces Allied losses to German submarines.
1917 - President Woodrow Wilson begins his second term; Thomas Marshall is vice-president.
1917 - Anglo-American poet T.S. Eliot publishes The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.
1917 - Art critic and writer Guillaume Apollinaire coins the term surrealism.
1917 - Astrophysicist Karl Schwarzschild develops the black hole theory.
1917 - British forces attack the Germans in the Third Battle of Ypres.
1917 - British forces under Allenby capture Jerusalem and Bagdhad from the Turks.
1917 - Dutch artists Theo Van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian found the magazine de Stijl.
1917 - English composer Gustav Holst completes The Planets.
1917 - English humorist P.G. Wodehouse creates Bertie Wooster and his butler Jeeves.
1917 - Germany announces the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare.
1917 - The U.S. severs diplomatic relations with Germany.
1917 - Italian forces are defeated by Austria at the Battle of Caporetto.
1917 - Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung publishes The Psychology of the Unconscious.
1917 - T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) leads the Arab revolt against the Turks.
1917 - The Balfour Declaration endorses a Jewish national homeland in Palestine.
1917 - The Germans and the Bolshevik leaders talk peace; Russian troops pull back.
1917 - The Germans help Lenin return to Russia from exile in Switzerland.
1917 - The first U.S. troops arrive in Europe.
1917 - Aleksandr Kerensky heads Russia's provisional government.
1917 - The Jones Act gives all Puerto Ricans the right to U.S. citizenship.
1917 - The Russian Revolution begins; Emperor Nicholas II abdicates.
1917 - The U.S. purchases the Virgin Islands from Denmark.
1917 - The United States declares war on Germany.
1917 - The Zimmermann note proposing a secret Mexican alliance with Germany is revealed.
1917 - The disastrous Nivelle Offensive leads to mutinies in the French Army.
1917 - The earliest jazz recordings are made in New York City.
1917 - The first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded for journalism, letters and music.
1917 - The provisional Kerensky government is deposed; Bolsheviks seize power in Russia.
1918 - Advances by French, British and American armies force a general German retreat.
1918 - American astronomer Harlow Shapley discovers the dimensions of the Milky Way.
1918 - American author Booth Tarkington writes The Magnificent Ambersons.
1918 - American forces under Pershing help to stem the German offensive.
1918 - President Woodrow Wilson details his 14 points for a just and lasting peace.
1918 - German and Bolshevik leaders sign an armistice at Brest-Litovsk.
1918 - An airmail service begins among New York, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C.
1918 - An influenza pandemic begins (it kills 21-22 million in 2 years).
1918 - Austria, Poland, and Czechoslovakia become republics in the aftermath of World War I.
1918 - Bloomsbury Group member Lytton Strachey publishes Eminent Victorians.
1918 - Bolshevik leader Leon Trotsky organizes the Red Army.
1918 - Civil war breaks out between the Red and White Russian armies.
1918 - French composer Erik Satie writes Socrate.
1918 - German air ace Manfred von Richthofen (the Red Baron) is shot down and killed.
1918 - Nicholas II, the last emperor of Russia, and his family are executed by the Bolsheviks.
1918 - The German armies collapse.
1918 - Revolution breaks out in Germany; Emperor William II flees to the Netherlands.
1918 - The Germans renew their assault on the Western Front in the Ludendorff Offensive.
1918 - The Weimar Republic negotiates an armistice for Germany, ending World War I.
1918 - The Habsburg monarchy ends; Hungary becomes a republic.
1918 - The world's largest telescope is installed at Mount Wilson Observatory.
1918 - Women over 30 win the vote in Britain.
1918 - The United States issues its first airmail stamp.
1919 - Boxer Jack Dempsey knocks out Jess Willard to become heavyweight champion.
1919 - British troops massacre demonstrators at Amritsar in India.
1919 - English aviators Alcock and Brown make the first nonstop transatlantic flight.
1919 - George Gershwin composes his first hit song Swanee.
1919 - German communist Rosa Luxemburg is murdered after the Sparticus uprising.
1919 - Italian leader Benito Mussolini organizes his Fascist movement.
1919 - Jan Smuts succeeds Louis Botha as prime minister of South Africa.
1919 - Lady Astor becomes the first woman member of the British House of Commons.
1919 - Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata is killed.
1919 - Russian-American anarchist Emma Goldman is deported to the Soviet Union.
1919 - The Bauhaus school of design is founded in Germany by Walter Gropius.
1919 - The Chicago White Sox conspire to fix the baseball World Series.
1919 - The German fleet is scuttled at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands.
1920 - The League of Nations is formed with Geneva in Switzerland as its headquarters.
1919 - The Paris Peace Conference opens at Versailles.
1919 - Lenin establishes the Third Communist  International (Comintern).
1919 - The Paris Peace Conference ends, resulting in the Treaty of Versailles.
1919 - The Polish-Soviet War begins over territorial disputes.
1919 - The U.S. Senate refuses to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.
1919 - The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) is formed.
1920 - A Home Rule Bill establishes parliaments for northern and southern Ireland.
1920 - Admiral Miklos Horthy is appointed regent of Hungary.
1920 - The National Socialist German Workers' (Nazi) party is founded.
1920 - American novelist Sinclair Lewis publishes Main Street.
1920 - American tennis star Bill Tilden wins the Wimbledon tournament for the first time.
1920 - British East Africa becomes a crown colony as Kenya.
1920 - Chaim Weizmann is named president of the World Zionist Organization.
1920 - Dutch artist Piet Mondrian paints the Composition with Red, Yellow and Blue.
1920 - French Art Deco glassmaker Rene Lalique opens a glass factory.
1920 - German East Africa is transferred to British control as Tanganyika (now Tanzania).
1920 - Mahatma Gandhi begins a noncooperation campaign against British rule in India.
1920 - Mexican president Venustiano Carranza is deposed and killed by Alvaro Obregon.
1920 - Mystery writer Agatha Christie publishes her first Hercule Poirot story.
1920 - Russian artist Aleksandr Rodchenko designs the first mobile.
1920 - The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is founded.
1920 - The 18th Amendment institutes the prohibition of alcohol throughout the U.S.
1920 - The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gives women the right to vote.
1920 - The Polish-Soviet War ends.
1920 - Woodrow Wilson wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
1920 - Warren G. Harding defeats James M. Cox in U.S. presidential elections.
1920 - The Russian Civil War ends with victory for the Bolsheviks.
1920 - The League of Nations holds its first meeting.
1920 - The U.S. Senate votes against joining the League of Nations.
1921 - Alexander rules the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.
1921 - American anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti are found guilty of murder.
1921 - Berber tribes under Abd el-Krim attack garrisons in Spanish Morocco.
1921 - French cubist artist Fernand Leger paints Three Women.
1921 - German surrealist artist Max Ernst paints L'Elephant celebes.
1921 - Harding is inaugurated as the 29th U.S. president; Calvin Coolidge is vice-president.
1921 - William Howard Taft is appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court.
1921 - The United States and Germany sign a peace treaty.
1921 - Japanese premier Hara Takashi is assassinated.
1921 - Latin lover Rudolph Valentino stars in the silent film The Sheik.
1921 - Luigi Pirandello's play Six Characters in Search of an Author is produced.
1921 - Mexican artist Diego Rivera begins painting murals depicting contemporary Mexican life.
1921 - The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is created by Royal Charter.
1921 - The Irish Free State becomes a self-governing dominion of Britain.
1921 - The Reparations Commission fixes Germany's liability at 132 billion gold marks.
1921 - W. L. MacKenzie King is elected prime minister of Canada for the first time.
1922 - Anglo-American poet T.S. Eliot writes The Waste Land.
1922 - Constantine I abdicates as king of Greece; is succeeded by George II.
1922 - DeWitt Wallace launches Reader's Digest magazine.
1922 - Egypt achieves independence from Britain and becomes a monarchy under Fuad I.
1922 - The Permanent Court of International Justice opens in the Hague.
1922 - Emily Post publishes Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics, and at Home.
1922 - English Egyptologist Howard Carter excavates Tutankhamen's tomb.
1922 - Explorer Roy Chapman Andrews discovers the first fossil dinosaur eggs in the Gobi desert.
1922 - Irish poet and novelist James Joyce publishes Ulysses.
1922 - Kemal Ataturk's attempts to restore Turkish territory leads to the Chanak Crisis.
1922 - Mahatma Gandhi is imprisoned for civil disobedience in India.
1922 - Robert Flaherty produces the first major film documentary Nanook of the North.
1922 - The Lincoln Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C.
1922 - The Fascists march on Rome; King Victor Emmanuel III names Mussolini prime minister.
1922 - William T. Cosgrave becomes the first prime minister of the Irish Free State.
1922 - The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is formed by Russia, Byelorussia, Ukraine, and Transcaucasia.
1923 - "King" Oliver's Creole Jazz Band is the first black band to be recorded.
1923 - Adolf Hitler's coup d'etat in Munich fails; he is captured and imprisoned.
1923 - Aircraft designer Willy Messerschmitt opens a factory in Germany.
1923 - Briton Hadden and Henry R. Luce found the weekly newsmagazine Time.
1923 - Child violinist Yehudi Menuhin makes his public debut at age 7.
1923 - Filmmaker Cecil B. De Mille directs the biblical epic The Ten Commandments.
1923 - French and Belgian troops occupy the Ruhr to enforce German war reparations.
1923 - General Miguel Primo de Rivera rules as dictator of Spain.
1923 - Irish poet William Butler Yeats wins the Nobel Prize for literature.
1923 - Jewish philosopher Martin Buber publishes Ich und Du (I and Thou).
1923 - Physicist Hermann Oberth publishes The Rocket into Planetary Space.
1923 - Spanish engineer Juan de la Cierva invents the autogiro.
1923 - Stanley Baldwin becomes Conservative prime minister of Britain for the first time.
1923 - The Treaty of Lausanne establishes the boundaries of modern Turkey.
1923 - Tokyo and Yokohama are destroyed by an earthquake; 100,000 are killed.
1923 - Turkey is declared a republic; Ataturk Kemal becomes the first president.
1923 - Vladimir Zworykin patents the iconoscope, the first television transmission tube.
1923 - Warren G. Harding dies; Calvin Coolidge is inaugurated as the 30th U.S. president.
1924 - Adolf Hitler publishes the first part of his Nazi political tract Mein Kampf (My Battle).
1924 - Arab leader Ibn Saud drives the Hashimites from Mecca.
1924 - President Calvin Coolidge defeats John W. Davis to win reelection.
1924 - English novelist E.M. Forster publishes A Passage To India.
1924 - French physicist Louis de Broglie proposes the wavelength nature of particles.
1924 - German novelist Thomas Mann publishes The Magic Mountain.
1924 - J. Edgar Hoover is appointed director of the Bureau of Investigation (renamed the FBI).
1924 - Ramsay MacDonald forms the first Labour government in Britain.
1924 - The first Winter Olympics are held at Chamonix, France.
1924 - Congress passes a law making all Native Americans U.S. citizens.
1924 - U.S. troops leave the Dominican Republic.
1924 - Soviet leader Lenin dies; new leader Joseph Stalin begins a purge of his opponents.
1924 - The Boston Bruins become the first professional ice hockey team.
1924 - The military declare a republic in Greece; King George II is exiled.
1924 - U.S. Congress investigates suspicious dealings in the Teapot Dome scandal.
1925 - Ahmed Zogu seizes power in Albania.
1925 - Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan join the Soviet Union.
1925 - American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald publishes The Great Gatsby.
1925 - American writer John Dos Passos publishes Manhattan Transfer.
1925 - Astronomer Edwin Hubble composes a classification scheme for galaxies.
1925 - Automaker Walter P. Chrysler founds the Chrysler Corporation.
1925 - African-American dancer Josephine Baker stars in La Revue negre in Paris.
1925 - Clarence Birdseye begins marketing his quick-frozen food packages.
1925 - Friedrich Ebert dies; Paul von Hindenburg becomes president of the German republic.
1925 - President Calvin Coolidge begins his first full term; Charles Dawes is vice-president.
1925 - John T. Scopes is tried in Tennessee for teaching the theory of evolution.
1925 - Reza Shah Pahlavi rules as shah of Iran.
1925 - Russian filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein directs The Battleship Potemkin.
1925 - Swiss-born artist Paul Klee paints Fish Magic.
1925 - The Locarno Pact finalizes the treaties between the World War I protagonists.
1925 - The New Yorker magazine is founded in New York City.
1925 - The all-black revue Runnin' Wild introduces the Charleston dance craze.
1926 - American artist Georgia O'Keeffe paints her flower portrait Black Iris.
1926 - American golfer Bobby Jones wins the U.S. Open and the British Open tournaments.
1926 - American physicist Robert Goddard launches the first liquid-propellant rocket.
1926 - The U.S. Army Air Corps is established.
1926 - Antonio Oscar de Fragoso Carmona becomes president after a military coup in Portugal.
1926 - Chiang Kai-shek organizes the Northern Expedition to unite China.
1926 - Eamon De Valera organizes the Fianna Fail party in the Republic of Ireland.
1926 - English author A.A. Milne writes the children's book Winnie-the-Pooh.
1926 - French troops in Morocco subdue a tribal rebellion led by Abd el-Krim.
1926 - Germany is admitted to the League of Nations.
1926 - Hirohito becomes emperor of Japan.
1926 - Nobile, Amundsen, and Ellsworth pilot the airship Norge over the North Pole.
1926 - Richard E. Byrd and Floyd Bennett make the first airplane flight over the North Pole.
1926 - Russian composer Dmitry Shostakovich premiers his First Symphony.
1926 - The General Strike breaks out in Britain involving 3 million workers.
1926 - The Harlem Globetrotters basketball team is organized in Chicago.
1926 - U.S. Marines land in Nicaragua to suppress a revolution (they depart in 1933).
1927 - American dancer Isadora Duncan is killed in a tragic car accident.
1927 - American writer Thornton Wilder publishes The Bridge of San Luis Rey.
1927 - Baseball player Babe Ruth scores a record 60 home runs for the New York Yankees.
1927 - Blackface singer Al Jolson appears in The Jazz Singer, the first sound motion picture.
1927 - Charles Lindbergh flies solo nonstop from New York to Paris in 33.5 hours.
1927 - Comedy team Laurel and Hardy appear in their first film Putting Pants on Philip.
1927 - Dancer Martha Graham opens her first dance studio in New York City.
1927 - Duke Ellington's jazz band stars at Harlem's Cotton Club in New York City.
1927 - English novelist Virginia Woolf writes To The Lighthouse.
1927 - Finnish architect Alvar Aalto designs the Turun Sanomat newspaper building.
1927 - Georges Lemaitre proposes an expanding model for the creation of the universe.
1927 - German filmmaker Fritz Lang directs the futuristic film Metropolis.
1927 - German-Swiss author Hermann Hesse publishes Steppenwolf.
1927 - The Iron Guard fascist organization is founded in Romania.
1928 - Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly across the Atlantic.
1928 - American anthropologist Margaret Mead publishes Coming of Age in Samoa.
1928 - American comedy team Amos 'n' Andy produce their first radio show.
1928 - American composer Virgil Thomson writes the opera Four Saints in Three Acts.
1928 - Arturo Toscanini is made conductor of the New York Philharmonic.
1928 - Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur's play The Front Page is produced.
1928 - Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill collaborate on the play The Threepenny Opera.
1928 - British bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin.
1928 - Chiang Kai-shek captures Peking; the Kuomintang government is established.
1928 - Ahmed Zogu proclaims Albania a monarchy and rules as King Zog.
1928 - Mexican president Alvaro Obregon is assassinated.
1928 - English novelist Evelyn Waugh publishes Decline and Fall.
1928 - English physicist Paul Dirac formulates a mathematical description of elementary particles.
1928 - French composer Maurice Ravel composes the ballet Bolero.
1928 - Luis Bunuel and Salvador Dali collaborate on the surrealist film Un Chien andalou.
1928 - Spanish poet Federico Garcia Lorca publishes Gypsy Ballads.
1928 - The Chaco War breaks out between Bolivia and Paraguay over territorial disputes.
1928 - The Kellogg-Briand Pact outlawing war is signed by 15 nations.
1928 - The first Five-Year Plan for economic reform begins in the Soviet Union.
1928 - Herbert Hoover defeats Alfred E. Smith in the U.S. presidential election.
1928 - Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse appears in Steamboat Willie, the first sound cartoon.
1929 - Alexander institutes absolute rule as king of Yugoslavia.
1929 - American explorer Richard E. Byrd flies over the South Pole.
1929 - American novelist William Faulkner publishes The Sound and the Fury.
1929 - British poet Robert Graves publishes his war memoir Goodbye To All That.
1929 - Erich Maria Remarque publishes his war novel All Quiet On the Western Front.
1929 - Ernest Hemingway writes the war novel A Farewell To Arms.
1929 - French artist and writer Jean Cocteau publishes Les Enfants Terribles.
1929 - Heinrich Himmler is appointed head of the SS, Hitler's blackshirted elite guard.
1929 - Herbert Hoover is inaugurated as the 31st U.S. president; Charles Curtis is vice-president.
1929 - Jews and Arabs clash at the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem.
1929 - Tadzhikstan becomes a republic of the Soviet Union.
1929 - Seven Chicago gangsters are machine-gunned in the St. Valentine's Day Massacre.
1929 - Soviet leader Joseph Stalin exiles Leon Trotsky.
1929 - The Lateran Treaty creates the independent state of the Vatican City.
1929 - The Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) is founded in New York City.
1929 - The Wall Street crash leads to a world-wide economic depression.
1929 - The Workers Party of America is renamed the Communist Party of the United States.
1929 - The first Academy Awards are presented; Wings wins best-picture prize.
1930 - American artist Edward Hopper paints Early Sunday Morning.
1930 - American astronomer Clyde W. Tombaugh discovers the planet Pluto.
1930 - American poet Hart Crane publishes The Bridge.
1930 - Artist Grant Wood paints American Gothic.
1930 - British engineer Frank Whittle patents a gas turbine engine for jet aircraft.
1930 - Carol II is proclaimed king of Romania.
1930 - Dashiell Hammett publishes the detective novel The Maltese Falcon.
1930 - English-born American writer W. H. Auden publishes his Poems.
1930 - Getulio Vargas is appointed president of Brazil after a military coup.
1930 - Haile Selassie is crowned emperor of Ethiopia.
1930 - Congress establishes the Veterans Administration.
1930 - Some 1,300 banks have closed since the stock-market crash; unemployment is 4.5 million.
1930 - Marlene Dietrich stars in Josef von Sternberg's film The Blue Angel.
1930 - Noel Coward's play Private Lives is produced in London.
1930 - The city of Constantinople is renamed Istanbul.
1930 - Vannevar Bush develops a differential analyzer, an early type of analog computer.
1931 - American cartoonist Chester Gould creates the adventure comic strip Dick Tracy.
1931 - American journalist and writer Damon Runyon publishes Guys and Dolls.
1931 - American writer Pearl Buck publishes The Good Earth.
1931 - Auguste Piccard makes the first manned balloon flight into the stratosphere.
1931 - Ben Shahn begins a series of paintings inspired by the Sacco-Vanzetti case.
1931 - Chicago gangster Al Capone is jailed for income tax evasion.
1931 - Explorer George Hubert Wilkins makes a submarine voyage under the Arctic ice.
1931 - Japanese forces occupy Manchuria.
1931 - Organic chemist W. H. Carothers invents nylon, the first successful synthetic fiber.
1931 - Radio astronomy begins when Karl Jansky detects radio waves from space.
1931 - Spain is declared a republic following the abdication of King Alfonso XIII.
1931 - The Empire State Building becomes the tallest building in the world.
1931 - The Star-Spangled Banner becomes the U.S. national anthem.
1931 - The George Washington Bridge between New York City and New Jersey opens.
1932 - American physicist Carl D. Anderson discovers the positron.
1932 - American sculptor Alexander Calder creates his first mobile.
1932 - American southern author Erskine Caldwell publishes Tobacco Road.
1932 - Antonio de Oliveira Salazar assumes dictatorial powers as premier of Portugal.
1932 - Arab leader Ibn Saud founds the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
1932 - British author Aldous Huxley publishes Brave New World.
1932 - Charles Lindbergh's infant son is kidnapped.
1932 - Eamon de Valera is elected president of the Republic of Ireland.
1932 - Extremists assassinate Japanese prime minister Ki Tauyoshi.
1932 - Engelbert Dollfuss is elected chancellor of Austria.
1932 - English physicist James Chadwick discovers the neutron.
1932 - Franklin D. Roosevelt, pledging the country a New Deal, defeats President Hoover in the presidential election.
1932 - Radio City Music Hall opens in New York City's Rockefeller Center.
1932 - Revolution in Siam (Thailand) replaces the monarchy with a constitutional government.
1932 - Sir Oswald Mosley founds the British Union of Fascists.
1932 - U.S. unemployment reaches 5.6 million; industrial production is one-third that of 1929.
1932 - Iraq, through a British League of Nations mandate, gains its independence.
1932 - The Bonus Army of war veterans is dispersed by troops in Washington, D.C.
1932 - The Royal Shakespeare Theater opens at Stratford-on-Avon, England.
1932 - The first particle accelerator is built at the Cavendish Laboratory in England.
1932 - The Harbour Bridge opens in Sydney, Australia.
1933 - A fossilized skull of the prehistoric Steinheim man is found in Germany.
1933 - Busby Berkeley choreographs the dances for the film Gold Diggers of 1933.
1933 - Dancers Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers star in the film Flying Down to Rio.
1933 - Edwin Armstrong invents frequency modulation (FM) to eliminate radio static.
1933 - Fiorello La Guardia is elected mayor of New York City for the first time.
1933 - The U.S. and USSR establish diplomatic relations for the first time.
1933 - Frances Perkins becomes the first woman cabinet member in U.S. history.
1933 - French novelist and political activist Andre Malraux publishes Man's Fate.
1933 - Fulgencio Batista leads a military coup against Gerardo Machado y Morales in Cuba.
1933 - Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey found their first swing band.
1933 - Joseph Goebbels is appointed as minister of propaganda for the Nazi party.
1933 - Mae West stars in the films She Done Him Wrong and I'm No Angel.
1933 - Norwegian fascist Vidkun Quisling founds the National Unity party.
1933 - President Paul von Hindenburg names Adolf Hitler as chancellor of Germany.
1933 - Roosevelt is inaugurated as the 32nd U.S. president; John Nance Garner is vice-president.
1933 - Roosevelt orders all banks closed for a week.
1933 - The 21st Amendment ends the prohibition era in the U.S.
1933 - The Marx Brothers star in the classic comedy film Duck Soup.
1933 - The National Recovery Administration (NRA) is launched by President Roosevelt.
1933 - Congress establishes the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).
1933 - The Nazis erect the first concentration camp at Dachau, Germany.
1933 - The United States abandons the gold standard.
1933 - The Public Works Administration (PWA) is formed to fund public construction projects.
1933 - Congress begins passing Roosevelt's New Deal legislation.
1933 - The Reichstag fire gives the Nazis a pretext for outlawing the German Communist party.
1934 - Alexander, king of Yugoslavia, is assassinated; his son Peter II succeeds him.
1934 - American cartoonist Al Capp begins the comic strip Li'l Abner.
1934 - Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss is murdered by Austrian Nazis.
1934 - Cole Porter writes the score for the Broadway musical Anything Goes.
1934 - Drought leads to severe dust storms in the Dust Bowl region of the Great Plains.
1934 - Elijah Muhammad becomes leader of the Nation of Islam (the Black Muslims).
1934 - George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein found The School of American Ballet.
1934 - Henry Miller publishes the Tropic of Cancer. (It is banned in the U.S. until 1961.)
1934 - Hitler becomes Fuhrer (leader) of Germany after Hindenburg's death.
1934 - U.S. troops leave Haiti.
1934 - The Soviet Union joins the League of Nations.
1934 - John Dillinger, public enemy number one, is killed by the FBI.
1934 - Lazaro Cardenas is chosen by Plutarco Calles as president of Mexico.
1934 - Lillian Hellman's play The Children's Hour is produced.
1934 - Mao Tse-tung leads the Chinese Communists on the Long March.
1934 - Naturalist Charles W. Beebe makes a record dive of 3,028 ft in a bathyscaphe.
1934 - SA leader Ernst Roehm is assassinated on the orders of Hitler.
1934 - Surrealist artist Rene Magritte paints The Human Condition.
1934 - The British ocean liner Queen Mary is launched.
1934 - The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is formed to regulate broadcasting.
1934 - The National Labor Relations Board is established.
1934 - The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is formed to protect U.S. investors.
1935 - American writer Thomas Wolfe publishes Of Time and the River.
1935 - Arthur Dempster discovers U-235, the isotope of uranium used in atomic bombs.
1935 - Child film actress Shirley Temple stars in The Little Colonel.
1935 - Controversial Louisiana senator Huey P. Long is assassinated.
1935 - The Works Progress Administration (WPA) creates jobs for unemployed Americans.
1935 - The Social Security Act is signed into law.
1935 - Eduard Benes succeeds Tomas Masaryk as president of Czechoslovakia.
1935 - The Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay ends.
1935 - Filmmaker Alfred Hitchcock directs The 39 Steps.
1935 - George Gershwin composes the modern American opera Porgy and Bess.
1935 - Hitler announces German rearmament in violation of the Treaty of Versailles.
1935 - Italy invades Abyssinia (now Ethiopia).
1935 - The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) is formed.
1935 - King of Swing Benny Goodman forms the Benny Goodman Trio.
1935 - Leni Riefenstahl directs the Nazi propaganda film Triumph of the Will.
1935 - Physicist Hideki Yukawa predicts the existence of the meson subatomic particle.
1935 - Robert Sherwood's play The Petrified Forest is produced.
1935 - Scottish physicist Robert Watson-Watt patents the first practical radar system.
1935 - Swedish film actress Greta Garbo stars in Anna Karenina.
1935 - The Monopoly board game is patented in the U.S.
1935 - The Moscow subway is opened.
1935 - The Nuremberg Racial Laws deprive German Jews of their citizenship.
1935 - The monarchy is restored in Greece under George II.
1936 - Black athlete Jesse Owens wins 4 gold medals at the Berlin Olympic Games.
1936 - Boulder Dam is completed in Arizona (it is renamed Hoover Dam in 1947).
1936 - Edward VIII abdicates as king of Great Britain; he is succeeded by George VI.
1936 - HItler and Mussolini announce the Rome-Berlin Axis (alliance).
1936 - Roosevelt defeats Alfred M. Landon in the U.S. presidential election.
1936 - Henry R. Luce begins publishing Life magazine.
1936 - Ioannis Metaxas establishes a dictatorship in Greece.
1936 - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Kazakhstan join the Soviet Union.
1936 - Italy and Germany send military forces and aid to support Franco in Spain.
1936 - Italy annexes Abyssinia (Ethiopia); Emperor Haile Selassie is exiled.
1936 - Hitler reoccupies the Rhineland.
1936 - Japan concludes the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany.
1936 - John Maynard Keynes writes The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.
1936 - Margaret Mitchell publishes her only novel Gone With the Wind.
1936 - Stalin begins the Great Purge of Soviet Russia's political and military leadership.
1936 - The British Broadcasting Service (BBC) begins the first public television service.
1936 - The Soviet Union and the International Brigades support the Nationalists in Spain.
1936 - The Spanish Civil War begins when General Franco leads a military revolt.
1936 - The works of the composer Dmitry Shostakovich are denounced in Russia.
1937 - American author John Steinbeck publishes Of Mice and Men.
1937 - Anastasio Somoza Garcia becomes president of Nicaragua.
1937 - Aviatrix Amelia Earhart disappears in the Pacific during a  flight around the world.
1937 - Ballet dancer Margot Fonteyn debuts in Giselle at Sadler's Wells, London.
1937 - Danish author Isak Dinesen publishes her autobiography Out of Africa.
1937 - English writer and scholar J.R.R. Tolkien publishes the fantasy novel The Hobbit.
1937 - Farouk succeeds Fuad I as king of Egypt.
1937 - Frank Lloyd Wright begins building the Taliesin West complex in Arizona.
1937 - French filmmaker Jean Renoir directs Grand Illusion.
1937 - German aircraft supporting Franco's forces destroy the town of Guernica in Spain.
1937 - President Roosevelt begins his second term; John Nance Garner is vice-president.
1937 - Joe Louis, the Brown Bomber, wins the heavyweight boxing championship.
1937 - Nationalist and Communist forces unite to combat the Japanese in China.
1937 - Neville Chamberlain succeeds Stanley Baldwin as prime minister of Britain.
1937 - Swing bandleader Artie Shaw records Begin the Beguine.
1937 - The Duke of Windsor (former King Edward VIII) marries the divorcee Mrs. Simpson.
1937 - The German airship Hindenburg is destroyed by fire at Lakehurst, N.J.
1937 - The Golden Gate Bridge is opened in San Francisco.
1937 - The Japanese invasion of China begins the Second Sino-Japanese War.
1937 - Germany opens the concentration camp at Buchenwald.
1937 - Italy joins the German-Japanese Anti-Comintern Pact.
1937 - Italy withdraws from the league of Nations.
1937 - The Japanese bomb the U.S. gunboat Panay in the Yangtze River.
1938 - A coelacanth, a fish thought extinct for 65 million years, is caught off the cost of Africa.
1938 - American composer Aaron Copland writes the ballet score for Billy the Kid.
1938 - American singer Ella Fitzgerald records A-tisket, A-tasket.
1938 - British prime minister Neville Chamberlain declares "peace for our time."
1938 - Chamberlain and Daladier appease Hitler at the Munich Conference.
1938 - Chester Carlson invents xerography, the first electrostatic dry-copying process.
1938 - Don Budge becomes the first player to win the Grand Slam (4 tennis championships).
1938 - General Franco isolates the Republican forces in Spain and attacks Catalonia.
1938 - German chemist Otto Hahn discovers the principles of nuclear fission.
1938 - Germany occupies the Sudetenland in western Czechoslovakia.
1938 - Hitler invades Austria; a union (Anschluss) of Austria and Germany is proclaimed.
1938 - Mexico nationalizes foreign-owned oil companies.
1938 - The U.S. Congress establishes a national minimum wage.
1938 - Hungarian Lajos Biro invents the first practical ball-point pen.
1938 - Ismet Inonu succeeds Kemal Atuturk as president of Turkey.
1938 - Jewish property is attacked in Germany in the Kristallnacht (night of broken glass).
1938 - Jewish psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud flees to England to escape Nazi persecution.
1938 - Orson Welles' radio broadcast of War of the Worlds causes panic in the U.S.
1938 - Swing musician Glenn Miller organizes his band.
1938 - The House Committee on Un-American Activities investigates U.S. subversives.
1938 - The U.S. and Britain send aid to the Chinese in their war against Japan.
1938 - Thornton Wilder wins the Pulitzer Prize for his play Our Town.
1938 - Walt Disney's feature-length cartoon Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is shown.
1939 - American novelist John Steinbeck publishes The Grapes of Wrath.
1939 - Britain and France declare war on Germany but are unable to aid Poland.
1939 - Child film actress Judy Garland stars in the musical The Wizard of Oz.
1939 - Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh star in the film Gone With the Wind.
1939 - English author Christopher Isherwood publishes Goodbye to Berlin.
1939 - Foreign ministers Ribbentrop and Molotov sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact of nonaggression.
1939 - General Franco's forces capture Madrid, ending the Spanish Civil War.
1939 - Germany completes the conquest of  Czechoslovakia.
1939 - Germany and Italy form the Pact of Steel military alliance.
1939 - Germany invades Poland, beginning World War II.
1939 - Igor Sikorsky develops America's first successful helicopter.
1939 - Italian forces occupy Albania; King Zog is forced into exile.
1939 - The New York World's Fair opens.
1939 - Britain repudiates the 1917 Balfour Declaration
1939 - Transatlantic passenger air service begins.
1939 - Physical chemist Linus Pauling publishes The Nature of the Chemical Bond.
1939 - President Roosevelt (prompted by Einstein) orders a U.S. effort to build an atomic bomb.
1939 - President Roosevelt declares U.S. neutrality in World War II.
1939 - Robert Gordon Menzies succeeds Joseph Lyons as prime minister of Australia.
1939 - Soviet troops invade Poland; Germany and the USSR partition the country.
1939 - A British Expeditionary Force is sent to France.
1939 - Swiss chemist Paul Muller discovers the chemical insecticide DDT.
1939 - The He 176, the first jet airplane, takes to the air in Germany.
1939 - The Russo-Finnish War begins with the Soviet invasion of Finland.
1939 - The first nylon stockings are marketed.
1940 - American novelist Carson McCullers publishes The Heart is a Lonely Hunter.
1940 - British air victory in the Battle of Britain prevents the German invasion of England.
1940 - Ernest Hemingway publishes For Whom the Bell Tolls.
1940 - Exiled revolutionary Leon Trotsky is assassinated in Mexico on Stalin's orders.
1940 - The United States' first peacetime draft is approved.
1940 - The United States ends the sale of scrap iron and steel to Japan.
1940 - General Charles de Gaulle rallies Free French resistance in London.
1940 - The Battle of Britain starts as the Germans mount their first air attacks against Britain.
1940 - German forces reach Paris; Vichy France under Marshal Petain signs an armistice.
1940 - Germany invades Denmark and Norway; Allied forces aid Norway but are defeated.
1940 - The Russo-Finnish War ends.
1940 - Italian forces invade Egypt but are repulsed; the British invade Libya.
1940 - Italy declares war on the Allies and invades southern France.
1940 - Japan joins the Axis alliance and occupies northern French Indochina (Vietnam).
1940 - President Roosevelt defeats Wendell Willkie to win reelection.
1940 - King Carol II of Romania abdicates; Romania and Hungary join the Axis forces.
1940 - Prehistoric cave paintings are discovered at Lascaux in France.
1940 - Raymond Chandler publishes the detective novel Farewell, My Lovely.
1940 - The British expeditionary force is evacuated from Dunkerque in France.
1940 - The German army begins a blitzkrieg attack on Holland, Belgium, and France.
1940 - The Soviet Union annexes the Baltic States of Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia.
1940 - The Tacoma Narrows bridge collapses because of oscillations caused by the wind.
1940 - Richard Wright publishes Native Son.
1940 - Winston Churchill becomes British prime minister after Chamberlain resigns.
1941 - A British task force sinks the German pocket battleship Bismarck.
1941 - Baseball player Joe DiMaggio sets a new record for hitting in 56 consecutive games.
1941 - Churchill and Roosevelt's Atlantic Charter meeting establishes war and peace aims.
1941 - German U-boats inflict heavy losses on British shipping in the Battle of the Atlantic.
1941 - German paratroopers land on Crete and capture the island from the British.
1941 - German playwright Bertholt Brecht writes Mother Courage and Her Children.
1941 - Germany invades Yugoslavia and Greece; British forces are evacuated to Crete.
1941 - Germany invades the Soviet Union.
1941 - Gutzon Borglum completes the sculptured heads of four presidents at Mount Rushmore.
1941 - Ho Chi Minh organizes the Viet Minh to combat the Japanese in Indochina.
1941 - Japanese forces capture Hong Kong and invade Malaya and the Philippines.
1941 - The Japanese capture Wake Island.
1941 - The Japanese conquer Hong Kong.
1941 - Karsh's photographic portrait of Churchill becomes a symbol of British resistance.
1941 - Nazi leader Rudolf Hess flies to England on a quixotic peace mission.
1941 - Orson Welles directs the film Citizen Kane.
1941 - President Roosevelt talks of Four Freedoms in his State of the Union speech.
1941 - President Roosevelt is inaugurated for a third term; Henry Wallace is vice-president.
1941 - The German Africa Corps under Erwin Rommel begins an offensive in North Africa.
1941 - The German Blitz, the nighttime bombing of London, is at its height.
1941 - The Japanese capture Guam.
1941 - British forces oust the Italians from Ethiopia.
1941 - The German advance on Moscow is halted by the winter weather.
1941 - The Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor; America enters World War II.
1941 - The Japanese occupy Indochina and move into Cambodia (Kampuchea) and Thailand.
1941 - The United States declares war on Japan, Germany, and Italy.
1941 - The Lend-Lease Act allows the transfer of U.S. war materials to Britain and China.
1941 - The U.S. freezes Japanese assets in retaliation for Japan's territorial aggression.
1941 - U.S. troops occupy Iceland to forestall its occupation by Germany.
1942 - A Russian counterattack isolates the Sixth Army at Stalingrad; Hitler orders no retreat.
1942 - A U.S. fleet defeats the Japanese at the Battle of Midway.
1942 - Japanese forces capture Attu in the Aleutian Islands.
1942 - Actor James Cagney wins an Academy Award for the film Yankee Doodle Dandie.
1942 - American B-25 bombers make the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo.
1942 - American and Filipino forces retreat to the Bataan Peninsula in the Philippines.
1942 - American crooner Bing Crosby records the hit song White Christmas.
1942 - American forces in the Philippines surrender; the Bataan death march begins.
1942 - American humorist James Thurber publishes The Secret Life of Walter Mitty.
1942 - French writer Albert Camus publishes The Stranger.
1942 - Gandhi is arrested after the Quit India movement demands a British withdrawal.
1942 - General MacArthur is ordered to the leave the Philippines; he vows I shall return.
1942 - German forces occupy Vichy France; the French fleet is scuttled in Toulon harbor.
1942 - Hitler proposes the Final Solution of the Jewish Question; the Holocaust begins.
1942 - Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman star in the classic film Casablanca.
1942 - Italian filmmaker Luchino Visconti directs his first film Ossessione.
1942 - Manhattan Project scientists under Fermi produce the first controlled chain reaction.
1942 - The British Eighth Army under Montgomery begins a new drive into Libya.
1942 - Rommel's Africa Corps capture Tobruk and drive the British back to Egypt.
1942 - The German advance in the Caucasus is halted at Stalingrad (now Volgograd).
1942 - The German advance on Egypt is halted at the Battle of El-Alamein.
1942 - The Japanese conquer Malaya, Singapore, Indonesia and Burma.
1942 - The RAF makes the first 1,000 bomber raid on the German city of Cologne.
1942 - The Soviet southern offensive is halted; the Germans advance on the Caucasus.
1942 - The U.S. government transfers 110,000 Japanese Americans to internment camps.
1942 - U.S. Marines invade Guadalcanal, beginning the campaign of reconquest.
1942 - U.S. forces under General Eisenhower invade Morocco and Algeria.
1942 - V-2 (Vengeance Weapon 2) rockets are tested at Peenemunde in Germany.
1943 - American aircraft join the RAF in round the clock bombing of Germany.
1943 - American author Carson McCullers publishes The Ballad of the Sad Cafe.
1943 - American writer Ayn Rand publishes The Fountainhead.
1943 - Churchill and Roosevelt meet at Casablanca to plan their war strategy.
1943 - Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin meet at the Tehran Conference.
1943 - French existentialist writer Jean Paul Sartre publishes Being and Nothingness.
1943 - French writer and feminist Simone de Beauvoir publishes She Came to Stay.
1943 - German paratroopers rescue Mussolini.
1943 - Marine explorer Jacques-Yves Cousteau invents the Aqualung (scuba).
1943 - Marshal Badoglio signs an armistice with the Allies; Italy declares war on Germany.
1943 - Mussolini is deposed; Marshal Badoglio assumes power in Italy.
1943 - Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein's musical Oklahoma! is produced.
1943 - Robert Oppenheimer establishes the Los Alamos laboratory to build the atomic bomb.
1943 - Singer Paul Robeson stars in the title role of the Broadway production of Othello.
1943 - The Jefferson Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C.
1943 - The Allied armies invade and capture Sicily.
1943 - The Allies invade the southern tip of Italy.
1943 - The U.S. Fifth Army captures Naples.
1943 - The British and American armies link up in Africa; the North African campaign ends.
1943 - The German Sixth Army surrenders at Stalingrad; 100,000 are taken prisoner.
1943 - U.S. and Australian planes destroy a Japanese convoy in the Battle of the Bismark Sea.
1943 - The Germans suppress a revolt by Polish Jews; the Warsaw ghetto is destroyed.
1943 - U.S. forces recapture the Aleutian island of Attu.
1943 - The Russian offensive reaches the Dnepr River; Kiev and Smolensk are recaptured.
1943 - The Russians defeat the Germans at Kursk in the largest tank battle in history.
1944 - Aaron Copland composes the ballet Appalachian Spring.
1944 - Allied D-Day invasion forces land at Normandy in northern France.
1944 - Two months after D-Day, Allied forces  liberate Paris.
1944 - Allied forces in Italy land behind the German Gustav Line at Anzio.
1944 - Gen. Eisenhower assumes the post of Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force.
1944 - American forces drive the Japanese out of the Marshall Islands.
1944 - American aircraft from the Marianas begin the strategic bombing of Japan.
1944 - American forces under General Mark Clark occupy Rome.
1944 - An Allied invasion force lands in southern France.
1944 - British forces begin the reconquest of Burma from the Japanese.
1944 - British forces occupy Athens and intervene in a communist-inspired civil war.
1944 - The U.S. defeats a Japanese fleet at the Battle of Leyte Gulf
1944 - Communist resistance fighters under Josip Broz-Tito liberate Yugoslavia.
1944 - English writer Somerset Maugham publishes The Razor's Edge.
1944 - French novelist Colette writes Gigi.
1944 - German officers attempt to assassinate Hitler.
1944 - Oswald Avery determines that DNA is the hereditary material of the cell.
1944 - Polish resistance fighters are defeated by the Germans in the Warsaw Uprising.
1944 - Romania and Bulgaria sign an armistice with the Allies and declare war on Germany.
1944 - Roosevelt defeats Thomas E. Dewey and is reelected for an unprecedented fourth term.
1944 - Soviet forces cross the Romanian border and reconquer the Crimea.
1944 - Soviet forces reach the suburbs of Warsaw in Poland.
1944 - Tennessee Williams' play The Glass Menagerie is produced.
1944 - The G.I. Bill of Rights is established to provide assistance to war veterans.
1944 - The German army launches the Battle of the Bulge, its last counteroffensive.
1944 - The Soviet's relieve the city of Leningrad after a German siege lasting 890 days.
1944 - Some 660 U.S. bombers raid Berlin.
1944 - The Allies begin to drive the Japanese out of Netherlands New Guinea.
1944 - The U.S. First Army occupies Aachen -- the first German city to fall to the Allies.
1944 - The World Bank is established to assist European postwar recovery.
1944 - Iceland declares its independence from Denmark.
1944 - U.S. Marines invade Guam and Saipan in the Marianas.
1944 - U.S. forces under Admiral Nimitz defeat a Japanese fleet in the Battle of the Philippine Sea.
1944 - V-1 (and later the V-2) weapons of vengeance are launched against London.
1945 - Advancing Allied armies discover Nazi extermination camps.
1945 - Allied forces cross the Rhine and begin the final assault on Germany.
1945 - U.S. Marines capture Iwo Jima.
1945 - British actor Laurence Olivier wins critical acclaim for his portrayal of Richard III.
1945 - British author George Orwell publishes the satirical fable Animal Farm.
1945 - Charlie "Bird" Parker and Dizzy Gillespie make the first bebop recordings.
1945 - Churchill is defeated in the British elections by Labour leader Clement Attlee.
1945 - Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin meet at the Yalta Conference.
1945 - President Roosevelt is inaugurated for his fourth term; Harry S. Truman is vice-president.
1945 - Churchill, Truman, and Stalin hold the last wartime conference at Potsdam.
1945 - The United States tests an atomic bomb at Alamagordo, New Mexico.
1945 - Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan, and Yemen form the Arab League.
1945 - French dramatist Jean Giraudoux writes the play The Madwoman of Chaillot.
1945 - General MacArthur heads the U.S. occupation forces in Japan.
1945 - German jet aircraft are unable to prevent mass Allied air attacks.
1945 - German rocket engineer Wernher Von Braun continues his research in the U.S.
1945 - Germany and Austria are divided between the Allies into 4 zones of occupation.
1945 - U.S. Marines capture Okinawa.
1945 - Hitler commits suicide in his Berlin bunker; Germany surrenders to the Allies.
1945 - Ho Chi Minh proclaims the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
1945 - Indonesian nationalists led by Sukarno proclaim the nation independent.
1945 - Japan signs an armistice with the Allies, ending World War II.
1945 - Korea is divided between U.S. and Soviet occupation forces along the 38th parallel.
1945 - Marshal Zhukov's Soviet troops launch the final attack on Berlin.
1945 - Mussolini is killed by Italian partisans.
1945 - German forces in Italy surrender.
1945 - Nationalists and Communist forces resume their civil war in China.
1945 - Romulo Betancourt becomes president of Venezuela for the first time.
1945 - Roosevelt dies; Harry S. Truman is inaugurated as the 33rd U.S. president.
1945 - U.S. troops capture Manila.
1945 - Russian and American forces link up at the Elbe River south of Berlin.
1945 - Suicide attacks by Japanese kamikaze pilots are unable to stem the U.S. advances.
1945 - The Soviet Union declares war on Japan.
1945 - The U.S. drops atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
1945 - World War II ends in the Pacific.
1945 - The United Nations is formed; Trygve Halvdan Lie becomes secretary-general (1946).
1945 - The trial of Nazi war criminals begins at Nuremberg in Germany.
1945 - Tito becomes head of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
1945 - U.S. forces under MacArthur liberate the Philippines.
1946 - American author Robert Penn Warren publishes All the King's Men.
1946 - Communists abolish the monarchy in Bulgaria; Georgi Dimitrov becomes premier.
1946 - Twelve Nazi leaders are sentenced to death at the Nuremberg Trials.
1946 - Dr. Spock publishes The Commonsense Book of Baby and Child Care.
1946 - EAM-ELAS communist forces begin a civil war in Greece.
1946 - ENIAC, the first successful electronic digital computer, becomes operational.
1946 - Elections in Italy abolish the monarchy in favor of a republic.
1946 - General De Gaulle resigns as president of France; the Fourth Republic is formed.
1946 - Greek author Nikos Kazantzakis publishes Zorba the Greek.
1946 - Juan Peron is elected president of Argentina.
1946 - The United Nations General Assembly meets for the first time in London.
1946 - MacArthur promotes Japanese democracy with the emperor as constitutional monarch.
1946 - Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini becomes the first U.S. citizen to be canonized.
1946 - Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier designs Unite d'Habitation in Marseilles.
1946 - The Philippines are granted independence with Manuel Roxas y Acuna as president.
1946 - The Viet Minh begin a guerrilla war against the French in Indochina (Vietnam).
1946 - Lebanon becomes independent.
1946 - Syria becomes independent.
1946 - Winston Churchill describes the Iron Curtain created in Europe by the Soviets.
1947 - Artist Jackson Pollock produces Full Fathom Five using drip paint techniques.
1947 - Artist Mark Rothko begins experimenting with Color-field painting.
1947 - Baseball player Jackie Robinson becomes the first black to play in the major leagues.
1947 - British atomic bomb scientist Klaus Fuchs is arrested for giving information to the USSR.
1947 - Chuck Yeager breaks the sound barrier for the first time in an X-1 rocket plane.
1947 - Conductor Sir Thomas Beecham forms the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in London.
1947 - Dennis Gabor invents holography, a means of producing a three-dimensional image.
1947 - Edwin Land demonstrates the single-step Polaroid Land Camera.
1947 - English composer Benjamin Britten writes the opera Peter Grimes.
1947 - French fashion designer Christian Dior opens his own couture house.
1947 - French literary figure Andre Gide wins the Nobel Prize for literature.
1947 - Gheorghiu-Dej heads the Romanian Communist party; King Michael abdicates.
1947 - India becomes independent and is divided into the nations of India and Pakistan.
1947 - Jawaharlal Nehru becomes the first prime minister of India.
1947 - Princess Elizabeth marries Philip Mountbatten, duke of Edinburgh.
1947 - Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdahl sails on the balsa raft Kon Tiki from Peru to Polynesia.
1947 - Tennessee Williams' play A Streetcar Named Desire is produced.
1947 - The Dead Sea Scrolls, a collection of ancient Hebrew documents, are discovered.
1947 - The U.S. Marshall Plan for economic recovery in Europe is established.
1947 - Frederik IX succeeds Christian X as king of Denmark
1947 - Congress approves the Truman Doctrine giving aid to Greece and Turkey.
1947 - Communists overthrow the Hungarian government.
1947 - The United Nations elect to partition Palestine into Arab and Jewish states.
1947 - The first India-Pakistan War begins when Pakistani tribesmen invade Kashmir.
1947 - The story of a Jewish victim of the Nazis, The Diary of Anne Frank, is published.
1948 - Alfred Kinsey publishes his report on Sexual Behavior in the Human Male.
1948 - American opera singer Beverly Sills debuts in Bizet's Carmen.
1948 - American writer Norman Mailer publishes the war novel The Naked and the Dead.
1948 - Arab armies invade Israel in the first Arab-Israeli War.
1948 - Britain grants independence to Burma.
1948 - Communist leader Kim Il Sung establishes the People's Republic of Korea (N. Korea).
1948 - President Truman defeats Thomas E. Dewey to win reelection.
1948 - Prime Minister Tojo Hideki and other Japanese war criminals are hanged.
1948 - Dutch track star Fanny Blankers-Koen wins four gold medals in the Olympic Games.
1948 - George Balanchine's Ballet Society is renamed the New York City Ballet.
1948 - Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by a Hindu fanatic.
1948 - The Organization of American States (OAS) is founded.
1948 - The Communists seize power in Czechoslovakia.
1948 - Italian filmmaker Vittorio De Sica directs The Bicycle Thieves.
1948 - Palestinian Jews proclaim the independent state of Israel.
1948 - Stalin expels Yugoslavia from the Communist bloc.
1948 - The Communist party assumes power in Hungary under Matyas Rakosi.
1948 - The Malayan Communist party begins an insurrection against British rule.
1948 - The Republic of Korea (S. Korea) is inaugurated, Syngman Rhee becomes president.
1948 - The Soviets blockade West Berlin; Britain and the U.S. begin the Berlin Airlift.
1948 - The transistor is invented at Bell Laboratories in the U.S.
1948 - The apartheid policy of racial segregation is made official in South Africa.
1949 - Abstract artist Robert Motherwell begins his series Elegy to the Spanish Republic.
1949 - Architect Philip Johnson designs the Glass House in New Caanan, Conn.
1949 - Arthur Miller's play Death of a Salesman is produced.
1949 - British abstract sculptor Henry Moore completes the bronze Family Group.
1949 - British author George Orwell publishes the futuristic novel Nineteen Eighty-Four.
1949 - Civil war ends in Greece with the defeat of the Communist forces.
1949 - Communists under Mao defeat the Nationalists and form the People's Republic of China.
1949 - Konrad Adenauer becomes the first chancellor of West Germany.
1949 - Miles Davis makes the first "cool" jazz records.
1949 - Nationalist Chinese forces under Chiang Kai-shek flee to the island of Taiwan.
1949 - Rogers and Hammerstein's Broadway musical South Pacific is produced.
1949 - The Hashimite Kingdom of Transjordan is renamed as Jordan.
1949 - The Netherlands grants independence to Indonesia (formerly the Dutch East Indies).
1949 - The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is formed to deter Soviet aggression.
1949 -  Communist nations establish the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON).
1949 - President Truman is inaugurated for his first full term; Alben Barkley is vice-president.
1949 - The Soviet Union ends the blockade of Berlin.
1949 - Newfoundland becomes the 10th province of Canada.
1949 - The Republic of Ireland is proclaimed.
1949 - The Republic of Germany (West Germany) is established by the Western powers.
1949 - The Soviet Union detonates its first atomic bomb.
1949 - The Soviets establish the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
1949 - The first India-Pakistan War ends with the partition of Kashmir.
1949 - The United Nations Building is dedicated in New York City.
1950 - Adnan Menderes replaces Ismet Inonu as prime minister of Turkey.
1950 - Cartoonist Charles Schulz creates the Peanuts comic strip.
1950 - Chinese forces invade Tibet, which is officially annexed in 1951.
1950 - Communist North Korean forces invade South Korea.
1950 - Isaac Asimov publishes the science-fiction classic I Robot.
1950 - Japanese film director Akira Kurosawa achieves recognition with Rashomon.
1950 - President Truman orders the development of the hydrogen bomb.
1950 - Senator Joseph McCarthy begins his inquiry into un-American activities.
1950 - The UN sanctions military aid for South Korea; MacArthur is appointed commander.
1950 - U.S. official Alger Hiss is convicted of perjury for denying that he knew a Soviet agent.
1950 - UN forces cross into North Korea but are repulsed by the Chinese army.
1950 - UN forces land at Inchon and drive the North Koreans out of South Korea.
1951 - A frontline is stabilized at the 38th parallel in Korea; peace negotiations begin at Kaesong.
1951 - American novelist Kurt Vonnegut publishes Player Piano.
1951 - American poet Marianne Moore publishes her Collected Poems.
1951 - American writer J.D. Salinger publishes The Catcher in the Rye.
1951 - American writer James Jones publishes the war novel From Here to Eternity.
1951 - Artist Stuart Davis uses words to function as abstract shapes in his painting Visa.
1951 - Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S. sign the mutual defense Anzus Treaty.
1951 - The U.S. signed  peace treaties with Japan and Germany, officially ending World War II.
1951 - Auto racer Juan Fangio wins the world driving championship for the first time.
1951 - Boxer Sugar Ray Robinson defeats Jake La Motta for the middleweight title.
1951 - British Conservatives win a general election with Winston Churchill as leader.
1951 - British spies Burgess and Maclean escape to the Soviet Union.
1951 - Comedian Lucille Ball stars in the television series I Love Lucy.
1951 - Igor Stravinsky's opera The Rake's Progress is premiered.
1951 - Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are sentenced to death for espionage against the U.S.
1951 - King Abdullah of Jordan is assassinated by a Palestinian nationalist.
1951 - Leopold III of Belgium is forced to abdicate because of his wartime conduct.
1951 - President Truman dismisses MacArthur as commander in Korea.
1951 - Prime minister Muhammad Mosaddeq nationalizes Iran's oil resources.
1951 - Rodgers and Hammerstein's Broadway musical The King and I is produced.
1951 - Ten million television receivers have been installed in U.S. homes.
1951 - The 22nd Amendment restricts U.S. presidents to a maximum of two terms.
1951 - UN forces recapture Seoul.
1951 - The UN General Assembly brands Communist China an aggressor in the Korean War.
1951 - Communist forces capture Seoul.
1951 - The first successful videotape for recording television images is demonstrated.
1951 - UNIVAC I, the first commercial computer, is accepted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census.
1952 - A bloodless coup returns Fulgencio Batista to power in Cuba.
1952 - Agatha Christie's record-breaking play The Mouse Trap opens in London.
1952 - American sculptor Isamu Noguchi designs two bridges for the Peace Park at Hiroshima.
1952 - American writer E.B. White publishes the children's book Charlotte's Web.
1952 - British architect Michael Ventris deciphers the ancient Greek Linear B script.
1952 - Chuck Yeager sets a new air speed record of 1,650 mph in the X-1A research plane.
1952 - Communist POW riots in South Korea delay peace negotiations.
1952 - Ethiopia takes possession of Eritrea from Britain.
1952 - Czech runner Emil Zatopek wins 3 gold medals in the Helsinki Olympic Games.
1952 - Dancer Gene Kelly stars in the film Singin' in the Rain.
1952 - Eva Peron, popularly known as Evita, dies in Argentina.
1952 - Gary Cooper and Grace Kelly star in the Western film High Noon.
1952 - Gordon Bunshaft designs the Lever House, an early International Style building.
1952 - Hostilities continue in Korea with increased UN air strikes against the north.
1952 - King Farouk of Egypt is overthrown in a revolution led by Gen. Muhammad Naguib.
1952 - Kwame Nkrumah is elected prime minister of the Gold Coast (Ghana).
1952 - Medical missionary Albert Schweitzer is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1952 - Opera singer Maria Callas debuts at London's Covent Garden.
1952 - Queen Elizabeth II ascends to the British throne on the death of her father George VI.
1952 - Samuel Beckett's play Waiting For Godot is produced in Paris.
1952 - The British de Havilland Comet becomes the first jet airliner to enter service.
1952 - The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is formed with Luis Munoz Marin as governor.
1952 - The Mau Mau uprising begins in Kenya; Jomo Kenyatta is imprisoned.
1952 - The U.S. tests the first hydrogen bomb in the Pacific.
1952 - Dwight D. Eisenhower defeats Adlai E. Stevenson in U.S. presidential elections.
1952 - Turkey joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
1952 - Vice-presidential candidate Richard Nixon makes his Checkers speech.
1953 - A Redstone rocket (based on the German V-2) is tested at Cape Canaveral.
1954 - American physicist Charles H. Townes invents the maser.
1953 - American tennis player Maureen Connolly (Little Mo) wins the Grand Slam.
1953 - American writer Saul Bellow publishes The Adventures of Augie March.
1953 - An armistice ends the Korean War; the country remains divided into North and South.
1953 - The Soviet Union explodes its first hydrogen device.
1953 - Arthur Miller writes The Crucible, a play about the Salem Witch Trials.
1953 - African-American writer James Baldwin publishes his first novel Go Tell It on the Mountain.
1953 - Communist statesman Imre Nagy becomes premier of Hungary.
1953 - Dag Hammarskjold succeeds Trygve Lie as secretary-general of the UN.
1953 - Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay are the first to climb Mount Everest.
1953 - Eisenhower is inaugurated as the 34th U.S. president; Richard Nixon is vice-president.
1953 - Fidel Castro leads an attack on an army barracks in Cuba; he is captured and imprisoned.
1953 - Golfer Ben Hogan wins the U.S. Open, Masters, and British Open tournaments.
1953 - Hugh Hefner publishes the first issue of Playboy magazine.
1953 - Hussein I succeeds his father as king of Jordan.
1953 - Israeli prime minister Ben-Gurion retires; he is succeeded by Moshe Sharett.
1953 - Jacques Piccard's bathyscaphe the Trieste descends to a depth of 10,330 ft.
1953 - James Watson and Francis Crick propose the double helix structure of DNA.
1953 - John Foster Dulles is selected as the U.S. secretary of state.
1953 - Laos, formerly a part of French Indochina, is granted independence.
1953 - Lavrenti Beria, head of the Soviet security service, is arrested and executed.
1953 - Marilyn Monroe stars in the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.
1953 - Murray Gell-Mann proposes the strangeness property of some subatomic particles.
1953 - Physicist Donald Glaser invents the bubble chamber to detect subnuclear particles.
1953 - Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin dies; Georgy M. Malenkov becomes the new premier.
1953 - The first heart-lung machine is developed by Dr. John Gibbon.
1953 - The fossil remains of Piltdown man are proved a hoax 41 years after their discovery.
1954 - A Supreme Court decision prohibits racial segregation in U.S. public schools.
1954 - American novelist Evan Hunter publishes The Blackboard Jungle.
1954 - British artist Francis Bacon begins his Portrait of Pope Innocent X series.
1954 - British novelist William Golding publishes Lord of the Flies.
1954 - Dylan Thomas' radio play Under Milk Wood is performed posthumously.
1954 - English runner Roger Bannister is first to run the mile in under 4 minutes.
1954 - French forces are defeated at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in North Vietnam.
1954 - Gamal Abdel Nasser ousts Gen. Muhammad Naguib as president of Egypt.
1954 - Ian Fleming publishes the first James Bond thriller Casino Royale.
1954 - Italian film-maker Federico Fellini directs La Strada.
1954 - Marlon Brando stars in Elia Kazan's film On the Waterfront.
1954 - National Liberation Front (FLN) raids on French property spark the Algerian War.
1954 - Senator McCarthy is discredited for failing to prove claims of communist penetration.
1954 - The Geneva Conference establishes the partition of Vietnam into North and South.
1954 - The U.S. and Canada begin construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway.
1954 - The U.S. nuclear submarine the Nautilus is launched.
1955 - A military coup in Argentina deposes president Juan Peron.
1955 - American artist Jasper Johns begins his paintings of American flags and targets.
1955 - American artist Larry Rivers paints Double Portrait of Birdie.
1955 - American rock 'n' roll musician Bill Haley records Rock Around the Clock.
1955 - Anthony Eden succeeds Winston Churchill as prime minister of Great Britain.
1955 - Austria achieves independence; the four-power occupation is terminated.
1955 - British writer Graham Greene publishes The Quiet American.
1955 - British writer and scholar J.R.R. Tolkien completes The Lord of the Rings.
1955 - David Ben-Gurion returns as prime minister of Israel.
1955 - Film star James Dean is killed in a car crash.
1955 - Jonas Salk's vaccine against polio comes into widespread use.
1955 - Marian Anderson becomes the first black to perform at the Metropolitan Opera House.
1956 - Martin Luther King, Jr.,  leads a boycott against racial segregation on buses.
1955 - The American Federation of Labor (AFL) and Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) merge.
1955 - African-American Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama.
1955 - Russian writer Vladimir Nabokov publishes the novel Lolita.
1955 - Satyajit Ray directs Pather Panchali, the first film in a trilogy on Bengali family life.
1955 - The Federal Republic of Germany joins NATO.
1955 - The Warsaw Pact establishes a military alliance of European Communist nations.
1955 - Theologian Pierre Teilhard de Chardin publishes The Phenomenon of Man.
1956 - American beat poet Allen Ginsberg publishes Howl and Other Poems.
1956 - Anglo-French forces invade Egypt but withdraw after protests from the U.S.
1956 - Archbishop Makarios III is deported from Cyprus by the British.
1956 - Brendan Behan's play The Quare Fellow opens in London.
1956 - Britain, France, and Israel agree on a secret joint action against Egypt.
1956 - British artist Richard Hamilton produces the first pop art work.
1956 - Eugene O'Neill's play Long Day's Journey Into Night is produced.
1956 - Fidel Castro and Che Guevara land in Cuba and begin a guerrilla war.
1956 - Film actress Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier III of Monaco.
1956 - Heavyweight boxing champion Rocky Marciano retires without being defeated.
1956 - Israeli forces under Moshe Dayan seize the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula.
1956 - John Osborne's first play Look Back In Anger is produced in London.
1956 - Lerner and Loewe's musical My Fair Lady opens in New York.
1956 - President Anastasio Somoza Garcia is assassinated in Nicaragua.
1956 - President Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal before the British lease expires.
1956 - Workers in Poland riot.
1956 - President Ngo Dinh Diem refuses to hold elections in South Vietnam.
1956 - Rock 'n roll singer Elvis Presley records his first hit Heartbreak Hotel.
1956 - Soviet first secretary Nikita Khrushchev denounces the crimes of the Stalin era.
1956 - Sudan gains independence from Anglo-Egyptian rule.
1956 - The Hungarian Uprising is suppressed by Soviet troops.
1956 - The Italian ocean liner Andrea Doria sinks off the U.S. coast after a collision in fog.
1956 - President Eisenhower defeats Adlai E. Stevenson to win reelection.
1956 - Tunisia and Morocco are granted independence by France.
1957 - Beat generation writer Jack Kerouac publishes On The Road.
1957 - African-American tennis player Althea Gibson wins the U.S. Open and Wimbledon championships.
1957 - British philosopher A.J. Ayer publishes The Problem of Knowledge.
1957 - British prime minister Anthony Eden resigns; is succeeded by Harold Macmillan.
1957 - President Eisenhower is inaugurated for his second term; Richard Nixon is vice-president.
1957 - Dr. Seuss publishes the children's book The Cat in the Hat.
1957 - Francois Duvalier (known as Papa Doc) is elected president of Haiti.
1957 - Ghana gains independence; Kwame Nkrumah becomes the first prime minister.
1957 - Jerome Robbins is director-choreographer of the musical West Side Story.
1957 - John G. Diefenbaker succeeds Louis St. Laurent as prime minister of Canada.
1957 - Lawrence Durrell publishes Justine, the first of The Alexandria Quartet novels.
1957 - Scientists from 67 nations work together during the International Geophysical Year.
1957 - Soviet leaders Malenkov and Molotov fail in an attempt to oust Khrushchev from power.
1957 - Swedish filmmaker Ingmar Bergman directs The Seventh Seal.
1970 - The island-nation of Tonga gains its independence from Great Britain.
1957 - The Israeli army withdraws from Egypt; the Gaza Strip is policed by UN forces.
1957 - The USSR launches Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite.
1957 - The Viet Cong begin acts of rebellion in South Vietnam.
1957 - Tunku Abdul Rahman becomes the first prime minister of independent Malaya (Malaysia).
1957 - Eisenhower sends federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to enforce school desegregation.
1958 - American economist J.K. Galbraith publishes The Affluent Society.
1958 - American golfer Arnold Palmer wins the Masters tournament for the first time.
1958 - American playwright Edward Albee writes The Zoo Story.
1958 - American writer Truman Capote publishes the novella Breakfast At Tiffany's.
1958 - Bertrand Russell founds the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) in Britain.
1958 - Civil war breaks out in Lebanon; it is ended when U.S. Marines land at Beirut.
1958 - Egypt and Syria form the United Arab Republic.
1958 - Gen. Muhammad Ayub Khan seizes control in Pakistan.
1958 - Leonard Bernstein becomes the conductor of the New York Philharmonic orchestra.
1958 - Nikita Khrushchev replaces Nikolai Bulganin as Soviet premier.
1958 - Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd extends South Africa's apartheid laws.
1958 - Russian writer Boris Pasternak publishes the novel Doctor Zhivago.
1958 - Soccer player Pele leads Brazil to victory in the World Cup.
1958 - The Algerian crisis prompts the recall of Charles de Gaulle as president of France.
1958 - The European Economic Community (EEC) is established.
1958 - The French army and settlers in Algiers revolt over the Algerian War stalemate.
1958 - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is founded.
1958 - The U.S. launches the Explorer I, its first satellite.
1958 - The first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is launched in the U.S.
1958 - The nuclear submarine Nautilus reaches the North Pole under the Polar ice cap.
1958 - Wilson Greatbatch invents an artificial pacemaker to control heartbeats.
1959 - Alaska is inaugurated as the 49th state of the Union.
1959 - American writer Leon Uris publishes Exodus, a novel on the founding of Israel.
1959 - American writer William Burroughs publishes The Naked Lunch.
1959 - Anthropologists Louis S. B. and Mary Leakey discover an Australopithecus skull in Africa.
1959 - Artist Robert Rauschenberg creates the three-dimensional collage Monogram.
1959 - Cyprus gains independence from Britain; Archbishop Makarios becomes president.
1959 - Fidel Castro ousts Cuban leader Fulgencio Batista in a communist revolution.
1959 - French New Wave filmmaker Jean Luc Godard directs Breathless.
1959 - French filmmaker Alain Resnais directs Hiroshima Mon Amour.
1959 - French filmmaker Francois Truffaut directs The 400 Blows.
1959 - German writer Gunter Grass publishes his first novel The Tin Drum.
1959 - Hawaii becomes the 50th state of the Union.
1959 - The St. Lawrence Seaway is opened.
1959 - Lee Kuan Yew becomes prime minister of Singapore.
1959 - Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun is the first Broadway play by a black woman.
1959 - NASA selects the first seven U.S. astronauts.
1959 - Rock 'n roll star Buddy Holly is killed in a plane crash.
1959 - Rogers and Hammerstein's Broadway musical The Sound of Music is produced.
1959 - Sir Christopher Cockerell tests the first air-cushion vehicle.
1959 - The Boeing 707 jet airliner enters service.
1959 - The Dalai Lama flees to India after China crushes an uprising in Tibet.
1959 - The Guggenheim Museum, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, opens in New York City.
1959 - The Soviet Union sends a series of Luna space probes to the Moon.
1959 - The first flight is made by the X-15 rocket-powered research aircraft.
1959 - Brig. Gen. Benjamin O. Davis becomes the U.S. armed forces' first African-American general.
1960 - 69 Africans are killed in the Sharpeville massacre in South Africa.
1960 - A military coup takes place in Turkey; prime minister Adnan Menderes is executed (1961).
1960 - A student uprising forces the resignation of Syngman Rhee, president of South Korea.
1960 - American author John Updike publishes the novel Rabbit Run.
1960 - American physicist Theodore H. Maiman demonstrates the first successful laser.
1960 - American track star Wilma Rudolph wins 3 gold medals at the Rome Olympic Games.
1960 - An earthquake kills 15,000 at Agadir in Morocco.
1960 - Belgium grants independence to the Congo (Zaire); Patrice Lumumba becomes premier.
1960 - Britain grants independence to Nigeria; Abubakar Balewa continues as prime minister.
1960 - Congo (Zaire) premier Patrice Lumumba is ousted by Joseph Mobutu and murdered.
1960 - Filmmaker Alfred Hitchcock directs the suspense thriller Psycho.
1960 - Former Nazi official Adolf Eichmann is abducted to Israel.
1960 - France grants independence to the Congo, Chad, Central African Republic, and Gabon.
1960 - Harold Pinter's play The Caretaker is produced.
1960 - Italian filmmaker Michelangelo Antonioni directs La Notte (The Night).
1960 - Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh descend to 35,800 ft in the bathyscaphe Trieste.
1960 - NASA launches the first TIROS weather satellite.
1960 - Religious broadcaster Pat Robertson founds the Christian Broadcasting Network.
1960 - Sirimavo Bandaranaike becomes the world's first woman prime minister in Ceylon (Sri Lanka).
1960 - South African civil rights leader Albert Luthuli wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
1960 - The Congo crisis begins with the secession of Katanga province under Moise Tshombe.
1960 - The African nations of Togo, Madagascar, Somalia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Mauritania gain independence.
1960 - The Echo 1 experimental communications satellite is launched.
1960 - The Motown record company is founded in Detroit by Berry Gordy.
1960 - The South African government bans the African National Congress (ANC).
1960 - The Soviets shoot down a U-2 spy plane; U.S. pilot Francis Gary Powers is captured.
1960 - The first quasars, the most luminous known objects in the universe, are discovered.
1960 - The first submerged firing is made of a Polaris submarine-launched missile.
1960 - The planned city of Brasilia becomes the new capital of Brazil.
1960 - The African nations of Upper Volta (Burkina Faso), Cameroon, and Ivory Coast gain independence.
1960 - The presidential debates of John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon are televised.
1960 - Viet Cong groups unite into the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (NLFSV).
1960 - Walter Ulbricht becomes head of East Germany.
1960 - John F. Kennedy defeats Richard M. Nixon in U.S. presidential elections.
1961 - Agostinho Neto and Holden Roberto lead insurrections in Portuguese Angola.
1961 - The U.S. severs diplomatic ties with Cuba.
1961 - American writer Joseph Heller publishes the anti-war novel Catch-22.
1961 - American-aided Cuban exiles attempt the unsuccessful Bay of Pigs invasion.
1961 - Astronaut Alan Shepard makes the first U.S. suborbital space flight.
1961 - Britain grants independence to Tanganyika (Tanzania) with Julius Nyerere as prime minister.
1961 - English writer Muriel Spark publishes The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie.
1961 - French filmmaker Francois Truffaut directs Jeanne Moreau in Jules and Jim.
1961 - India annexes the Portuguese territories of Goa, Daman, and Diu.
1961 - Italian filmmaker Vittorio De Sica directs Sophia Loren in Alberto Moravia's Two Women.
1961 - Italian opera singer Luciano Pavarotti debuts in Puccini's La Boheme.
1961 - Kennedy is inaugurated as the 35th U.S. president; Lyndon B. Johnson is vice-president.
1961 - President Kennedy begins to increase the U.S. military presence in Vietnam.
1961 - President Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps.
1961 - President Kennedy sets a goal for landing a man on the Moon within the decade.
1961 - President Rafael Trujillo is assassinated in the Dominican Republic.
1961 - Roger Maris breaks Babe Ruth's home-run baseball record with a season total of 61.
1961 - Science fiction writer Robert Heinlein publishes Stranger in a Strange Land.
1961 - Soviet ballet dancer Rudolf Nureyev defects to the West.
1961 - Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin orbits the earth.
1961 - Swedish filmmaker Ingmar Bergman directs Max Von Sydow in Through a Glass Darkly.
1961 - The Berlin Wall is constructed, separating East and West Berlin.
1961 - The Kurds begin a guerrilla war against Iraq to gain independence for Kurdistan.
1961 - The African nations of Rwanda and Sierra Leone gain their independence.
1961 - The drug thalidomide is found to cause malformations in newborn babies.
1961 - UN secretary-general Dag Hammarskjold is killed in a plane crash in the Congo (Zaire).
1962 - Actor Laurence Olivier becomes the first director of the National Theatre in London.
1962 - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn publishes One Day In the Life of Ivan Denisovich.
1962 - Algeria gains independence from France; Ahmed ben Bella becomes prime minister.
1962 - American film actress Marilyn Monroe dies from a drug overdose.
1962 - American historian Barbara Tuchman publishes The Guns of August.
1962 - American writer Katherine Anne Porter publishes the novel Ship of Fools.
1962 - American writer Ken Kesey publishes One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest.
1962 - Astronaut John Glenn becomes the first American to orbit the Earth.
1962 - U-2 spy-plane pilot Gary Powers is exchanged for Soviet spy Rudolf Abel.
1962 - Israel hangs Nazi Adolf Eichmann.
1962 - Basketball player Wilt Chamberlain scores a record 100 points in one game.
1962 - Britain grants independence to Trinidad and Tobago with Eric Williams as chief minister.
1962 - Britain grants independence to Uganda; Milton Obote becomes prime minister.
1962 - British filmmaker David Lean directs Lawrence of Arabia.
1962 - British writer Anthony Burgess publishes the futuristic novel A Clockwork Orange.
1962 - Burmese diplomat U Thant becomes the first Asian secretary general of the UN.
1962 - Edward Albee's play Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf is produced on Broadway.
1962 - Fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent opens his Parisian fashion house.
1962 - Folk-rock singer and composer Bob Dylan writes Blowin' in the Wind.
1962 - Georges Pompidou becomes premier of France's Fifth Republic.
1962 - Polish filmmaker Roman Polanski directs his first film Knife in the Water.
1962 - Pop artist Andy Warhol begins making silk screen prints of mass-media images.
1962 - Rachel Carson criticizes indiscriminate use of pesticides in her book Silent Spring.
1962 - Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor star in Cleopatra, the most expensive film to date.
1962 - Sonny Liston defeats Floyd Patterson to become heavyweight boxing champion.
1962 - The British pop group The Beatles make their first recordings.
1962 - The Cuban Missile Crisis begins; Soviet missiles are withdrawn from Cuba.
1962 - The Mariner 2 spacecraft passes within 21,598 miles of Venus.
1962 - The U.S. Supreme Court rules that school prayers are a violation of the 1st Amendment.
1962 - The African nation of Burundi gains its independence from Belgium.
1962 - The Caribbean island of Jamaica is granted independence by Great Britain.
1962 - Western Samoa becomes an independent nation.
1962 - The U.S. launches Telstar I, the first commercial communications satellite.
1962 - The University of Mississippi is forced to admit black student James Meredith.
1963 - A UN peace keeping force ends the secession attempt of Katanga province (Shaba).
1963 - A limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty is signed by Britain, the U.S., and the USSR.
1963 - Arecibo Observatory begins observations with a 1,000-ft wide radio telescope.
1963 - Black nationalist Joshua Nkomo is imprisoned in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe).
1963 - Britain's entry to the European Economic Community is blocked by France.
1963 - NAACP leader Medgar Evers is assassinated.
1963 - British spy Harold (Kim) Philby defects to the USSR.
1963 - English writer John Le Carre publishes The Spy Who Came in from the Cold.
1963 - Filmmaker Stanley Kubrick directs the anti-war film Dr. Strangelove.
1963 - Football running back Jim Brown sets a record for rushes of 1,863 yards.
1963 - Jack Nicklaus becomes the youngest golfer to win the Masters Tournament.
1963 - John F. Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald is shot and killed by Jack Ruby.
1963 - Kenya gains independence from Britain; Jomo Kenyatta becomes prime minister.
1963 - Levi Eshkol succeeds David Ben-Gurion as prime minister of Israel.
1963 - Ludwig Erhard succeeds Konrad Adenauer as chancellor of West Germany.
1963 - Lyndon B. Johnson is inaugurated as the 36th President of the U.S.
1963 - Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, and Sabah form the Federation of Malaysia.
1963 - Martin Luther King, Jr., makes his "I Have a Dream" speech in Washington, D.C.
1963 - Pop artist Roy Lichtenstein completes the comic strip painting Whaam.
1963 - President Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas, Texas.
1963 - President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam is assassinated.
1963 - Race-car driver Jim Clark wins seven Grand Prix events and the world title.
1963 - Sir Alec Douglas-Home succeeds Harold Macmillan as British prime minister.
1963 - Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space.
1963 - Sylvia Plath's novel The Bell Jar is published in the year of her death.
1963 - The American X-15 research aircraft establishes an altitude record of 67 miles.
1963 - The Organization of African Unity (OAU) is established in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
1963 - The Rolling Stones rock band is formed in Britain.
1963 - The first James Bond film Dr. No is produced.
1964 - ANC leader Nelson Mandela is sentenced to life imprisonment in South Africa.
1964 - An earthquake in Alaska causes extensive damage and 114 fatalities.
1964 - Architect Eero Saarinen's St. Louis Arch memorial is completed.
1964 - Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discover the existence of background radiation.
1964 - Beatlemania develops during the first U.S. tour of the Beatles pop group.
1964 - Britain grants independence to Malawi; H. Kamuzu Banda becomes prime minister.
1964 - Britain grants independence to Zambia; Kenneth D. Kaunda becomes president.
1964 - Britain grants independence to Zanzibar.
1964 - Craig Breedlove sets a land speed record of 600 mph in a jet-powered vehicle.
1964 - FRELIMO begins a war of independence against the Portuguese in Mozambique.
1964 - Faisal succeeds his brother Saud as king of Saudi Arabia.
1964 - Fighting breaks out on Cyprus between Greek and Turkish Cypriots.
1964 - Gen. William Westmoreland is appointed to command the U.S. forces in South Vietnam.
1964 - Gustavo Diaz Ordaz becomes president of Mexico.
1964 - Ian Smith becomes prime minister of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe).
1964 - Illustrator Maurice Sendak wins a Caldecott Medal for Where the Wild Things Are.
1964 - Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru dies; he is succeeded by Lal Bahadur Shastri.
1964 - President Johnson defeats Barry Goldwater in U.S. presidential elections.
1964 - Muhammad Ali defeats Sonny Liston for the heavyweight boxing championship.
1964 - North Vietnam allegedly attacks U.S. vessels in the Gulf of Tonkin.
1964 - Peter Weiss' play Marat/ Sade is produced by British director Peter Brook.
1964 - Physicists Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig propose the quark theory.
1964 - Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev is forced from office; Aleksei Kosygin becomes premier.
1964 - Martin Luther King, Jr., is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1964 - Tanganyika joins with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania.
1964 - The American Ranger 7 spacecraft transmits photos of the surface of the Moon.
1964 - The Labour party is elected to power in Britain; Harold Wilson becomes prime minister.
1964 - The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is formed to represent Palestinians.
1964 - The SR-71 Blackbird reconnaissance aircraft is flown for the first time.
1964 - The Soviet Voskhod 1 spacecraft is launched with a three-man crew.
1964 - The Tonkin Gulf Resolution escalates the use of U.S. personnel in Vietnam.
1964 - Malta gains its independence from Great Britain.
1964 - The U.S. Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination in employment.
1964 - The U.S. Surgeon General reports that cigarette smoking is a health hazard.
1964 - The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge opens in New York.
1964 - The Warren Commission decides that Oswald was the sole assassin of John F. Kennedy.
1965 - Actress and singer Barbara Streisand stars in the Broadway musical Funny Girl.
1965 - American writer Norman Mailer publishes An American Dream.
1965 - An attempted communist coup leads to military rule in Indonesia under Suharto.
1965 - An electrical blackout in the northeastern U.S. affects 30 million people.
1965 - Astronaut Edward H. White becomes the first American to walk in space.
1965 - Astronauts Virgil Grissom and John Young orbit the Earth in the first Gemini spacecraft.
1965 - British fashion designer Mary Quant introduces the miniskirt.
1965 - Civil war breaks out in the Dominican Republic; U.S. troops restore order.
1965 - Gemini 6 and 7 spacecraft make the first rendezvous in space.
1965 - Houari Boumedienne deposes President Ahmed Ben Bella of Algeria.
1965 - Martin Luther King, Jr. leads a civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama.
1965 - Mobutu Sese Seko seizes control in the Congo (Zaire) for the second time.
1965 - More than 180,000 U.S. troops are deployed in Vietnam by the end of the year.
1965 - Neil Simon's play The Odd Couple opens on Broadway starring Walter Matthau.
1965 - Nicolae Ceausescu succeeds Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej as Romanian leader.
1965 - North Vietnamese army units are in action in South Vietnam for the first time.
1965 - Race riots begin in the Watts section of Los Angeles.
1965 - Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) makes a unilateral declaration of independence from Britain.
1965 - Singapore secedes from Malaysia; Lee Kuan Yew remains as prime minister.
1965 - Soviet cosmonaut Aleksei Leonov makes the first space walk.
1965 - The Black Muslim leader Malcolm X is assassinated in New York City.
1965 - The Houston Astrodome, the first covered stadium, is completed in Texas.
1965 - The Mariner 4 spacecraft passes within 6,118 miles of the planet Mars.
1965 - Ralph Nader publishes Unsafe at Any Speed.
1965 - The Second India-Pakistan War begins in Kashmir.
1965 - The U.S. government establishes Medicare and Medicaid health programs.
1965 - The African nation of Gambia gains independence from Great Britain.
1965 - The Indian Ocean nation of the Maldives gains its independence.
1965 - Lyndon Johnson begins a full term as president; Hubert Humphrey is vice-president.
1965 - The Vietnam War escalates as the U.S. begins bombing North Vietnam.
1966 - American writer Truman Capote publishes In Cold Blood.
1966 - Art treasures are ruined during severe floods in Florence, Italy.
1966 - Gen. Yakubu Gowon heads a military government after a countercoup in Nigeria.
1966 - Indian prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri dies; he is succeeded by Indira Gandhi.
1966 - John Jack Lynch becomes prime minister of Ireland.
1966 - Mao Tse-tung begins China's Cultural Revolution.
1966 - Nigerian prime minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa is killed in a military coup.
1966 - President De Gaulle withdraws French forces from NATO.
1966 - President Kwame Nkrumah is ousted in a military coup in Ghana.
1966 - Realist sculptor George Segal completes the direct-cast plaster group The Diner.
1966 - South African prime minister Hendrik Verwoerd is assassinated.
1966 - Edward Brooke of Massachusetts becomes the first African-American to be popularly elected to the U.S. Senate.
1966 - The American Surveyor 1 spacecraft achieves the first soft-landing on the Moon.
1966 - The British Hawker Harrier becomes the first VTOL (vertical takeoff and landing) aircraft.
1966 - The Soviet Luna 9 space probe makes the first landing on the Moon.
1966 - The Soviets mediate to end the India-Pakistan War.
1966 - The African nations of Botswana and Lesotho become independent.
1966 - British Guiana becomes independent as Guyana.
1966 - The first major rally against the Vietnam War takes place in Washington, D.C.
1966 - Tom Stoppard's play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead is produced.
1967 - A civil war breaks out in Nigeria after the secession of the state of Biafra.
1967 - A fire kills U.S. astronauts White, Grissom, and Chaffee during a launch test.
1967 - A military junta seizes control in Greece; King Constantine II is exiled.
1967 - American writer Joyce Carol Oates publishes A Garden of Earthly Delights.
1967 - Britain grants Aden independence as the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen.
1967 - Dr. Christiaan Barnard performs the first successful human heart transplant.
1967 - Gen. Anastasio Somoza Debayle is elected president of Nicaragua.
1967 - Latin American guerrilla leader Che Guevara is killed in Bolivia.
1967 - Nguyen Van Thieu becomes president of South Vietnam.
1967 - By year's end, 475,000 U.S. troops are serving in South Vietnam.
1967 - Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper star in the motorcycle film Easy Rider.
1967 - Quarterback Joe Namath sets a one-season record by passing for 4,007 yards.
1967 - R. Buckminster Fuller designs a geodesic dome for the U.S. Pavilion at Expo '67.
1967 - Radio astronomers Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Antony Hewish discover the first pulsar.
1967 - Sidney Poitier and Rod Steiger star in the film In the Heat of the Night.
1967 - Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov is killed during the landing of Soyuz 1.
1967 - Tennis player Billie Jean King wins the U.S. Open championship for the first time.
1967 - The North American Soccer League (NASL) is formed.
1967 - The Six-Day War between Israel and the Arab states ends with Israeli victory.
1967 - The X-15 research aircraft establishes a speed record of Mach 6.7 (4,520 mph).
1967 - The hippie musical revue Hair is produced.
1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first black member of the U.S. Supreme Court.
1967 - Yachtsman Francis Chichester completes the first solo voyage around the world.
1968 - American track star Bob Beamon beats the Olympic long jump record by almost 2 feet.
1968 - Anti-war demonstrators clash with police at the Democratic convention in Chicago.
1968 - The African nation of Swaziland gains its independence.
1968 - Arthur Ashe becomes the first black player to win a major men's tennis title.
1968 - Civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. is assassinated.
1968 - Dick Fosbury uses the Fosbury flop to win the Olympic gold medal for the high jump.
1968 - Filmmaker Stanley Kubrick directs 2001: A Space Odyssey.
1968 - French downhill skier Jean Claude Killy wins three Olympic gold medals.
1968 - French filmmaker Henri Costa-Gavras directs Z.
1968 - Jacqueline Kennedy marries the Greek shipping millionaire Aristotle Onassis.
1968 - More than 500,000 U.S. troops are deployed in Vietnam.
1968 - Oceanographic ship Glomar Challenger begins the Deep-Sea Drilling Project.
1968 - Omar Torrijos Herrera overthrows the government of Arnulfo Arias in Panama.
1968 - Pierre Trudeau succeeds Lester Pearson as prime minister of Canada.
1968 - Polish filmmaker Roman Polanski directs Rosemary's Baby.
1968 - Portuguese dictator Antonio de Oliveira Salazar is succeeded by Marcello Caetano.
1968 - President Johnson announces he will not seek a second term of office.
1968 - Presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy is assassinated.
1968 - Spain grants independence to Equatorial Guinea.
1968 - Spanish operatic tenor Placido Domingo debuts at the Metropolitan Opera.
1968 - Student-worker revolts almost topple the government of Charles de Gaulle in France.
1968 - The Apollo 8 spacecraft makes the first manned orbit of the Moon.
1968 - The Catholic minority in Northern Ireland demonstrate for British rights.
1968 - The Federal Gun Control Act regulates the interstate commerce in firearms.
1968 - Richard M. Nixon defeats Hubert H. Humphrey in U.S. presidential elections.
1968 - The Saturn rocket lifts the Apollo 7 spacecraft into low Earth orbit.
1968 - The U.S. Navy intelligence gathering ship Pueblo is seized by North Korea.
1968 - The Pacific Ocean island of Nauru gains its independence.
1968 - The Viet Cong launch the Tet Offensive in Vietnam.
1968 - The Indian Ocean nation of Mauritius gains its independence.
1968 - U.S. troops massacre Vietnamese civilians at My Lai.
1968 - Warsaw Pact forces invade Czechoslovakia to counter increasing liberalization.
1969 - A rock-music festival at Woodstock, N.Y., attracts a crowd of 500,000.
1969 - American writer Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., publishes Slaughterhouse-Five.
1969 - Australian Rod Laver becomes the only tennis player to win the Grand Slam twice.
1969 - Catholics and Protestants clash in Northern Ireland; British troops restore order.
1969 - James Earl Ray is sentenced to 99 years in prison for the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
1969 - Charles Manson and his followers kill actress Sharon Tate and six of her friends.
1969 - Col. Muammar al-Qaddafi seizes control in Libya; King Idris is deposed.
1969 - Edward Kennedy's female companion dies in a car accident off the Chappaquiddick bridge.
1969 - Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., become the first men to walk on the Moon.
1969 - Gen. Gaafar al-Nimeiry seizes power in Sudan.
1969 - Following Charles de Gaulle's resignation, Georges Pompidou becomes French president.
1969 - Warren E. Burger succeeds Earl Warren as chief justice of the Supreme Court.
1969 - Golda Meir becomes prime minister of Israel after the death of Levi Eshkol.
1969 - An anti-Vietnam War rally draws 200,000 protesters to Washington, D.C.
1969 - Apollo 12 astronauts become the third and fourth men to walk on the Moon.
1969 - IRA provisionals launch a terrorist campaign against British troops in Ireland.
1969 - Liberal Czech leader Alexander Dubcek is replaced by Gustav Husak.
1969 - Richard Nixon is inaugurated as the 37th U.S. president; Spiro Agnew is vice-president.
1969 - President Ayub Khan is deposed by Gen. Muhammad Yahya Khan in Pakistan.
1969 - Sirhan Sirhan is convicted of the assassination of Sen. Robert Kennedy.
1969 - President Nixon begins to withdraw U.S. forces from Vietnam.
1969 - The Anglo-French supersonic transport Concorde makes its first flight.
1969 - The Children's Television Workshop series Sesame Street is first shown.
1969 - The Stonewall Riots spark the modern gay rights movement.
1969 - The immigration of Salvadorans into Honduras leads to a brief border war.
1969 - Willy Brandt succeeds Kurt Kiesinger as chancellor of West Germany.
1969 - Yasir Arafat becomes chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
1970 - Australian tennis player Margaret Smith Court wins the Grand Slam.
1970 - Britain grants independence to Fiji.
1970 - Civil war begins in Jordan between government forces and Palestinian guerrillas.
1970 - Edward Heath becomes Conservative prime minister of Britain.
1970 - Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser dies; he is succeeded by Anwar al-Sadat.
1970 - Former defense minister Hafez al-Assad seizes power in Syria.
1970 - Marxist leader Salvadore Allende is elected president of Chile.
1970 - Norman Borlaug wins the Nobel Peace Prize for breeding miracle wheat strains.
1970 - Ohio national guardsmen kill four Kent State students during an anti-war protest.
1970 - An earthquake in Peru kills 70,000 people and leaves 700,000 homeless.
1970 - President Nixon orders an incursion into Cambodia to combat the Khmer Rouge.
1970 - Riots in Poland force Wladyslaw Gomulka to resign in favor of Edward Gierek.
1970 - Rock music guitarist Jimi Hendrix dies from a drug overdose.
1970 - Sihanouk is deposed in Cambodia; Khmer Rouge seize the western provinces.
1970 - The Amtrak intercity rail passenger service is created by Act of Congress.
1970 - The Apollo 13 crew return to earth after an explosion aboard their command module.
1970 - The Beatles pop group is disbanded.
1970 - The Boeing 747 Jumbo jet airliner enters service.
1970 - The nuclear nonproliferation treaty goes into effect.
1970 - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is established in the U.S.
1970 - The Soviet space probe Venera 7 transmits the first data from the surface of Venus.
1970 - The building of the Aswan High Dam is completed in Egypt.
1970 - The civil war ends between Nigeria and the breakaway state of Biafra.
1971 - Andrew Lloyd Webber's rock-opera Jesus Christ Superstar opens on Broadway.
1971 - Austrian Kurt Waldheim succeeds U Thant as UN secretary general.
1971 - Chilean poet Pablo Neruda wins the Nobel Prize for literature.
1971 - Col. Hugo Banzer Suarez seizes power in Bolivia in a military coup.
1971 - Daniel Ellsberg releases copies of the Pentagon Papers to the New York Times.
1971 - East Pakistan declares its independence from West Pakistan, beginning a civil war.
1971 - Erich Honecker becomes the head of state for East Germany.
1971 - The U.S. ends its 21-year trade embargo of China.
1971 - Ice hockey player Phil Esposito scores a record 76 goals in 78 games.
1971 - Jean Claude Duvalier succeeds his father as president of Haiti.
1871 - Some 200,000 anti-Vietnam War protesters rally in Washington, D.C.
1971 - Joe Frazier defeats Muhammad Ali for the heavyweight boxing title.
1971 - Lt. William Calley is found guilty of killing Vietnamese civilians at My Lai.
1971 - Prime Minister Brian Faulkner begins the internment of IRA suspects in Northern Ireland.
1971 - Prime Minister Milton Obote is ousted by Idi Amin Dada in Uganda.
1971 - South Vietnamese troops and U.S. aircraft combat Communist forces in Laos.
1971 - Soyuz 11 docks with Salyut 1; three cosmonauts die during the return to earth.
1971 - The Congo is renamed  the Republic of Zaire.
1971 - The Lunar Rover explores the Moon's surface during the Apollo 15 mission.
1971 - A four-day revolt at Attica state prison in New York ends; 10 hostages and 30 prisoners are killed.
1971 - The Republic of China (Taiwan) loses its UN seat; Communist China is admitted.
1971 - Six Persian Gulf sheikdoms form the United Arab Emirates.
1971 - The support of India wins independence for East Pakistan (renamed as Bangladesh).
1972 - Alabama governor George Wallace is shot in an assassination attempt.
1972 - American B-52 aircraft bomb Hanoi and Haiphong in North Vietnam.
1972 - Bobby Fischer defeats Boris Spassky to become the first American world chess champion.
1972 - American feminist Gloria Steinem founds Ms. magazine.
1972 - American swimmer Mark Spitz wins a record seven Olympic gold medals.
1972 - An earthquake kills 10,000 in the Nicaraguan capital of Managua.
1972 - Apollo 17 makes the last manned Moon landing.
1972 - Ceylon changes its name to Sri Lanka (meaning beautiful island).
1972 - DDT insecticide is banned in the U.S.
1972 - Filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola directs Marlon Brando in The Godfather.
1972 - Mujibur Rahman becomes prime minister of Bangladesh.
1972 - Palestinian terrorists kill 11 Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics.
1972 - President Ferdinand Marcos imposes martial law in the Philippines.
1972 - President Nixon authorizes the Space Shuttle program.
1972 - President Nixon makes his historic trip to Peking to meet Mao Tse-tung.
1972 - Richard Leakey discovers a hominid skull 2.6 million years old in northern Kenya.
1972 - Soviet gymnast Olga Korbut wins three Olympic gold medals.
1972 - The British government assumes direct rule of Northern Ireland.
1972 - The Viet Cong and North Vietnamese renew their offensive in South Vietnam.
1972 - The Watergate affair begins with the arrest of five burglars at Democratic party headquarters.
1972 - The U.S. returns Okinawa to Japan after a 27-year occupation.
1972 - President Richard Nixon defeats George McGovern in U.S. presidential elections.
1973 - A right-wing military coup in Chile overthrows Allende's Marxist government.
1973 - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn publishes the first volume of the Gulag Archipelago.
1973 - Britain grants independence to the Bahama Islands.
1973 - Charles XVI Gustav succeeds Gustav VI Adolf as king of Sweden.
1973 - Congress passes the Endangered Species Act.
1973 - Egypt and Syria attack Israel on Yom Kippur (a Jewish religious holiday).
1973 - Great Britain, Denmark, and Ireland become full-fledged members of the EEC.
1973 - Ricard Nixon begins his second term in office; Spiro Agnew is vice-president.
1973 - Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho share the Nobel Peace Prize.
1973 - Juan D. Peron returns to power as president of Argentina.
1973 - OPEC begins an oil embargo against Europe, the U.S. and Japan.
1973 - Senator Sam Ervin, Jr., heads a committee to investigate the Watergate break-in.
1973 - The American Indian Movement occupy the site of Wounded Knee in a political protest.
1973 - The Arab-Israeli War ends after 18 days with a UN negotiated cease-fire.
1973 - The Paris Peace Accords end the Vietnam War.
1973 - The Pioneer 10 spacecraft makes a rendezvous with the planet Jupiter.
1973 - The Skylab manned orbiting laboratory is launched.
1973 - The last U.S. troops are withdrawn from South Vietnam.
1973 - The Washington Post receives the Pulitzer Prize for reporting the Watergate scandal.
1973 - The World Trade Center in New York City becomes the tallest building in the world.
1973 - Vice-President Spiro Agnew resigns after he is charged with accepting bribes.
1974 - A military coup in Portugal leads to democratic reforms.
1974 - American tennis player Chris Evert wins a record 56 consecutive matches.
1974 - American tennis player Jimmy Connors wins the U.S. Open tournament for the first time.
1974 - An army of life-size pottery figures is discovered in a Ch'in dynasty tomb in China.
1974 - Archbishop Makarios is deposed, prompting a Turkish invasion of Cyprus.
1974 - Baseball player Hank Aaron breaks Babe Ruth's record of 714 home-runs.
1974 - Emperor Haile Selassie is deposed in a military coup in Ethiopia.
1974 - Former astronaut John Glenn is elected to the U.S. Senate.
1974 - Gen. Augusto Pinochet Ugarte becomes president of Chile.
1974 - Helmut Schmidt becomes chancellor of West Germany.
1974 - Isabel Peron becomes president of Argentina after the death of her husband.
1974 - Konstantinos G. Karamanlis becomes prime minister of Greece.
1974 - Patricia Hearst is abducted by members of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA).
1974 - Portugal recognizes the independence of Guinea-Bissau.
1974 - President Ford grants Richard Nixon a pardon for any crimes committed in office.
1974 - President Giscard d'Estaing appoints Jacques Chirac prime minister of France.
1974 - President Nixon resigns; Gerald R. Ford is inaugurated as the 38th U.S. president.
1974 - South African golfer Gary Player achieves the Grand Slam.
1974 - Soviet ballet dancer Mikhail Baryshnikov defects to the West.
1974 - The House Judiciary Committee votes to impeach President Nixon.
1974 - The Mariner 10 spacecraft passes within 438 miles of the planet Mercury.
1974 - The Sears Tower in Chicago surpasses the World Trade Center as the tallest building.
1974 - The crisis on Cyprus causes the collapse of the military regime in Greece.
1974 - Willy Brandt is forced to resign after an East German spy is discovered on his staff.
1974 - Yitzhak Rabin succeeds Golda Meir as prime minister of Israel.
1974 - The Caribbean island of Grenada gains its independence from Great Britain.
1974 - Muhammad Ali knocks out George Foreman to regain the world heavyweight boxing title.
1975 - Bobby Fischer refuses to defend his chess title; Anatoly Karpov is made champion.
1975 - Brazilian soccer star Pele ends his retirement to play for the New York Cosmos.
1975 - Civil war breaks out when Angola gains its independence from Portugal.
1975 - Civil war breaks out in Lebanon between Muslim and Christian forces.
1975 - Communist Pathet Lao declare Laos the People's Democratic Republic.
1975 - Morocco invades Spanish Sahara.
1975 - Cyprus is partitioned into Greek and Turkish zones.
1975 - Czech tennis star Martina Navratilova defects to the U.S.
1975 - Dutch Guiana gains its independence as the Republic of Suriname.
1975 - Eritrean rebels begin their fight for independence in Ethiopia.
1975 - Gen. Yakubu Gowon is deposed in a military coup in Nigeria.
1975 - Juan Carlos I becomes king of Spain after the death of Gen. Francisco Franco.
1975 - Mozambique wins independence from Portugal; Samora Machel becomes the president.
1975 - Cape Verde Islands gain independence from Portugal.
1975 - North Vietnamese forces overrun Saigon, which is renamed as Ho Chi Minh City.
1975 - Papua New Guinea becomes independent from Australian administration.
1975 - President Mujibur Rahman is killed in a military coup in Bangladesh.
1975 - President N'Garta Tombalbaye of Chad is killed in a coup d'etat.
1975 - Prime Minister Pol Pot begins a reign of terror in Kampuchea.
1975 - Saudi King Faisal is assassinated; he is succeeded by his brother Khalid.
1975 - South Vietnam capitulates; a mass exodus of Boat People begins.
1975 - Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
1975 - Taiwanese leader Chiang Kai-shek dies; he is succeeded by his son Chiang Ching-kuo.
1975 - The Helsinki accords pledge the signatory nations to respect human rights.
1975 - The Khmer Rouge win control of Cambodia and rename the country Kampuchea.
1975 - The Republic of Comoros declares its independence from France.
1975 - The islands of Sao Tome and Principe gain independence from Portugal.
1975 - The Suez Canal reopens after being closed to shipping for eight years.
1975 - U.S. Marines recapture the U.S. freighter Mayaguez from Kampuchean forces.
1975 - U.S. astronauts and Soviet cosmonauts link up during the Apollo-Soyuz mission.
1976 - A severe earthquake in China kills over 600,000.
1976 - African-American writer Alex Haley publishes Roots: The Saga of an American Family.
1976 - Black student protesters are massacred at Soweto in South Africa.
1976 - Chinese leaders Chou En-lai and Mao Tse-tung die; Hua Kuo-feng assumes power.
1976 - Finnish runner Lasse Viren wins the Olympic 5,000- and 10,000-m races for the second time.
1976 - Isabel Peron is deposed; Jorge Rafael Videla becomes president of Argentina.
1976 - Israeli commandos rescue hijacked airplane passengers at Entebbe, Uganda.
1976 - James Callaghan succeeds Harold Wilson as prime minister of Britain.
1976 - The island-state of Seychelles gains its independence from Great Britain.
1976 - Jim Henson's Muppet Show debuts on television.
1976 - Jose Lopez Portillo y Pacheco is elected president of Mexico.
1976 - Mario Soares is elected prime minister of Portugal for the first time.
1976 - Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci wins three gold medals at the Montreal Olympics.
1976 - Separatist leader Rene Levesque becomes premier of Quebec.
1976 - Suarez Gonzalez becomes prime minister of Spain after the first election in 41 years.
1976 - Swedish tennis star Bjorn Borg wins the first of five Wimbledon championships.
1976 - The South African homeland of Transkei becomes independent.
1976 - The U.S. celebrates its Bicentennial.
1976 - The first outbreak of Legionnaires' disease occurs in Philadelphia.
1976 - The pro-Soviet MPLA government seizes power in Angola aided by Cuban troops.
1976 - James "Jimmy" Carter defeats incumbent Gerald R. Ford in U.S. presidential elections.
1976 - U.S. Viking spacecraft land on Mars.
1977 - American golfer Tom Watson wins the Masters and British Open tournaments.
1977 - Jacqueline Means is ordained as the first woman Episcopal priest.
1977 - American hurdler Edwin Moses begins a winning streak of 90 consecutive races.
1977 - African-American politician Andrew Young is appointed as U.S. ambassador to the UN.
1977 - Jimmy Carter is inaugurated as the 39th U.S. president; Walter  Mondale is vice-president.
1977 - President Carter pardons most Vietnam War resisters.
1977 - Gen. Zia ul-Haq deposes Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in Pakistan.
1977 - George Lucas directs the first Star Wars space fantasy film.
1977 - Jean Bedel Bokassa is crowned Emperor Bokassa I of the Central African Empire.
1977 - Menachem Begin succeeds Yitzhak Rabin as prime minister of Israel.
1977 - Morarji  Desai succeeds Indira Gandhi as prime minister of India.
1977 - Rock 'n roll performer Elvis Presley dies.
1977 - Seventeen-year old American jockey Steve Cauthen rides a record 487 winners.
1977 - South Africa grants independence to the African homeland of Bophuthatswana.
1977 - The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas becomes independent as Djibouti.
1977 - The U.S. Department of Energy is created as a Cabinet-level department.
1977 - Bishop John N. Neumann of Philadelphia becomes the first American male to be canonized by the Roman Catholic church.
1977 - The Trans-Alaska Pipeline goes into operation.
1977 - The first Apple II personal computer is marketed in the U.S.
1978 - Afghanistan president Mohammad Daud Khan is killed in a Marxist coup.
- Israeli troops end a three-month occupation of southern Lebanon designed to end terrorist attacks.
1978 - American golfer Nancy Lopez wins a record five straight tournaments.
1978 - Antonio Guzman becomes president of the Dominican Republic.
1978 - Britain grants independence to Tuvalu, Dominica, and the Solomon Islands.
1978 - Italian politician Aldo Moro is kidnapped and murdered by Red Brigade terrorists.
1978 - More than 900 members of a religious cult commit suicide at Jonestown, Guyana.
1978 - Pieter Willem Botha becomes prime minister of South Africa.
1978 - Pope John Paul II becomes the first non-Italian Pope in more than 500 years.
1978 - President Carter oversees the Camp David peace accords between Egypt and Israel.
1978 - The Pompidou Center art museum (the Beaubourg) is opened in Paris.
1978 - The United States and Panama renew the Panama Canal treaties.
1978 - The balloon Double Eagle II completes the first Atlantic crossing.
1978 - The first human test-tube baby is born in England.
1978 - The murder of opposition leader Pedro Joaquin Chamorro sparks uprisings in Nicaragua.
1978 - Yiddish-language writer Isaac Bashevis Singer wins the Nobel Prize for literature.
1979 - Abel Muzorewa becomes the first black prime minister of Rhodesia (Zimbabwe).
1979 - The Gilbert Islands become independent as the Republic of Kiribati.
1979 - Algerian president Houari Boumedienne dies; he is succeeded by Chadli Benjedid.
1979 - The Caribbean island of St. Lucia becomes independent of Great Britain.
1979 - Israel and Egypt sign a treaty ending the 21-year state of war between them.
1979 - American tennis player John McEnroe wins his first U.S. Open championship.
1979 - American tennis player Tracy Austin wins the U.S. Open championship at age 16.
1979 - An accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant causes a near-disaster.
1979 - British runner Sebastian Coe sets world records at 800 m, 1,500 m, and the mile.
1979 - Ex-prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is executed in Pakistan.
1979 - Iran is proclaimed an Islamic republic.
1979 - Gen. Saddam Hussein succeeds Gen. al-Bakr as president of Iraq.
1979 - IRA terrorists assassinate Lord Mountbatten in Ireland.
1979 - Islamic fundamentalist Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns to Iran.
1979 - Jean Bedel Bokassa is deposed in the Central African Republic.
1979 - Jose Eduardo dos Santos succeeds Agostinho Neto as president of Angola.
1979 - Margaret Thatcher becomes Britain's first woman prime minister.
1979 - Morocco annexes Western Sahara; the Polisario Front fight for independence.
1979 - Mother Teresa of Calcutta is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1979 - Pioneer 11 spacecraft makes a rendezvous with the planet Saturn.
1979 - Sixty-six U.S. embassy employees are taken hostage by Iranian students in Tehran.
1979 - South Korean president Park Chung Hee is assassinated.
1979 - Soviet troops occupy Afghanistan in support of Babrak Karmal's Marxist regime.
1979 - Tanzanians and Ugandan exiles invade Uganda; dictator Idi Amin Dada flees.
1979 - The Gossamer Albatross flies across the English Channel under human-power.
1979 - The Mujaheddin begin a guerrilla war against the Soviet forces in Afghanistan.
1979 - The Caribbean islands of St. Vincent and the Grenadines gain independence from Britain.
1979 - The Sandinistas seize control in Nicaragua.
1979 - The Shah of Iran flees the country.
1979 - The first case of AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is reported.
1979 - Vietnamese forces invade Kampuchea and overthrow the Pol Pot government.
1979 - The U.S. opens diplomatic relations with China and breaks relations with Taiwan.
1979 - Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft rendezvous with the planet Jupiter.
1980 - An earthquake in Algeria kills 20,000.
1980 - Border disputes erupt into the Gulf War between Iran and Iraq.
1980 - Boxer Sugar Ray Leonard regains the world welterweight title from Roberto Duran.
1980 - Retired Gen. Chun Doo Hwan becomes president of South Korea.
1980 - Ex-Beatle John Lennon is fatally shot outside his Manhattan apartment.
1980 - Ex-Nicaraguan president Anastasio Somoza Debayle is assassinated.
1980 - Gen. Kenan Evren leads a military coup in Turkey.
1980 - Jose Napoleon Duarte becomes president of El Salvador; the guerrilla war continues.
1980 - Lech Walesa heads Solidarity, the first union movement in a communist country.
1980 - Liberian president William R. Tolbert is killed in a military coup led by Samuel Doe.
1980 - Love Canal, a chemically contaminated area in N.Y., is declared a disaster area.
1980 - Milton Obote is reelected as president of Uganda.
1980 - Mount St. Helens erupts in Washington state killing eight people.
1980 - Rhodesia becomes the independent nation of Zimbabwe, ending 90 years of British rule.
1980 - Princess Beatrix becomes monarch of the Netherlands when Queen Juliana abdicates.
1980 - Ted Turner begins the Cable News Network, offering round-the-clock news.
1980 - The Castro regime deports more than 120,000 Cubans to Florida.
1980 - The FBI's ABSCAM investigation convicts seven members of the U.S. Congress.
1980 - The New Hebrides become independent from Britain and France as Vanuatu.
1980 - Ronald Reagan defeats Jimmy Carter in the U.S. presidential election.
1980 - The U.S. boycotts the Moscow Olympics to protest the invasion of Afghanistan.
1980 - The U.S. makes an unsuccessful attempt to rescue the Iranian hostages.
1980 - Indira Gandhi is sworn in as prime minister of India.
1980 - Israel and Egypt exchange ambassadors for the first time.
1980 - The Voyager 1 spacecraft makes a rendezvous with the planet Saturn.
1981 - Andreas Papandreou becomes prime minister of Greece.
1981 - The Caribbean islands of Antigua and Barbuda gain independence from Great Britain.
1981 - Anwar al-Sadat is killed; Hosni Mubarak becomes president of Egypt.
1981 - Argentinian president Roberto Viola is ousted from power by General Galtieri.
1981 - Britain grants independence to Belize.
1981 - Francois Mitterrand succeeds Valery Giscard d'Estaing as president of France.
1981 - Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski declares martial law in Poland; Solidarity leaders are arrested.
1981 - Hu Yao-bang becomes head of the Chinese Communist party.
1981 - Jerry Rawlings leads a military coup in Ghana.
1981 - John Hinckley, Jr., shoots and seriously wounds President Reagan.
1981 - Gen. Augusto Pinochet declares himself president of Chile.
1981 - Pope John Paul II is shot and wounded by a Turkish gunman.
1981 - Israeli fighter planes destroy Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor.
1981 - Ronald Reagan is inaugurated as the 40th U.S. president; George Bush is vice-president.
1981 - Greece becomes the 10th member of the European Community.
1981 - Sandra Day O'Connor becomes the first woman U.S. Supreme Court justice.
1981 - Ten IRA prisoners starve themselves to death as a political protest.
1981 - The Prince of Wales marries Lady Diana Spencer in Britain.
1981 - IBM introduces its first personal computer.
1981 - The U.S. hostages in Iran are released.
1981 - The first 24-hour music video channel MTV (Music Television) is launched in the U.S.
1981 - The first space shuttle is launched, crewed by John Young and Robert Crippen.
1982 - Amin Gemayel becomes the president of Lebanon after his brother Bashir is killed.
1982 - The Polish parliament outlaws the independent trade union Solidarity.
1982 - Argentina invades the Falkland Islands; Britain and Argentina are at war.
1982 - British troops recapture the Falkland Islands from Argentina.
1982 - Spain becomes the 16th member of NATO.
1982 - Gen. Hussain Muhammad Ershad seizes control of Bangladesh in a bloodless coup.
1982 - Javier Perez de Cuellar succeeds Kurt Waldheim as secretary-general of the UN.
1982 - Israel completes its withdrawal from the Sinai.
1982 - Pop singer Michael Jackson records the all-time best-selling album Thriller.
1982 - Princess Grace of Monaco dies in a car accident.
1982 - Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev dies; he is succeeded by Yuri Andropov.
1982 - The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) fails to win ratification in the U.S.
1982 - The Israeli army invades Lebanon and drives the PLO guerrillas out of Beirut.
1982 - Iran launches a major military drive against the Iraqi city of Basra.
1982 - The UN maintains a peace between Christian and Muslim militia in Lebanon.
1982 - The Voyager 2 spacecraft transmits pictures to the U.S. of the planet Saturn.
1982 - Two satellites are deployed during the first operational Space Shuttle mission.
1982 - USA Today, the first daily newspaper aimed at readers throughout the U.S., is launched.
1983 - American runner Joan Benoit sets a world record in the Boston Marathon.
1983 - American zoologist Dian Fossey publishes her book Gorillas in the Mist.
1983 - An EPA report projects the irreversible onset of the greenhouse effect.
1983 - An Infrared Astronomical Satellite is launched to probe deep into the Milky Way.
1983 - Australia II becomes the first non-American yacht to win the America's Cup.
1983 - Car bombs destroy the U.S. Embassy and U.S. Marine headquarters in Beirut.
1983 - Civil war breaks out in Sri Lanka between the Sinhalese and Tamil separatists.
1983 - Ex-Nazi Klaus Barbie (the butcher of Lyon) is extradited from Bolivia to France.
1983 - Harold Washington becomes the first African-American mayor of Chicago.
1983 - Guion Stewart Bluford, Jr., becomes the first African-American astronaut.
1983 - Libyan forces invade Chad; French troops aid the Chad government.
1983 - Manuel Antonio Noriega becomes commander of Panama's Defense Forces.
1983 - Mario Soares becomes the socialist prime minister of Portugal.
1983 - Nigerian president Shehu Shagari is deposed in a military coup led by Gen. Muhammed Buhari.
1983 - Opposition leader Benigno Aquino is assassinated in the Philippines.
1983 - President Reagan proposes a space-based Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI).
1983 - Raul Alfonsin is elected as president of Argentina, ending military rule.
1983 - Sally K. Ride becomes the first U.S. woman astronaut.
1983 - The Soviets shoot down a South Korean airliner that violated its airspace.
1983 - The compact disc is introduced for recorded music.
1983 - U.S. forces invade Grenada to oust a pro-Cuban regime on the island.
1983 - Yitzhak Shamir succeeds Menachem Begin as prime minister of Israel.
1983 - Britain grants independence to the Caribbean islands of St. Christopher and Nevis.
1984 - A toxic gas leak kills 2,000 and affects an estimated 150,000 in Bhopal, India.
1984 - American track athlete Carl Lewis wins four gold medals at the Los Angeles Olympics.
1984 - Brian Mulroney succeeds John Turner as prime minister of Canada.
1984 - Ronald Reagan defeats Walter Mondale in U.S. presidential elections.
1984 - Britain and China sign a treaty for the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997.
1984 - Britain grants independence to Brunei.
1984 - AT&T divests itself of its 22 operating Bell companies.
1984 - British prime minister Margaret Thatcher escapes injury in an IRA bomb attack.
1984 - Congress forbids official U.S. aid for the anti-Sandinista contras in Nicaragua.
1984 - Geraldine Ferraro becomes the first woman vice-presidential candidate in the U.S.
1984 - Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi is assassinated by Sikh extremists.
1984 - Indian troops attack the Golden Temple at Amritsar to remove militant Sikhs.
1984 - Rajiv Gandhi becomes prime minister of India.
1984 - Rev. Desmond Tutu, opponent of apartheid, is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1984 - Rock singer Bob Geldof organizes Band Aid to raise funds for African famine victims.
1984 - Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega Saavedra is elected president of Nicaragua.
1984 - Shimon Peres succeeds Yitzhak Shamir as prime minister of Israel.
1984 - Kathryn Sullivan becomes the first American woman astronaut to walk in space.
1984 - Soviet leader Yuri Andropov dies; he is succeeded by Konstantin Chernenko.
1984 - The last U.S. Marines leave Lebanon.
1984 - Soviet cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to walk in space.
1985 - Albanian premier Enver Hoxha dies; he is succeeded by Ramiz Alia.
1985 - American film actor Rock Hudson dies from AIDS.
1985 - Baseball player Pete Rose beats Ty Cobb's 57-year-old record of 4,191 base hits.
1985 - French agents sink the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior in New Zealand.
1985 - Jose de Sarney becomes the first civilian president of Brazil in 21 years.
1985 - Julius Nyerere is succeeded as president of Tanzania by Ali Hassan Mwinyi.
1985 - Maj.-Gen. Mohammed Buhari is ousted in a bloodless coup in Nigeria.
1985 - Mexico City is heavily damaged by an earthquake.
1985 - Palestinian terrorists hijack the Italian liner Achille Lauro.
1985 - Premier Gorbachev initiates glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring).
1985 - President Milton Obote is ousted in a military coup in Uganda.
1985 - President Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev hold their first summit meeting.
1985 - President Reagan begins his second term of office; George Bush is vice-president.
1985 - Running back Walter Payton sets an all-time NFL record for rushes of 14,860 yards.
1985 - Shiite Muslim terrorists hijack a TWA Boeing 727 jet to Beirut.
1985 - Soviet Communist party leader Konstantin Chernenko dies; he is succeeded by Mikhail Gorbachev.
1985 - Sudanese prime minister Gaafar al-Nimeiry is ousted in a military coup.
1985 - The North American Soccer League (NASL) suspends operations.
1985 - World chess champion Anatoly Karpov is defeated by 21-year-old Gary Kasparov.
1986 - A hole in the ozone layer is detected over Antarctica.
1986 - A major nuclear-reactor disaster takes place at Chernobyl in the Soviet Union.
1986 - Boxer Mike Tyson wins his first world heavyweight title.
1986 - Civil war breaks out in Yemen (Aden).
1986 - Corazon Aquino is elected president of the Philippines; Ferdinand Marcos is exiled.
1986 - Cyclist Greg LeMond becomes the first American to win the Tour de France.
1986 - Golfer Jack Nicklaus at age 46 becomes the oldest man ever to win the U.S. Open.
1986 - Nigerian poet and playwright Wole Soyinka wins the Nobel Prize for literature.
1986 - President Francois Mitterrand appoints Jacques Chirac prime minister of France.
1986 - President Jean Claude Duvalier of Haiti goes into exile.
1986 - Sayid Mohammad Najibullah replaces Marxist president Babrak Karmal in Afghanistan.
1986 - Former UN secretary-general Kurt Waldheim is elected president of Austria.
1986 - Human-rights activist Elie Wiesel is awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
1986 - Select committees are established to investigate the Iran-Contra Affair.
1986 - Swedish prime minister Olof Palme is assassinated.
1986 - The European Space Agency's Giotto spacecraft passes within 335 miles of Halley's comet.
1986 - The Food and Drug Administration approve the commercial use of the drug interferon.
1986 - The Soviet Union launches the first Mir space station.
1986 - The Space Shuttle Challenger explodes after launch, killing the crew of seven.
1986 - Spain and Portugal officially join the European Community.
1986 - Martin Luther King Day is observed as a federal holiday for the first time.
1986 - The ultralight Voyager aircraft flies around the world nonstop in 9 days.
1986 - U.S. aircraft attack military and terrorist-related targets in Libya.
1986 - Voyager 2 spacecraft makes a rendezvous with the planet Uranus.
1986 - Yitzak Shamir succeeds Shimon Peres as prime minister of Israel.
1987 - A Wall Street stock market crisis spreads to Tokyo and London.
1987 - Tunisian president Habib Bourguiba is ousted from power.
1987 - Col. Oliver North testifies at the Iran-Contra Affair hearings.
1987 - East German leader Erich Honecker makes his first visit to West Germany.
1987 - Libya suffers a military defeat in Chad.
1987 - More than 400 die in clashes between Iranian pilgrims and Saudi police at Mecca.
1987 - The U.S. frigate Stark is hit by an Iraqi missile in the Persian Gulf.
1987 - Portugal agrees to return Macao to China on December 20, 1999.
1987 - Haitians approve a new constitution that provides for the return of a democratic government.
1987 - West Bank Palestinians launch an intifadah (uprising) against the Israeli occupation.
1988 - A cease-fire is declared in the war between Iran and Iraq.
1988 - Iran launches a major offensive against Iraq.
1988 - Portugal agrees to return Macao to China by the year 1999.
1988 - Eugene Antonio Marino becomes the United States' first African-American Catholic archbishop.
1988 - The U.S. Senate ratifies the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.
1988 - Tunisian president Habib Bourguiba is removed from power by the prime minister.
1988 - An earthquake hits Armenia, killing tens of thousands.
1988 - Australia celebrates its Bicentennial.
1988 - Austrian president Kurt Waldheim is exonerated of involvement in war crimes.
1988 - Benazir Bhutto is elected prime minister of Pakistan.
1988 - Carlos Salinas de Gortari is elected president of Mexico.
1988 - Dennis Connor skippers a U.S. catamaran to beat New Zealand in the America's Cup.
1988 - Discovery becomes the first Space Shuttle to be launched after the Challenger disaster.
1988 - Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz wins the Nobel Prize for literature.
1988 - German tennis player Steffi Graf becomes the 3rd woman to win the Grand Slam.
1988 - Hungarian leader Janos Kadar is removed from power; Karoly Grosz assumes his post.
1988 - Indian-born writer Salman Rushdie publishes The Satanic Verses.
1988 - Lee Teng-hui succeeds Chiang Ching-kuo as president of Taiwan.
1988 - Military leaders seize control in Haiti after elections are held.
1988 - Military leaders seize power in Burma (Myanmar).
1988 - Nationalist uprisings break out in the Soviet republic of Armenia.
1988 - Pakistani leader Gen. Muhammed Zia ul-Haq is killed in a plane crash.
1988 - Roh Tae Woo succeeds Chun Doo Hwan as president of South Korea.
1988 - George Bush defeats Michael Dukakis in U.S. presidential elections.
1988 - Television evangelist Jim Bakker is convicted of fraud and conspiracy.
1988 - The Geneva Accords set the timetable for Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan.
1988 - The Iraqis are accused of using chemical weapons against the Kurds.
1988 - The U.S. cruiser Vincennes accidentally shoots downs an Iranian airliner.
1988 - The U.S. indicts Panamanian dictator Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega for drug offenses.
1988 - Vietnam announces it will withdraw all its forces from Kampuchea.
1989 - Akihito succeeds his father Hirohito as emperor of Japan.
1989 - Two U.S. Navy F-14's shoot down two Libyan fighter planes over the Mediterranean.
1989 - Ayatollah Khomeini dies in Iran; Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani becomes president.
1989 - Bulgarian premier Todor Zhivkov resigns; he is succeeded by Petar Mladenov.
1989 - The oil tanker Exxon Valdez runs aground on a reef in the Gulf of Alaska, causing a massive oil spill.
1989 - George Bush is inaugurated as the 41st U.S. president; Dan Quayle is vice-president.
1989 - Carlos Saul Menem succeeds Raul Alfonsin as president of Argentina.
1989 - Demonstrations in East Germany lead to the demolition of the Berlin Wall.
1989 - F. W. de Klerk succeeds P.W. Botha as president of South Africa.
1989 - Gen. Alfredo Stroessner is ousted; Andres Rodriguez becomes president of Paraguay.
1989 - Hu Yao-pang's death in China sparks public rallies demanding social changes.
1989 - Hundreds of demonstrators are killed by troops in Peking's T'ien-an-Men Square.
1989 - Hungary elects to become a multiparty democracy.
1989 - Libyan leader Muammar al-Qaddafi signs a peace treaty with Chad.
1989 - Playwright Vaclav Havel becomes the president of Czechoslovakia.
1989 - Romanian president Nicolae Ceausescu is deposed and killed.
1989 - San Francisco's Marina district is damaged by a severe earthquake.
1989 - Solidarity candidates win a majority in the first free elections in Poland since 1946.
1989 - Soviet forces complete their withdrawal from Afghanistan; the civil war continues.
1989 - The Burmese government changes the country's name to Myanmar.
1989 - The Satanic Verses is condemned by Muslims; author Salman Rushdie goes into hiding.
1989 - The communist government of Milos Jakes resigns in Czechoslovakia.
1989 - U.S. forces invade Panama; Gen. Noriega surrenders and is held on drug charges.
1989 - V.P. Singh succeeds Rajiv Gandhi as prime minister of India.
1989 - Voyager 2 spacecraft transmits pictures to the U.S. of the planet Neptune.
1990 - A mirror in the Hubble Space Telescope is found to be flawed shortly after deployment.
1990 - Boris Yeltsin becomes president of the Russian Republic.
1990 - Alberto Fujimori is elected president of Peru
1990 - David H. Souter replaces the retired William J. Brennen, Jr., on the Supreme Court.
1990 - British prime minister Margaret Thatcher resigns; she is succeeded by John Major.
1990 - Chad President Hissene Habre is deposed by rebel forces led by Idris Deby.
1990 - Jean-Bertrand Aristide is elected president in Haiti's first free elections.
1990 - East and West Germany are reunited; Helmut Kohl becomes chancellor of a united Germany.
1990 - Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello succeeds Jose Sarney as president of Brazil.
1990 - I.M. Pei's 70-story Bank of China headquarters is built in Hong Kong.
1990 - Indian prime minister V.P. Singh resigns; he is succeeded by Chandra Shekhar.
1990 - Iraq invades Kuwait, beginning the Persian Gulf War.
1990 - Lech Walesa wins the first direct presidential elections in Poland's history
1990 - Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia declare their independence from the Soviet Union.
1990 - Namibia becomes independent from South Africa with Sam Nujoma as president.
1990 - Pakistani president Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismisses prime minister Benazir Bhutto.
1990 - President Patricio Aylwin succeeds Gen. Pinochet , ending 16 years of military rule in Chile.
1990 - President Samuel Doe is killed during a military rebellion in Liberia.
1990 - Slovenia and Croatia vote non-Communist governments into power in Yugoslavia.
1990 - South African president F. W. de Klerk releases Nelson Mandela; the ban on the ANC ends.
1990 - Soviet foreign minister Eduard Shevardnadze resigns from office.
1990 - Student riots in Tirane lead to the formation of Albania's first opposition party since 1946.
1990 - Syrian-backed forces defeat Gen. Aoun's Christian militia in Lebanon.
1990 - The UN authorizes an economic blockade of Iraq.
1990 - U.S.-led coalition forces begin Operation Desert Shield to protect Saudi Arabia from Iraq.
1990 - Violeta Barrios de Chamorro succeeds Daniel Ortega as president of Nicaragua.
1990 - Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) unite as the Yemen Republic.
1991 - A U.S.-led international force attacks Iraq for its refusal to withdraw from Kuwait.
1991 - The Warsaw Pact is disbanded.
1991 - A cyclone hits Bangladesh, killing some 125,000 people.
1991 - Mount Pinatubo volcano erupts in the Philippines, killing 38 and causing widespread damage.
1991 - Basketball star Magic Johnson announces that he has HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
1991 - Boris Yeltsin is elected executive president of the Russian Republic.
1991 - Canada and Inuit (Eskimo) leaders agree to establish a new territory, Nunavut.
1991 - Clarence Thomas replaces Thurgood Marshall on the U.S. Supreme Court.
1991 - Former Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi is assassinated while campaigning.
1991 - Haitian president Jean-Bertrand Aristide is overthrown in a coup.
1991 - Having liberated Kuwait, allied forces suspend military action against Iraq.
1991 - Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Shamir agrees to U.S.-USSR sponsored Middle East peace talks.
1991 - Leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus establish the Commonwealth of Independent States.
1991 - Macedonia joins Croatia and Slovenia in declaring independence from Yugoslavia.
1991 - Mikhail Gorbachev gives up the presidency of the USSR.
1991 - Presidents George Bush and  Mikhail Gorbachev sign the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty.
1991 - South Africa's African National Congress elects Nelson Mandela its president.
1991 - Taiwan president Lee Teng-hui ends 43 years of emergency rule.
1991 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army takes credit for bombing the British prime minister's residence.
1991 - The U.S. and USSR agree to end military aid to Afghanistan.
1992 - A UN Conference on Disarmament produces a draft of a treaty to destroy chemical weapons.
1992 - Algeria calls off runoff elections after the Islamic Salvation Front wins the first round of elections.
1992 - Bill Clinton defeats President George Bush and independent Ross Perot in U.S. presidential elections.
1992 - Boutros Boutros-Ghali begins a 5-year term as secretary-general of the United Nations.
1992 - Fidel Ramos becomes president of the Philippines.
1992 - Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega of Panama,  convicted of drug trafficking and racketeering, is sentenced to 40 years in prison.
1992 - Hurricane Andrew strikes Florida; Hurricane Iniki strikes Hawaii.
1992 - Israel's opposition Labor party, led by Yitzhak Rabin, defeats the ruling Likud bloc in parliamentary elections.
1992 - Jackie Joyner-Kersee wins a second heptathlon gold metal at the 1992 Olympics.
1992 - Militant Hindus destroy a 16th-century Muslim mosque in Ayodhya, India.
1992 - South African voters support President de Klerk's proposals for government reform.
1992 - The European Community and several nations recognize the independence of Croatia and Slovenia.
1992 - The Toronto Blue Jays become the first Canadian team to win baseball's World Series.
1992 - The U.S., the UN, and others bring famine relief to civil war-torn Somalia.
1992 - The United Nations holds an Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro.
1992 - The republics of Serbia and Montenegro proclaim a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
1992 - U.S. Space Shuttle Columbia sets an endurance record on a 13-day scientific mission.
1992 - U.S., Canada and Mexico sign the North American Free Trade Agreement and submit it for ratification.
1992 - Violence follows the acquittal of 4 white police officers in the beating of a black Los Angeles motorist.
1992 - Yugoslavia is expelled from the United Nations because of the war in Bosnia and Hercegovina.
1993 - Cambodian elections return Prince Norodom Sihanouk to power.
1993 - Civil war and ethnic strife continue to ravage the states that once constituted Yugoslavia.
1993 - More than 200 people die in a blizzard that strikes the East Coast.
1993 - Michael Jordan leads the Chicago Bulls to a third consecutive National Basketball Association championship.
1993 - Terrorists explode a bomb at New York's World Trade Center.
1993 - The Holocaust Memorial Museum opens in Washington, D.C.
1993 - The U.S. and others bomb Iraq for its noncompliance with U.N. resolutions following the Persian Gulf War.
1993 - Space shuttle Columbia completes a record-setting 2-week mission, studying gravity and weightlessness.
1993 - Western nations attempt to bring order to war-torn Somalia.
1993 - F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela of South Africa share the Nobel Peace Prize.
1993 - Czechoslovakia splits into two countries, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
1993 - Bill Clinton is inaugurated as the 42nd president; Albert Gore is vice-president.
1993 - The European Community eliminates trade barriers among its 12 member nations.
1993 - Some 80 members of the Branch Davidian cult die in an apparent mass suicide as the FBI attacks their compound and it burns down.
1993 - The Ethiopian province of Eritrea declares its independence.
1993 - Flooding of the  Mississippi and Missouri rivers devastates the Midwest.
1993 - The U.S. launches a missile attack against Iraq in retaliation for an Iraqi-backed assassination attempt on former President Bush.
1993 - A severe earthquake rocks India, killing more than 10,000 people.
1993 - President Boris Yeltsin orders Russian troops to put down an armed uprising by members of Parliament and their supporters.
1993 - Benazir Bhutto is elected prime minister of Pakistan.
1993 - Israel and the Vatican agree to establish diplomatic ties for the first time.
1994 -The North American Free Trade Agreement goes into effect.
1994 - A devastating earthquake hits the Los Angeles area, killing some 60 people.
1994 - The U.S. ends its 19-year-old trade embargo against Vietnam.
1994 - An Israeli settler kills some 40 Palestinians in a Hebron mosque on the West Bank.
1994 - The Church of England ordains women priests for the first time.
1994 - With the withdrawal of its last soldiers, the U.S. ends its 15-month mission in Somalia.
1994 - Former president Richard M. Nixon dies.
1994 - Four Islamic fundamentalists are sentenced to 240 years each for  the 1993 New York City  World Trade Center bombing.
1994 - Nelson Mandela becomes president of South Africa after winning that nation's first all-race elections.
1994 - Civil war in Rwanda between Hutus and Tutsis claims 500,000 lives.
1994 - Israel and the PLO sign an accord granting Palestinians self-rule in Gaza and Jericho.
1994 - Former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis dies of cancer.
1994 - In Malawi, the 30-year rule of dictator Hastings Kamuzu Banda comes to an end.
1994 - North Korean president Kim Il Sung dies and his son Kim Jong Il assumes power.
1994 - The international terrorist "Carlos" (Ilich Ramirez Sanchez) is captured in Sudan.
1994 - Major-league baseball owners cancel the remainder of the season after they and striking players fail to come to an agreement.
1994 - Jean-Bertrand Aristide returns to power in Haiti after U.S. troops secure the country.
1994 - Israel and Jordan formally end the state of war that has existed for 46 years.
1994 - In midterm elections, Republicans gain control of both houses of Congress.
1994 - The Irish Republican Army announces a cease-fire.
1994 - The Angola government and the rebel UNITA group agree to end the 19-year civil war.
1994 - Norwegians vote to keep their country out of the European Union.
1995 - The first session of the 104th U.S. Congress convenes with the Republican party having majorities in the House of Representatives and the Senate.
1995 - A powerful earthquake strikes the Japanese city of Kobe, killing some 5,200 persons.
1995 - The United Nations peacekeeping operation in Somalia ends as the last remaining UN troops depart from the capital, Mogadishu.
1995 - Basketball star Michael Jordan, who had retired from the National Basketball Association in October 1993, returns as a player with the Chicago Bulls.
1995 - A nerve-gas attack paralyzes the subway system of Tokyo, Japan, during the morning rush hour. At least ten persons are killed in the terrorist act.
1995 - The Major League Baseball players' strike ends as team owners accept the players' unconditional offer to return to work.
1995 - A massive car bomb explodes outside a federal office building in Oklahoma City, OK, causing numerous fatalities and extensive damage.
1995 - In Bosnia and Herzegovina, U.S. Marines with air support from NATO rescue U.S. Air Force Capt. Scott O'Grady, the pilot of a U.S. F-16 fighter jet that had been shot down in Serbian-held territory on June 2.
1995 - Haitian voters go to the polls for the first time since Jean-Bertrand Aristide was restored to the presidency in the fall of 1994.
1995 - A U.S. space shuttle, Atlantis, docks with a Soviet space station, Mir, for the first time.
1995 - A U.S. Senate committee begins hearings into the Whitewater affair--the real-estate and financial dealings of President and Mrs. Clinton while they were living in Arkansas.
1995 - Russian and Chechen negotiators reach a truce to end the fighting in the breakaway republic of Chechnya.
1995 - U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher arrives in Vietnam to open formal diplomatic relations between the United States and Vietnam.
1995 - In Peace Memorial Park in Hiroshima, Japan, some 100,000 people mark the 50th anniversary of the U.S. atomic bombing of the city during World War II.
1995 - France's Defense Minister Charles Millon announces that France has detonated a nuclear device underground at the Mururoa Atoll in the South Pacific.
1995 - Cal Ripken, Jr., of the Baltimore Orioles plays in his 2,131st straight major-league baseball game, surpassing Lou Gehrig's 1939 record.
1995 - Participants in the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia agree to a U.S.-sponsored agreement to end the fighting in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1995 - Concluding a months-long trial, a jury in Los Angeles announces that it has acquitted former football star O. J. Simpson of the murders of his former wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman.
1995 - Hundreds of thousands of black men participate in the Million Man March in Washington, DC.
1995 - World leaders gather at the United Nations to mark its 50th anniversary.
1995 - In Quebec voters narrowly defeat a proposal granting the Canadian province sovereignty.
1995 - Israel's Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated by a Jewish right-wing extremist in Tel Aviv.
1995 - In Poland, Aleksander Kwasniewski, leader of the formerly Communist Democratic Left Alliance (LSD), defeats Lech Walesa in Poland's runoff presidential election.
1996 - U.S. President Bill Clinton signs a stopgap spending measure ending a 21-day partial shutdown of the federal government.
1996 - The northeastern United States is devastated by a powerful snowstorm, tagged the "Blizzard of '96."
1996 - The Japanese Diet (parliament) elects Hashimoto Ryutaro of the Liberal Democratic party as prime minister.
1996 - January 14 : Jorge Sampaio of Portugal's Socialist party is elected to the nation's presidency.
1996 - Palestinian voters in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank choose a new self-rule Palestinian National Authority government. Yasir Arafat of the PLO is elected president of the Palestinians.
1996 - Over waters between Cuba and the United States, Cuban MiG fighter jets shoot down two unarmed private planes belonging to Brothers to the Rescue, a Cuban exiles' organization, killing four airmen.
1996 - American comedian George Burns dies at his Beverly Hills, CA, home. He had marked his 100th birthday on January 20.
1996 - In Van Nuys, CA, a superior-court jury finds Erik Menendez and his brother Lyle Menendez guilty of the first-degree murders of their parents in Beverly Hills in 1989.
1996 - President Lee Teng-hui wins Taiwan's first democratic presidential election. In anticipation of the voting, Communist China had fired four unarmed surface-to-surface missiles at targets in waters close to Taiwan.
1996 - U.S. Secretary of Commerce Ronald H. Brown is among 35 persons killed when a U.S. military plane slams into a mountainside near the airport at Dubrovnik, Croatia.
1996 - President Clinton signs into law a bill authorizing a line-item veto.
1996 - A ValuJet Airlines DC-9, en route from Miami, FL, to Atlanta, GA, crashes in the Florida Everglades; 105 passengers and five crew members are killed.
1996 - Final results of Israel's May 29 elections reveal that Benjamin Netanyahu of the Likud party has defeated Prime Minister Shimon Peres.
1996 - In India a new coalition government--led by H. D. Deve Gowda, the chief minister of Karnataka state, as prime minister--takes power.
1996 - China announces that it has conducted an underground nuclear test.
1996 - Ella Fitzgerald, the "First Lady of Song," dies in her Beverly Hills, CA, home at the age of 79.
1996 - Near Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, a truck bomb explodes at an apartment complex housing U.S. military personnel. Nineteen Americans are killed and more than 150 are injured.
1996 - Russia's President Boris N. Yeltsin is reelected in runoff balloting, becoming his country's first democratically elected head of state.
1996 - In Great Britain, Buckingham Palace announces that Prince Charles and Princess Diana have agreed on the terms for their divorce.
1996 - A Trans World Airlines (TWA) 747 jetliner, with 230 persons aboard, crashes into the Atlantic Ocean after takeoff from New York's Kennedy Airport.
1996 - The XXVI Summer Olympic Games open in Atlanta, GA
1996 - NASA officials report that an ancient meteorite from Mars contains the first direct evidence that life once existed beyond Earth.
1996 - President Clinton signs a bill ending "welfare as we know it." The legislation ends the federal guarantee of aid to the poor and allows the states to enact welfare programs that require recipients to work for benefits.
1996 - Nationwide elections are held in Bosnia and Herzegovina in accordance with the 1995 peace agreement. Bosnia's President Alija Izetbegovic, a Muslim, is chosen as chairman of a three-man collective presidency.
1996 - Shannon Lucid returns to Earth after spending 188 days in space--a record for a U.S. astronaut and for a woman.
1996 - Bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and Jose Ramos Horta are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts toward "a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor."
1996 - In U.S. national elections, Bill Clinton becomes the first Democrat since Franklin Roosevelt to win a second term as president. The Republican party retains control of both houses of the U.S. Congress.
1996 - An estimated 500,000 Hutu refugees begin returning to Rwanda voluntarily after spending more than two years in refugee camps in eastern Zaire.
1996 - Pope John Paul II and Cuba's President Fidel Castro confer at the Vatican.
1996 - South Africa's President Nelson Mandela signs into law a new national constitution.
1996 - The UN General Assembly elects Kofi Annan of Ghana, a 58-year-old career diplomat, as secretary general.
1997 - January 2 : In Singapore the ruling People's Action party (PAP) captures 81 of the 83 parliamentary seats in general elections.
1997 - January 5 : Russia's Interior Minister Gen. Pavel Maslov announces that Russia's troop withdrawal from the separatist republic of Chechnya has been completed.
1997 - January 6 : The U.S. Advisory Council on Social Security releases its recommendations for reform of the Social Security system.
1997 - January 7 : The first session of the 105th U.S. Congress convenes. Although facing continuing ethical charges, Rep. Newt Gingrich (R-GA) is reelected speaker of the House of Representatives by a vote of 216-205.
1997 - January 9 : Slovenia's parliament reelects Janez Drnovsek as premier. His party, the Liberal Democrats, had won the most seats of any party in parliamentary elections in November 1996.
1997 - January 9 : Volkswagen AG agrees to pay $100 million to General Motors to settle a lawsuit contending that Volkswagen stole trade secrets from General Motors.
1997 - January 10 : Arnoldo Aleman is inaugurated as president of Nicaragua. He had defeated former President Daniel Ortega Saavedra in national elections in October 1996.
1997 - January 15 : Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestine National Authority leader Yasir Arafat conclude an agreement on terms for Israel's withdrawal from most of the West Bank city of Hebron.
1997 - January 16 : Ennis W. Cosby, the son of entertainer Bill Cosby, is shot to death on a freeway ramp in Los Angeles, CA.
1997 - January 17 : President Bill Clinton awards the Presidential Medal of Freedom to former Sen. Robert Dole, the president's Republican opponent in the 1996 election.
1997 - January 18 : Former U.S. Sen. Paul Tsongas (D-MA), who sought the 1992 Democratic presidential nomination, dies at the age of 55.
1997 - January 19 : In Austria, Finance Minister Viktor Klima is selected to succeed Franz Vranitzky as the nation's chancellor. Vranitzky had announced his resignation from the post on January 18.
1997 - January 20 : William Jefferson (Bill) Clinton is inaugurated for a second term as president of the United States. Albert Gore, Jr., takes the oath as vice-president.
1997 - January 21 : The U.S. House of Representatives reprimands House Speaker Newt Gingrich and fines the Georgia Republican $300,000 for bringing discredit to Congress by using tax-exempt donations for political purposes and submitting false information to the House Ethics Committee.
1997 - January 22 : The U.S. space shuttle Atlantis completes an 11-day mission during which it docked with the Russian space station Mir and picked up U.S. astronaut John Blaha, who had been aboard Mir since September 1996. U.S. Navy Capt. Jerry Linenger replaced Blaha as a member of the Mir crew.
1997 - January 22 : Canada's Foreign Minister Lloyd Axworthy concludes a visit to Cuba, during which he met with President Fidel Castro.
1997 - January 23 : Madeleine Albright takes office as the 64th U.S. secretary of state.
1997 - January 23 : The Swiss government and Swiss banks and businesses agree to establish a fund to pay victims of the Nazi Holocaust. The fund is intended to compensate Holocaust victims who have been unable to retrieve assets that they or their relatives had deposited--or that invading Nazi forces had stolen and deposited--in Swiss bank accounts during World War II. The action is taken in response to claims that Swiss banks hold as much as $7 billion of assets that belong to Holocaust victims.
1997 - January 23 : President Clinton confers with the new United Nations secretary-general, Kofi Annan, at the White House.
1997 - January 24 : William S. Cohen is sworn in as U.S. secretary of defense, becoming the only Republican to serve in the Clinton cabinet.
1997 - January 24 : Moldova's legislature approves a new government, led by Ion Ciubuc as premier. Petru Lucinschi, who had been elected the nation's president in December 1996, had taken office on January 15.
1997 - January 25 : In Bangui, Central African Republic, President Ange-Felix Patasse, his opponents, and a group of army mutineers sign an agreement to end a ten-week-long uprising by mutineers as well as the accompanying violence. The pact calls for the establishment of a government of national unity, the restoration of the constitution during a period of transition to democracy, and the granting of amnesty to the mutineers.
1997 - January 26 : The Green Bay Packers defeat the New England Patriots, 35-21, in professional football's Super Bowl XXXI.
1997 - January 26 : Pete Sampras of the United States wins the men's singles tennis title at the Australian Open. Switzerland's Martina Hingis had captured the women's crown on January 25.
1997 - January 27 : Gen. Aslan Maskhadov is elected president of Chechnya, the breakaway Russian republic.
1997 - January 28 : South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which was established in 1995 to help correct the damage caused by decades of apartheid, reports that former policemen had admitted killing Steve Biko, a black antiapartheid activist, in 1977. Biko's death in police custody had led to international outrage.
1997 - February 3 : In Pakistan the Pakistan Muslim League party, led by former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, scores an overwhelming victory in parliamentary elections. The government of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto of the Pakistan People's Party had been dismissed on Nov. 5, 1996, on corruption charges, and the new elections were called.
1997 - February 4 : President Clinton delivers the annual State of the Union address to a joint session of Congress.
1997 - February 4 : In a civil trial in Santa Monica, CA, a jury finds former football star O. J. Simpson liable for the 1994 stabbing death of his former wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ronald Goldman.
1997 - February 4 : Two Israeli helicopters collide in midair south of the Israeli-Lebanon border, killing all 65 soldiers and eight crew members aboard the two aircraft.
1997 - February 5 : Pamela Harriman, the U.S. ambassador to France and a former fund-raiser for the Democratic party, dies in Paris at the age of 76.
1997 - February 6 : President Clinton presents to Congress a federal budget of $1.69 trillion for fiscal year 1998. The president claims that the plan will lead to a balanced budget by the year 2002.
1997 - February 6 : In Mexico, Gen. Jesus Gutierrez Rebollo, head of the National Institute to Combat Drugs, is forced to resign amid allegations that he accepted bribes from one of Mexico's most powerful drug lords.
1997 - February 11 : Israel releases 31 Palestinian women from prison in accordance with its agreement with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
1997 - February 11 : Fabian Alarcon, the president of Ecuador's Congress, is named to serve as the nation's interim president until August 1998. On February 6 the Congress had removed President Abdal Bucaram Ortiz from office on the grounds of "mental incapacity."
1997 - February 12 : The White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security-established after the crash of Trans World Airlines Flight 800 in July 1996-issues its report, with recommendations to reduce the rate of commercial air accidents by 80% by the year 2007.
1997 - February 13 : Latvia's parliament approves a new government, led by Premier Andris Skele.
1997 - February 15 : President Clinton invokes emergency powers to block a strike planned by the pilots of American Airlines.
1997 - February 15 : More than 65 nations accept a global telecommunications agreement, opening their telephone markets to foreign as well as domestic competition. The agreement was negotiated under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
1997 - February 17 : Nawaz Sharif takes office as prime minister of Pakistan.
1997 - February 18 : Canada's Finance Minister Paul Martin introduces the nation's federal budget for fiscal year 1998.
1997 - February 19 : Deng Xaioping, China's paramount leader, dies in Beijing at the age of 92.
1997 - February 19 : The U.S. Department of Commerce reports a 1996 deficit of $114.23 billion in trade in goods and services.
1997 - February 19 : A 19-month strike against Detroit's two major daily newspapers ends.
1997 - February 21 : The U.S. space shuttle Discovery completes a ten-day mission. The mission's crew, which conducted a series of five space walks, had installed new observation equipment on the Hubble Space Telescope, raised the telescope's orbit position by about 10 mi (16 km), and repaired tears in its insulation panels.
1997 - February 23 : The British newspaper Observer reports that researchers in Scotland have created the first genetic clone of an adult animal. The cloned animal is a Finn Dorse lamb called Dolly.
1997 - February 23 : A gunman opens fire on tourists on the observation deck of New York City's Empire State Building, killing one person and injuring six others.
1997 - February 25 : Madeleine Albright completes her first world tour as U.S. secretary of state, during which she visited Russia and China.
1997 - February 26 : Despite Palestinian objections, the Israeli cabinet approves the development of a large Jewish settlement in a traditionally Arab sector of East Jerusalem.
1997 - February 27 : In Ireland a constitutional amendment ending the nation's ban on divorce becomes effective.
1997 - February 28 : The U.S. Department of Commerce reports that the nation's gross domestic product (GDP) increased at a revised, inflation-adjusted annual rate of 2.4  5878n 1996.
1997 - February 28 : A powerful earthquake strikes the Armenia-Azerbaijan-Iran border region, taking the lives of at least 965 persons and injuring some 2,600.
1997 - March 2 : The Albanian parliament declares a nationwide state of emergency. Residents of southern Albanian towns have taken up arms and challenged authorities, leading to widespread unrest. Many Albanians blame the government of Sali Berisha for not halting the growth of pyramid investment schemes, several of which had collapsed in 1996.
1997 - March 2 : The Washington Post reports that Vice-President Al Gore played a central role in soliciting funds for the Democratic party in 1996, intensifying the furor over the party's fund-raising activities.
1997 - March 3 : Harold J. Nicholson, 46-year-old former deputy station chief in Malaysia for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), pleads guilty to spying for Russia. On February 28, Earl Edwin Pitts, a 43-year-old former agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), pleaded guilty to charges of conspiracy to commit espionage and attempted espionage for Russia.
1997 - March 4 : South Korea's President Kim Young Sam names Koh Kun, a university president, as prime minister as the nation faces a loan scandal involving Hanbo Steel Industry Co.
1997 - March 9 : The Notorious B.I.G., an East Coast rap musician, is killed in a drive-by shooting in Los Angeles.
1997 - March 11 : As armed gangs in Albania continue to oppose President Sali Berisha for his role in the fall of investment schemes throughout the nation, the president names a new government.
1997 - March 13 : A Jordanian soldier armed with an automatic rifle fires on a group of Israeli schoolgirls at a border site-killing seven girls and injuring six others, including a schoolteacher. The soldier is believed to be mentally disturbed.
1997 - March 14 : President Clinton undergoes a two-hour knee operation at Bethesda Naval Hospital. The president injured his right knee after he slipped and fell down stairs at the Florida home of golfer Greg Norman.
1997 - March 15 : In Zaire rebel forces capture the nation's third-largest city, Kisangani.
1997 - March 17 : Anthony Lake withdraws his nomination to be director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Lake's nomination was facing continuing, prolonged confirmation hearings in the U.S. Senate.
1997 - March 17 : Russia's President Boris Yeltsin names Boris Y. Nemtsov, a 37 -year-old regional governor known as a champion of free enterprise, as a first deputy prime minister, overseeing social programs and regulating monopolies. On March 7 the president had appointed Chief of Staff Anatoly B. Chubais, 41, as first deputy prime minister in charge of the economy.
1997 - March 17 : Janet Jagan is sworn in as prime minister of Guyana, succeeding her husband, Cheddi Jagan, who died on March 6.
1997 - March 17 : British Prime Minister John Major announces that a general election will be held on May 1.
1997 - March 19 : Willem de Kooning, the 92-year-old Dutch-born American abstract expressionist painter, dies in East Hampton, NY.
1997 - March 20 : The Liggett Group, Inc., the smallest of the five leading U.S. cigarette manufacturers, acknowledges that tobacco is addictive and causes cancer and that tobacco companies have marketed their products to children for decades. In turn, the company is released from liability for the costs incurred by 22 states due to treating smokers' illnesses.
1997 - March 21 : Concluding a two-day summit in Helsinki, Finland, President Clinton and Russia's President Yeltsin agree that Russia will negotiate its own partnership agreement with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) before the alliance undergoes expansion.
1997 - March 21 : A suicide bomb kills four persons in a crowded cafe in Tel Aviv, Israel.
1997 - March 22 : Palestinians and Israeli soldiers engage in hostilities in Hebron as Israel's plan to build an Israeli settlement in mainly Arab East Jerusalem continues to be contested.
1997 - March 24 : The World War II period film The English Patient wins nine Academy Awards, including one for best picture.
1997 - March 25 : The U.S. Federal Reserve System votes to raise interest rates for the first time since Feb. 1, 1995.
1997 - March 25 : In Beijing, U.S. Vice-President Al Gore assures China's Prime Minister Li Peng that charges that China sought to funnel funds to U.S. political campaigns in 1996 would not affect U.S.-Chinese relations.
1997 - March 25 : Final results of March 16 midterm elections in El Salvador indicate major gains for the former rebels of the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front in voting for mayoral and congressional positions.
1997 - March 26 : Thirty-nine members of the Heaven's Gate cult are found dead following a mass suicide at an estate in Rancho Santa Fe, CA.
1997 - March 27 : At a state prison in Nashville, TN, James Earl Ray publicly tells Dexter Scott King that he did not kill King's father, the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., in April 1968. Ray, who confessed to the crime and then recanted, is serving a 99-year prison sentence for King's murder.
1997 - March 30 : At least ten persons are killed and some 100 are injured by a grenade attack at an opposition rally in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
1997 - March 31 : In Denver, CO, jury selection begins in the trial of Timothy J. McVeigh, a defendant in the April 1995 bombing of a federal building in Oklahoma City, OK.
1997 - March 31 : President Clinton names Gen. Wesley K. Clark commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and U.S. forces in Europe.
1997 - March 31 : The University of Arizona wins the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball championship, upsetting Kentucky, 84-79, in overtime. On March 30, Tennessee had captured the women's Division I basketball title for a second consecutive year. The Lady Vols defeated Old Dominion, 68-59.
1997 - April 2 : Russia's President Yeltsin and Belarus' President Aleksandr R. Lukashenko sign a treaty calling for the closer integration of their two nations. A similar 1996 agreement had not provided for full verification.
1997 - April 2 : U.S. health officials report 153 cases of hepatitis-A infection among schoolchildren and teachers in Michigan. Strawberries imported from Mexico and processed in California caused the ailment.
1997 - April 3 : German Chancellor Helmut Kohl announces that he will run for a fifth term in 1998.
1997 - April 7 : President Clinton confers with Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu at the White House.
1997 - April 7 : In Zaire government troops in Lubumbashi, the nation's second-largest city, surrender to rebel troops without a struggle.
1997 - April 8 : Canada's Prime Minister Jean Chretien concludes his first state visit to the United States, during which he and President Clinton announced a series of agreements easing U.S.-Canadian border crossings for commercial vehicles, combating telemarketing fraud, and facilitating searches for missing children.
1997 - April 8 : The Vatican announces the appointment of Archbishop Francis E. George of Portland, OR, as archbishop of Chicago. The 60-year-old Chicago native is to succeed the late Cardinal Joseph Bernardin.
1997 - April 8 : Los Angeles Mayor Richard Riordan (R) is elected to a second term, defeating California state Sen. Tom Hayden.
1997 - April 10 : A federal judge rules that the 1996 Line-Item Veto Act--permitting the president to reject specific items in appropriation bills, new entitlement programs, and special-interest tax breaks without vetoing the entire bill--is unconstitutional.
1997 - April 12 : Pope John Paul II visits Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina. Local police report that mines had been planted along the papal route.
1997 - April 13 : During a visit to Albania, Italy's Prime Minister Romano Prodi states that an Italian-led multinational force will help restore order in Albania.
1997 - April 13 : Tiger Woods, 21, wins the 61st Masters Golf Tournament with a 72-hole, tournament-record score of 270, or 18 under par.
1997 - April 14 : U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno rejects calls by Republicans for the establishment of an independent prosecutor to investigate campaign financing.
1997 - April 14 : James B. McDougal, a former business partner of Bill and Hillary Clinton, is sentenced to three years in prison. He had been convicted in May 1996 of 18 felony charges in connection with the Whitewater case.
1997 - April 15 : More than 300 persons gathered for sacred Muslim rituals die as fires driven by high winds sweep an overcrowded pilgrims encampment near Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
1997 - April 15 : Michael Bromwich, the U.S. Justice Department's inspector general, issues a report indicating "extremely serious and significant problems" at the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI's) crime laboratory. According to the report, some FBI forensic operations have been sloppy and biased.
1997 - April 17 : Newt Gingrich, speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, announces that he will borrow $300,000 from former Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole in order to pay his fine to the House.
1997 - April 18 : In the Old Executive Office Building in Washington, President Clinton, Vice-President Gore, and Martin Lee, the leader of Hong Kong's Democratic party, discuss the issue of civil rights in Hong Kong after the colony returns to Chinese sovereignty on July 1, 1997.
1997 - April 20 : Hwang Jang Yop, a former top ideologue for North Korea, arrives in Seoul, South Korea--67 days after leaving North Korea and seeking asylum at the South Korean consulate in Beijing.
1997 - April 21 : In India, a new government--led by Inder K. Gujral, who twice has served as foreign minister--takes office. On March 30 the Congress party had withdrawn its support of the government of Prime Minister H. D. Deve Gowda, and the Deve Gowda government was defeated on April 11.
1997 - April 21 : President Clinton approves a ban on U.S. investment in Myanmar in view of human-rights abuses by the nation's military government.
1997 - April 21 : Lameck Aguta of Kenya finishes first among the men in the 101st Boston Marathon. Ethiopia's Fatuma Roba is the first African woman to win among the women.
1997 - April 22 : Members of Peru's military stage a daylight attack on the Japanese embassy in Lima, ending a four-month standoff with rebels of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement. Seventy-one hostages held by the rebels are rescued; one hostage, a Peruvian supreme-court justice, dies of complications from a gunshot wound; and 14 rebels and two soldiers are killed. Throughout the ordeal the rebels had demanded the release of 400 of its jailed members or reduced prison sentences for them.
1997 - April 22 : President Clinton and members of his administration inspect areas of North Dakota devastated by recent flooding of the Red River. The president announces that he will ask Congress for $488 million in aid for the region.
1997 - April 23 : The University of Southern California Program for Assisted Reproduction announces that a 63-year-old woman gave birth to a baby girl in late 1996. The woman, believed to be the world's oldest new mother, became pregnant with an egg donated from another woman and fertilized by her husband's sperm.
1997 - April 23 : Ralph Reed announces his resignation as executive director of the Christian Coalition.
1997 - April 24 : The U.S. Senate ratifies the Chemical Weapons Convention, a global treaty banning the development, production, storage, and use of chemical weapons.
1997 - April 25 : President Clinton and Japan's Prime Minister Hashimoto Ryutaro discuss trade and other issues at the White House.
1997 - April 25 : A federal judge in North Carolina upholds the power of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to regulate tobacco as a drug but withholds the agency's power to control tobacco advertising aimed at young people.
1997 - April 27 : Canada's Prime Minister Jean Chretien calls a general election for June 2.
1997 - April 27 : President Clinton and former Presidents Jimmy Carter and George Bush assemble in Philadelphia for the Presidents' Summit for America's Future. Under the chairmanship of Gen. Colin L. Powell, the three-day conference is intended to encourage volunteerism in the United States.
1997 - April 27 : Parliamentary elections are held in Yemen for the first time since a 1994 civil war.
1997 - April 28 : In Texas, Joe and Margaret Ann Rowe are freed after being held hostage by Republic of Texas militants demanding independence for the state. In exchange, police allow a member of the separatist group who had been arrested on weapons charges to leave jail and return to the group's headquarters in southwest Texas.
1997 - April 29 : A military jury in Aberdeen, MD, convicts a former drill sergeant of raping six women trainees under his command. The verdict is seen as a signal to the U.S. armed forces, which have been the subject of repeated charges of sexual harassment in recent months.
1997 - May 1 : Tony Blair and the Labour party win a landslide victory in Britain's general elections, ousting Prime Minister John Major and ending 18 years of Conservative rule. The margin of victory is expected to give the Labourites more than 400 seats, an overwhelming majority, in Parliament.
1997 - May 2 : The U.S. Labor Department reports that the nation's unemployment rate dropped to 4.9 5943n April--the lowest level since December 1973.
1997 - May 2 : President Clinton presides at ceremonies formally opening the new Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial in Washington, D.C.
1997 - May 3 : In Fort Davis, TX, a standoff between members of the Republic of Texas--a secessionist group demanding nationhood for Texas--and law-enforcement officials comes to an end as four memers of the group surrender and the two remaining members flee into nearby mountains.
1997 - May 6 : Following two days of meetings in Mexico City, Mexico's President Ernesto Zedillo and President Clinton sign joint statements on issues involving illegal drugs and management of the U.S.-Mexican border.
1997 - May 7 : A U.S. government report concludes that the Swiss government reneged on a 1946 agreement to return millions of dollars in assets that Nazi Germany looted from European banks and Holocaust victims during World War II.
1997 - May 7 : A United Nations war-crimes tribunal convicts Dusan Tadic, a 41-year-old Bosnian Serb, of killing two policemen and torturing and persecuting Muslim civilians in Bosnia in 1992.
1997 - May 10 : At least 1,500 persons are killed and some 2,300 are injured as a major earthquake devastates northern Iran.
1997 - May 10 : President Clinton meets with the leaders of 15 Caribbean nations in Bridgetown, Barbados.
1997 - May 11 : IBM's chess-playing computer "Deep Blue" defeats world-chess champion Gary Kasparov in a six-game match.
1997 - May 12 : Russia's President Boris Yeltsin and Aslan Maskhadov, the leader of Chechnya, sign a peace agreement.
1997 - May 12 : Reports indicate that as many as seven mountain climbers died on Mount Everest's north face over the weekend of May 10-11.
1997 - May 15 : The Ethics Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives announces that Speaker Newt Gingrich will pay with his own funds half of the $300,000 fine levied against him for violating ethics regulations. Gingrich's earlier plan to pay the entire fine with money borrowed from former Sen. Bob Dole had run into criticism.
1997 - May 17 : Laurent Kabila, Zaire's rebel leader, declares himself president of the Democratic Republic of Congo--the name the nation took after its independence from Belgium in 1960. Mobutu Sese Seko, Zaire's leader since 1965, yielded power and fled the capital on May 16.
1997 - May 18 : In Mongolia's presidential election, Natsagiin Bagabandi, chairman of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary party (the former Communist party), defeats the incumbent, Punsalmaagiyn Ochirbat of the Democratic Union Coalition.
1997 - May 19 : A cyclone sweeps through the coastal region of Bangladesh, killing 108 persons and leaving 1,500 missing and 400,000 homeless.
1997 - May 22 : U.S. 1st Lt. Kelly Flinn, the nation's first female B-52 pilot, agrees to a general discharge from the air force rather than face a court-martial for adultery, lying, and other charges.
1997 - May 23 : Mohammad Khatami, a relatively moderate Islamic cleric, is elected president of Iran.
1997 - May 25 : At the age of 94, Strom Thurmond (R-SC) becomes the longest-serving U.S. senator in history.
1997 - May 27 : The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously rejects President Clinton's request to delay until his presidential term has ended proceedings in a sexual-harassment suit brought against him by Paula Corbin Jones.
1997 - May 27 : President Clinton and leaders of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) join Russia's President Yeltsin in signing the Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation, and Security. The act establishes a new NATO-Russia council for consultation on security issues. It also paves the way for the expansion of the organization.
1997 - May 29 : Indonesia's ruling Golkar party scores a landslide victory in parliamentary elections.
1997 - June 2 : Canada's Liberal party, led by Prime Minister Jean Chretien, is returned to power--but with a reduced majority--in national elections.
1997 - June 3 : After France's Socialist and other leftist parties gain control of Parliament in legislative elections on May 25 and June 1, Socialist party leader Lionel Jospin takes office as prime minister.
1997 - June 5 : Voter turnout is low as Algeria's military-supported government wins the most seats in parliamentary elections.
1997 - June 7 : The Detroit Red Wings win the National Hockey League (NHL) Stanley Cup, defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in four straight games.
1997 - June 12 : President Clinton signs an $8.6 billion disaster-relief bill, providing aid for states devastated by floods.
1997 - June 12 : UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan names Mary Robinson, whose term as president of Ireland expires in December 1997, as his high commissioner for human rights.
1997 - June 13 : The Chicago Bulls capture the National Basketball Association (NBA) championship by defeating the Utah Jazz, four games to two.
1997 - June 15 : Croatia's President Franjo Tudjman is elected to a third term in voting that international observers call "fundamentally flawed."
1997 - June 22 : The Summit of Eight--formerly the G-7 (the leading industrial democracies), plus the formal addition of Russia in 1997--concludes in Denver, CO. The environment, Middle East, elections in Hong Kong, and the enlargement of NATO were among issues discussed.
1997 - June 25 : The Russian space station Mir loses up to half its power supply in a crash with an unmanned cargo craft during a docking exercise.
1997 - June 26 : Bertie Ahern is chosen as prime minister of the Republic of Ireland. Final results of parliamentary elections on June 6 revealed that the coalition led by Ahern's Fianna Fail won 81 of 166 seats.
1997 - June 26 : By a vote of 9-0, the U.S. Supreme Court rejects constitutional challenges to laws in the states of New York and Washington that prohibit doctor-assisted suicides. The court also declares a federal law intended to curb indecent material on the Internet to be unconstitutional.
1997 - June 27 : By a vote of 5-4, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the federal Brady gun-control law violates "the very principle of separate state sovereignty" by requiring state officials to conduct background checks of persons buying handguns.
1997 - June 28 : Evander Holyfield retains his World Boxing Association (WBA) heavyweight title after Mike Tyson is disqualified for biting Holyfield's ear in the third round of a championship fight in Las Vegas, NV.
1997 - June 30 : Turkey's President Suleyman Demirel approves a new government, led by secular leader Mesut Yilmaz as prime minister. The new coalition ends Turkey's experiment with Islamic rule.
1997 - July 1 : China resumes sovereignty over Hong Kong, ending 156 years of British rule.
1997 - July 2 : Veteran actor Jimmy Stewart dies at the age of 89.
1997 - July 4 : An unmanned U.S. spacecraft, the Mars Pathfinder, lands on Mars to begin intensive studies of the planet. This landing is the first one on Mars since 1976.
1997 - July 6 : Mexico's ruling Institutional Revolutionary party (PRI) loses its majority in the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of Congress, for the first time in 68 years.
1997 - July 6 : In Cambodia, army factions loyal to Second Premier Hun Sen oust First Premier Prince Norodom Ranariddh. The two sides had announced the capture of Pol Pot, the leader of Cambodia's Khmer Rouge, in June.
1997 - July 6 : Pete Sampras wins his fourth Wimbledon men's singles tennis title. Switzerland's Martina Hingis captured the women's crown on July 5.
1997 - July 8 : At a summit meeting in Madrid, Spain, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland are invited to join NATO.
1997 - July 8 : The U.S. Senate Governmental Affairs Committee begins hearings on campaign-finance practices during 1996.
1997 - July 10 : The nomination of George J. Tenet as director of the Central Intelligence Agency is confirmed by the U.S. Senate.
1997 - July 19 : The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) declares a restoration of the cease-fire in its armed campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland. An earlier halt in the hostilities had been broken in February 1996.
1997 - July 23 : Andrew P. Cunanan, a 27-year-old suspect in the July 15 murder of fashion designer Gianni Versace, commits suicide on a houseboat in Miami Beach, FL. The fugitive also was wanted for the murders of four other men.
1997 - July 23 : Slobodan Milosevic, who is ending his second five-year term as president of Serbia, takes office as president of Yugoslavia (the federation of Serbia and Montenegro).
1997 - July 24 : Albania's parliament elects Rexhep Mejdani to succeed Sali Berisha as the nation's president; Mejdani, in turn, designates Fatos Nano, the leader of the Socialist party, as premier.
1997 - July 25 : In India, Kocheril Raman Narayanan is the first member of the Dalits, Hinduism's lowest caste, to become president.
1997 - July 30 : At least 13 persons are killed in two suicide bombings in West Jerusalem. A communique claims that the military wing of the Palestinian Islamic organization Hamas is responsible for the attacks.
1997 - August 2 : Former warlord Charles G. Taylor is sworn in for a six-year term as president of Liberia. Taylor's National Patriotic Front had scored a major victory in July elections.
1997 - August 4 : Mohammad Khatami takes the oath as president of Iran.
1997 - August 5 : President Clinton signs legislation enacting a bipartisan plan to balance the federal budget by the year 2002.
1997 - August 6 : Bolivia's Congress elects former military ruler Hugo Banzer Suarez as the nation's president.
1997 - August 6 : Steven Jobs, cofounder of Apple Computer Inc., announces that the company's rival, Microsoft Corp., will invest $150 million in Apple and pay Apple some $100 million in a cross-licensing agreement. Apple has been losing market share to computers equipped with Intel Corp. micorprocessors and Microsoft's Windows operating software.
1997 - August 7 : Latvia's Parliament approves a new government, headed by Premier Guntars Krasts.
1997 - August 11 : President Clinton uses the line-item veto for the first time, striking three tax and spending items from balanced-budget legislation.
1997 - August 14 : Timothy McVeigh is sentenced to death for the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, OK.
1997 - August 19 : The International Brotherhood of Teamsters union and the United Parcel Service of America Inc. (UPS) reach a tentative five-year contract agreement--ending a 15-day strike.
1997 - August 20 : In a renewed cycle of violence between Israeli and Hezbollah forces, Israeli warplanes strike targets in Lebanon; on August 19, Hezbollah had fired rockets into northern Israel in retaliation for an attack on the Lebanese port city of Sidon.
1997 - August 21 : Hudson Foods Inc., an Arkansas-based meat-processing company, announces a nationwide recall of 25 million lbs (11 million kg) of beef after Colorado health officials linked an outbreak of E. coli bacteria poisoning to hamburgers produced by the company.
1997 - August 22 : The UN High Commissioner for Refugees announces that at least 120 people--thought to be Tutsi who had fled from eastern Congo--have been massacred at a refugee camp in western Rwanda.
1997 - August 24 : Pope John Paul II concludes a four-day visit to France, during which he participated in the 12th World Youth Days festival.
1997 - August 26 : South Africa's former President F. W. de Klerk steps down as leader of the National party.
1997 - August 26 : At an international conference in Geneva, Switzerland, meteorologists predict that an El Nino could lead to disastrous weather conditions in the United States, Asia, and Africa during the first part of 1998.
1997 - August 28 : California's Proposition 209, a measure intended to eliminate state and local affirmative-action programs that was approved in 1996 balloting, goes into effect.
1997 - August 29 : As the insurgency by Islamic fundamentalists against the military-supported government of President Lamine Zeroual continues in Algeria, hundreds of civilians are killed in a predawn raid in the village of Rais, south of Algiers.
1997 - August 30 : In a special session of Mexico's Chamber of Deputies, a coalition of four opposition parties elects Porfirio Munoz Lido of the Democratic Revolutionary party (PRD) to a one-month term as speaker. It is the first time in 68 years that the post is not held by a member of the Institutional Revolutionary party (PRI).
1997 - August 31 : Lady Diana, the 36-year-old princess of Wales, dies following a car crash in Paris, France. Emad Mohamed al-Fayed, a 41-year-old Egyptian-born film producer and friend of the princess, and Henri Paul, the 41-year-old driver of the car, had been killed instantly.
1997 - September 3 : In Phoenix, AZ, a federal jury convicts Arizona's Gov. J. Fife Symington 3d of seven felony counts of fraud. He then resigns as Arizona's chief executive.
1997 - September 5 : Mother Teresa, the 87-year-old Roman Catholic nun who won the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize, dies of a heart attack in Calcutta, India.
1997 - September 7 : Mobutu Sese Seko, 66, the president of Zaire from November 1965 to May 1997, dies in exile in Rabat, Morocco.
1997 - September 7 : At the U.S. Open tennis tournament, Australia's Patrick Rafter and Switzerland's Martina Hingis win the men's and women's singles titles, respectively.
1997 - September 8 : A ferry sinks some 50 yds (46 m) offshore from Montrouis, Haiti, taking the lives of at least 200 persons.
1997 - September 11 : The Scottish electorate votes to establish Scotland's own legislature for the first time since 1707.
1997 - September 13 : Residents of Bosnia and Herzegovina vote in municipal elections.
1997 - September 15 : The makers of two popular diet drugs--fenfluramine (Pondimin) and dexfenfluramine (Redux)--announce a recall at the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). New research indicates that the drugs may cause heart-valve damage.
1997 - September 18 : A weeklong Communist party Congress ends in China. During the gathering, an economic-reform program was enacted; Qiao Shi, a major rival of President Jiang Zemin, was ousted from power; and a new party Central Committee was selected.
1997 - September 18 : U.S. businessman Ted Turner announces that he is donating $1 billion to a foundation to benefit UN causes.
1997 - September 18 : Citizens of Wales vote by a narrow margin to accept London's offer to establish an elected assembly.
1997 - September 23 : Representatives of Japan and the United States announce the approval of a new cooperative regional security agreement.
1997 - September 25 : The U.S. Senate Finance Committee concludes three days of hearings regarding procedural problems at the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
1997 - September 26 : President Boris Yeltsin signs legislation restricting religious practice in Russia.
1997 - September 26 : Two earthquakes strike central Italy, severely damaging the Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi and precious works of art contained inside.
1997 - September 29 : Iranian warplanes cross into Iraqi airspace and strike two outposts of an Iraqi-based Iranian opposition group.
1997 - October 4 : Members of the Promise Keepers, an all-male evangelical group, hold a mass rally in Washington, DC.
1997 - October 6 : The U.S. Supreme Court opens its 1997-98 term.
1997 - October 8 : In North Korea, Kim Jong Il--son of the nation's late founder Kim Il Sung--formally assumes the post of general secretary of the communist Korean Workers' party.
1997 - October 10 : The Norwegian Nobel Committee announces the awarding of the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize to the International Campaign to Ban Landmines and its coordinator, Jody Williams.
1997 - October 15 : Cassini, an unmanned, plutonium-powered spacecraft, is launched on its mission to the planet Saturn.
1997 - October 18 : President Clinton completes a weeklong tour of South America, during which he lobbied for expanded free trade.
1997 - October 20 : Poland's Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) and Freedom Union parties agree to form a coalition government with Jerzy Buzek, a 57-year-old former chemistry professor, as premier. Parliamentary elections were held September 21.
1997 - October 22 : South Africa's President Nelson Mandela arrives in Tripoli for meetings with Libya's President Muammar al-Qaddafi.
1997 - October 25 : In the Republic of the Congo, Denis Sassou-Nguesso is sworn in as president. Earlier in the month, he declared victory in a four-month-old civil war against President Pascal Lissouba.
1997 - October 25 : Black women from across the United States meet in Philadelphia for the "Million Woman March," a rally to promote unity among women of African descent.
1997 - October 26 : The Florida Marlins defeat the Cleveland Indians, four games to three, to win baseball's World Series.
1997 - October 27 : The Dow Jones industrial average of blue-chip stocks falls 554.26 points--7.180.000000rom the close the previous day.
1997 - October 27 : Iraq orders all U.S. members of the UN arms-inspection team to leave the country within seven days.
1997 - October 31 : Mary McAleese, a law professor from British-controlled Northern Ireland, is declared the winner of presidential balloting, held the previous day, in the Republic of Ireland.
1997 - November 3 : China's President Jiang Zemin concludes a weeklong visit to the United States, during which he met with President Clinton, congressional leaders, and business executives.
1997 - November 4 : In off-year U.S. elections, New Jersey Gov. Christine Todd Whitman (R) wins a second term by a close margin and James S. Gilmore 3d (R) is chosen governor of Virginia.
1997 - November 10 : President Clinton withdraws his proposal for "fast-track" authority to negotiate trade agreements, acknowledging pending defeat on the issue in the U.S. Congress.
1997 - November 10 : Massachusetts Superior Court Judge Hiller B. Zobel reduces the second-degree-murder conviction of Louise Woodward to manslaughter. On October 30 a jury had convicted Woodward, a 19-year-old British au pair, of murdering an 8-month-old boy for whom she had been caring.
1997 - November 12 : In Karachi, Pakistan, gunmen slay four U.S. businessmen and their Pakistani driver. The killings occur two days after a U.S. jury convicted Mir Amal Kansi, a Pakistani immigrant, of murdering two employees of the CIA in Virginia in 1993.
1997 - November 12 : A federal jury in New York City convicts Ahmed Yousef of masterminding the plan to blow up the World Trade Center in New York City in 1993. His codefendant Eyad Ismoil is convicted of driving an explosive-laden van into a parking lot beneath the building.
1997 - November 13 : The first session of the 105th U.S. Congress adjourns.
1997 - November 14 : In Washington, DC, President Clinton, Mexico's President Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Leon, and representatives of 26 other nations belonging to the Organization of American States (OAS) sign an agreement to combat trafficking in illegal weapons.
1997 - November 16 : Chinese dissident Wei Jingsheng, who had spent most of the previous 18 years in prison, is allowed to leave China and fly to the United States for medical treatment.
1997 - November 17 : Seventy persons are killed when gunmen open fire on tourists at a temple near Luxor, Egypt.
1997 - November 17 : A federally appointed election overseer bars Ronald Carey, president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, from participating in a new 1998 election. Carey's victory in a late-1996 election was annulled after it was discovered that some of his supporters had participated in illegal fund-raising.
1997 - November 19 : In Des Moines, IA, Bobbi McCaughey, 29, gives birth to septuplets--four boys and three girls.
1997 - November 20 : Iraq and Russia jointly announce that UN arms inspectors are free to return to Iraq. Most of the inspectors had left Iraq after the expulsion of their U.S. colleagues.
1997 - November 25 : The annual meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum concludes in Vancouver, BC. The economic turmoil currently sweeping Southeast Asia dominated discussions at the session.
1997 - November 30 : In Honduras, Carlos Roberto Flores Facusse of the ruling Liberal party is elected president.
1997 - December 2 : U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno announces that she will not appoint a special counsel to investigate the fund-raising telephone calls made by President Clinton and Vice-President Al Gore during the 1996 campaign.
1997 - December 3 : South Korea and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) agree to terms for a $57 billion financial bailout in response to that nation's severe economic crisis.
1997 - December 3 : The UN peacekeeping force that has been in Haiti since March 1995 begins to depart.
1997 - December 4 : India's President K. R. Narayanan dissolves Parliament and calls for new elections in February 1998 after the government of I. K. Gujral falls.
1997 - December 4 : David Stern, the commissioner of the National Basketball Association (NBA), suspends for one year Latrell Sprewell of the Golden State Warriors for assaulting his coach, P. J. Carlesimo, during a team practice.
1997 - December 8 : Jenny Shipley is sworn in as prime minister of New Zealand, succeeding Jim Bolger, who had been forced by colleagues in the National party to resign.
1997 - December 9 : Diplomats from North Korea, South Korea, China, and the United States gather in Geneva for the first session of talks aimed at ending the Korean War.
1997 - December 11 : In Kyoto, Japan, delegates to the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change adopt the first international treaty that establishes limits on nations' emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases.
1997 - December 11 : The remains of M. Larry Lawrence, former U.S. ambassador to Switzerland, are removed from Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia after disclosures that Lawrence had lied about having served in the military.
1997 - December 13 : During a two-day summit in Luxembourg, European Union (EU) leaders specifically exclude Turkey from joining.
1997 - December 13 : The United States and 101 other nations sign the Global Financial Services Agreement, eliminating additional barriers in the banking, insurance, and investment sectors.
1997 - December 15 : U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright concludes a seven-nation tour of Africa.
1997 - December 15 : The U.S. Defense Department announces that it will vaccinate all soldiers against anthrax bacteria--one of the mostly deadly biological agents--over the next six years.
1997 - December 16 : A panel commissioned by U.S. Secretary of Defense William Cohen recommends that male and female military recruits be separated during much of basic training.
1997 - December 18 : In South Korea veteran opposition leader Kim Dae Jung is elected president.
1997 - December 19 : In Guyana, Janet Jagan, widow of the late President Cheddi Jagan, is declared the winner of the nation's December 15 presidential balloting.
1997 - December 22 : President Clinton visits Bosnia--four days after announcing that U.S. troops would remain in Bosnia beyond the June 1998 deadline.
1997 - December 23 : In Denver, a federal jury convicts Terry L. Nichols of conspiracy and involuntary manslaughter for his role in the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, OK.
1997 - December 24 : The United States and Panama announce a tentative agreement under which U.S. troops would remain in Panama after the United States relinquishes control of the Panama Canal at the end of 1999.
1997 - December 29 : In Vietnam, Lt. Gen. La Kha Phieu is named secretary-general of the ruling Communist party.
1997 - December 29 : Kenyans go to the polls in presidential elections.
1997 - December 31 : Michael Kennedy, son of the late Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, dies following a skiing accident in Aspen, CO.
1998 - January 4 : In a runoff election in Lithuania, Valdas Adamkus, a 71-year-old Lithuanian-American, is elected president.
1998 - January 5 : U.S. Rep. Sonny Bono (R-CA), formerly of the Sonny and Cher entertainment duo, is killed in a skiing accident in South Lake Tahoe, CA.
1998 - January 5 : Kenya's President Daniel T. arap Moi takes office for a fifth five-year term after being declared the winner of December 1997 presidential elections.
1998 - January 9 : An ice storm rages across eastern Canada for the fifth consecutive day, causing some $1.4 billion in damage.
1998 - January 13 : For the second time in two months, Iraq prevents a U.S.-led team of United Nations inspectors from continuing their search for chemical- and biological-weapons depots in Iraq.
1998 - January 20 : The Czech parliament elects President Vaclav Havel to a second five-year term.
1998 - January 21 : U.S. President Bill Clinton denies allegations that he had a sexual relationship with Monica S. Lewinsky, a 21-year-old White House intern, and that she had been asked to lie under oath about the affair.
1998 - January 22 : President Clinton discusses the Israeli-Palestinian peace process with Yasir Arafat, president of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), at the White House. Israeli Prime MInister Benjamin Netanyahu and Clinton  held similar talks on January 20.
1998 - January 22 : Theodore J. Kaczynski, the alleged Unabomber, pleads guilty in U.S. federal court to charges linking him to several bombings that killed three persons and injured two others.
1998 - January 25 : Pope John Paul II concludes a historic, five-day visit to Cuba.
1998 - January 25 : The Denver Broncos win pro football's Super Bowl XXXII, defeating the Green Bay Packers, 31-24.
1998 - January 27 : President Clinton delivers the annual State of the Union address to a joint session of Congress.
1998 - January 30 : The U.S. Commerce Department reports that the U.S. economy grew at an inflation-adjusted rate of 3.8 6092n 1997.
1998 - January 30 : The U.S. State Department issues its annual report on the status of human rights worldwide.
1998 - February 1 : In Costa Rica, Miguel Angel Rodriguez, a 58-year-old economist and businessman, is elected president. He was the candidate of the Social Christian Unity party.
1998 - February 2 : President Clinton proposes a balanced budget for fiscal year 1999.
1998 - February 3 : Karla Faye Tucker, a convicted murderer who became a born-again Christian while in prison, is the first woman to be executed in Texas since 1863.
1998 - February 3 : A U.S. EA-6B Prowler surveillance jet accidentally severs a cable carrying ski-lift cable cars in the Dolomite Mountains in Italy. All 20 persons on board a cable car that plummeted to the ground in the accident are killed.
1998 - February 6 : President Clinton signs legislation renaming Washington National Airport the Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.
1998 - February 7 : Great Britain's Prime Minister Tony Blair concludes a four-day official visit to the United States.
1998 - February 9 : Georgia's President Eduard Shevardnadze survives an assassination attempt in the capital city of Tbilisi.
1998 - February 10 : The U.S. Senate confirms the nomination of Dr. David Satcher as Surgeon General. He has been serving as director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
1998 - February 11 : U.S. District Judge Thomas Coffin rules that Casey Martin, a 25-year-old golfer suffering from a rare circulatory disorder, may use a cart on PGA Tour events. Martin had filed suit against the PGA Tour, which prohibits the use of carts in its competitions, under the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
1998 - February 12 : The Cuban government announces that it will free at least 200 prisoners, including some political prisoners, on "humanitarian grounds."
1998 - February 12 : A U.S. federal judge in Washington, DC, declares the line-item veto unconstitutional.
1998 - February 13 : Nigerian-led peacekeepers--operating under the auspices of an alliance of West African nations known as ECOMOG--depose Sierra Leone's military government, which seized power in May 1997.
1998 - February 15 : In Cyprus, Greek Cypriot President Glafcos Clerides wins the second round of presidential elections and is returned for a second term.
1998 - February 16 : A China Airlines Airbus A-300 jet crashes near Taipei, Taiwan, killing all 196 passengers and crew members and seven persons on the ground.
1998 - February 19 : The U.S. Commerce Department reports that the U.S. deficit in trade in goods and services totaled $113.7 billion in 1997.
1998 - February 22 : Representatives of Iraq and the UN sign an accord affirming the right of UN arms inspectors to immediate and unconditional access to suspected Iraqi weapons sites. The agreement, negotiated by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan and Iraqi officials, averts an imminent U.S.-led military strike against Iraq.
1998 - February 22 : The XVIII Olympic Winter Games conclude in Nagano, Japan.
1998 - February 24 : The National Assembly of Laos appoints Premier Khamtay Siphandon to succeed Nouhak Phoumsavan as president. Vice-President Sisavat Keobounphan is named to the premiership.
1998 - February 24 : Cuba's National Assembly reelects Fidel Castro to another five-year term as president of the ruling Council of State. His brother, Defense Minister Rafael Castro, is reelected first vice-president.
1998 - February 25 : Kim Dae Jung is inaugurated as president of South Korea. The leader of the National Congress for New Politics party and former dissident had been elected in December 1997.
1998 - March 4 : The U.S. Supreme Court rules that federal law protects employees from being sexually harassed in the workplace by members of the same sex.
1998 - March 4 : Israel's parliament elects Ezer Weizman to a second five-year term as the nation's president.
1998 - March 4 : Arbitrator John D. Feerick rules that the Golden State Warriors professional basketball team must reinstate the multimillion-dollar contract of Latrell Sprewell and that the NBA must shorten the one-year suspension he received for choking and punching his coach, P. J. Carlesimo, in December 1997.
1998 - March 5 : Officials in Pakistan report that at least 300 people have lost their lives in flash floods in the southwestern part of the nation.
1998 - March 6 : An accountant at the Connecticut Lottery headquarters kills four supervisors and then himself in Newington, CT.
1998 - March 8 : James B. McDougal, a former partner of Bill and HIllary Rodham Clinton in the Whitewater Development Corporation, dies in Fort Worth, TX. He had been serving a three-year prison sentence following his 1996 conviction for fraud and conspiracy.
1998 - March 10 : Delegates to Indonesia's People's Consultative Assembly elect President Suharto to a seventh term.
1998 - March 11 : Gen. Augusto Pinochet, who stepped down as commander in chief of Chile's armed forces on March 10, takes office as a member of Chile's Senate. Pinochet had ruled Chile as a dictator (1973-90).
1998 - March 11 : President Clinton confers with UN Secretary-General Annan. U.S. policy toward Iraq, the U.S. financial debt to the United Nations, the Middle East peace process, and aid to Africa are reported to be topics of discussion.
1998 - March 11 : Parliamentary elections are held in Denmark.
1998 - March 12 : The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issues a report stating that cancer rates for men and women of every race, except black men, declined from 1990 to 1995.
1998 - March 12 : South Korea's President Kim Dae Jung grants amnesty to some 5.5 million Koreans, including scores of political prisoners.
1998 - March 15 : Noted pediatrician and baby-care specialist Dr. Benjamin Spock dies in San Diego, CA, at the age of 94.
1998 - March 16 : President Clinton denies that he made an unwanted sexual overture toward Kathleen E. Willey on Nov. 29, 1993. On March 15, Willey--a former White House aide and Democratic party fund-raiser--vividly described such an encounter in an interview for the CBS  television program "60 Minutes."
1998 - March 16 : A U.S. military jury imposes a sentence of a reprimand and demotion to master sergeant on Sgt. Maj. Gene C. McKinney following his conviction on March 13 on one count of obstructing justice. The former top enlisted member in the U.S. Army was found not guilty of 18 counts of sexual misconduct and obstruction of justice.
1998 - March 16 : The Vatican issues "We Remember: A Reflection on the Shoah," a document described as an "act of repentance" for the failure of Roman Catholics to save European Jews from the Nazis.
1998 - March 18 : U.S. Vice-President Al Gore unveils a 92-page report outlining proposed reforms of the Internal Revenue Service.
1998 - March 19 : In India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, leader of the Bharatiya Janata party or the Indian People's party, takes office as prime minister. Vajpayee's nationalist party had become the largest  party in Parliament following federal elections in February and early March, and had formed a coalition with 20 regional parties.
1998 - March 19 : Zhu Rongji, who formally had been named premier of China on March 17, outlines a program of sweeping social reform.
1998 - March 21 : Pope John Paul II arrives in Abuja, Nigeria.
1998 - March 22 : The oil ministers of Saudi Arabia, Mexico, and Venezuela announce that their nations will reduce their oil production in an effort to stop the long decline in world oil prices.
1998 - March 23 : Beginning a 12-day, six-nation tour of Africa, President Clinton is greeted by a crowd estimated at 500,000 people in Accra, Ghana.
1998 - March 23 : At the annual Academy Awards, the motion picture Titanic wins 11 Oscars, including one for best picture.
1998 - March 23 : Bertelsmann, a German media conglomerate, announces that it will purchase the U.S. book-publishing company Random House.
1998 - March 24 : Two boys as a school in Jonesboro, AR, open fire with rifles on their classmates and teachers, killing four girls and a teacher and injuring 11 other persons.
1998 - March 27 : After suddenly dismissing several cabinet members, including Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin, on March 23, Russia's President Boris Yeltsin names Sergei Kiriyenko, a 35-year-old banker from Nizhny Novgorod, as premier.
1998 - March 27 : The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves the first pill for male impotence. The prescription drug, sildenafil citrate or Viagra, is manufactured by Pfizer.
1998 - March 30 : In the NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game, the University of Kentucky defeats the University of Utah, 78-69. On March 29 the University of Tennessee won the NCAA Division I women's title with a 93-75 victory over Louisiana Tech.
1998 - March 31 : The UN Security Council votes in favor of  an arms embargo on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The resolution is intended to encourage Yugoslavia to give more autonomy to ethnic Albanians in Kosovo.
1998 - April 1 : Judge Susan Webber Wright of the U.S. District Court in Little Rock, AR, dismisses the sexual-misconduct lawsuit of Paula Corbin Jones against President Clinton. The judge rules that "there are no genuine issues for trial in this case."
1998 - April 1 : In Armenia, Prime Minister Robert Kocharyan is declared the winner of the runoff presidential election held on March 30.
1998 - April 3 : President Clinton warns Japan that it must change its economic strategy if it hopes to pull its economy out of a long-term decline.
1998 - April 4 : UN arms inspectors leave Iraq after completing the first round of inspecting the various presidential palaces; no evidence is found that President Saddam Hussein is manufacturing chemical or biological weapons in the palaces.
1998 - April 6 : The merger of Citicorp, the second-largest U.S. bank, and Travelers Group--an insurance, brokerage, and investment-banking company--is announced. The announcement of the merger propels the Dow Jones industrial average to close above 9,000 for the first time.
1998 - April 6 : A new study reveals that the drug tamoxifen may prevent breast cancer among women who are at high risk for the disease. Health officials warn, however, that the drug carries the risk of dangerous side effects.
1998 - April 6 : In India, Sonia Gandhi, the Italian-born widow of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, formally assumes the leadership of the Congress party.
1998 - April 6 : Country-music singer Tammy Wynette, 55, dies at her home in Nashville, TN.
1998 - April 8 : The major U.S. cigarette manufacturers announce that they will cease working for comprehensive legislation to regulate tobacco. The manufacturers are dissatisfied with some of the provisions of legislation currently under consideration in Congress.
1998 - April 9 : During the evening of April 8 and the early hours of April 9, devastating tornadoes rip through areas near Birmingham, AL, killing 33 persons. The storms also are responsible for seven deaths in Mississippi and Georgia.
1998 - April 9 : Japan's Prime Minister Hashimoto Ryutaro proposes a $75 billion plan to stimulate the nation's economy.
1998 - April 9 : In Mecca, Saudi Arabia, more than 100 Muslim pilgrims are killed in a stampede during the last day of hajj.
1998 - April 10 : Following nearly two years of negotiations, a settlement is reached in the Northern Ireland peace talks. Representatives of eight political parties agree to a revamping of the political structure of Northern Ireland. The pact now will be submitted to the residents of the Republic of Ireland and of Northern Ireland in referendums.
1998 - April 11 : For the first time in nearly four years, representatives of North Korea and South Korea hold face-to-face talks. Two negotiating teams of five members each meet for two hours in Beijing, China.
1998 - April 12 : Mark O'Meara wins the 62d Masters Golf Tournament, defeating Fred Couples and David Duval by one stroke.
1998 - April 13 : Two major mergers in the U.S. banking system are announced. NationsBank and BankAmerica plan to merge to establish a coast-to-coast banking giant and Bank One will join with First Chicago NBD to become a major financial force in the Midwest.
1998 - April 14 : Angel Francisco Breard, a 32-year-old Paraguayan, is executed in Virginia after being convicted of murder. The International Court of Justice had urged that the execution not be carried out since the arresting officers in the case had failed to advise Breard that he could confer with Paraguayan consular officials--a violation of the Vienna Convention.
1998 - April 14 : Franklin Raines announces his resignation as director of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB). President Clinton names OMB Deputy Director Jack Lew as Raines's successor.
1998 - April 16 : It is reported in Thailand that Pol Pot, the leader of the Khmer Rouge guerrilla movement in Cambodia, died of a heart attack on April 15. Pol Pot was responsible for the deaths of more than 1 million Cambodians in the 1970s.
1998 - April 16 : Tornadoes strike areas of Tennessee, including downtown Nashville, and Arkansas. Five persons are killed by the storms.
1998 - April 19 : At the conclusion of the second Summit of the Americas, leaders of 34 nations sign a declaration pledging to make "concrete progress" toward establishing the world's largest free-trade zone by 2005.
1998 - April 19 : Chinese dissident Wang Dan, a leader of the 1989 Tiananmen democracy movement, arrives in the United States after being released from prison in China.
1998 - April 21 : The United Nations Human Rights Commission rejects a U.S.-sponsored resolution calling on Cuba to "promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms" and to "release numerous persons detained for activities of a political nature."
1998 - April 23 : James Earl Ray, 70, who pleaded guilty to killing Martin Luther King, Jr., and later rescinded the confession, dies in Nashville, TN, after a long illness.
1998 - April 24 : In Rwanda, 22 persons are executed publicly after being convicted of various roles in the 1994 genocide in that country.
1998 - April 24 : Russia's lower house of parliament approves President Yeltsin's nomination of Sergei Kiriyenko as prime minister.
1998 - April 24 : In Somalia, eight aid workers and two pilots who have been held hostage since April 15 are released.
1998 - April 25 : In parliamentary elections in Nigeria, voter turnout is considered dismal as the opposition calls for a boycott of the balloting.
1998 - April 27 : The United Nations Security Council decides to maintain sanctions against Iraq.
1998 - April 27 : Canada's Prime Minister Jean Chretien confers with Cuba's President Fidel Castro in Havana.
1998 - April 29 : Ceremonies begin in Israel marking the nation's 50th anniversary.
1998 - April 29 : The United States and five of its allies impose economic sanctions on Yugoslavia in an effort to encourage the federal republic to hold peace negotiations with Albanian separatists in the province of Kosovo.
1998 - April 30 : The U.S. Senate votes to approve adding the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland as members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Enlargement of NATO requires the approval of all existing members of the organization.
1998 - April 30 : Webster L. Hubbell, a friend of President Clinton and former law partner of Hillary Rodham Clinton, is indicted on charges that include conspiracy, tax evasion, and mail fraud. Hubbell's wife, Suzanna, also is indicted in the case. Hubbell had spent nearly 17 months in prison after pleading guilty to tax evasion in 1994.
animal husbandry
dog
Paleolithic Period
prehistoric humans
agriculture, history of
grain
Middle East, history of the (I)
Paleolithic Period
prehistoric humans
technology, history of
Paleolithic Period
prehistoric humans
South America
city
Jericho
Middle East, history of the (I)
Neolithic Period
prehistoric humans
Anatolia, ancient
metallurgy
Middle East, history of the (I)
Paleolithic Period
prehistoric humans
technology, history of
agriculture, history of
Fertile Crescent
Middle East, history of the (I)
Neolithic Period
prehistoric humans
animal husbandry
Middle East, history of the (I)
Neolithic Period
prehistoric humans
sheep
Folsom
North American archaeology
prehistoric humans
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Japanese art and architecture
prehistoric humans
Anatolia, ancient
Catal Huyuk
Middle East, history of the (I)
Neolithic Period
prehistoric humans
Turkey (country)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Neolithic Period
pottery and porcelain
prehistoric humans
technology, history of
terra-cotta
glaciers and glaciation
ice ages
North America
agriculture, history of
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
prehistoric humans
agriculture, history of
Egypt, ancient
irrigation
Middle East, history of the (I)
balance (measurement)
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
technology, history of
weights and measures
Denmark
Ertebolle culture
European prehistory
Mesolithic Period
civilization
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Sumer
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Chinese archaeology
prehistoric humans
Eridu
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Sumer
ziggurat
Danube River
Danubian culture
European prehistory
Neolithic Period
animal husbandry
Sumer
transportation
wagon
agriculture, history of
animal husbandry
cattle and cattle raising
Brittany (region)
European prehistory
megalith
stone alignments
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
technology, history of
wheel
agriculture, history of
ox
plow
Bronze Age
copper
Iran
metallurgy
Middle East, history of the (I)
technology, history of
Tepe Yahya
bread
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Egypt, ancient
Memphis (Egypt)
Menes, King of Egypt
Middle East, history of the (I)
Aegean civilization
candle
Egypt, ancient
lighting devices
technology, history of
wax
Egypt, ancient
hieroglyphics
writing systems, evolution of
bronze
Bronze Age
metallurgy
Middle East, history of the (I)
technology, history of
chariot
chariot racing
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
technology, history of
cuneiform
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Sumer
writing systems, evolution of
galley
galley warfare
Greece, ancient
Mediterranean Sea
Phoenicia
ship
technology, history of
Beaker culture
Bronze Age
European prehistory
Alaska
Cape Denbigh
Eskimo
North American archaeology
Aegean civilization
Bronze Age
Crete
Knossos
Minoan art
Byblos
Middle East, history of the (I)
Phoenicia
Phoenician art
Middle East, history of the (I)
Troy (archaeological site)
Turkey (country)
lyre
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
musical instruments
stringed instruments
Sumer
Athena
Athens (Greece)
city
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
archaeoastronomy
European prehistory
Great Britain, history of
megalith
stone alignments
Stonehenge
Wessex culture
Lagash
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Sumer
Asia, history of (I)
India, history of
Indian art and architecture
Indus
Indus civilization
calendar
Egypt, ancient
animal husbandry
elephant
India, history of
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
pyramids (in architecture)
Saqqara
Seven Wonders of the World
agriculture, history of
corn
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Sumer
Egypt, ancient
Giza
Khufu, King of Egypt
Middle East, history of the (I)
pyramids (in architecture)
Seven Wonders of the World
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
papyrus
technology, history of
writing systems, evolution of
Asia, history of (I)
Korea, history of
Korean art
Anatolia, ancient
Hittites
Middle East, history of the (I)
base (mathematics)
mathematics
mathematics, history of
Sumer
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Beaker culture
Carnac
European prehistory
France, history of
megalith
stone alignments
Akkad
Gilgamesh, Epic of
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Sargon, King of Akkad
Avebury
Beaker culture
European prehistory
Great Britain, history of
megalith
stone alignments
Celtic art
Celtic languages
Celts
European prehistory
Amenemhet I, King of Egypt
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Thebes (Egypt)
Aegean civilization
Crete
Minoan art
writing systems, evolution of
Assyria
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Anatolia, ancient
Hittites
iron
Iron Age
Middle East, history of the (I)
smelting
technology, history of
earthquake
Lot
Middle East, history of the (I)
Sodom and Gomorrah
bronze
Bronze Age
European prehistory
metallurgy
technology, history of
Anatolia, ancient
Assyria
Hittites
Middle East, history of the (I)
Bronze Age
European prehistory
Great Britain, history of
Wessex culture
Babylon
Babylonia
Hammurabi, Code of
Hammurabi, King of Babylonia
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Chinese archaeology
Chinese art and architecture
Huang He (Hwang Ho)
Shang (dynasty)
Bogazkoy
Hittites
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Asia, history of (I)
India, history of
Indian art and architecture
Indus
Indus civilization
Aegean civilization
Crete
Knossos
Minoan art
Phaistos
Abraham
Judaism
religion
Egypt, ancient
Hyksos
Middle East, history of the (I)
algebra
Egypt, ancient
mathematics, history of
Middle East, history of the (I)
papyrus
Abraham
Jacob
Judaism
religion
armor
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
hoplite
infantry
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Chinese archaeology
divination
oracle bones
Shang (dynasty)
Egypt, ancient
medicine, history of
Middle East, history of the (I)
papyrus
Aegean civilization
Agamemnon
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Mycenae
clepsydra
clocks and watches
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
technology, history of
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
pharaoh
Egypt, ancient
Karnak
Luxor
Middle East, history of the (I)
temple
Ahmose I, King of Egypt
Egypt, ancient
Hyksos
Middle East, history of the (I)
Assyria
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Mitanni
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
pharaoh
Thutmose I, King of Egypt
Valley of the Kings
Egypt, ancient
Hatshepsut, Queen of Egypt
Middle East, history of the (I)
pharaoh
Egypt, ancient
glass
glassware, decorative
Middle East, history of the (I)
technology, history of
Aegean civilization
Europe, history of (I)
Minoan art
Thera
volcano
clocks and watches
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
sundial
technology, history of
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Mitanni
Africa, history of (I)
Phoenicia
Phoenician art
Tangier
Asia, history of (I)
Hinduism
India, history of
Indian literature
Vedas
Aegean civilization
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Mycenae
Aegean civilization
Crete
Greece, ancient
Knossos
Minoan art
Anyang
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Shang (dynasty)
Aegean civilization
Linear B
writing systems, evolution of
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Ravenna
Akhenaten
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Nefertiti
Middle East, history of the (I)
Philistines
Sea Peoples
Ugarit
Assyria
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Mitanni
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
pharaoh
Tutankhamen, King of Egypt
Hittites
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Mitanni
Abu Simbel
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
pharaoh
Ramses II, King of Egypt
Middle East, history of the (I)
Phoenicia
Sidon
Anatolia, ancient
Egypt, ancient
Hittites
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ramses II, King of Egypt
Elam
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Susa
Assyria
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Nimrud
Bible
Canaan
Egypt, ancient
Exodus, Book of
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Moses
Andean civilization
Chavin de Huantar
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Peru
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
Olmec
pre-Columbian art and architecture
San Lorenzo
Hittites
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Philistines
Sea Peoples
Hittites
iron
Iron Age
metallurgy
Middle East, history of the (I)
smelting
technology, history of
Achilles
Agamemnon
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Hector
Helen of Troy
Homer
Menelaus
Paris (mythology)
Priam
Trojan War
Troy (archaeological site)
Babylon
Babylonia
Elam
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Cadiz
Europe, history of (I)
Phoenicia
Spain, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Mycenae
China, history of
Chinese music
harmonica
musical instruments
sheng
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Shang (dynasty)
Zhou (Chou) (dynasty)
Israel, Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Saul, King of Israel
David, King of Israel
Israel, Kingdom of
Jerusalem
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Philistines
David, King of Israel
Israel, Kingdom of
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Philistines
Saul, King of Israel
Dorians
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Rhodes
Hebrew language
writing systems, evolution of
Bible
religion
biblical archaeology
calendar
Gezer
Hebrew language
Israel, Kingdom of
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Indians of North America, art of the
Indians, American (I)
Mound Builders
North American archaeology
David, King of Israel
Israel, Kingdom of
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Solomon, King of Israel
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Sheshonk I, King of Egypt
Israel, Kingdom of
Jeroboam I, King of Israel
Jews
Judah, Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Israel, Kingdom of
Jews
Judah, Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Solomon, King of Israel
Andean civilization
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Paracas
Peru
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Celtic art
Celtic languages
Celts
European prehistory
Gaul
Indians, American (I)
La Venta
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
Olmec
pre-Columbian art and architecture
San Lorenzo
Asia, history of (I)
Canton (China):
China, history of
Ashurnasirpal II, King of Assyria
Assyria
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Nimrud
Ahab, King of Israel
Israel, Kingdom of
Jews
Jezebel
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Phoenicia
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Tuscany
Villanovans
Ahab, King of Israel
Israel, Kingdom of
Jehu, King of Israel
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Africa, history of (I)
Carthage
Phoenicia
Phoenician art
Tunisia
Corinth
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Greek architecture
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Olympic Games
sports, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Romulus and Remus
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Greek literature, ancient
Homer
Iliad
Odyssey
Etruscans
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Cumae
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Italy, history of
Assyria
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Tiglath-Pileser III, King of Assyria
Ahaz, King of Judah
Jews
Judah, Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Corfu
Corinth
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Assyria
Damascus
Israel, Kingdom of
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Tiglath-Pileser III, King of Assyria
Assyria
Babylon
Babylonia
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Tiglath-Pileser III, King of Assyria
Asia, history of (I)
Beijing (Peking)
China, history of
Assyria
Israel, Kingdom of
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Assyria
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Sargon II, King of Assyria
Cush
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Nubia
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Messenia
Sparta
Tyrtaeus
Assyria
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Nineveh
Sennacherib, King of Assyria
Europe, history of (I)
galley
galley warfare
naval vessels
copper
European prehistory
Hallstatt
iron
Iron Age
Anatolia, ancient
Lydia
Middle East, history of the (I)
money
Asia, history of (I)
saddle
Scythians
aqueduct
Assyria
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Nineveh
technology, history of
Assyria
Babylon
Babylonia
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
boxing
Greece, ancient
Olympic Games
sports, history of
Assyria
Esarhaddon, King of Assyria
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Sennacherib, King of Assyria
Assyria
Egypt, ancient
Esarhaddon, King of Assyria
Memphis (Egypt)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Psamtik I, King of Egypt
Ashurbanipal, King of Assyria
Assyria
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Assyria
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Thebes (Egypt)
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Japanese art and architecture
Byzantium
Europe, history of (I)
Istanbul
Turkey (country)
Ashurbanipal, King of Assyria
Assyria
Elam
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Susa
Jews
Josiah, King of Judah
Judah, Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Cimmerians
Europe, history of (I)
Russia, history of
Scythians
Cyaxares, King of Media
Media
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Corinth
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Periander, Tyrant of Corinth
Greece, ancient
horse racing
Olympic Games
sports, history of
Etruscans
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Tarquinius Priscus, Etruscan King of Rome
Assyria
Babylonia
Cyaxares, King of Media
Media
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Nebuchadnezzar II, King of Babylonia
Nineveh
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Necho II, King of Egypt
pharaoh
Psamtik I, King of Egypt
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Greek architecture
Olympia (Greece)
temple
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Italy, history of
Paestum
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Greece, ancient
Marseille
Mediterranean Sea
Iran
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Zoroastrianism
Greece, ancient
poetry
Sappho
Jews
Judah, Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Zedekiah, King of Judah
Athens (Greece)
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Solon
Babylonia
Chaldea
Jerusalem
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Nebuchadnezzar II, King of Babylonia
Palestine
Babylonia
Jews
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Nebuchadnezzar II, King of Babylonia
eclipse
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Milesian school
philosophy
pre-Socratic philosophy
Thales of Miletus
Ahmose II, King of Egypt
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Cleitias
Greece, ancient
Greek art
pottery and porcelain
Athens (Greece)
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Peisistratus
Anatolia, ancient
Croesus, King of Lydia
Lydia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Achaemenids
Cyrus the Great, King of Persia
Media
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Persian art and architecture
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Daode Jing (Tao Te Ching)
Laozi (Lao-tzu)
philosophy
Taoism:
comedy
drama
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
theater, history of the
Thespis
tragedy
Achaemenids
Croesus, King of Lydia
Cyrus the Great, King of Persia
Lydia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Persian Wars
Sardis
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
philosophy
Thales of Miletus
Asia, history of (I)
Colombo
Sri Lanka
Achaemenids
Babylon
Cyrus the Great, King of Persia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Achaemenids
Babylonia
Cyrus the Great, King of Persia
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Athens (Greece)
drama
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
theater, history of the
Thespis
tragedy
Achaemenids
Cambyses II, King of Persia
Cyrus the Great, King of Persia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Achaemenids
Cambyses II, King of Persia
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Epictetus (painter)
Greece, ancient
Greek art
pottery and porcelain
Achaemenids
Darius I, King of Persia (Darius the Great)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persepolis
Persia, ancient
Persian art and architecture
Achaemenids
Byzantium
Darius I, King of Persia (Darius the Great)
Istanbul
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Athens (Greece)
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Sparta
Etruscans
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Tarquinius Superbus, Etruscan King of Rome
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
republic
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Athens (Greece)
Cleisthenes
democracy
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Etruscans
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Lars Porsena, King of Clusium
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Indians of North America, art of the
Indians, American (I)
Mound Builders
North American archaeology
Ohio River
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
Monte Alban
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Zapotec
Asia, history of (I)
Pazyryk
rugs and carpets
Russia, history of
Siberia
Argos
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Sparta
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Latins
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
Gelon, Tyrant of Gela
Italy, history of
Sicily
Darius I, King of Persia (Darius the Great)
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
History of the Persian Wars, The
Marathon, Battle of
Persia, ancient
Persian Wars
Ephesus
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Heraclitus
logos
philosophy
pre-Socratic philosophy
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
mathematics, history of
philosophy
pre-Socratic philosophy
Pythagoras of Samos
Pythagoras, theorem of
Pythagoreans
Asia, history of (I)
Buddha
Buddhism
India, history of
Europe, history of (I)
galley
galley warfare
Greece, ancient
History of the Persian Wars, The
Persia, ancient
Persian Wars
Salamis (island, Greece)
Themistocles
Xerxes I, King of Persia
Athens (Greece)
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
History of the Persian Wars, The
Leonidas, King of Sparta
Persia, ancient
Persian Wars
Thermopylae
Xerxes I, King of Persia
China, history of
Confucianism
Confucius
philosophy
Aristides
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
History of the Persian Wars, The
Pausanias (Spartan general)
Persia, ancient
Persian Wars
Plataea
Aristides
Athens (Greece)
Delian League
Delos
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Aeschylus
drama
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Greek literature, ancient
theater, history of the
tragedy
Achaemenids
Artaxerxes I, King of Persia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Xerxes I, King of Persia
Athens (Greece)
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Pericles (Greek political leader)
Celtic art
Celts
European prehistory
Iron Age
La Tene
India, history of
Jainism
religion
Acropolis
Athena
Athens (Greece)
Callicrates
Greece, ancient
Greek architecture
Ictinus
Pericles (Greek political leader)
Phidias
temple
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
patricians
plebeians
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Alcibiades
Athens (Greece)
Cleon
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
History of the Peloponnesian War
Lysander
Peloponnesian War
Pericles (Greek political leader)
Sparta
Thucydides
Greece, ancient
Greek literature, ancient
Herodotus
history
History of the Persian Wars, The
Persian Wars
drama
Greece, ancient
Greek literature, ancient
Oedipus Rex
Sophocles
theater, history of the
tragedy
drama
Euripides
Greece, ancient
Greek literature, ancient
theater, history of the
tragedy
Trojan Women, The
Aristophanes
comedy
drama
Greece, ancient
Greek literature, ancient
Lysistrata
theater, history of the
Greece, ancient
Greek literature, ancient
history
History of the Peloponnesian War
Peloponnesian War
Thucydides
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Greek literature, ancient
history
Xenophon
Athens (Greece)
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Lysander
Peloponnesian War
Sparta
Acropolis
Greece, ancient
Greek architecture
Athens (Greece)
Greece, ancient
History of the Peloponnesian War
Peloponnesian War
Sparta
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Athens (Greece)
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Lysander
Peloponnesian War
Sparta
China, history of
Chinese literature
history
Sima Guang (Ssu-ma Kuang)
Artaxerxes II, King of Persia
Clearchus
Cyrus the Younger
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
European prehistory
fortification
Great Britain, history of
Maiden Castle
atomism
Democritus
Greece, ancient
philosophy
pre-Socratic philosophy
Greece, ancient
Hippocrates
Hippocratic oath
medicine, history of
Apology
Athens (Greece)
Crito
Greece, ancient
Greek literature, ancient
philosophy
Plato
Socrates
Agesilaus II, King of Sparta
Anatolia, ancient
Greece, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Sparta
Tissaphernes, Persian Satrap
Etruscans
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Veii
Brennus
Europe, history of (I)
Gaul
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
academy
Athens (Greece)
Dialogues of Plato
Greece, ancient
Greek literature, ancient
philosophy
Plato
Athens (Greece)
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Sparta
Thebes (Greece)
Agesilaus II, King of Sparta
Epaminondas
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Pelopidas
Sparta
Thebes (Greece)
Greece, ancient
Greek literature, ancient
philosophy
Plato
Republic, The
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Philip II, King of Macedonia
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Greek literature, ancient
history
Xenophon
Dionysus
Greece, ancient
Greek art
Hermes
Praxiteles
sculpture
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
bronzes
Farnese Heracles
Greece, ancient
Greek art
Lysippus
sculpture
Athens (Greece)
cavalry
Chaeronea
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Philip II, King of Macedonia
strategy and tactics, military
Thebes (Greece)
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Latins
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia
Bucephalus
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Philip II, King of Macedonia
Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia
Egypt, ancient
Greece, ancient
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Phoenicia
Syria
Achaemenids
Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia
cavalry
Darius III Codomannus, King of Persia
Greece, ancient
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia
Alexandria (Egypt)
Egypt, ancient
Greece, ancient
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia
Darius III Codomannus, King of Persia
Greece, ancient
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia
Asia, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
India, history of
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia
Babylon
Diadochi
Greece, ancient
Hellenistic Age
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia
Diadochi
Egypt, ancient
Hellenistic Age
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Ptolemy I, King of Egypt (Ptolemy Soter)
Asia, history of (I)
Chandragupta Maurya, Emperor of India
India, history of
Maurya
Aristotle
Greece, ancient
Greek art
Hellenistic Age
portraiture
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
roads and highways
Roman roads
Rome, ancient
Diadochi
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Hellenistic Age
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Seleucus I Nicator, Macedonian King
Euclid
Euclidean geometry
geometry
Greece, ancient
Hellenistic Age
mathematics, history of
Eskimo
Indians of North America, art of the
North American archaeology
Okvik
Europe, history of (I)
Russia, history of
Sarmatians
Scythians
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Samnites
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Sabines
Epirus
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Pyrrhus, King of Epirus
Rome, ancient
Alexandria (Egypt)
Egypt, ancient
lighthouse
Seven Wonders of the World
Europe, history of (I)
Gaul
Greece, ancient
Thermopylae
Anatolia, ancient
Galatia
Gaul
Middle East, history of the (I)
Caere
Etruscans
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Carthage
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Punic Wars
Rome, ancient
Sicily
gladiators
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Africa, history of (I)
Carthage
Europe, history of (I)
Punic Wars
Regulus, Marcus Atilius
Rome, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
Asoka, Emperor of India
Buddhism
India, history of
Maurya
Bible
Greek language
Hebrew language
translation (language)
Carthage
Europe, history of (I)
Hamilcar Barca
Italy, history of
Punic Wars
Rome, ancient
Sicily
Egypt, ancient
Hellenistic Age
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ptolemy II, King of Egypt (Ptolemy Philadelphus)
Ptolemy III, King of Egypt (Ptolemy Euergetes)
Africa, history of (I)
Carthage
Europe, history of (I)
Punic Wars
Rome, ancient
Earth, size and shape of
Eratosthenes of Cyrene
geography
Greece, ancient
Hellenistic Age
Italy, history of
Latin language
Latin literature
Livius Andronicus
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
astronomy, history of
comet
Halley's comet
Carthage
Corsica
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Punic Wars
Rome, ancient
Sardinia
Carthage
Europe, history of (I)
Hannibal (Carthaginian general)
Hasdrubal
Punic Wars
Spain, history of
bronzes
Dying Gaul
Greece, ancient
Greek art
Hellenistic Age
Pergamum
sculpture
Andhra Pradesh
Asia, history of (I)
Buddhism
India, history of
Anatolia, ancient
Attalus I, King of Pergamum
Greece, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Pergamum
Seleucids (dynasty)
Achaea
Cleomenes III, King of Sparta
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Hellenistic Age
Sparta
Achaea
Antigonus III Doson, Macedonian king
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Hellenistic Age
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Sparta
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Qin (Ch'in)
Antigonus III Doson, Macedonian king
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Hellenistic Age
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Philip V, King of Macedonia
Carthage
Europe, history of (I)
Hannibal (Carthaginian general)
Punic Wars
Rome, ancient
Spain, history of
Alps
Carthage
cavalry
Europe, history of (I)
Hannibal (Carthaginian general)
Italy, history of
Punic Wars
Rome, ancient
Carthage
Europe, history of (I)
Punic Wars
Rome, ancient
Spain, history of
Cannae, Battle of
Carthage
cavalry
Europe, history of (I)
Hannibal (Carthaginian general)
Italy, history of
Punic Wars
Rome, ancient
strategy and tactics, military
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Chinese archaeology
Chinese art and architecture
fortification
Great Wall of China
Qin (Ch'in)
Archimedes
Archimedes' principle
Archimedes' screw
Hiero II, Tyrant of Syracuse
mathematics, history of
Rome, ancient
Sicily
Syracuse (Sicily)
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Chinese archaeology
Chinese art and architecture
Qin (Ch'in)
Carthage
Europe, history of (I)
Hannibal (Carthaginian general)
Punic Wars
Rome, ancient
Scipio Africanus Major
Spain, history of
Anatolia, ancient
Antiochus III, Seleucid King, Antiochus the Great
Armenia (historic region)
Bactria
Middle East, history of the (I)
Parthia
Seleucids (dynasty)
Africa, history of (I)
Carthage
Hannibal (Carthaginian general)
Punic Wars
Rome, ancient
Scipio Africanus Major
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Chinese art and architecture
Han (dynasty)
Qin (Ch'in)
Africa, history of (I)
Carthage
Hannibal (Carthaginian general)
Masinissa
Punic Wars
Rome, ancient
Scipio Africanus Major
Antiochus III, Seleucid King, Antiochus the Great
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Seleucids (dynasty)
Syria
Africa, history of (I)
Masinissa
Numidia
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Pergamum
Philip V, King of Macedonia
Rhodes
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Gaul
Paris (France)
cavalry
horse
horseshoe
Anatolia, ancient
book
Middle East, history of the (I)
parchment
Pergamum
comedy
drama
Latin literature
Plautus
Rome, ancient
tragicomedy
Asia, history of (I)
cavalry
China, history of
saddle
stirrup
Andean civilization
Latin America, history of
Nazca
Peru
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Jews
Judaism
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Pharisees
Sadducees
Europe, history of (I)
Flamininus, Titus Quinctius
Greece, ancient
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Philip V, King of Macedonia
Rome, ancient
Antiochus III, Seleucid King, Antiochus the Great
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Seleucids (dynasty)
Thrace
Antiochus III, Seleucid King, Antiochus the Great
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Rome, ancient
Seleucids (dynasty)
Thermopylae
Bacchanalia
Bacchus
mythology (I)
Rome, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
India, history of
Maurya
Cato, Marcus Porcius (Cato the Elder)
Europe, history of (I)
Latin literature
Rome, ancient
Africa, history of (I)
Carthage
Hannibal (Carthaginian general)
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Hellenistic Age
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Perseus, King of Macedonia
Philip V, King of Macedonia
Greece, ancient
Greek art
Hellenistic Age
Laocoon
sculpture
Athens (Greece)
Greece, ancient
Greek architecture
mythology (I)
temple
Zeus
Jews
Maccabees (family)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Seleucids (dynasty)
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Hellenistic Age
Macedonia, Kingdom of
Perseus, King of Macedonia
Rome, ancient
Hasideans
Jerusalem
Jews
Maccabees (family)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
temple
astronomical catalogs and atlases
astronomy, history of
Greece, ancient
Hellenistic Age
Hipparchus
Rhodes
star
Africa, history of (I)
Carthage
Masinissa
Numidia
Punic Wars
Rome, ancient
Africa, history of (I)
Carthage
Punic Wars
Rome, ancient
Scipio Africanus Minor
Achaea
Argos
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Rome, ancient
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ptolemy VIII, King of Egypt (Ptolemy Euergetes II)
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Han (dynasty)
Han Wudi (Han Wu Ti)
Jews
Maccabees (family)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Rome, ancient
Celts
Europe, history of (I)
Iberian Peninsula
Lusitania (Roman province)
Portugal, history of
Rome, ancient
Greece, ancient
Hellenistic Age
Middle East, history of the (I)
Seven Wonders of the World
Sidon
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Gaul
Nimes
Rome, ancient
Anatolia, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Mithradates VI, King of Pontus (Mithradates the Great)
Pontus
Annam
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Han (dynasty)
Vietnam
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Gaul
Rome, ancient
Toulouse
Africa, history of (I)
Jugurtha, King of Numidia
Numidia
Rome, ancient
Catulus, Quintus Lutatius
Europe, history of (I)
Germanic peoples
Germany, history of
Italy, history of
Marius, Gaius
Rome, ancient
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius
European prehistory
Scandinavia, history of
swamp, marsh, and bog
Tollund man
Dionysius Thrax
grammar
Greece, ancient
Hellenistic Age
linguistics
parts of speech
China, history of
puppet
shadow play
theater, history of the
Anasazi
cliff dwellers
Indians of North America, art of the
Indians, American (I)
North American archaeology
Asia, history of (I)
Gandhara
Pakistan
Scythians
Armenia (historic region)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Tigranes I, King of Armenia
Drusus (family)
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Samnites
citizenship
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Anatolia, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
Mithradates VI, King of Pontus (Mithradates the Great)
Pontus
Rome, ancient
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius
Cinna, Lucius Cornelius
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Marius, Gaius
Pompey the Great
Rome, ancient
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius
Cinna, Lucius Cornelius
Crassus, Marcus Licinius
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Pompey the Great
Rome, ancient
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius
Africa, history of (I)
Rome, ancient
Tangier
Etruscans
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius
Europe, history of (I)
gladiators
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
slavery
Spartacus
Crassus, Marcus Licinius
Europe, history of (I)
gladiators
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
slavery
Spartacus
Armenia (historic region)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Rome, ancient
Tigranes I, King of Armenia
Anatolia, ancient
Lucullus, Lucius Licinius
Middle East, history of the (I)
Mithradates VI, King of Pontus (Mithradates the Great)
Pompey the Great
Rome, ancient
Jerusalem
Maccabees (family)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Pompey the Great
Rome, ancient
Caesar, Gaius Julius
Crassus, Marcus Licinius
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Pompey the Great
Rome, ancient
triumvirate
Acta diurna
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
newspaper
Rome, ancient
Caesar, Gaius Julius
Celts
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Gallic Wars
Gaul
Rome, ancient
Cyprus
Europe, history of (I)
Rome, ancient
Belgium
Caesar, Gaius Julius
Celts
Europe, history of (I)
Gallic Wars
Gaul
Rome, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
Korea, history of
Korean art
Caesar, Gaius Julius
Celts
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
legion, Roman
Rome, ancient
Italy, history of
Pompey the Great
Rome, ancient
theater architecture and staging
theater, history of the
Caesar, Gaius Julius
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Gallic Wars
Gaul
Rome, ancient
Vercingetorix
Caesar, Gaius Julius
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Gallic Wars
Gaul
Rome, ancient
glass
glassblowing
glassware, decorative
Middle East, history of the (I)
Phoenicia
Phoenician art
De rerum natura
Epicureanism
Italy, history of
Latin literature
Lucretius
poetry
Rome, ancient
Caesar, Gaius Julius
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Pompey the Great
Rome, ancient
Rubicon River
Caesar, Gaius Julius
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Pompey the Great
Rome, ancient
Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ptolemy XIII, King of Egypt
Rome, ancient
Caesar, Gaius Julius
Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ptolemy XIII, King of Egypt
Rome, ancient
Caesar, Gaius Julius
Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ptolemy XIII, King of Egypt
Rome, ancient
Caesar, Gaius Julius
dictatorship
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Brutus, Marcus Junius
Caesar, Gaius Julius
Cassius Longinus, Gaius
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Antony, Mark
Augustus, Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Lepidus, Marcus Aemilius
Rome, ancient
triumvirate
Antony, Mark
Augustus, Roman Emperor
Brutus, Marcus Junius
Cassius Longinus, Gaius
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Philippi
Rome, ancient
Africa, history of (I)
Antony, Mark
Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt
Egypt, ancient
Rome, ancient
Herod (dynasty)
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Rome, ancient
Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius
Europe, history of (I)
galley
galley warfare
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Actium
Antony, Mark
Augustus, Roman Emperor
Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt
Europe, history of (I)
galley
galley warfare
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Antony, Mark
asp
Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Egypt, ancient
Middle East, history of the (I)
Rome, ancient
Aeneid
e pluribus unum
Italy, history of
Latin literature
Maecenas, Gaius
poetry
Rome, ancient
Vergil
Augustus, Roman Emperor
caesar
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Senate, Roman
Augustus, Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Praetorian guard
Rome, ancient
Horace
Italy, history of
Latin literature
Maecenas, Gaius
ode
poetry
Rome, ancient
dictionary
Italy, history of
Latin language
Latin literature
Rome, ancient
aqueduct
France, history of
Gaul
Nimes
Roman art and architecture
Rome, ancient
viaduct
Europe, history of (I)
Iberian Peninsula
Rome, ancient
Spain, history of
Asia, history of (I)
Korea, history of
Korean art
Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius
France, history of
Gaul
Maison Carree
Nimes
Roman art and architecture
Rome, ancient
temple
Europe, history of (I)
Germanic peoples
Germany, history of
Rome, ancient
Bethlehem (West Bank)
Christianity
Jesus Christ
Herod (dynasty)
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Rome, ancient
Augustus, Roman Emperor
Herod (dynasty)
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Rome, ancient
erotica
Italy, history of
Latin literature
Ovid
poetry
Rome, ancient
population
Augustus, Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Tiberius, Roman Emperor
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Rome, ancient
erotica
Italy, history of
Latin literature
Metamorphoses
Ovid
poetry
Rome, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Han (dynasty)
Wang Mang, Emperor of China
Arminius
Europe, history of (I)
Germanic peoples
Germany, history of
legion, Roman
Rome, ancient
Augustus, Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Tiberius, Roman Emperor
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Wang Mang, Emperor of China
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Han (dynasty)
baptism
Bible
Christianity
Jesus Christ
John the Baptist, Saint
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Bible
Christianity
Herod (dynasty)
John the Baptist, Saint
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Bible
Christianity
crucifixion
Jesus Christ
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Pilate, Pontius
Rome, ancient
apostle
Bible
Christianity
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Paul, Saint
Caligula, Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Tiberius, Roman Emperor
Celsus, Aulus Cornelius
encyclopedia
Rome, ancient
cathedrals and churches
Christianity
church
Corinth
Europe, history of (I)
Greece, ancient
Caligula, Roman Emperor
Claudius I, Roman emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
London (England)
Rome, ancient
apostle
Bible
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Middle East, history of the (I)
missions, Christian
Paul, Saint
Bible
Christianity
epistle
James, Epistle of
James, Saint (the "brother" of Jesus Christ)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Europe, history of (I)
Rome, ancient
Thrace
Europe, history of (I)
Gaul
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Senate, Roman
Cologne
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Rome, ancient
Africa, history of (I)
Aksum
Ethiopia
Colchester
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Rome, ancient
China, history of
rudder
ship
technology, history of
Claudius I, Roman emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Nero, Roman Emperor
Rome, ancient
apostle
Bible
Christianity
Corinth
Corinthians, Epistles to the
epistle
Greece, ancient
Paul, Saint
Boadicea
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Rome, ancient
Bible
Christianity
James, Saint (the "brother" of Jesus Christ)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
Pakistan
Taxila
Italy, history of
Latin literature
philosophy
Rome, ancient
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus
Stoicism
Bible
Christianity
Mark, Gospel According to
Mark, Saint
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Jews
Judaism
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Rome, ancient
Zealots
erotica
Italy, history of
Latin literature
Petronius Arbiter
Rome, ancient
satire
Satyricon
apostle
Bible
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Paul, Saint
Peter, Saint
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
Buddhism
China, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Nero, Roman Emperor
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Vespasian, Roman Emperor
Jerusalem
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Rome, ancient
Titus, Roman Emperor
Zealots
Herod (dynasty)
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Rome, ancient
Acts of the Apostles
Bible
Christianity
Luke, Saint
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Jews
Masada
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Rome, ancient
Zealots
history
Jews
Josephus, Flavius
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Rome, ancient
encyclopedia
Pliny the Elder
Rome, ancient
Agricola, Gnaeus Julius
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
Herculaneum
Italy, history of
Pompeii
Rome, ancient
Vesuvius
volcano
Bible
Christianity
Luke, Gospel According to
Luke, Saint
Matthew, Gospel According to
Matthew, Saint
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Colosseum
Italy, history of
Roman art and architecture
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
stadium
Italy, history of
Roman art and architecture
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Titus, Roman Emperor
triumphal arch
Domitian, Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Titus, Roman Emperor
Apostolic Fathers
Christianity
Clement I, Saint
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Anatolia, ancient
Christianity
Ephesus
Middle East, history of the (I)
Timothy, Epistles to
Timothy, Saint
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Trajan, Roman Emperor
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
Teotihuacan
erotica
India, history of
Indian literature
Kamasutra
China, history of
Chinese literature
dictionary
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
paper
technology, history of
Jordan
Middle East, history of the (I)
Petra
Rome, ancient
Trajan, Roman Emperor
column
Column of Trajan
Italy, history of
Roman art and architecture
Rome, ancient
sculpture
Trajan, Roman Emperor
Greece, ancient
Greek literature, ancient
Lucian
satire
science fiction
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
Hadrian's Villa
Hadrian, Roman Emperor
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Trajan, Roman Emperor
forum
Roman art and architecture
Italy, history of
Pantheon
Roman art and architecture
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
fortification
Great Britain, history of
Hadrian's Wall
Picts
Rome, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Laozi (Lao-tzu)
Taoism:
Athens (Greece)
Greece
Greek architecture
Zeus
Akiba ben Joseph
Bar Kochba
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Rome, ancient
Bar Kochba
Diaspora
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Rome, ancient
Antoninus Pius, Roman Emperor
Hadrian, Roman Emperor
Rome, ancient
Apuleius
Italy, history of
Latin literature
Rome, ancient
Almagest
astronomy, history of
geography
Greece, ancient
Ptolemy
science, history of
Asia, history of (I)
India, history of
Indian literature
Indo-Iranian languages
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
geography
Greece, ancient
Pausanias (geographer)
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
bronzes
Italy, history of
Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor
Roman art and architecture
Rome, ancient
sculpture
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Han (dynasty)
Alexandria (Egypt)
Galen
medicine, history of
Middle East, history of the (I)
surgery
abacus
adding machine
China, history of
Byzantium
Europe, history of (I)
Istanbul
Rome, ancient
Severus, Septimius, Roman Emperor
Africa, history of (I)
Carthage
Rome, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Jingo
bath
Caracalla, Baths of
Italy, history of
Roman art and architecture
Rome, ancient
Severus, Septimius, Roman Emperor
Caracalla, Roman emperor
citizenship
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Anatolia, ancient
Balkans
Europe, history of (I)
Goths
Middle East, history of the (I)
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Han (dynasty)
Ardashir I, King of Persia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Parthia
Persia, ancient
Sassanians
Alexandria (Egypt)
algebra
Diophantine equations
Diophantus
mathematics, history of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Seven Sleepers of Ephesus
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Maya
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Africa, history of (I)
Aksum
Ethiopia
Red Sea
Neoplatonism
philosophy
Plotinus
Porphyry (philosopher)
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
Franks
Rome, ancient
Spain, history of
Black Sea
Europe, history of (I)
Goths
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Rome, ancient
Sassanians
Shapur I, King of Persia
Valerian, Roman Emperor
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Athens (Greece)
Corinth
Europe, history of (I)
Goths
Greece, ancient
Sparta
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
compass, navigational
technology, history of
gnosticism
Manichaeism
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
alchemy
Diocletian, Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
Confucianism
Confucius
Japan, history of
Asia, history of (I)
Diocletian, Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Maximian, Roman Emperor
Rome, ancient
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Maurice, Saint
Maximian, Roman Emperor
Rome, ancient
Dalmatia
Diocletian's Palace
Diocletian, Baths of
Diocletian, Roman Emperor
Roman art and architecture
Rome, ancient
Yugoslavia
Armenia (historic region)
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Rome, ancient
Anthony, Saint
Christianity
Egypt
hermit
Middle East, history of the (I)
monasticism
Rome, ancient
Armenia (historic region)
Armenian church
Roman Catholic church
Asia, history of (I)
Diocletian, Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Maximian, Roman Emperor
Rome, ancient
Constantine I, Roman Emperor (Constantine the Great)
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Christianity
Constantine I, Roman Emperor (Constantine the Great)
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Milan
Rome, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Korea, history of
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Huns
Asia, history of (I)
Gupta (dynasty)
India, history of
Constantine I, Roman Emperor (Constantine the Great)
Edirne
Europe, history of (I)
Licinius, Roman Emperor
Rome, ancient
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Jesus Christ
Nicaea, councils of
cathedrals and churches
Christianity
Early Christian art and architecture
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Saint Peter's Basilica
Byzantine Empire
Byzantium
Europe, history of (I)
Istanbul
Rome, ancient
Christianity
Coptic church
Ethiopia
choral music
Italy, history of
music
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Africa, history of (I)
Aksum
Ethiopia
Meroe
Asia, history of (I)
Huns
India, history of
Persia, ancient
Armenia (historic region)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Rome, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Korea, history of
Europe, history of (I)
fortification
Great Britain, history of
Hadrian's Wall
Picts
Rome, ancient
Scotland
book
parchment
technology, history of
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Rome, ancient
Valens, Roman Emperor in the East
Valentinian I, Roman Emperor in the West
Europe, history of (I)
Huns
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Picts
Rome, ancient
Scotland
Theodosius I, Roman Emperor (Theodosius the Great)
Asia, history of (I)
Buddhism
Korea, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Huns
Russia, history of
Byzantine Empire
Edirne
Europe, history of (I)
Goths
Rome, ancient
Valens, Roman Emperor in the East
cathedrals and churches
Early Christian art and architecture
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Ravenna
Rome, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
Gupta (dynasty)
India, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Rome, ancient
Ambrose, Saint
church music
hymn
Italy, history of
music
Rome, ancient
Augustine, Saint
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Theodosius I, Roman Emperor (Theodosius the Great)
Alaric I, King of the Visigoths
Athens (Greece)
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Goths
Greece
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
papacy
Roman Catholic church
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
Goths
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
Gaul
Great Britain, history of
legion, Roman
Rome, ancient
Vandals
Asia, history of (I)
Avars
Mongolia
Mongols
Europe, history of (I)
Rome, ancient
Spain, history of
Vandals
Alaric I, King of the Visigoths
Europe, history of (I)
Goths
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Augustine, Saint
City of God, The
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Bible
Jerome, Saint
Latin language
translation (language)
Byzantine Empire
Byzantium
Europe, history of (I)
Istanbul
university
Europe, history of (I)
Goths
Rome, ancient
Vandals
Africa, history of (I)
Gaiseric, King of the Vandals
Vandals
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Ireland, history of
missions, Christian
Patrick, Saint
Asia, history of (I)
Attila the Hun
Huns
Africa, history of (I)
Carthage
Rome, ancient
Vandals
Anglo-Saxons
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Anasazi
Chaco Canyon
cliff dwellers
Indians, American (I)
North American archaeology
Aetius, Flavius
Attila the Hun
Europe, history of (I)
Gaul
Huns
Rome, ancient
Attila the Hun
Europe, history of (I)
Huns
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
Huns
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Venice
Asia, history of (I)
Gupta (dynasty)
Huns
India, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Gaiseric, King of the Vandals
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
Rome, ancient
Vandals
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Maya
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Attila the Hun
Europe, history of (I)
Huns
Rome, ancient
Europe, history of (I)
Goths
Theodoric the Great, King of the Ostrogoths
Europe, history of (I)
Germanic peoples
Italy, history of
Odoacer
Rome, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Shinto
Asia, history of (I)
Gupta (dynasty)
Huns
India, history of
Clovis
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Franks
Gaul
Merovingians (dynasty)
Rome, ancient
baptism
Christianity
Clovis
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Franks
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Theodoric the Great, King of the Ostrogoths
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
harness
technology, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Germanic law
Germanic peoples
Germany, history of
law, history of
Salic law
Hohokam culture
Indians of North America, art of the
Indians, American (I)
North American archaeology
Burgundy
duel
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Germanic law
Germanic peoples
trial by combat
Clovis
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Franks
Goths
Clovis
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Franks
Anglo-Saxons
Arthur and Arthurian legend
Celts
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Vandals
Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus
Italy, history of
philosophy
scholasticism
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor (Justinian the Great)
Theodora, Byzantine Empress
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Theodoric the Great, King of the Ostrogoths
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor (Justinian the Great)
abbey
Benedict, Saint
Benedictines
Christianity
Italy, history of
monasticism
Monte Cassino
Khosru I, King of Persia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Sassanians
Africa, history of (I)
Belisarius
Byzantine Empire
Vandals
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Justinian Code
Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor (Justinian the Great)
law, history of
Roman law
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Chinese art and architecture
pagoda
Byzantine art and architecture
Byzantine Empire
Byzantium
cathedrals and churches
Hagia Sophia
Istanbul
Asia, history of (I)
Buddhism
Japan, history of
Korea, history of
bubonic plague
Europe, history of (I)
medicine, history of
Byzantine art and architecture
Byzantine Empire
cathedrals and churches
Italian art and architecture
Italy, history of
Ravenna
San Vitale
Byzantine Empire
Christianity
cross
Early Christian art and architecture
Maya
Mesoamerica
Byzantine Empire
Byzantium
Europe, history of (I)
Istanbul
silk
silkworm
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Goths
Italy, history of
Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor (Justinian the Great)
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor (Justinian the Great)
Mediterranean Sea
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Korea, history of
Christianity
Columba, Saint
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
missions, Christian
monasticism
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Lombards
Islam
Mecca
Middle East, history of the (I)
Muhammad
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Sui (dynasty)
Christianity
cross
Early Christian art and architecture
Jesus Christ
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Goths
Spain, history of
Christianity
Gregory I, Pope
Italy, history of
papacy
bubonic plague
Europe, history of (I)
Augustine of Canterbury, Saint
Canterbury
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
missions, Christian
Bonampak
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Maya
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Ireland, history of
missions, Christian
Scotland
choral music
Gregory I, Pope
Italy, history of
music
papacy
plainsong
Europe, history of (I)
India, history of
medicine, history of
smallpox
Anglo-Saxons
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Andean civilization
Huari
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Peru
pre-Columbian art and architecture
chess
games
India, history of
drum (musical instrument)
kettledrum
Middle East, history of the (I)
music
musical instruments
percussion instruments
irrigation
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
technology, history of
windmills and wind power
Asia, history of (I)
Buddhism
Japan, history of
Japanese art and architecture
Nara
temple
Islam
Koran
Middle East, history of the (I)
Muhammad
Anatolia, ancient
Jerusalem
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Persia, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Tang (T'ang) (dynasty)
Egypt
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Chinese literature
poetry
Tang (T'ang) (dynasty)
Islam
Koran
Mecca
Medina
Middle East, history of the (I)
Muhammad
Byzantine Empire
Heraclius, Byzantine Emperor
Middle East, history of the (I)
Nineveh
Persia, ancient
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Goths
Spain, history of
Islam
jihad
Mecca
Middle East, history of the (I)
Muhammad
Abu Bakr
Arabs
caliphate
Islam
Middle East, history of the (I)
Muhammad
Arabs
Islam
Middle East, history of the (I)
Sassanians
Arabs
Egypt
Islam
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Syria
Asia, history of (I)
Buddhism
India, history of
Tibet (Xizang)
China, history of
Chinese art and architecture
Tang (T'ang) (dynasty)
Yan Liben (Yen Li-pen)
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Arabs
Coptic art and architecture
Coptic church
Egypt
Middle East, history of the (I)
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Teotihuacan
Arabs
Islam
Koran
Middle East, history of the (I)
Muhammad
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Tang (T'ang) (dynasty)
Arabian music
Arabs
Middle East, history of the (I)
music
Umayyads
Arabs
Islam
Middle East, history of the (I)
Shiites
Sunnites
Afghanistan
Arabs
Asia, history of (I)
Islam
Kabul
Asia, history of (I)
Korea, history of
Caedmon
English literature (I)
poetry
Arabs
Byzantine Empire
Greek fire
Islam
Istanbul
weapons
Arabs
Asia, history of (I)
India, history of
Indus
Islam
Arabs
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Istanbul
Balkans
Bulgaria
Europe, history of (I)
Arabs
Islam
Islamic art and architecture
Jerusalem
Middle East, history of the (I)
mosque
Europe, history of (I)
Jews
Judaism
Spain, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Arabs
Carthage
Islam
Arabic language
Arabs
Egypt
Islam
Middle East, history of the (I)
Chichen Itza
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Maya
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Yucatan
adobe
Anasazi
Chaco Canyon
Indians of North America, art of the
Indians, American (I)
North American archaeology
Pueblo (Indian tribes)
Anglo-Saxons
Beowulf
English literature (I)
epic
Great Britain, history of
poetry
Africa, history of (I)
Arabs
Christianity
Islam
Tunis
Cahokia Mounds
Indians of North America, art of the
Indians, American (I)
Mound Builders
North American archaeology
Andean civilization
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Moche
Peru
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
Monte Alban
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Zapotec
Africa, history of (I)
Ghana
Europe, history of (I)
mill
technology, history of
waterwheel
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Nara
Arabs
Berbers
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Moorish art and architecture
Spain, history of
Arabs
Asia, history of (I)
Islam
Pakistan
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Japanese literature
Arabs
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Istanbul
Leo III, Byzantine Emperor (Leo the Isaurian)
Arabian music
Islam
lute
music
Spain, history of
Spanish music
stringed instruments
Byzantine art and architecture
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
icon (sacred image)
iconoclasm
Leo III, Byzantine Emperor (Leo the Isaurian)
China, history of
graphic arts
printing
technology, history of
woodcuts and wood engravings
Bede, Saint
Christianity
English literature (I)
Great Britain, history of
history
Arabs
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Franks
Islam
Tours
Asia, history of (I)
Buddhism
Japan, history of
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Mongolia
Uighur (Uygur)
China, history of
newspaper
printing
technology, history of
Abbasids
Arabs
caliphate
Islam
Middle East, history of the (I)
Umayyads
Asia, history of (I)
Bengal
Buddhism
India, history of
Asia, history of (I)
Bhubaneswar
Hinduism
India, history of
Indian art and architecture
Arabs
Europe, history of (I)
Granada (region in Spain)
Islam
Moorish art and architecture
Spain, history of
Arabs
Middle East, history of the (I)
paper
Samarkand
technology, history of
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Lombards
Ravenna
Carolingian art and architecture
Carolingians
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Franks
Merovingian art and architecture
Merovingians (dynasty)
Pepin the Short, King of the Franks
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
papacy
Papal States
graphic arts
Japan, history of
printing
technology, history of
woodcuts and wood engravings
Carolingian art and architecture
Carolingians
Charlemagne, Frankish Emperor (Charles the Great)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Franks
Carolingians
Charlemagne, Frankish Emperor (Charles the Great)
Europe, history of (I)
Franks
Italy, history of
Lombards
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
tea
Aachen
Alcuin
Carolingian art and architecture
Carolingians
Charlemagne, Frankish Emperor (Charles the Great)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Franks
Germany, history of
Abd al-Rahman I, Emir of Cordoba
Arabs
Cordoba (Spain)
Islam
Moorish art and architecture
mosque
Spain, history of
Abbasids
Arabian music
Arabs
Harun al-Rashid
Islam
Middle East, history of the (I)
music
Byzantine Empire
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
icon (sacred image)
iconoclasm
Irene, Byzantine Empress
Nicaea, councils of
Orthodox church
Bremen
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Scandinavia, history of
Vikings
Africa, history of (I)
Arabs
Fez
Islam
Morocco (nation)
Aachen
Carolingian art and architecture
Carolingians
Charlemagne, Frankish Emperor (Charles the Great)
Europe, history of (I)
Franks
Germany, history of
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Japanese art and architecture
Kyoto
Nara
book
Book of Kells
Celtic art
Europe, history of (I)
illuminated manuscripts
Ireland, history of
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
Iceland
Ireland, history of
Bonampak
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Maya
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Carolingians
Charlemagne, Frankish Emperor (Charles the Great)
Europe, history of (I)
Franks
Leo III, Pope
Africa, history of (I)
Kanem-Bornu
Kanuri
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Maya
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
Palenque
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Norway
Oseberg ship burial
Scandinavia, history of
Scandinavian art and architecture
ship
Vikings
Asia, history of (I)
Malacca, Strait of
Srivijaya Empire
Asia, history of (I)
Borobudur
Buddhism
Java
Southeast Asian art and architecture
stupa
temple
Asia, history of (I)
banking systems
China, history of
money
Doge's Palace
Italian art and architecture
Italy, history of
Venice
Arabs
mathematics, history of
Middle East, history of the (I)
number
numeral
Arabs
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Islam
Italy, history of
Marseille
Dublin (city in Ireland)
Europe, history of (I)
Ireland, history of
Vikings
Carolingians
Charlemagne, Frankish Emperor (Charles the Great)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Germany, history of
Italy, history of
Verdun, Treaty of
Europe, history of (I)
Seville
Spain, history of
Vikings
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Paris (France)
Vikings
Arabs
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
Venice
Asia, history of (I)
Myanmar
Pagan
Southeast Asian art and architecture
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
city
Tang (T'ang) (dynasty)
Xi'an (Sian)
Africa, history of (I)
African art
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe Ruins
earthquake
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Istanbul
Vikings
Cyril and Methodius, Saints
Cyrillic alphabet
Europe, history of (I)
writing systems, evolution of
Europe, history of (I)
Novgorod
Russia, history of
Vikings
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Vikings
York (England)
Byzantine art and architecture
Byzantine Empire
cathedrals and churches
Hagia Sophia
mosaic
Byzantine Empire
Christianity
Constantinople, councils of
Europe, history of (I)
Istanbul
Nicholas I, Pope
Orthodox church
Photius
Roman Catholic church
Schism, Great
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Chinese art and architecture
graphic arts
woodcuts and wood engravings
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
Iceland
Scandinavia, history of
Vikings
Alfred, King of England
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, The
Anglo-Saxons
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Vikings
Wessex
Europe, history of (I)
Harold I, King of Norway (Harold Fairhair)
Norway
Scandinavia, history of
Vikings
Europe, history of (I)
Kiev
Rurik (dynasty)
Russia, history of
Angkor
Asia, history of (I)
Cambodia
Khmer
Khmer Empire
Southeast Asian art and architecture
temple
Arabs
Basil I, Byzantine emperor (Basil the Macedonian)
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Carolingians
Charles III, Frankish emperor (Charles the Fat)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Franks
Alfred, King of England
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, The
Anglo-Saxons
Danelaw
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Vikings
Wessex
Arnulf, Frankish emperor
Carolingians
Charles III, Frankish emperor (Charles the Fat)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Franks
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Japanese art and architecture
Danube River
Europe, history of (I)
Hungary
Magyars
Arabs
Cordoba (Spain)
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Spain, history of
adobe
Anasazi
Chaco Canyon
Indians of North America, art of the
Indians, American (I)
North American archaeology
Pueblo (Indian tribes)
Europe, history of (I)
Mediterranean Sea
Vikings
Arabs
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Spain, history of
technology, history of
windmills and wind power
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Tang (T'ang) (dynasty)
abbey
Benedictines
Christianity
Cluny
France, history of
Arabs
dervish
Islam
Middle East, history of the (I)
Sufism
Charles III, King of France (Charles the Simple)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Franks
Normandy
Normans
Vikings
Arabs
Egypt
Fatimids
Ismailis
Middle East, history of the (I)
Asia, history of (I)
Korea, history of
Korean art
Africa, history of (I)
Ghana
Africa, history of (I)
Arabs
Fatimids
Ismailis
Morocco (nation)
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Otto I, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Saxons
Annam
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Vietnam
Arabs
Europe, history of (I)
Leon (Spanish region)
Madrid
Spain, history of
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Istanbul
Vikings
Asia, history of (I)
Beijing (Peking)
China, history of
Arabian music
Arabs
Farabi, al-
logic
Middle East, history of the (I)
music
philosophy
abbey
cathedrals and churches
church music
Europe, history of (I)
keyboard instruments
music
organ
Arabian music
Arabs
drum (musical instrument)
Europe, history of (I)
music
musical instruments
trumpet
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Maya
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Otto I, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Ottonian art and architecture
Saxons
Asia, history of (I)
India, history of
Indian art and architecture
Khajuraho
temple
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Toltec
Tula (Mexico)
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Hungary
Magyars
Otto I, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Piast (dynasty)
Poland
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Sung (dynasty):
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Otto I, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Piast (dynasty)
Poland
Arabs
Cairo (Egypt)
Egypt
Fatimids
Middle East, history of the (I)
Arabs
Europe, history of (I)
mathematics, history of
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Chinese art and architecture
Sung (dynasty):
Africa, history of (I)
Arabs
Islam
AEthelred II, King of England (AEthelred the Unready)
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Scandinavia, history of
Vikings
Eric the Red
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
Greenland
Scandinavia, history of
Vikings
Arabs
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Islam
Italy, history of
Otto II, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Asia, history of (I)
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
Genoa
Italy, history of
Venice
exploration
Newfoundland (Canadian province)
North American archaeology
Scandinavia, history of
Vikings
Capetians (dynasty)
Carolingians
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Hugh Capet, King of France
Chichen Itza
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Maya
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
Toltec
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Kiev
Orthodox church
Russia, history of
Vladimir I, Grand Duke of Kiev
AEthelred II, King of England (AEthelred the Unready)
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Olaf I, King of Norway
Scandinavia, history of
Sweyn, King of Denmark
Vikings
Asia, history of (I)
diary
Japan, history of
Japanese literature
Sei Shonagon
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Norway
Olaf I, King of Norway
Scandinavia, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
sugar
sugar production
Venice
Africa, history of (I)
Kano (city)
Nigeria
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Greenland
Iceland
Eric the Red
exploration
L'Anse aux Meadows
Leif Eriksson
North American archaeology
Scandinavia, history of
Vikings
Vinland
Denmark
Europe, history of (I)
Norway
Olaf I, King of Norway
Scandinavia, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Navarre
Sancho III, King of Navarre (Sancho the Great)
Spain, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Hungary
Magyars
Stephen I, King of Hungary (Saint Stephen)
canonization
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
saint
Adriatic Sea
Dalmatia
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Venice
Africa, history of (I)
Zanzibar
Afghanistan
Asia, history of (I)
Ghaznavids
India, history of
Islam
Mahmud of Ghazni
Pakistan
Brian Boru, King of Ireland
Europe, history of (I)
Ireland, history of
Vikings
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Henry II, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
Lombardy
Asia, history of (I)
Firdawsi
Persia, ancient
Persian literature
poetry
Shah Namah
L'Anse aux Meadows
North American archaeology
Scandinavia, history of
Thorfinn Karlsefni
Vikings
Vinland
AEthelred II, King of England (AEthelred the Unready)
Anglo-Saxons
Denmark
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Normandy
Sweyn, King of Denmark
Vikings
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Henry II, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
L'Anse aux Meadows
North American archaeology
Scandinavia, history of
Vikings
Vinland
Denmark
Europe, history of (I)
Norway
Olaf II, King of Norway (Saint Olaf)
Scandinavia, history of
Vikings
Canute, King of England, Denmark, and Norway
Denmark
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Norway
Scandinavia, history of
Vikings
Arabs
Druzes
Fatimids
Islam
Middle East, history of the (I)
Bulgaria
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Japanese literature
Murasaki Shikibu
novel
Tale of Genji, The
Guido d'Arezzo
Italian music
music
musical notation and terms
staff
Boleslaw I, King of Poland (Boleslaw the Brave)
Europe, history of (I)
Piast (dynasty)
Poland
Asia, history of (I)
Bengal
India, history of
Java
Sri Lanka
Conrad II, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Franconia
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Canute, King of England, Denmark, and Norway
Europe, history of (I)
Norway
Scandinavia, history of
Cumans
Europe, history of (I)
Russia, history of
Arabs
caliphate
Cordoba (Spain)
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Spain, history of
Umayyads
Aragon
Castile
Europe, history of (I)
Sancho III, King of Navarre (Sancho the Great)
Spain, history of
Avicenna
Islam
medicine, history of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
philosophy
camera
camera obscura
photography, history and art of
technology, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Macbeth
Macbeth, King of Scotland
Scotland
Anglo-Saxons
Edward the Confessor, King of England
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Vikings
Anawratha
Asia, history of (I)
Myanmar
Pagan
Southeast Asian art and architecture
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Henry III, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
Asia, history of (I)
book
China, history of
printing
technology, history of
type and typesetting
abbey
Edward the Confessor, King of England
English art and architecture
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Westminster Abbey
choral music
Europe, history of (I)
medieval music
music
plainsong
polyphony
Europe, history of (I)
Norway
Oslo
Scandinavia, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Mali
Sahara
Timbuktu
Tuareg
Iran
Isfahan
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Persian art and architecture
Seljuks
Turks
Asia, history of (I)
astronomy, history of
China, history of
Crab nebula
supernova
Christianity
Europe, history of (I)
Leo IX, Pope
Michael Cerularius
Orthodox church
Roman Catholic church
Schism, Great
Baghdad
Iraq
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Seljuks
Turks
Africa, history of (I)
Almoravids
Berbers
Islam
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Macbeth
Macbeth, King of Scotland
Malcolm III, King of Scotland (Malcolm Canmore)
Scotland
Africa, history of (I)
Almoravids
Marrakech
Morocco (nation)
cathedrals and churches
Europe, history of (I)
Italian art and architecture
Italy, history of
Pisa
Romanesque art and architecture
Belgrade
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Hungary
Alp-Arslan
Armenia (historic region)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Seljuks
Turks
Anglo-Saxons
Bayeux Tapestry
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Harold II, King of England
Hastings
Hastings, Battle of
Normandy
Normans
William I, King of England (William the Conqueror)
Alp-Arslan
Anatolia, ancient
Byzantine Empire
Manzikert, Battle of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Seljuks
Turks
Alfonso VI, King of Leon and Castile
Castile
Europe, history of (I)
Leon (Spanish region)
Spain, history of
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Normans
Robert Guiscard
church and state
Europe, history of (I)
Gregory VII, Pope
Henry IV, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
investiture controversy
papacy
Middle East, history of the (I)
Omar Khayyam
Persia, ancient
Persian literature
poetry
Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
Europe, history of (I)
Gregory VII, Pope
Henry IV, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
investiture controversy
papacy
English art and architecture
Great Britain, history of
London (England)
Norman architecture
Tower of London
cathedrals and churches
English art and architecture
Great Britain, history of
Norman architecture
Winchester
Bayeux Tapestry
Great Britain, history of
Harold II, King of England
Hastings, Battle of
Normans
tapestry
William I, King of England (William the Conqueror)
Great Britain, history of
Newcastle upon Tyne
Europe, history of (I)
Gregory VII, Pope
Henry IV, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
investiture controversy
Italy, history of
papacy
Rome (Italy)
Alfonso VI, King of Leon and Castile
Arabs
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Spain, history of
Toledo (Spain)
Domesday Book
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
mill
technology, history of
waterwheel
Almoravids
Berbers
Islam
Spain, history of
Domesday Book
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
William I, King of England (William the Conqueror)
Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Normans
Pechenegs
Croatia
Europe, history of (I)
Hungary
Ladislas I, King of Hungary
Slavonia
Byzantine art and architecture
cathedrals and churches
Europe, history of (I)
Italian art and architecture
Italy, history of
Saint Mark's Basilica
Venice
Arabs
El Cid
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Spain, history of
Valencia (city in Spain)
Assassins
Islam
Ismailis
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Almoravids
Berbers
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Spain, history of
Arabs
Christianity
Crusades
Europe, history of (I)
Godfrey of Bouillon
Islam
Peter the Hermit
Urban II, Pope
Anselm, Saint
Canterbury, archbishop of
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
philosophy
scholasticism
Cistercians
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
monastic art and architecture
monasticism
Arabs
Christianity
Crusades
Godfrey of Bouillon
Islam
Jerusalem
Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Hausa
Kano (city)
Nigeria
Africa, history of (I)
Sierra Leone
Temne
adobe
Anasazi
Chaco Canyon
Indians of North America, art of the
Indians, American (I)
North American archaeology
Pueblo (Indian tribes)
Chanson de Roland
chansons de geste
Charlemagne cycle
France, history of
French literature
Roland
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Henry IV, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Henry V, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
Capetians (dynasty)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Louis VI, King of France (Louis the Fat)
Philip I, King of France
cathedrals and churches
Chichester
English art and architecture
Great Britain, history of
Norman architecture
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
compass, navigational
navigation
technology, history of
Crusades
Europe, history of (I)
Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Templars
Abelard, Peter
France, history of
philosophy
Roscellin
scholasticism
theology
William of Champeaux
Almohads
Berbers
Islam
mahdi
Middle East, history of the (I)
Abelard, Peter
Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint
France, history of
philosophy
theology
Trinity
Callistus II, Pope
church and state
Europe, history of (I)
Henry V, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
investiture controversy
Lateran councils
papacy
Worms
cathedrals and churches
Europe, history of (I)
Gothic art and architecture
rose window
stained glass
Africa, history of (I)
Almohads
Berbers
Islam
Morocco (nation)
English literature (I)
Geoffrey of Monmouth
Great Britain, history of
history
Africa, history of (I)
Almohads
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Spain, history of
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Louis VII, King of France (Louis the Young)
cathedrals and churches
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
French art and architecture
Gothic art and architecture
Saint-Denis (church)
Suger, Abbot of Saint-Denis
Austria
Europe, history of (I)
Vienna
Conrad III, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Hohenstaufen (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Naples, Kingdom of
Normans
Roger II, King of Sicily
Sicily
Alfonso I, King of Portugal
Portugal, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Almohads
Almoravids
Arabs
Berbers
Islam
Marrakech
Morocco (nation)
Arabs
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Lisbon
Portugal, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Moscow
Russia, history of
Bologna
Bologna, University of
Europe, history of (I)
European universities
Italy, history of
medicine, history of
university
Europe, history of (I)
paper
Spain, history of
technology, history of
Europe, history of (I)
European universities
Great Britain, history of
Oxford (England)
Oxford, University of
university
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
fireworks
rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles
weapons
Africa, history of (I)
African art
Ife
Nigeria
Yoruba
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Toltec
Tula (Mexico)
Angkor
Asia, history of (I)
Cambodia
Khmer Empire
Southeast Asian art and architecture
temple
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Louis VII, King of France (Louis the Young)
Angevins (dynasties)
Anjou
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Henry II, King of England
Arabs
Damascus
Islam
Middle East, history of the (I)
Nur al-Din
Seljuks
Syria
Turks
Europe, history of (I)
Frederick I, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Germany, history of
Hohenstaufen (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
samurai
Chretien de Troyes
courtly love
French literature
poetry
Africa, history of (I)
Almohads
Almoravids
Arabs
Berbers
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Spain, history of
Eleanor of Aquitaine
France, history of
law, history of
maritime law
buttress
cathedrals and churches
French art and architecture
Gothic art and architecture
Notre Dame de Paris (cathedral)
rose window
Jews
Judaism
Maimonides
Middle East, history of the (I)
Mishnah
philosophy
Torah
Asia, history of (I)
Buddhism
Korea, history of
Becket, Saint Thomas
Canterbury
Canterbury Cathedral
Canterbury, archbishop of
Great Britain, history of
Henry II, King of England
European universities
France, history of
Paris (France)
Paris, Universities of
university
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Henry II, King of England
Ireland, history of
Arabs
Ayyubids
Egypt
Fatimids
Islam
Middle East, history of the (I)
Saladin
campanile
Italian art and architecture
Pisa
Romanesque art and architecture
horse racing
London (England)
sports, history of
cathedrals and churches
German art and architecture
Gothic art and architecture
Romanesque art and architecture
Strasbourg
Strasbourg Cathedral
fable
French literature
Reynard the Fox
Europe, history of (I)
Frederick I, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Germany, history of
Italy, history of
Lombardy
bridge (engineering)
Great Britain, history of
London (England)
London Bridge
technology, history of
Belfast
Europe, history of (I)
Ireland, history of
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
samurai
Yoritomo
Arabs
Averroes
Islam
philosophy
Spain, history of
Angkor
Asia, history of (I)
Cambodia
Khmer
Khmer Empire
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
samurai
shogun
Yoritomo
Bulgaria
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Arabs
Ayyubids
Crusades
Islam
Jerusalem
Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Saladin
Chichen Itza
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Toltec
Yucatan
Arabs
Crusades
Europe, history of (I)
Frederick I, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Philip II, King of France (Philip Augustus)
Richard I, King of England
Saladin
Crusades
Europe, history of (I)
Frederick I, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Germany, history of
Henry VI, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Hohenstaufen (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
France, history of
Paris (France)
perfume
Philip II, King of France (Philip Augustus)
Asia, history of (I)
Mongolia
Mongols
Crusades
Europe, history of (I)
knight
Teutonic Knights
Asia, history of (I)
Buddhism
Japan, history of
Zen Buddhism
Crusades
Cyprus
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Richard I, King of England
Austria
Crusades
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Richard I, King of England
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
shogun
Yoritomo
cathedrals and churches
Chartres Cathedral
French art and architecture
Gothic art and architecture
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Henry VI, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Richard I, King of England
Europe, history of (I)
Henry VI, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Hohenstaufen (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Italy, history of
Naples, Kingdom of
Sicily
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Henry VI, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Hohenstaufen (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Otto IV, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
John, King of England
Richard I, King of England
Cambridge (England)
Cambridge University
European universities
Great Britain, history of
university
epic
German literature
Nibelungenlied
Jews
Judaism
Kabbalah
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
philosophy
Africa, history of (I)
African art
Mali
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
medieval music
minstrels, minnesingers, and troubadours
Provencal literature
Fibonacci sequence
Leonardo Pisano
mathematics, history of
Crusades
Europe, history of (I)
Innocent III, Pope
Byzantine Empire
Constantinople, Latin Empire of
Crusades
Europe, history of (I)
Istanbul
Amsterdam
Europe, history of (I)
Netherlands
Asia, history of (I)
Genghis Khan, Mongol Emperor
Mongolia
Mongols
Asia, history of (I)
Delhi Sultanate
India, history of
Qutb Minar
Great Britain, history of
Liverpool
Albigenses
Crusades
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Innocent III, Pope
Assisi
Europe, history of (I)
Francis of Assisi, Saint
Franciscans
Italy, history of
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Genghis Khan, Mongol Emperor
Mongols
Alfonso II, King of Portugal
Almohads
Castile
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Spain, history of
Children's Crusade
Crusades
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Bouvines, Battle of
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hohenstaufen (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
John, King of England
Otto IV, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Philip II, King of France (Philip Augustus)
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
John, King of England
law, history of
Magna Carta
Asia, history of (I)
Beijing (Peking)
China, history of
Genghis Khan, Mongol Emperor
Mongols
Arabs
Ayyubids
Crusades
Egypt
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Middle East, history of the (I)
Europe, history of (I)
Serbia
Yugoslavia
Denmark
flag
heraldry
Scandinavia, history of
Asia, history of (I)
Genghis Khan, Mongol Emperor
Mongols
Russia, history of
Samarkand
cathedrals and churches
English art and architecture
Gothic art and architecture
Salisbury (England)
Salisbury Cathedral
European universities
Italy, history of
Padua
Padua, University of
university
Asia, history of (I)
Batu Khan
Genghis Khan, Mongol Emperor
Golden Horde, Khanate of the
Mongols
Russia, history of
courtly love
French literature
Guillaume de Lorris
poetry
Roman de la Rose, Le
Asia, history of (I)
Genghis Khan, Mongol Emperor
Golden Horde, Khanate of the
Mongolia
Mongols
cathedrals and churches
Spanish art and architecture
Toledo (Spain)
Arabs
Aragon
Europe, history of (I)
James I, King of Aragon (James the Conqueror)
Majorca
Spain, history of
Delhi Sultanate
Indian art and architecture
minaret
New Delhi
Qutb Minar
dervish
Islam
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persia, ancient
Rumi, Jalal al-Din al-
Sufism
Europe, history of (I)
Gregory IX, Pope
heresy
Inquisition
papacy
Asia, history of (I)
Buddhism
Korea, history of
printing
technology, history of
type and typesetting
Alexander Nevsky (Russian prince)
Europe, history of (I)
Russia, history of
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Batu Khan
Europe, history of (I)
Golden Horde, Khanate of the
Kiev
Mongols
Russia, history of
Batu Khan
Europe, history of (I)
Golden Horde, Khanate of the
Hungary
Mongols
Bacon, Roger
gunpowder
science, history of
Berlin
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Carpini, Giovanni da Pian del
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
Franciscans
Innocent IV, Pope
Mongols
Arabs
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand III, Spanish King of Castile
Granada (city in Spain)
Granada (region in Spain)
Islam
Spain, history of
cathedrals and churches
Cologne
German art and architecture
Gothic art and architecture
Alfonso III, King of Portugal
Almohads
Arabs
Europe, history of (I)
Islam
Portugal, history of
Albertus Magnus, Saint
alchemy
arsenic
chemistry, history of
Arabs
Ayyubids
Egypt
Islam
Mamelukes
Middle East, history of the (I)
Europe, history of (I)
Frederick II, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Germany, history of
Hohenstaufen (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Arabs
Crusades
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Islam
Joinville, Jean, Sire de
Louis IX, King of France (Saint Louis)
Europe, history of (I)
galley
galley warfare
Mediterranean Sea
naval vessels
encyclopedia
French literature
Vincent of Beauvais
Hanseatic League
Lubeck
Scandinavia, history of
Stockholm
Sweden
Augustine, Saint
Augustinians
Europe, history of (I)
hermit
monasticism
European universities
France, history of
Paris (France)
Paris, Universities of
theological seminaries
Abbasids
Arabs
Baghdad
Iraq
Middle East, history of the (I)
Mongols
Asia, history of (I)
Kublai Khan, Mongol Emperor
Mongols
Paris (France)
tapestry
textile industry
weaving
Europe, history of (I)
flagellants
Italy, history of
China, history of
exploration
Italy, history of
Polo, Marco
Venice
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Istanbul
Michael VIII, Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Iceland
Norway
Scandinavia, history of
Angevins (dynasties)
Anjou
Charles I, King of Naples (Charles of Anjou)
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Naples
Naples, Kingdom of
Sicily
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Hebrides
Norway
Scotland
Angevins (dynasties)
Charles I, King of Naples (Charles of Anjou)
Europe, history of (I)
Guelphs and Ghibellines
Italy, history of
Islam
Mamelukes
Mecca
Middle East, history of the (I)
Asia, history of (I)
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
Kublai Khan, Mongol Emperor
Polo, Marco
Venice
Aquinas, Saint Thomas
Dominicans
Europe, history of (I)
Summa Theologiae
theology
Austria
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Habsburg (dynasty)
Rudolf I, King of Germany
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Kublai Khan, Mongol Emperor
Mongols
city-state
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Milan
Visconti (family)
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Kublai Khan, Mongol Emperor
Mongols
Yuan (dynasty)
Arabs
fireworks
Middle East, history of the (I)
rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles
Angevins (dynasties)
Charles I, King of Naples (Charles of Anjou)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Italy, history of
Naples, Kingdom of
Peter III, King of Aragon (Peter the Great)
Sicilian Vespers
Sicily
Charles I, King of Naples (Charles of Anjou)
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Naples
Naples, Kingdom of
Peter III, King of Aragon (Peter the Great)
Sicily
city-state
Europe, history of (I)
Genoa
Italy, history of
Mediterranean Sea
Pisa
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
legend
Pied Piper of Hamelin
Duccio di Buoninsegna
Florence (Italy)
Italian art and architecture
Siena
Asia, history of (I)
Mongols
Myanmar
Pagan
Edward I, King of England
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Jews
Cimabue
Florence (Italy)
fresco painting
Italian art and architecture
Jews
Judaism
Kabbalah
Middle East, history of the (I)
Asia, history of (I)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Osman I, Ottoman ruler
Ottoman Empire
Turks
Acre (Israel)
Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of
Mamelukes
Middle East, history of the (I)
Europe, history of (I)
Switzerland
Dante Alighieri
Italian literature
Italy, history of
Asia, history of (I)
Indonesia
Java
Majapahit Empire
Southeast Asian art and architecture
costume
France, history of
law, history of
Philip IV, King of France (Philip the Fair)
sumptuary laws
cathedrals and churches
Florence (Italy)
Italian art and architecture
cooking
Italy, history of
pasta
Polo, Marco
city-state
Europe, history of (I)
Genoa
Italy, history of
Venice
Edward I, King of England
Great Britain, history of
Scotland
Wallace, Sir William
Edward I, King of England
Great Britain, history of
Scotland
Wallace, Sir William
exploration
Genoa
Italy, history of
Polo, Marco
Beijing (Peking)
China, history of
Chinese art and architecture
Forbidden City
Cholula
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
Mixtec
pre-Columbian art and architecture
clocks and watches
technology, history of
spinning
technology, history of
textile industry
eyeglasses
technology, history of
Byzantine Empire
Osman I, Ottoman ruler
Ottoman Empire
France, history of
States-General
Boniface VIII, Pope
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Italy, history of
papacy
Philip IV, King of France (Philip the Fair)
Rome (Italy)
Rome, University of
Florence (Italy)
fresco painting
Giotto di Bondone
Italian art and architecture
mural painting
Padua
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Jews
Judaism
Philip IV, King of France (Philip the Fair)
Edward I, King of England
Great Britain, history of
Robert I, King of Scotland (Robert the Bruce)
Scotland
anti-Semitism
Great Britain, history of
Jews
Dante Alighieri
Divine Comedy, The
Italian literature
Angevins (dynasties)
Charles I, King of Hungary (Charles Robert)
Europe, history of (I)
Hungary
Avignon
Clement V, Pope
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Italy, history of
papacy
Rome (Italy)
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Henry VII, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
Africa, history of (I)
Mali
Mansa Musa, Emperor of Mali
Bannockburn, Battle of
Douglas (family)
Edward II, King of England
Great Britain, history of
Robert I, King of Scotland (Robert the Bruce)
Scotland
Europe, history of (I)
Piast (dynasty)
Poland
Great Britain, history of
legend
Nottingham
Robin Hood
Aquinas, Saint Thomas
canonization
John XXII, Pope
Africa, history of (I)
Arabs
exploration
geography
Ibn Battuta
Middle East, history of the (I)
Edward II, King of England
Edward III, King of England
Great Britain, history of
Mortimer (family)
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Italy, history of
Germany, history of
Munich
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Italy, history of
John XXII, Pope
Marsilius of Padua
papacy
Kremlin
Moscow
Russian art and architecture
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
shogun
Edward III, King of England
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Guienne
Hundred Years' War
Philip VI, King of France
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
shogun
Edward III, King of England
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hundred Years' War
Philip VI, King of France
Asia, history of (I)
India, history of
Islam
Kashmir
Italian literature
Petrarch
poetry
Aztec
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
Mexico City
Mexico, history of
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Tenochtitlan
Doge's Palace
Gothic art and architecture
Italian art and architecture
Venice
archery
bow and arrow
cannon
Crecy, Battle of
Edward III, King of England
Edward, the Black Prince
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hundred Years' War
Philip VI, King of France
Charles IV, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Greece
Serbia
Stephen Dusan, King of Serbia
Yugoslavia
bubonic plague
Death, Dance of
Europe, history of (I)
infectious diseases
medicine, history of
Calais
Edward III, King of England
Edward, the Black Prince
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hundred Years' War
Philip VI, King of France
Boccaccio, Giovanni
Decameron
erotica
Italian literature
Czechoslovakia
European universities
Prague
university
Dengaku
drama
Japanese literature
No drama
theater, history of the
Europe, history of (I)
Switzerland
Zurich
Africa, history of (I)
Arabs
exploration
geography
Ibn Battuta
Nigeria
Bern
Switzerland
Italy, history of
reliquary
Shroud of Turin
Turin
Charles IV, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Charles IV, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Golden Bull
Holy Roman Empire
Edward, the Black Prince
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hundred Years' War
John II, King of France (John the Good)
Poitiers
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Hanseatic League
Lubeck
Schleswig-Holstein
Bretigny, Treaty of
Edward III, King of England
Edward, the Black Prince
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hundred Years' War
John II, King of France (John the Good)
allegory
English literature (I)
Langland, William
Piers Plowman
Casimir III, King of Poland (Casimir the Great)
European universities
Krakow
Piast (dynasty)
Poland
university
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Chinese art and architecture
Ming (dynasty)
Aquitaine
Charles V, King of France (Charles the Wise)
Edward III, King of England
Edward, the Black Prince
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hundred Years' War
Asia, history of (I)
Mongols
Timur
Timurids (dynasty)
Bastille
France, history of
Paris (France)
Casimir III, King of Poland (Casimir the Great)
Europe, history of (I)
Piast (dynasty)
Poland
Hungary
perfume
card games
games
tarot
Europe, history of (I)
Gregory XI, Pope
Italy, history of
papacy
Rome (Italy)
Avignon
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Gregory XI, Pope
Italy, history of
papacy
Rome (Italy)
Schism, Great
Urban VI, Pope
Italy, history of
rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles
weapons
Dimitry Donskoi, Grand Duke of Moscow
Europe, history of (I)
Golden Horde, Khanate of the
Mongols
Russia, history of
Tatar
city-state
Europe, history of (I)
Genoa
Italy, history of
Mediterranean Sea
Venice
Great Britain, history of
Peasants' Revolt
Richard II, King of England
Bible
Great Britain, history of
Lollards
Wycliffe, John
Great Britain, history of
Lollards
Wycliffe, John
Canterbury
Canterbury Tales, The
Chaucer, Geoffrey
English literature (I)
pilgrimage
European universities
Germany, history of
Heidelberg
Heidelberg, University of
university
Jadwiga, Queen of Poland
Jagello (dynasty)
Lithuania
Poland
city-state
Italy, history of
Scala (family)
Verona
Vicenza
Visconti (family)
Asia, history of (I)
Iran
Isfahan
Mongols
Timur
Timurids (dynasty)
Europe, history of (I)
Hungary
Murad I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Turks
Java
Majapahit Empire
Asia, history of (I)
Korea, history of
Asia, history of (I)
Cambodia
Thai
Thailand
Bayezid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
John The Fearless, Duke of Burgundy
Ottoman Empire
Sigismund, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Denmark
Europe, history of (I)
Margaret I, Queen of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden
Norway
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Asia, history of (I)
Delhi Sultanate
India, history of
Mongols
Timur
Timurids (dynasty)
Great Britain, history of
Henry IV, King of England
Lancaster (dynasty)
Richard II, King of England
Bedlam
hospital (institution)
London (England)
medicine, history of
French literature
Froissart, Jean
Europe, history of (I)
Greenland
Vikings
Glendower, Owen
Great Britain, history of
Henry IV, King of England
Wales
Hohokam culture
Indians, American (I)
North American archaeology
Pima
mammoth
Siberia
cathedrals and churches
Seville
Spanish art and architecture
Ankara
Asia, history of (I)
Bayezid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Mongols
Ottoman Empire
Timur
Timurids (dynasty)
Great Britain, history of
Henry IV, King of England
Lancaster (dynasty)
Percy (family)
baptistery
Florence (Italy)
Ghiberti, Lorenzo
Italian art and architecture
Renaissance art and architecture
Mongols
Timur
Timurids (dynasty)
city-state
Florence (Italy)
Italy, history of
Pisa
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Vietnam
Armagnacs and Burgundians
France, history of
John The Fearless, Duke of Burgundy
Orleans (family)
Czechoslovakia
Huss, John
Hussites
Jerome of Prague
Prague
Colombe (family)
Flemish art and architecture
International Style (art)
Limbourg brothers
miniature painting
Europe, history of (I)
Jagello (dynasty)
Lithuania
Poland
Tannenberg, Battles of
Teutonic Knights
Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania
Armagnacs and Burgundians
France, history of
John The Fearless, Duke of Burgundy
Orleans (family)
Agincourt, Battle of
archery
bow and arrow
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Henry V (play)
Henry V, King of England
Hundred Years' War
Orleans (family)
strategy and tactics, military
Constance, Council of
Czechoslovakia
Europe, history of (I)
Huss, John
Hussites
Ailly, Pierre d'
Benedict XIII, "Antipope"
Constance, Council of
Europe, history of (I)
Gerson, Jean le Charlier de
Italy, history of
John XXIII, "Antipope"
Martin V, Pope
Schism, Great
Sigismund, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Africa, history of (I)
Ceuta
Europe, history of (I)
Henry the Navigator
John I, King of Portugal (John the Great)
Morocco (nation)
Portugal, history of
Augustinians
Germany, history of
Thomas a Kempis
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
Henry the Navigator
Portugal, history of
graphic arts
woodcuts and wood engravings
Great Britain, history of
Henry V, King of England
Normandy
Charles VI, King of France (Charles the Mad or Well-Beloved)
Charles VII, King of France (Charles the Well-Served)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Henry V, King of England
Hundred Years' War
Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy
Florence (Italy)
invention
patent
bronzes
Donatello
Florence (Italy)
Italian art and architecture
Renaissance art and architecture
sculpture
Florence (Italy)
fresco painting
Italian art and architecture
Masaccio
Renaissance art and architecture
Azores
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
Henry the Navigator
Portugal, history of
Switzerland
witchcraft
Copenhagen
Denmark
Scandinavia, history of
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Vietnam
Charles VII, King of France (Charles the Well-Served)
Dunois, Jean, Comte de (the Bastard of Orleans)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hundred Years' War
Joan of Arc, Saint
Orleans (France)
Charles VII, King of France (Charles the Well-Served)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hundred Years' War
Joan of Arc, Saint
Rouen
witchcraft
della Robbia (family)
Florence (Italy)
Italian art and architecture
pottery and porcelain
Renaissance art and architecture
sculpture
terra-cotta
Aztec
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Tenochtitlan
Angkor
Asia, history of (I)
Cambodia
Khmer
Khmer Empire
Thai
Thailand
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Sigismund, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
art collectors and patrons
Florence (Italy)
Italy, history of
Medici (family)
Eyck, Jan van
Flemish art and architecture
portraiture
Renaissance art and architecture
Asia, history of (I)
Cambodia
Khmer
Khmer Empire
Phnom Penh
Africa, history of (I)
exploration
Henry the Navigator
Morocco (nation)
Portugal, history of
Charles VII, King of France (Charles the Well-Served)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hundred Years' War
Paris (France)
Andean civilization
Inca
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Peru
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Europe, history of (I)
Hungary
Hunyadi, Janos
Jagello (dynasty)
Ottoman Empire
Poland
Eton College
Great Britain, history of
Henry VI, King of England
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Maya
Mayapan
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Brunelleschi, Filippo
Florence (Italy)
Italian art and architecture
Renaissance art and architecture
Alfonso V, King of Aragon (Alfonso the Magnanimous)
Angevins (dynasties)
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Naples
Naples, Kingdom of
Rene of Anjou, King of Naples
Flemish art and architecture
Renaissance art and architecture
Weyden, Rogier van der
Europe, history of (I)
Hungary
Hunyadi, Janos
Jagello (dynasty)
Murad II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Poland
Cambridge (England)
Cambridge University
English art and architecture
Great Britain, history of
Perpendicular Gothic style
Europe, history of (I)
Hungary
Hunyadi, Janos
Murad II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
book
Europe, history of (I)
Fust, Johann
Germany, history of
Gutenberg Bible
Gutenberg, Johann
printing
technology, history of
type and typesetting
Aladdin
Ali Baba
Arabian Nights
Arabic literature
fairy tale
Harun al-Rashid
jinni
Scheherazade
Africa, history of (I)
Portugal, history of
slavery
city-state
Italy, history of
Milan
Sforza (family)
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
postal services
Florence (Italy)
fresco painting
Italian art and architecture
Lippi, Fra Filippo
Prato
Renaissance art and architecture
Europe, history of (I)
Frederick III, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Germany, history of
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Byzantine Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Istanbul
Mehmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Bordeaux
Charles VII, King of France (Charles the Well-Served)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Henry VI, King of England
Hundred Years' War
Islamic art and architecture
Istanbul
Ottoman Empire
Topkapi Palace Museum
Florence (Italy)
Italian art and architecture
Renaissance art and architecture
Uccello, Paolo
book
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Gutenberg Bible
Gutenberg, Johann
printing
publishing
technology, history of
type and typesetting
Beaufort (family)
Edward IV, King of England
Great Britain, history of
Henry VI, King of England
Lancaster (dynasty)
Margaret of Anjou
Roses, Wars of the
Tudor (dynasty)
Belgrade
Europe, history of (I)
Hungary
Hunyadi, Janos
Mehmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Athens (Greece)
Europe, history of (I)
Greece
Mehmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Dracula
Europe, history of (I)
Romania
Vlad the Impaler, Prince of Walachia
Walachia
almanac
book
printing
publishing
Europe, history of (I)
Hungary
Hunyadi, Janos
Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary
Brunelleschi, Filippo
Florence (Italy)
Italian art and architecture
Pitti Palace
Europe, history of (I)
Mehmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Serbia
Italian art and architecture
Mantegna, Andrea
Renaissance art and architecture
Edward IV, King of England
Great Britain, history of
Henry VI, King of England
Lancaster (dynasty)
Roses, Wars of the
York (dynasty)
book
book illustration
graphic arts
woodcuts and wood engravings
Edward IV, King of England
Great Britain, history of
Henry VI, King of England
Lancaster (dynasty)
Roses, Wars of the
York (dynasty)
Arabs
Europe, history of (I)
Gibraltar
Islam
Spain, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Songhai (empire)
Timbuktu
Casimir IV, King of Poland
Europe, history of (I)
Poland
Prussia
Teutonic Knights
Burgundy
Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy
France, history of
Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
shogun
Aragon
Castile
Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (Ferdinand the Catholic)
Isabella I, Queen of Castile (Isabella the Catholic)
Spain, history of
Edward IV, King of England
Great Britain, history of
Henry VI, King of England
Lancaster (dynasty)
Roses, Wars of the
Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of
York (dynasty)
Arthur and Arthurian legend
English literature (I)
Malory, Sir Thomas
Morte Darthur
legend
Switzerland
Tell, William
Edward IV, King of England
Great Britain, history of
Henry VI, King of England
Lancaster (dynasty)
Roses, Wars of the
Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of
York (dynasty)
Africa, history of (I)
Arabs
Islam
Morocco (nation)
Portugal, history of
Tangier
Italian art and architecture
Renaissance art and architecture
Rome (Italy)
Sistine Chapel
Sixtus IV, Pope
Burgundy
Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy
France, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Moldavia
Ottoman Empire
Stephen the Great, Prince of Moldavia
Turks
Edward IV, King of England
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
York (dynasty)
Asia, history of (I)
Crimea
Europe, history of (I)
Ottoman Empire
Russia, history of
Turks
engraving
graphic arts
intaglio (printing):
Renaissance art and architecture
France, history of
Louis XI, King of France
postal services
book
Caxton, William
Great Britain, history of
printing
publishing
city-state
Florence (Italy)
Italy, history of
Medici (family)
Aragon
Castile
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (Ferdinand the Catholic)
Isabella I, Queen of Castile (Isabella the Catholic)
Spain, history of
Belgium
Brussels
tapestry
textile industry
Flemish art and architecture
Memling, Hans
Renaissance art and architecture
Europe, history of (I)
Ivan III, Grand Duke of Moscow (Ivan the Great)
Russia, history of
Tatar
city-state
Italy, history of
Milan
Sforza (family)
Europe, history of (I)
heresy
Inquisition
Spain, history of
Edward IV, King of England
Great Britain, history of
postal services
York (dynasty)
Bayezid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Mehmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Africa, history of (I)
Congo River
exploration
Kongo, Kingdom of
Portugal, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Ghana
Portugal, history of
Bellini (family)
Italian art and architecture
Renaissance art and architecture
Venice
flight, human-powered
helicopter
Italian art and architecture
Leonardo da Vinci
Renaissance art and architecture
technology, history of
Alexander VI, Pope
heresy
Italy, history of
Savonarola, Girolamo
Edward V, King of England
Great Britain, history of
Lancaster (dynasty)
Richard III (play)
Richard III, King of England
Roses, Wars of the
Woodville, Elizabeth
York (dynasty)
Inquisition
Spain, history of
Torquemada, Tomas de
Great Britain, history of
Henry VII, King of England
Lancaster (dynasty)
Richard III (play)
Richard III, King of England
Roses, Wars of the
Tudor (dynasty)
York (dynasty)
Africa, history of (I)
African art
Benin
Benin, Kingdom of
Portugal, history of
Botticelli, Sandro
Florence (Italy)
Italian art and architecture
Medici (family)
Renaissance art and architecture
Henry VII, King of England
Lancaster (dynasty)
Roses, Wars of the
Tudor (dynasty)
York (dynasty)
Aztec
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Mesoamerica
Mexico, history of
Oaxaca (city)
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Germany, history of
witchcraft
Andean civilization
Ecuador
Inca
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
pre-Columbian art and architecture
Quito
Africa, history of (I)
Dias, Bartolomeu
exploration
Good Hope, Cape of
Portugal, history of
Cyprus
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Venice
ballet
dance
Italy, history of
book
Italy, history of
Manutius, Aldus
publishing
type and typesetting
Venice
choral music
Josquin des Prez
music
Renaissance music
Columbus, Christopher
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
Isabella I, Queen of Castile (Isabella the Catholic)
Latin America, history of
Pinzon, Martin Alonso
San Salvador Island
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Arabs
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (Ferdinand the Catholic)
Granada (city in Spain)
Islam
Spain, history of
geography
Germany, history of
globe
maps and mapmaking
Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (Ferdinand the Catholic)
Isabella I, Queen of Castile (Isabella the Catholic)
Jews
Spain, history of
Torquemada, Tomas de
Europe, history of (I)
Frederick III, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Germany, history of
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Columbus, Christopher
Cuba
Hispaniola
Jamaica
Charles VIII, King of France
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
Brant, Sebastian
fool
German literature
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
John II, King of Portugal (John the Perfect)
Portugal, history of
Spain, history of
Tordesillas, Treaty of
Charles VIII, King of France
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
Naples
Italian art and architecture
Last Supper
Leonardo da Vinci
Milan
Renaissance art and architecture
Greek literature, ancient
Manutius, Aldus
printing
publishing
Jews
Manuel I, King of Portugal (Manuel the Fortunate)
Portugal, history of
agriculture, history of
smoking
tobacco
Cabot, John
Cabot, Sebastian
exploration
Great Britain, history of
Newfoundland (Canadian province)
Columbus, Christopher
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (Ferdinand the Catholic)
Isabella I, Queen of Castile (Isabella the Catholic)
Latin America, history of
Spain, history of
Anne of Brittany
Charles VIII, King of France
France, history of
Louis XII, King of France
Italian art and architecture
Michelangelo
Renaissance art and architecture
Rome (Italy)
Saint Peter's Basilica
sculpture
Asia, history of (I)
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
Gama, Vasco da
India, history of
Portugal, history of
China, history of
dentistry
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
Louis XII, King of France
Milan
Sforza (family)
Great Britain, history of
Henry VII, King of England
James IV, King of Scotland
Giorgione
Italian art and architecture
portraiture
Renaissance art and architecture
Venice
Bosch, Hieronymus
Dutch art and architecture
Flemish art and architecture
painting
Brazil
Cabral, Pedro Alvares
exploration
Manuel I, King of Portugal (Manuel the Fortunate)
Portugal, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (Ferdinand the Catholic)
France, history of
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
Louis XII, King of France
Naples, Kingdom of
Spain, history of
Brazil
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
Latin America, history of
Vespucci, Amerigo
Cochin (city)
India, history of
Portugal, history of
Bayezid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Italy, history of
Ottoman Empire
Turks
Venice
Columbus, Christopher
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (Ferdinand the Catholic)
Isabella I, Queen of Castile (Isabella the Catholic)
Latin America, history of
Spain, history of
Iran
Islam
Middle East, history of the (I)
Safavids
Shiites
Aztec
Montezuma II
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
musket
Spain, history of
Bermuda
exploration
Italian art and architecture
Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa
painting
Renaissance art and architecture
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (Ferdinand the Catholic)
Fernandez de Cordoba, Gonzalo
France, history of
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
Louis XII, King of France
Naples
Naples, Kingdom of
Spain, history of
encomienda
Latin America, history of
slavery
Spain, history of
Afghanistan
Asia, history of (I)
Babur, Mogul emperor of India
India, history of
Kabul
Moguls (dynasty)
Italian art and architecture
painting
Raphael (painter)
Renaissance art and architecture
Africa, history of (I)
Kongo, Kingdom of
Mozambique
Portugal, history of
Sri Lanka
Columbus, Christopher
Europe, history of (I)
exploration
Spain, history of
Bramante, Donato
cathedrals and churches
Italian art and architecture
Julius II, Pope
Renaissance art and architecture
Rome (Italy)
Saint Peter's Basilica
America
geography
maps and mapmaking
Vespucci, Amerigo
fresco painting
Italian art and architecture
Julius II, Pope
Michelangelo
Renaissance art and architecture
Rome (Italy)
Sistine Chapel
Cambrai
Europe, history of (I)
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
Louis XII, King of France
Venice
Erasmus, Desiderius
Europe, history of (I)
humanism
Praise of Folly, The
Renaissance
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Henry VII, King of England
Henry VIII, King of England
Tudor (dynasty)
agriculture, history of
Latin America, history of
sugar
sugar production
Cambrai
Europe, history of (I)
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
Louis XII, King of France
Venice
Africa, history of (I)
Libya
Spain, history of
Tripoli (Libya)
drama
English literature (I)
Everyman
medieval drama
cryptology
Germany, history of
Goa
India, history of
Portugal, history of
Danube school
German art and architecture
Grunewald, Matthias
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
Julius II, Pope
Louis XII, King of France
exploration
Portugal, history of
Thailand
Malaysia
Melaka
Portugal, history of
Cuba
Spain, history of
Durer, Albrecht
German art and architecture
graphic arts
Holy Roman Empire
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
painting
Bayezid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Selim I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Florence (Italy)
Habsburg (dynasty)
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
Medici (family)
Borgia (family)
Italian literature
Machiavelli, Nicolo
Prince, The
Renaissance
state (in political philosophy)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
Julius II, Pope
Louis XII, King of France
exploration
Florida
Ponce de Leon, Juan
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Balboa, Vasco Nunez de
exploration
Latin America, history of
Pacific Ocean
Spain, history of
encomienda
Las Casas, Bartolome de
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
slavery
Italian art and architecture
Raphael (painter)
Renaissance art and architecture
Rome (Italy)
Saint Peter's Basilica
conquistadors
Cuba
Latin America, history of
Spain, history of
Velazquez de Cuellar, Diego
Asia, history of (I)
Iran
Ottoman Empire
Safavids
Selim I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Turks
Italian art and architecture
Michelangelo
Renaissance art and architecture
sculpture
Bourbon, Charles de Bourbon, Duc de
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Francis I, King of France
Habsburg (dynasty)
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
Sforza (family)
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
Wolsey, Thomas
conquistadors
Cuba
Havana
Spain, history of
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (Ferdinand the Catholic)
Spain, history of
English literature (I)
humanism
More, Saint Thomas
Renaissance
Utopia (book)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Francis I, King of France
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
Milan
Sforza (family)
Africa, history of (I)
Algeria
Algiers
Ottoman Empire
Selim I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Turks
Andrea del Sarto
Italian art and architecture
Renaissance art and architecture
Egypt
Mamelukes
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Selim I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Syria
Turks
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
indulgences
Luther, Martin
Lutheranism
Protestantism
Reformation
Wittenberg
Alvarado, Pedro de
conquistadors
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Spain, history of
Yucatan Peninsula
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Spain, history of
cacao
chocolate
cocoa
Spain, history of
Latin America, history of
Panama
Panama City
Spain, history of
Aztec
conquistadors
Cortes, Hernan
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Montezuma II
Spain, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Protestantism
Reformation
Zurich
Zwingli, Ulrich
agriculture, history of
corn
Spain, history of
West Indies
Calais
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Francis I, King of France
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
Christian II, King of Denmark
Denmark
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
exploration
Latin America, history of
Magellan, Ferdinand
Magellan, Strait of
Portugal, history of
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Selim I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Suleiman I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Europe, history of (I)
excommunication
Frederick III, Elector of Saxony (Frederick the Wise)
heresy
Leo X, Pope
Luther, Martin
Lutheranism
Protestantism
Reformation
Worms
exploration
Magellan, Ferdinand
Philippines
Portugal, history of
Aztec
conquistadors
Cortes, Hernan
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Montezuma II
Spain, history of
Tenochtitlan
Clouet (family)
Francis I, King of France
French art and architecture
miniature painting
exploration
Magellan, Ferdinand
Portugal, history of
Denmark
Kalmar
Margaret I, Queen of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden
Norway
Sweden
Denmark
Gustav I, King of Sweden
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Latin America, history of
Spain, history of
Venezuela
Italian art and architecture
painting
Renaissance art and architecture
Titian
Venice
Hudson River
Manhattan (New York City)
New York (state)
United States, history of the (I)
Verrazano, Giovanni da
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Luther, Martin
Munzer, Thomas
Peasants' War
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Francis I, King of France
Holy Roman Empire
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
Pavia
Asia, history of (I)
Babur, Mogul emperor of India
Delhi Sultanate
India, history of
Moguls (dynasty)
Correggio
Italian art and architecture
painting
Parma
Renaissance art and architecture
Europe, history of (I)
Hungary
Jagello (dynasty)
Louis II, King of Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Suleiman I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Bohemia
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Habsburg (dynasty)
Hungary
Basel
medicine, history of
Paracelsus
Bourbon, Charles de Bourbon, Duc de
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Clement VII, Pope
Europe, history of (I)
Habsburg (dynasty)
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
chateau
Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau, Chateau de
Francis I, King of France
French art and architecture
Catherine of Aragon
Clement VII, Pope
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
Wolsey, Thomas
Austria
Europe, history of (I)
Ottoman Empire
Suleiman I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Vienna
Babur, Mogul emperor of India
Humayun, Mogul Emperor of India
India, history of
Moguls (dynasty)
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Hospitalers
Malta
Augsburg
Augsburg Confession
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
confessions of faith
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Luther, Martin
Reformation
Europe, history of (I)
Reformation
Switzerland
Zurich
Zwingli, Ulrich
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Protestantism
Reformation
French literature
Gargantua and Pantagruel
Rabelais, Francois
Cromwell, Thomas, 1st Earl of Essex
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
ballet
Catherine de Medicis
France, history of
Catherine de Medicis
France, history of
Henry II, King of France
Medici (family)
Atahualpa
conquistadors
Inca
Latin America, history of
Peru
Pizarro, Francisco
Spain, history of
English art and architecture
German art and architecture
Holbein, Hans, the Younger
painting
Renaissance art and architecture
Boleyn, Anne
Catherine of Aragon
Cromwell, Thomas, 1st Earl of Essex
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
Cromwell, Thomas, 1st Earl of Essex
England, Church of
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
Reformation
Anabaptists
Germany, history of
Munster (Germany)
Reformation
Bible
Germany, history of
Luther, Martin
Lutheranism
Reformation
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
humanism
More, Saint Thomas
Canada, history of
Cartier, Jacques
exploration
France, history of
St. Lawrence River
Almagro, Diego de
Chile
conquistadors
exploration
Latin America, history of
Spain, history of
conquistadors
exploration
Latin America, history of
Lima
Peru
Pizarro, Francisco
Spain, history of
Mesopotamia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Suleiman I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
exploration
Galapagos Islands
Spain, history of
Christian III, King of Denmark
Denmark
Lutheranism
Norway
Reformation
Scandinavia, history of
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
Reformation
Great Britain, history of
heresy
Reformation
Tyndale, William
Calvin, John
Calvinism
France, history of
Protestantism
Reformation
Boleyn, Anne
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
Seymour, Jane
Argentina
Buenos Aires
conquistadors
Latin America, history of
Mendoza, Pedro de
Spain, history of
Bangalore
India, history of
Karnataka
artillery
ballistics
Italy, history of
mathematics, history of
Tartaglia, Niccolo
Bogota
Columbia
Latin America, history of
Spain, history of
Afghanistan
Asia, history of (I)
Humayun, Mogul Emperor of India
India, history of
Moguls (dynasty)
Sher Shah
Cibola, Seven Golden Cities of
conquistadors
Coronado, Francisco Vazquez de
Indian Wars
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Zuni
Cromwell, Thomas, 1st Earl of Essex
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
Anne of Cleves
Cranmer, Thomas
Cromwell, Thomas, 1st Earl of Essex
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
Howard, Catherine
Choctaw
conquistadors
de Soto, Hernando
Indians, American (I)
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Colorado River (Colorado)
conquistadors
Grand Canyon
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Counter-Reformation
Ignatius Loyola, Saint
Italy, history of
Jesuits
Paul III, Pope
horse
North America
Calvin, John
Calvinism
Geneva
Reformation
Switzerland
Chile
conquistadors
Latin America, history of
Santiago (Chile)
Spain, history of
Valdivia, Pedro de
conquistadors
de Soto, Hernando
exploration
Mississippi River
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
Howard, Catherine
Amazon River
conquistadors
exploration
Latin America, history of
Orellana, Francisco de
Spain, history of
Great Britain, history of
James V, King of Scotland
Mary, Queen of Scots
Scotland
Alvarado, Pedro de
Cabrillo, Juan Rodriguez
California
anatomy
book illustration
medicine, history of
Vesalius, Andreas
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
Parr, Catherine
astronomy, history of
Copernicus, Nicolaus
geocentric world system
heliocentric world system
science, history of
solar system
exploration
Japan, history of
Portugal, history of
botanical garden
garden
Italy, history of
Pisa
artillery
cannon
Great Britain, history of
Great Britain, history of
Wales
California
Oregon
France, history of
medicine, history of
Pare, Ambroise
surgery
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
naval vessels
Portsmouth (England)
underwater archaeology
Cardano, Gerolamo
Italy, history of
mathematics, history of
council, ecumenical
Counter-Reformation
Europe, history of (I)
Paul III, Pope
Trent, Council of
Bolivia
Latin America, history of
mining and quarrying
Potosi
silver
Francis I, King of France
French art and architecture
Lescot, Pierre
Louvre
museums, art
Agricola, Georgius
fossil record
Germany, history of
paleontology
bacteria
Fracastoro, Girolamo
Italy, history of
medicine, history of
Barbary States
piracy
checkers
games
Spain, history of
Catherine de Medicis
Diane de Poitiers
France, history of
Francis I, King of France
Henry II, King of France
Edward VI, King of England
Great Britain, history of
Henry VIII, King of England
Somerset, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of
Ivan IV, Tsar of Russia (Ivan the Terrible)
Russia, history of
Francis Xavier, Saint
Japan, history of
Jesuits
missions, Christian
Jagello (dynasty)
Poland
Sigismund II, King of Poland
Bolivia
La Paz (Bolivia)
Latin America, history of
Spain, history of
Italian art and architecture
painting
Renaissance art and architecture
Tintoretto
Venice
Book of Common Prayer
Cranmer, Thomas
England, Church of
Great Britain, history of
acting
commedia dell'arte
drama
Harlequin
Italy, history of
Pierrot
theater, history of the
Finland
Gustav I, King of Sweden
Helsinki
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Chile
Concepcion
conquistadors
Latin America, history of
Spain, history of
Valdivia, Pedro de
Europe, history of (I)
music
musical instruments
stringed instruments
violin
Portugal, history of
smoking
Spain, history of
tobacco
art criticism
Italian art and architecture
Mannerism
Renaissance art and architecture
Vasari, Giorgio
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Italian Wars
Italy, history of
cattle and cattle raising
North America
Spain, history of
Italian art and architecture
Palladio, Andrea
Renaissance art and architecture
Villa Rotonda
Latin America, history of
Latin American universities
Mexico City
Mexico, history of
Mexico, National Autonomous University of
university
Golden Horde, Khanate of the
Ivan IV, Tsar of Russia (Ivan the Terrible)
Kazan
Russia, history of
Tatar
Cranmer, Thomas
Edward VI, King of England
Great Britain, history of
Grey, Lady Jane
Mary I, Queen of England
Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of
Great Britain, history of
Mary I, Queen of England
Araucanians
Chile
Latin America, history of
Lautaro
Spain, history of
Valdivia, Pedro de
Chancellor, Richard
exploration
Great Britain, history of
Northeast Passage
Doge's Palace
Italian art and architecture
painting
Renaissance art and architecture
Venice
Veronese, Paolo
Italian music
mass (musical setting)
music
Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da
Renaissance music
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Mary I, Queen of England
Philip II, King of Spain
Spain, history of
Great Britain, history of
Mary I, Queen of England
Reformation
Africa, history of (I)
Barbary States
Ottoman Empire
Suleiman I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
agriculture, history of
Europe, history of (I)
tomato
vegetable
Great Britain, history of
Mary I, Queen of England
Protestantism
Reformation
astrology
France, history of
Nostradamus
Augsburg, Peace of
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Germany, history of
Lutheranism
Protestantism
Reformation
Roman Catholic church
cathedrals and churches
Moscow
Russian art and architecture
Agricola, Georgius
De re metallica
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
metallurgy
mining and quarrying
technology, history of
Akbar, Mogul Emperor of India
Humayun, Mogul Emperor of India
India, history of
Moguls (dynasty)
China, history of
earthquake
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Philip II, King of Spain
Cranmer, Thomas
Great Britain, history of
Mary I, Queen of England
Protestantism
Reformation
Islamic art and architecture
Istanbul
mosque
Sinan
Turkey (country)
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Henry II, King of France
Montmorency, Anne, Duc de
Philip II, King of Spain
Spain, history of
China, history of
Macao
Portugal, history of
algebra
Europe, history of (I)
mathematics, history of
Elizabeth I, Queen of England
Elizabethan Age
Great Britain, history of
Mary I, Queen of England
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Germany, history of
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
dauphin
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Francis II, King of France
Guise (family)
Mary, Queen of Scots
Scotland
Calais
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Guise (family)
Asia, history of (I)
Vietnam
Calvinism
Great Britain, history of
Knox, John
Presbyterianism
Reformation
Scotland
Scotland, Church of
Counter-Reformation
Index (Index of Forbidden Books)
Italy, history of
papacy
Alba, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, Duque de
Cateau-Cambresis, Treaty of
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Henry II, King of France
Italian Wars
Philip II, King of Spain
Spain, history of
England, Church of
Great Britain, history of
Puritanism
Reformation
Florence (Italy)
Italian art and architecture
Renaissance art and architecture
Uffizi
Vasari, Giorgio
floriculture
flower
Netherlands
tulip
Turkey (country)
Europe, history of (I)
Francis II, King of France
Great Britain, history of
Guise (family)
Mary, Queen of Scots
Scotland
Madrid
Philip II, King of Spain
Spain, history of
Humayun, Mogul Emperor of India
Indian art and architecture
Mogul art and architecture
Moguls (dynasty)
New Delhi
Florida
France, history of
Huguenots
United States, history of the (I)
Arcimboldo, Giuseppe
Italian art and architecture
Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
Renaissance art and architecture
Coligny, Gaspard de, Seigneur de Chatillon
Conde (family)
France, history of
Huguenots
Religion, Wars of
Africa, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Hawkins, Sir John
slavery
West Indies
Laos
Vientiane
boyars
Ivan IV, Tsar of Russia (Ivan the Terrible)
Russia, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
Florida
Saint Augustine
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Cebu (city)
Philippines
Spain, history of
coach and carriage
coach horse
Great Britain, history of
Netherlands
Great Britain, history of
pencil
Hinduism
India, history of
Vijayanagar
Florida
France, history of
Huguenots
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Dutch Revolt
Europe, history of (I)
Low Countries, history of the
Netherlands
Philip II, King of Spain
Spain, history of
William I, Prince of Orange (William the Silent)
Great Britain, history of
James I, King of England
Mary, Queen of Scots
Scotland
Alba, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, Duque de
Dutch Revolt
Europe, history of (I)
Low Countries, history of the
Netherlands
Philip II, King of Spain
Spain, history of
William I, Prince of Orange (William the Silent)
Brazil
Huguenots
Latin America, history of
Portugal, history of
Rio de Janeiro
Bruegel (family)
Flemish art and architecture
genre painting
Elizabeth I, Queen of England
Great Britain, history of
Mary, Queen of Scots
Scotland
Japan, history of
Kyoto
Nobunaga
atlas (book of maps)
geography
maps and mapmaking
Mercator, Gerardus
Ortelius, Abraham
lathe
machine tools
screw
technology, history of
Akbar, Mogul Emperor of India
Fatehpur Sikri
India, history of
Moguls (dynasty)
Jagello (dynasty)
Lublin
Poland
Sigismund II, King of Poland
Italian art and architecture
Palladio, Andrea
Renaissance art and architecture
Africa, history of (I)
Kanem-Bornu
Kanuri
Niger
Manila
Philippines
Spain, history of
Cyprus
Europe, history of (I)
Ottoman Empire
Turks
Europe, history of (I)
galley warfare
John of Austria, Don
Lepanto, Battle of
Ottoman Empire
Turks
Venice
Inquisition
Mexico, history of
Spain, history of
Bogota
Columbia
Latin America, history of
Latin American universities
university
Inca
Indians, American (I)
Latin America, history of
Peru
Spain, history of
Toledo, Francisco de
Catherine de Medicis
Coligny, Gaspard de, Seigneur de Chatillon
France, history of
Henry IV, King of France
Huguenots
Religion, Wars of
Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Jagello (dynasty)
Poland
Sigismund II, King of Poland
Akbar, Mogul Emperor of India
Gujarat
India, history of
Moguls (dynasty)
castle
Japan, history of
Japanese art and architecture
Nobunaga
agriculture, history of
potato
Spain, history of
vegetable
France, history of
Henry III, King of France
Valois (dynasty)
Africa, history of (I)
Ottoman Empire
Spain, history of
Tunis
Turks
Central America
North America
South America
Spain, history of
Hiawatha
Indians, American (I)
Iroquois League
Mohawk
United States, history of the (I)
Bathory (family)
Poland
astronomy, history of
Brahe, Tycho
Denmark
observatory, astronomical
Uraniborg Observatory
France, history of
Henry III, King of France
Huguenots
Protestantism
Religion, Wars of
Arctic
exploration
Frobisher, Sir Martin
Great Britain, history of
Northwest Passage
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Prague
Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Dutch Revolt
Europe, history of (I)
Low Countries, history of the
Netherlands
Philip II, King of Spain
Spain, history of
William I, Prince of Orange (William the Silent)
Elizabethan playhouse
Great Britain, history of
theater architecture and staging
theater, history of the
Drake, Sir Francis
Elizabeth I, Queen of England
exploration
Great Britain, history of
Amritsar
India, history of
Sikhs
Africa, history of (I)
Morocco (nation)
Ottoman Empire
Portugal, history of
Sebastian, King of Portugal
catacombs
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
tomb
California
Drake, Sir Francis
exploration
Great Britain, history of
San Francisco Bay
United States, history of the (I)
essay
Essays of Montaigne
French literature
Montaigne, Michel de
Alba, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, Duque de
Europe, history of (I)
Philip II, King of Spain
Portugal, history of
Spain, history of
Europe, history of (I)
witchcraft
Drake, Sir Francis
England
Dutch Revolt
Europe, history of (I)
Low Countries, history of the
Netherlands
Spain, history of
Utrecht
Russia, history of
Siberia
Yermak Timofeyevich
exploration
geography
Great Britain, history of
Hakluyt, Richard
United States, history of the (I)
calendar
Europe, history of (I)
Gregory XIII, Pope
Edinburgh
Edinburgh, University of
European universities
Scotland
university
castle
Hideyoshi
Japan, history of
Japanese art and architecture
Osaka
Canada, history of
exploration
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey
Great Britain, history of
Newfoundland (Canadian province)
Ivan IV, Tsar of Russia (Ivan the Terrible)
Russia, history of
Elizabeth I, Queen of England
exploration
Great Britain, history of
Grenville, Sir Richard
Raleigh, Sir Walter
United States, history of the (I)
Virginia
Dutch Revolt
Europe, history of (I)
Low Countries, history of the
Netherlands
Orange (dynasty)
Spain, history of
William I, Prince of Orange (William the Silent)
Elizabeth I, Queen of England
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Philip II, King of Spain
Spain, history of
Canada, history of
Davis Strait
Davis, John
exploration
Great Britain, history of
Northwest Passage
Great Britain, history of
Grenville, Sir Richard
North Carolina
Raleigh, Sir Walter
Roanoke Colony
United States, history of the (I)
Virginia
Elizabeth I, Queen of England
Great Britain, history of
Mary, Queen of Scots
Scotland
Great Britain, history of
pipe
smoking
tobacco
Cadiz
Drake, Sir Francis
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Spain, history of
Hideyoshi
Japan, history of
Jesuits
missions, Christian
Dare, Virginia
Roanoke Colony
Christian IV, King of Denmark
Denmark
Scandinavia, history of
France, history of
Guise (family)
Henry III, King of France
Paris (France)
Religion, Wars of
Drake, Sir Francis
Elizabeth I, Queen of England
Europe, history of (I)
Frobisher, Sir Martin
galleon
Great Britain, history of
Hawkins, Sir John
navy
Philip II, King of Spain
Spain, history of
Spanish Armada
Galileo Galilei
Italy, history of
mathematics, history of
Pisa
Bourbon (dynasty)
France, history of
Guise (family)
Henry III, King of France
Henry IV, King of France
Religion, Wars of
drama
Elizabethan Age
Elizabethan playhouse
English literature (I)
Marlowe, Christopher
Tamburlaine the Great
allegory
Elizabethan Age
English literature (I)
Faerie Queene, The
Spenser, Edmund
Hideyoshi
Japan, history of
algebra
mathematics, history of
Viete, Francois
drama
Elizabethan Age
Elizabethan playhouse
English literature (I)
Great Britain, history of
Shakespeare, William
theater, history of the
Great Britain, history of
North Carolina
Raleigh, Sir Walter
Roanoke Colony
United States, history of the (I)
Virginia
Africa, history of (I)
Morocco (nation)
Songhai (empire)
Songhai (people)
Dublin (city in Ireland)
Elizabeth I, Queen of England
European universities
Trinity College, Dublin
university
Bruno, Giordano
heresy
Inquisition
Italy, history of
philosophy
Doctor Faustus
drama
Elizabethan Age
Elizabethan playhouse
English literature (I)
Faust (literary character)
Marlowe, Christopher
France, history of
Guise (family)
Henry IV, King of France
Religion, Wars of
France, history of
Guise (family)
Henry IV, King of France
Paris (France)
Religion, Wars of
Italian music
music
opera
Peri, Jacopo
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Tyrone, Hugh O'Neill, 2d Earl of
Ulster
Christianity
Indians, American (I)
New Spain
Spain, history of
Spanish missions
Poland
Sigismund III, King of Poland
Warsaw
El Greco
painting
Spanish art and architecture
Abbas I
Afghanistan
Asia, history of (I)
Herat
Iran
Safavids
Uzbek
Boris Godunov (play):
Boris Godunov, Tsar of Russia
Russia, history of
Time of Troubles
drama
Elizabethan Age
Elizabethan playhouse
English literature (I)
Jonson, Ben
Philip II, King of Spain
Philip III, King of Spain
Spain, history of
France, history of
Henry IV, King of France
Huguenots
Nantes, Edict of
Religion, Wars of
Chamberlain's Men
Elizabethan playhouse
Globe Theatre
Great Britain, history of
London (England)
theater, history of the
New Mexico
New Spain
Spain, history of
East India Company, British
Elizabeth I, Queen of England
Great Britain, history of
Bruno, Giordano
heresy
Inquisition
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
lens
microscope
technology, history of
baroque art and architecture
Italian art and architecture
Italy, history of
costume
Europe, history of (I)
wig
electricity
Gilbert, William
magnetism
physics, history of
baroque art and architecture
Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da
Italian art and architecture
painting
Beijing (Peking)
China, history of
Jesuits
missions, Christian
Ricci, Matteo
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Manchuria
Nurhachi
Qing (Ch'ing dynasty)
Elizabeth I, Queen of England
Essex, Robert Devereux, 2d Earl of
Great Britain, history of
French art and architecture
Gobelins
Paris (France)
tapestry
textile industry
Abbas I
Iran
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Turks
Cape Cod
exploration
Gosnold, Bartholomew
New England
United States, history of the (I)
Bodleian Library
Great Britain, history of
library
Oxford (England)
East India Company, Dutch
Low Countries, history of the
Ieyasu, Shogun of Japan
Japan, history of
Tokugawa (family)
Elizabeth I, Queen of England
Great Britain, history of
James I, King of England
Scotland
Stuart (family)
Japanese literature
Kabuki
theater, history of the
drama
Elizabethan Age
Elizabethan playhouse
English literature (I)
Hamlet (play)
Shakespeare, William
theater, history of the
Boris Godunov, Tsar of Russia
Russia, history of
Time of Troubles
Charles IX, King of Sweden
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Spain, history of
embryology
Fabricius ab Aquapendente, Hieronymus
science, history of
East India Company, French
France, history of
Dutch Revolt
Low Countries, history of the
Ostend
Spain, history of
France, history of
Maine (state)
Bacon, Francis (philosopher)
philosophy
Akbar, Mogul Emperor of India
India, history of
Jahangir, Mogul Emperor of India
Moguls (dynasty)
Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de
Don Quixote
Spanish literature
Barbados
Great Britain, history of
West Indies
Fawkes, Guy
Great Britain, history of
Parliament
Acadia
Annapolis Royal
Canada, history of
Champlain, Samuel de
New France
Nova Scotia
drama
English literature (I)
Jonson, Ben
theater, history of the
Volpone
Russia, history of
Italian music
Monteverdi, Claudio
music
opera
Jamestown
London Company
Smith, John (American colonist)
United States, history of the (I)
Virginia
Holy Roman Empire
Hungary
Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
astronomy, history of
Galileo Galilei
science, history of
telescope, optical
Canada, history of
Champlain, Samuel de
New France
Quebec (city)
astronomy, history of
science, history of
telescope, optical
Dutch Revolt
Europe, history of (I)
Low Countries, history of the
Netherlands
Spain, history of
astronomy, history of
Kepler, Johannes
science, history of
Bermuda
Great Britain, history of
New Mexico
Santa Fe
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
exploration
Hudson River
Hudson, Henry
Champlain, Lake
Champlain, Samuel de
exploration
drama
English literature (I)
Jonson, Ben
theater, history of the
exploration
Great Britain, history of
Hudson Bay
Hudson, Henry
United States, history of the (I)
astronomy, history of
Galileo Galilei
science, history of
telescope, optical
France, history of
Henry IV, King of France
Louis XIII, King of France
Marie de Medicis
Bavaria
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Maximilian, Elector and Duke of Bavaria
Moscow
Poland
Russia, history of
Sigismund III, King of Poland
Time of Troubles
Bible
Great Britain, history of
James I, King of England
Christian IV, King of Denmark
Denmark
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Ulster
Charles IX, King of Sweden
Gustav II Adolf, King of Sweden (Gustavus Adolphus)
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Denmark
Gustav II Adolf, King of Sweden (Gustavus Adolphus)
Russia, history of
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Michael, Tsar of Russia
Romanov (dynasty)
Russia, history of
Time of Troubles
Canada, history of
Maine (state)
Nova Scotia
United States, history of the (I)
Virginia
Great Britain, history of
James I, King of England
Parliament
Jamestown
Rolfe, John
tobacco
Indians, American (I)
Jamestown
Pocahontas
Powhatan
Rolfe, John
United States, history of the (I)
logarithm
mathematics, history of
Napier, John
science, history of
English literature (I)
Great Britain, history of
history
Raleigh, Sir Walter
Albany (New York)
New York (state)
agriculture, history of
coffee
Italy, history of
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Nurhachi
Qing (Ch'ing dynasty)
Asia, history of (I)
Low Countries, history of the
Moluccas
Portugal, history of
agriculture, history of
Great Britain, history of
tea
Champlain, Samuel de
exploration
Huron, Lake
Indians, American (I)
smallpox
United States, history of the (I)
France, history of
Marie de Medicis
Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal et Duc de
Asia, history of (I)
Ieyasu, Shogun of Japan
Japan, history of
Tokugawa (family)
Copernicus, Nicolaus
Roman Catholic church
science, history of
Baffin Bay
Baffin, William
Canada, history of
exploration
Great Britain, history of
Northwest Passage
Russia, history of
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
agriculture, history of
tobacco
United States, history of the (I)
Europe, history of (I)
Thirty Years' War
Great Britain, history of
James I, King of England
Raleigh, Sir Walter
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
Virginia
Bohemia
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
English art and architecture
Jones, Inigo
Whitehall Palace
France, history of
Louis XIII, King of France
Marie de Medicis
painting
Seville
Spanish art and architecture
Velazquez, Diego
Bohemia
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick V, Elector Palatine (the Winter King)
Holy Roman Empire
Thirty Years' War
legislature
Virginia
Kepler's laws
Kepler, Johannes
planets and planetary systems
Bohemia
Europe, history of (I)
Frederick V, Elector Palatine (the Winter King)
Thirty Years' War
Tilly, Johann Tserclaes, Graf von
Drebbel, Cornelis
submarine
technology, history of
Thames, River
Bohemia
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Thirty Years' War
Europe, history of (I)
Gustav II Adolf, King of Sweden (Gustavus Adolphus)
Livonia (region in Europe)
Poland
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Alden, John
Bradford, William
Brewster, William
Cape Cod
Carver, John
Mayflower
Pilgrims
Plymouth Colony
Standish, Myles
United States, history of the (I)
Winslow, Edward
France, history of
Huguenots
Louis XIII, King of France
Philip IV, King of Spain
Portugal, history of
Spain, history of
Dutch West India Company
Low Countries, history of the
Netherlands
Dutch Revolt
Low Countries, history of the
Netherlands
Spain, history of
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
United States, history of the (I)
Virginia
Abbas I
Baghdad
Iran
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Palatinate
Thirty Years' War
painting
Philip IV, King of Spain
Spanish art and architecture
Velazquez, Diego
Bacon, Francis (philosopher)
philosophy
science, history of
New Hampshire
United States, history of the (I)
Maine (state)
United States, history of the (I)
Dutch art and architecture
Hals, Frans
painting
portraiture
Donne, John
English literature (I)
Jacobean literature
metaphysical poetry
poetry
Albany (New York)
New York (state)
chemistry, history of
Helmont, Johannes Baptista van
science, history of
Hudson River
New Netherland
New York (state)
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
Thirty Years' War
Wallenstein, Albrecht Wenzel von
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
James I, King of England
Stuart (family)
baroque art and architecture
Flemish art and architecture
painting
Paris (mythology)
Rubens, Peter Paul
Manhattan (New York City)
Minuit, Peter
New Netherland
New York (city)
United States, history of the (I)
Breda
Dutch Revolt
Low Countries, history of the
Netherlands
Spain, history of
Barbados
Christian IV, King of Denmark
Denmark
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Scandinavia, history of
Thirty Years' War
Tilly, Johann Tserclaes, Graf von
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Mansfeld, Ernst, Graf von
Thirty Years' War
Wallenstein, Albrecht Wenzel von
Manhattan (New York City)
Minuit, Peter
New Netherland
New York (city)
United States, history of the (I)
India, history of
Jahangir, Mogul Emperor of India
Moguls (dynasty)
Shah Jahan, Mogul Emperor of India
France, history of
Huguenots
La Rochelle
Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal et Duc de
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Korea, history of
Qing (Ch'ing dynasty)
anatomy
Harvey, William
heart:
medicine, history of
science, history of
Descartes, Rene
philosophy
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
habeas corpus
Parliament
Endecott, John
Massachusetts
Puritanism
Salem (Massachusetts)
United States, history of the (I)
France, history of
Huguenots
La Rochelle
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
Parliament
Asia, history of (I)
Bhutan
Tibet (Xizang)
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Gustav II Adolf, King of Sweden (Gustavus Adolphus)
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Thirty Years' War
Boston
Massachusetts
Massachusetts Bay Company
Puritanism
United States, history of the (I)
Winthrop (family)
Hamadan
Iran
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Turks
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Gustav II Adolf, King of Sweden (Gustavus Adolphus)
Holy Roman Empire
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Thirty Years' War
Tilly, Johann Tserclaes, Graf von
France, history of
Marie de Medicis
Medici (family)
Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal et Duc de
Agra
Indian art and architecture
Mogul art and architecture
Moguls (dynasty)
Shah Jahan, Mogul Emperor of India
Taj Mahal
newspaper
Paris (France)
publishing
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
English art and architecture
Flemish art and architecture
portraiture
van Dyck, Sir Anthony
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Maryland
United States, history of the (I)
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Oxenstierna, Axel, Count
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Dutch art and architecture
painting
Rembrandt
Europe, history of (I)
Gustav II Adolf, King of Sweden (Gustavus Adolphus)
Holy Roman Empire
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Thirty Years' War
Wallenstein, Albrecht Wenzel von
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Thirty Years' War
Tilly, Johann Tserclaes, Graf von
Connecticut
United States, history of the (I)
classicism
French art and architecture
painting
Poussin, Nicolas
Galileo Galilei
heresy
Inquisition
science, history of
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
Thirty Years' War
Wallenstein, Albrecht Wenzel von
exploration
Nicolet, Jean
United States, history of the (I)
Wisconsin
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Thirty Years' War
Maryland
Academie Francaise
France, history of
Paris (France)
Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal et Duc de
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Thirty Years' War
Asia, history of (I)
Taiwan
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Prague
Thirty Years' War
Boston Latin School
education
Boston
Harvard University
United States, history of the (I)
university
Providence
Puritanism
Rhode Island
United States, history of the (I)
Williams, Roger
Asia, history of (I)
Sri Lanka
Harlem
Manhattan (New York City)
New York (city)
Cid, The
Corneille, Pierre
drama
French literature
Europe, history of (I)
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
Endecott, John
Indian Wars
Pequot
Pequot War
United States, history of the (I)
heresy
Hutchinson, Anne
Massachusetts
United States, history of the (I)
analytic geometry
Descartes, Rene
Discourse on Method
mathematics, history of
science, history of
music
opera
opera house
Venice
Connecticut
Davenport, John
Eaton, Theophilus
New Haven
United States, history of the (I)
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Thirty Years' War
Delaware (state)
Delaware River
New Sweden
United States, history of the (I)
Wilmington (Delaware)
Baghdad
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Turks
almanac
printing
publishing
Bishops' Wars
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Covenanters
Great Britain, history of
Scotland
Iran
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Cambridge (Massachusetts)
printing
United States, history of the (I)
Japan, history of
Nagasaki
Tokugawa (family)
coal and coal mining
coke
technology, history of
exploration
Russia, history of
Siberia
Bishops' Wars
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Covenanters
Great Britain, history of
Scotland
John IV, King of Portugal
Philip IV, King of Spain
Portugal, history of
Spain, history of
Bay Psalm Book
book
Ireland, history of
Ulster
Asia, history of (I)
Malaysia
Melaka
Moluccas
France, history of
Mazarin, Jules
Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal et Duc de
Dutch art and architecture
painting
Rembrandt
exploration
New Zealand, history of
Tasman, Abel Janszoon
Tasmania
Canada, history of
Maisonneuve, Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de
Montreal
Cavaliers
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
English Civil War
Great Britain, history of
Roundheads
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Thirty Years' War
Torstenson, Lennart
Christian IV, King of Denmark
Denmark
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
barometer
physics, history of
science, history of
Torricelli, Evangelista
Anne of Austria
France, history of
Louis XIV, King of France
Indian languages, American
United States, history of the (I)
Williams, Roger
Indian Wars
Massachusetts
New England
United States, history of the (I)
Dalai Lama
Lamaist art and architecture
Lhasa
Tibet (Xizang)
French colonial empire
Madagascar
Pennsylvania
French art and architecture
landscape painting
Lorrain, Claude
Descartes, Rene
philosophy
baroque art and architecture
Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo
Italian art and architecture
sculpture
Cavaliers
Cromwell, Oliver
English Civil War
Great Britain, history of
Roundheads
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Asia, history of (I)
Beijing (Peking)
China, history of
Qing (Ch'ing dynasty)
Alexis, Tsar of Russia
Michael, Tsar of Russia
Romanov (dynasty)
Russia, history of
Indian Wars
New Netherland
adding machine
mathematics, history of
Pascal, Blaise
technology, history of
Cavaliers
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Cromwell, Oliver
English Civil War
Great Britain, history of
Roundheads
Denmark
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Thirty Years' War
baroque art and architecture
Murillo, Bartolome Esteban
painting
Spanish art and architecture
Cavaliers
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Cromwell, Oliver
English Civil War
Great Britain, history of
Roundheads
Bavaria
Europe, history of (I)
Prague
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Thirty Years' War
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
English Civil War
Great Britain, history of
Scotland
New Netherland
Stuyvesant, Peter
United States, history of the (I)
Christian IV, King of Denmark
Denmark
Frederick III, King of Denmark
Scandinavia, history of
Fox, George
Friends, Society of
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
witchcraft
craft
labor unions
Italy, history of
Naples
Naples, Kingdom of
Spain, history of
Bering Strait
exploration
Russia, history of
Low Countries, history of the
Netherlands
Switzerland
Bahama Islands
Great Britain, history of
Anne of Austria
France, history of
Fronde
Mazarin, Jules
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
English Civil War
Great Britain, history of
Scotland
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Scandinavia, history of
Thirty Years' War
Westphalia, Peace of
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Cromwell, Oliver
English Civil War
Great Britain, history of
Cromwell, Oliver
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Charles II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Covenanters
English Civil War
Great Britain, history of
Scotland
Italian music
music
oratorio
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Nuremberg
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Thirty Years' War
Japanese art and architecture
Moronobu
Ukiyo-e
coffee
Great Britain, history of
London (England)
fishing industry
whaling
Charles II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Covenanters
English Civil War
Great Britain, history of
Scotland
Worcester (city in England)
Hobbes, Thomas
Leviathan
philosophy
state (in political philosophy)
Africa, history of (I)
Cape Town
South Africa
Anglo-Dutch Wars
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
Navigation Acts
abolitionists
Rhode Island
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
fishing
Walton, Izaak
dance
French music
Lully, Jean Baptiste
minuet
ballet
France, history of
Louis XIV, King of France
Cromwell, Oliver
English Civil War
Great Britain, history of
North Carolina
United States, history of the (I)
Virginia
Manhattan (New York City)
New York (city)
Wall Street
Fermat, Pierre de
mathematics, history of
Pascal, Blaise
probability
Jansenism
Pascal, Blaise
philosophy
Poland
Russia, history of
Ukraine
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Brazil
Latin America, history of
Portugal, history of
Anglo-Dutch Wars
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
immigration
Jews
Delaware (state)
New Sweden
Stuyvesant, Peter
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
Jamaica
Spain, history of
Poland
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Warsaw
painting
Spanish art and architecture
Velazquez, Diego
Amsterdam
philosophy
Spinoza, Baruch
synagogue
clocks and watches
Huygens, Christiaan
technology, history of
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Spain, history of
baroque art and architecture
Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo
Italian art and architecture
Saint Peter's Basilica
Charles X, King of Sweden
Poland
Sweden
Denmark
Holy Roman Empire
Russia, history of
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Guericke, Otto von
science, history of
vacuum
Charles X, King of Sweden
Poland
Sweden
Copenhagen
Denmark
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Aurangzeb, Mogul Emperor of India
India, history of
Moguls (dynasty)
Shah Jahan, Mogul Emperor of India
Dutch art and architecture
genre painting
Vermeer, Jan
anatomy
blood
science, history of
Swammerdam, Jan
Africa, history of (I)
Senegal
Senegal River
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Cromwell, Oliver
Cromwell, Richard
Great Britain, history of
Minnesota
Radisson, Pierre Esprit
United States, history of the (I)
Cromwell, Richard
Great Britain, history of
France, history of
Pyrenees
Spain, history of
Charles II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
Parliament
Restoration
Africa, history of (I)
Afrikaners
South Africa
diary
English literature (I)
Pepys, Samuel
Brandenburg
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (the Great Elector)
Germany, history of
Poland
Prussia
France, history of
Louis XIV, King of France
Spain, history of
Jersey City
New Jersey
Stuyvesant, Peter
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Bambara kingdoms
Niger
Niger River
Copenhagen
Denmark
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Austria
Brandenburg
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (the Great Elector)
Germany, history of
Poland
Scandinavia, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Wisconsin
Charles II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Cromwell, Oliver
Great Britain, history of
China, history of
Taiwan
China, history of
Kangxi, Emperor of China (K'ang-hsi)
Qing (Ch'ing dynasty)
Bombay
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Algonquin
Bible
Indian languages, American
United States, history of the (I)
Indians, American (I)
Massasoit
Wampanoag
Charles II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Royal Society
science, history of
Dunkerque
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
French art and architecture
garden
landscape architecture
Le Notre, Andre
Versailles, Palace of
Boyle, Robert
chemistry, history of
gas laws
Africa, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Morocco (nation)
Tangier
Drury Lane Theatre
London (England)
theater, history of the
art
Dutch art and architecture
painting
Rembrandt
Dutch art and architecture
genre painting
Steen, Jan
Europe, history of (I)
Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Turks
North Carolina
South Carolina
United States, history of the (I)
Navigation Acts
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
New Netherland
New York (city)
Stuyvesant, Peter
United States, history of the (I)
Austria
Europe, history of (I)
Ottoman Empire
Colbert, Jean Baptiste
East India Company, French
France, history of
Albany (New York)
New Netherland
United States, history of the (I)
France, history of
monasticism
Trappists
bubonic plague
Great Britain, history of
London (England)
Charles II, King of Spain
Habsburg (dynasty)
Philip IV, King of Spain
Spain, history of
Dutch art and architecture
genre painting
Ter Borch, Gerard
Great Britain, history of
Portugal, history of
Spain, history of
Colbert, Jean Baptiste
France, history of
Louis XIV, King of France
Hooke, Robert
microscope
science, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Kongo, Kingdom of
Portugal, history of
Anglo-Dutch Wars
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
horse racing
Long Island
sports, history of
calculus
mathematics, history of
Newton, Sir Isaac
science, history of
fire engine
fire prevention and control
Great Britain, history of
London (England)
drama
French literature
Misanthrope, The
Moliere
Connecticut
New Jersey
Puritanism
United States, history of the (I)
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Sabbatai Zevi
Africa, history of (I)
Morocco (nation)
Anglo-Dutch Wars
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
English literature (I)
Milton, John
Paradise Lost
poetry
Basho
haiku
Japanese literature
poetry
Devolution, War of
France, history of
Louis XIV, King of France
Low Countries, history of the
Netherlands
French art and architecture
Louis XIV, King of France
Louvre
museums, art
Salon
cathedrals and churches
Latin American art and architecture
Mexico City
Iran
Middle East, history of the (I)
Safavids
Brooklyn
New York (city)
Latin America, history of
Manhattan (New York City)
New Netherland
Suriname
Anglo-Dutch Wars
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
Anglo-Dutch Wars
Breda
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
astronomy, history of
observatory, astronomical
Paris Observatory
Devolution, War of
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
Sweden
Triple Alliance
Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaties of
Devolution, War of
Flanders (province in France)
France, history of
Lisbon
Portugal, history of
Spain, history of
fable
French literature
La Fontaine, Jean de
Marquette, Jacques
Michigan
Sault Sainte Marie (Michigan)
United States, history of the (I)
John II, King of Poland (John Casimir)
Poland
alchemy
chemistry, history of
phosphorus
baroque art and architecture
French art and architecture
Le Vau, Louis
Louis XV, King of France
Versailles, Palace of
Etna, Mount
Italy, history of
volcano
Crete
Ottoman Empire
Turks
Venice
cathedrals and churches
English art and architecture
Saint Paul's Cathedral
Wren, Sir Christopher
Cossacks
Don Cossacks
Razin, Stenka
Russia, history of
Charleston (South Carolina)
South Carolina
United States, history of the (I)
Canada, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hudson's Bay Company
Latin America, history of
Morgan, Sir Henry
Panama
Panama City
piracy
Canada, history of
exploration
New France
United States, history of the (I)
astronomy, history of
Cassini (family)
Paris Observatory
science, history of
army
France, history of
grenade
grenadier (military)
weapons
French music
Lully, Jean Baptiste
music
opera
Anglo-Dutch Wars
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
Low Countries, history of the
Netherlands
Orange (dynasty)
William III, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
calculus
differential calculus
integral calculus
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von
mathematics, history of
exploration
Great Lakes
Jolliet, Louis
Marquette, Jacques
Mississippi River
United States, history of the (I)
John III, King of Poland (John Sobieski)
Ottoman Empire
Poland
Turks
Great Britain, history of
Test Acts
Boston
New York (city)
postal services
United States, history of the (I)
New Netherland
New York (city)
United States, history of the (I)
France, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
John III, King of Poland (John Sobieski)
Poland
India, history of
Maharashtra
Maratha
Anglo-Dutch Wars
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
Orange (dynasty)
William III, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
New York (city)
United States, history of the (I)
Chicago (city)
Marquette, Jacques
Indian Wars
King Philip's War
United States, history of the (I)
Wampanoag
ethics
philosophy
Spinoza, Baruch
drama
English literature (I)
Restoration drama
Wycherley, William
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (the Great Elector)
Germany, history of
Prussia
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Indians, American (I)
Narragansett
Rhode Island
astronomy, history of
Greenwich (England)
observatory, astronomical
Royal Greenwich Observatory
astronomy, history of
light
Romer, Ole
science, history of
Indian Wars
King Philip's War
United States, history of the (I)
Wampanoag
India, history of
Moguls (dynasty)
Sikhs
Denmark
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Bacon's Rebellion
Jamestown
drama
Dryden, John
English literature (I)
Restoration drama
tragedy
drama
French literature
Racine, Jean
tragedy
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
Mary II, Queen of England
Orange (dynasty)
William III, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Canada, history of
exploration
Hennepin, Louis
Niagara Falls
United States, history of the (I)
allegory
Bunyan, John
English literature (I)
Pilgrim's Progress
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Hungary
France, history of
Low Countries, history of the
Nijmegen
Spain, history of
Great Britain, history of
habeas corpus
law, history of
Parliament
Cremona
Italian music
musical instruments
Stradivari (family)
violin
London (England)
theater, history of the
Comedie Francaise, La
Paris (France)
theater, history of the
Aurangzeb, Mogul Emperor of India
Hinduism
India, history of
Moguls (dynasty)
Rajput
Friends, Society of
Penn, William
Pennsylvania
United States, history of the (I)
Dryden, John
English literature (I)
poetry
satire
bird
dodo bird
astronomy, history of
comet
Halley's comet
Halley, Edmond
exploration
La Salle, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de
Mexico, Gulf of
Mississippi River
United States, history of the (I)
Peter I, Emperor of Russia (Peter the Great)
Russia, history of
France, history of
Louis XIV, King of France
Versailles, Palace of
Texas
United States, history of the (I)
Penn, William
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
United States, history of the (I)
China, history of
Kangxi, Emperor of China (K'ang-hsi)
Taiwan
Austria
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Turks
Vienna
Leeuwenhoek, Antoni van
microbiology
microscope
Protozoa
science, history of
Delaware (tribe)
Indians, American (I)
Penn, William
United States, history of the (I)
Mennonites
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
Africa, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Morocco (nation)
Tangier
Canada, history of
France, history of
La Salle, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de
Louisiana
United States, history of the (I)
Low Countries, history of the
Svalbard
whaling
Charles II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
James II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Harvard University
Mather (family)
United States, history of the (I)
Bunraku
Japan, history of
Osaka
puppet
theater, history of the
France, history of
Huguenots
Louis XIV, King of France
Nantes, Edict of
agriculture, history of
rice
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
James II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Monmouth, James Scott, Duke of
Great Britain, history of
Huguenots
silk
textile industry
United States, history of the (I)
Arkansas (state)
exploration
Tonty, Henri de
United States, history of the (I)
Augsburg, League of
Europe, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Holy Roman Empire
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Louis XIV, King of France
Budapest
Europe, history of (I)
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Turks
Charles II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
Gwynne, Nell
gravitation
laws of motion:
Newton, Sir Isaac
physics, history of
Principia
science, history of
Great Britain, history of
James II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Test Acts
earthquake
Latin America, history of
Lima
Peru
Glorious Revolution
Great Britain, history of
James II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
insurance
Lloyd's of London
London (England)
France, history of
Heidelberg
Holy Roman Empire
Louis XIV, King of France
Glorious Revolution
Great Britain, history of
James II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Orange (dynasty)
William III, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Aeneas
Dido
English music
music
opera
Purcell, Henry
China, history of
Kangxi, Emperor of China (K'ang-hsi)
Russia, history of
France, history of
Grand Alliance, War of the
Great Britain, history of
Louis XIV, King of France
Low Countries, history of the
William III, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
French and Indian Wars
United States, history of the (I)
Glorious Revolution
Great Britain, history of
Mary II, Queen of England
Orange (dynasty)
William III, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Boston
Harris, Benjamin
journalism
newspaper
publishing
United States, history of the (I)
Locke, John
philosophy
France, history of
Grand Alliance, War of the
Low Countries, history of the
Spain, history of
France, history of
Grand Alliance, War of the
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
Boyne, Battle of the
Glorious Revolution
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
James II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
William III, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Mennonites
paper
Pennsylvania
French and Indian Wars
Grand Alliance, War of the
Schenectady
William III, King of the Netherlands
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Limerick (city)
earthquake
Jamaica
Kingston (Jamaica)
clan
Glencoe, Massacre of
Great Britain, history of
Scotland
Salem (Massachusetts)
Salem Witch Trials
United States, history of the (I)
witchcraft
Blair, James
United States, history of the (I)
Virginia
Virginia, state universities and colleges of
Williamsburg
classification, biological
Ray, John
science, history of
Academie Francaise
dictionary
French literature
Bank of England
banking systems
Great Britain, history of
Asia, history of (I)
Kamchatka Peninsula
Russia, history of
Ottoman Empire
Peter I, Emperor of Russia (Peter the Great)
Russia, history of
Russo-Turkish Wars
Turks
China, history of
Kangxi, Emperor of China (K'ang-hsi)
Mongols
France, history of
Grand Alliance, War of the
Louis XIV, King of France
Low Countries, history of the
William III, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Florida
Pensacola
United States, history of the (I)
Augustus II, King of Poland
Poland
Saxony
children's literature
fairy tale
French literature
Mother Goose
nursery rhymes
Perrault, Charles
Peter I, Emperor of Russia (Peter the Great)
Russia, history of
Eugene of Savoy
Habsburg (dynasty)
Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Turks
France, history of
Grand Alliance, War of the
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
French and Indian Wars
Grand Alliance, War of the
New England
William III, King of the Netherlands
France, history of
Haiti
Hispaniola
Spain, history of
Calcutta
East India Company, British
India, history of
Peter I, Emperor of Russia (Peter the Great)
Russia, history of
pump
Savery, Thomas
steam engine
technology, history of
Austria
Koprulu (family)
Ottoman Empire
Peter I, Emperor of Russia (Peter the Great)
Poland
Russia, history of
Russo-Turkish Wars
Venice
Japanese art and architecture
Kenzan
kiln
pottery and porcelain
calendar
Peter I, Emperor of Russia (Peter the Great)
Russia, history of
Australia, history of
Dampier, William
exploration
Louisiana
Mississippi
United States, history of the (I)
Charles II, King of Spain
Habsburg (dynasty)
Spain, history of
clarinet
music
musical instruments
wind instruments
Japan, history of
Kabuki
theater, history of the
Charles XII, King of Sweden
Narva
Northern War, Great
Peter I, Emperor of Russia (Peter the Great)
Russia, history of
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Bourbon (dynasty)
Louis XIV, King of France
Philip V, King of Spain
Spain, history of
Augustus II, King of Poland
Charles XII, King of Sweden
Denmark
Frederick IV, King of Denmark
Northern War, Great
Peter I, Emperor of Russia (Peter the Great)
Poland
Russia, history of
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Augustus II, King of Poland
Charles XII, King of Sweden
Denmark
Frederick IV, King of Denmark
Northern War, Great
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
United States, history of the (I)
architecture
French art and architecture
rococo style
Great Britain, history of
Kidd, Captain
piracy
privateering
Frederick I, King of Prussia
Germany, history of
Hohenzollern (dynasty)
Prussia
Cadillac, Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, Sieur de
Detroit
Great Britain, history of
Hanover (dynasty)
Settlement, Act of
Philip V, King of Spain
Spain, history of
Spanish Succession, War of the
Connecticut
New Haven
United States, history of the (I)
university
Yale University
Anne, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
William III, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Spain, history of
Spanish Succession, War of the
Indiana
United States, history of the (I)
Vincennes
Vincennes, Francois Marie Bissot, Sieur de
Anne, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Florida
French and Indian Wars
Saint Augustine
United States, history of the (I)
Camisards
France, history of
Huguenots
France, history of
Spanish Succession, War of the
Villars, Claude Louis Hector, Duc de
Great Britain, history of
journalism
London (England)
newspaper
publishing
New Jersey
United States, history of the (I)
Austria
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Habsburg (dynasty)
Spain, history of
Spanish Succession, War of the
Buckingham Palace
English art and architecture
Great Britain, history of
Peter I, Emperor of Russia (Peter the Great)
Russia, history of
Saint Petersburg (Russia)
Augustus II, King of Poland
Northern War, Great
Poland
Stanislaw I, King of Poland
color
light
Newton, Sir Isaac
optics
physics, history of
science, history of
Boston
Campbell, John
journalism
newspaper
publishing
United States, history of the (I)
Austria
Blenheim, Battle of
Eugene of Savoy
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of
Spanish Succession, War of the
Gibraltar
Great Britain, history of
Spain, history of
Spanish Succession, War of the
French and Indian Wars
United States, history of the (I)
astronomy, history of
comet
Halley's comet
Halley, Edmond
Barcelona
Great Britain, history of
Spain, history of
Spanish Succession, War of the
Eugene of Savoy
France, history of
Italy, history of
Spanish Succession, War of the
Turin
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of
Spanish Succession, War of the
Aurangzeb, Mogul Emperor of India
India, history of
Moguls (dynasty)
England
Great Britain, history of
Scotland
John V, King of Portugal (John the Magnanimous)
Peter II, King of Portugal
Portugal, history of
earthquake
Fuji, Mount
Japan, history of
volcano
Acadia
Canada, history of
French and Indian Wars
Nova Scotia
Berwick, James Fitzjames, Duke of
Spain, history of
Spanish Succession, War of the
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of
Spanish Succession, War of the
Vendome, Louis Joseph, Duc de
India, history of
Moguls (dynasty)
Sikhs
Balearic Islands
Great Britain, history of
Minorca
Spain, history of
Spanish Succession, War of the
blast furnace
casting
coke
Darby (family)
iron and steel industry
technology, history of
Charles XII, King of Sweden
Northern War, Great
Ottoman Empire
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Italian music
keyboard instruments
music
musical instruments
piano
Charles XII, King of Sweden
Northern War, Great
Peter I, Emperor of Russia (Peter the Great)
Poltava
Russia, history of
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of
Spanish Succession, War of the
copyright
Great Britain, history of
law
law, history of
Augustus II, King of Poland
Northern War, Great
Poland
Stanislaw I, King of Poland
Charles XII, King of Sweden
Northern War, Great
Ottoman Empire
Russia, history of
Russo-Turkish Wars
Scandinavia, history of
Turks
France, history of
Spain, history of
Spanish Succession, War of the
Vendome, Louis Joseph, Duc de
Berkeley, George
empiricism
philosophy
Acadia
Canada, history of
French and Indian Wars
Nova Scotia
Dresden
German art and architecture
Meissen ware
pottery and porcelain
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
Alabama
Bienville, Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de
Mobile (Alabama)
United States, history of the (I)
French and Indian Wars
North Carolina
Tuscarora
United States, history of the (I)
North Carolina
South Carolina
United States, history of the (I)
Indian Wars
Tuscarora
Augustan age
English literature (I)
mock epic
poetry
Pope, Alexander
Rape of the Lock, The
New England
whale
whaling
Austria
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Pragmatic Sanction
Acadia
Canada, history of
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Newfoundland (Canadian province)
Nova Scotia
Spanish Succession, War of the
Frederick I, King of Prussia
Frederick William I, King of Prussia
Germany, history of
Prussia
Italy, history of
Savoy (dynasty)
Sicily
Spanish Succession, War of the
Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy
Gibraltar
Great Britain, history of
Minorca
Spain, history of
Spanish Succession, War of the
Africa, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
slavery
Spain, history of
Spanish Succession, War of the
Utrecht, Peace of
Anne, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland
French and Indian Wars
Spanish Succession, War of the
baroque music
English music
German and Austrian music
Handel, George Frideric
music
Anne, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland
George I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
Hanover (dynasty)
tea
Great Britain, history of
Jacobites
Scotland
Stuart (family)
Stuart, James Francis Edward
France, history of
Louis XIV, King of France
Louis XV, King of France
Orleans, Philippe II, Duc d'
French literature
Lesage, Alain Rene
Chikamatsu Monzaemon
Japanese literature
France, history of
Louis XV, King of France
Orleans, Philippe II, Duc d'
French and Indian Wars
United States, history of the (I)
Yamasee
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Europe, history of (I)
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Indian Wars
South Carolina
Yamasee
theater, history of the
Virginia
Williamsburg
Ahmed III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Belgrade
Eugene of Savoy
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Turks
French art and architecture
landscape painting
Watteau, Antoine
France, history of
Law, John
Mississippi Scheme
Italy, history of
Sardinia
Sicily
Spain, history of
fraternal societies
freemasonry
Great Britain, history of
secret societies
Charles XII, King of Sweden
Northern War, Great
Norway
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Latin America, history of
New Granada
Spain, history of
Ahmed III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Blackbeard
piracy
privateering
United States, history of the (I)
Virginia
Bienville, Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de
Louisiana
New Orleans
United States, history of the (I)
San Antonio
Texas
United States, history of the (I)
Europe, history of (I)
Quadruple Alliance
Spain, history of
Bastille
drama
French literature
tragedy
Voltaire
Defoe, Daniel
English literature (I)
novel
Robinson Crusoe
Europe, history of (I)
Holy Roman Empire
Liechtenstein
cricket (game)
Kent
London (England)
sports, history of
Italy, history of
Quadruple Alliance
Sardinia
Sicily
Spain, history of
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Tibet (Xizang)
Austria
Italy, history of
Sardinia
Sardinia, Kingdom of
Savoy (dynasty)
Sicily
Spanish Succession, War of the
Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy
Bach, Johann Sebastian
baroque music
Brandenburg
concerto
German and Austrian music
music
Italian music
music
opera
Scarlatti (family)
Africa, history of (I)
France, history of
Mauritius
Northern War, Great
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
Easter Island
exploration
Samoa (archipelago)
Defoe, Daniel
English literature (I)
Moll Flanders
novel
Afghanistan
Asia, history of (I)
Iran
Safavids
education
Indian schools, American
Indians, American (I)
Williamsburg
United States, history of the (I)
Vermont
Friends, Society of
slavery
anti-Semitism
Jews
Louisiana
Bering Strait
Bering, Vitus Jonassen
exploration
Northeast Passage
bullfighting
Spain, history of
sports, history of
Catherine I, Empress of Russia
Menshikov, Aleksandr Danilovich, Prince
Peter I, Emperor of Russia (Peter the Great)
Russia, history of
English literature (I)
Greek literature, ancient
Homer
Odyssey
Pope, Alexander
Fleury, Andre Hercule de
France, history of
Louis XV, King of France
Augustan age
English literature (I)
Gulliver's Travels
Irish literature
satire
Swift, Jonathan
Latin America, history of
Montevideo
Uruguay
Catherine I, Empress of Russia
Menshikov, Aleksandr Danilovich, Prince
Russia, history of
George I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
George II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
Gibraltar
Great Britain, history of
Spain, history of
Bering Strait
Bering, Vitus Jonassen
exploration
Northeast Passage
Augustan age
Beggar's Opera, The
drama
English literature (I)
Gay, John
American art and architecture
colonial styles in North America
English art and architecture
Gibbs, James
chronometer
clocks and watches
Harrison, John
navigation
technology, history of
Corsica
France, history of
Genoa
Italy, history of
Denmark
Greenland
Baltimore
Maryland
United States, history of the (I)
India, history of
Karachi
Pakistan
Canaletto
Italian art and architecture
landscape painting
Venice
American art and architecture
Independence Hall
Philadelphia
United States, history of the (I)
Anna, Empress of Russia
Russia, history of
French literature
novel
Prevost, Abbe
navigation
quadrant
technology, history of
periodical
publishing
almanac
American literature
Franklin, Benjamin
Philadelphia
Poor Richard's Almanack
Covent Garden
English music
music
opera
Iran
Nadir Shah
Safavids
fountains
Italian art and architecture
Rome (Italy)
Salvi, Nicola
Trevi Fountain
English art and architecture
engraving
graphic arts
Hogarth, William
Georgia (U.S.A.)
Oglethorpe, James
Savannah (Georgia)
United States, history of the (I)
Kay, John
loom
technology, history of
textile industry
weaving
Baghdad
Iran
Iraq
Nadir Shah
Ottoman Empire
Turks
Louis XV, King of France
Poland
Stanislaw I, King of Poland
Augustus III, King of Poland
Poland
Polish Succession, War of the
Stanislaw I, King of Poland
Augustus III, King of Poland
Poland
Polish Succession, War of the
Stanislaw I, King of Poland
chemistry, history of
element
platinum
transition elements
atmosphere
atmospheric sciences
Hadley cell
China, history of
Qianlong (Ch'ien-lung)
Qing (Ch'ing dynasty)
French art and architecture
La Tour, Maurice Quentin de
portraiture
Voltaire
Iran
Nadir Shah
Euler, Leonhard
mathematics, history of
science, history of
Richmond
United States, history of the (I)
Virginia
French art and architecture
pottery and porcelain
Sevres ware
Bernoulli's Law
Bernoulli, Daniel
fluid mechanics
science, history of
Great Awakening
Methodism
revivalism
United States, history of the (I)
Whitefield, George
Augustus III, King of Poland
Poland
Polish Succession, War of the
Stanislaw I, King of Poland
Vienna
archaeology
Herculaneum
Italy, history of
Rome, ancient
Methodism
Wesley (family)
French and Indian Wars
Great Britain, history of
Spain, history of
Great Britain, history of
Spain, history of
Vernon, Edward
West Indies
India, history of
Iran
Moguls (dynasty)
Nadir Shah
New Delhi
Anna, Empress of Russia
Elizabeth, Empress of Russia
Russia, history of
Austria
Austrian Succession, War of the
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Maria Theresa
English literature (I)
novel
Pamela
Richardson, Samuel
Frederick II, King of Prussia (Frederick the Great)
Germany, history of
Prussia
Austrian Succession, War of the
Frederick II, King of Prussia (Frederick the Great)
Germany, history of
Habsburg (dynasty)
Prussia
Silesia
Austria
Austrian Succession, War of the
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Maria Theresa
empiricism
Hume, David
philosophy
Florida
Oglethorpe, James
United States, history of the (I)
baroque music
English music
Handel, George Frideric
music
oratorio
Austrian Succession, War of the
Bavaria
France, history of
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Prussia
Spain, history of
Alaska
Bering Sea
Bering, Vitus Jonassen
exploration
Georgia (U.S.A.)
Oglethorpe, James
United States, history of the (I)
Austria
Austrian Succession, War of the
Frederick II, King of Prussia (Frederick the Great)
Germany, history of
Maria Theresa
Prussia
Silesia
Celsius scale
Celsius, Anders
temperature
Austrian Succession, War of the
Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Franklin, Benjamin
stove
technology, history of
bullfighting
Madrid
Spain, history of
sports, history of
France, history of
French and Indian Wars
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Islam
Wahhabism
Great Britain, history of
Jacobites
Scotland
Stuart (family)
Stuart, Charles Edward (Bonnie Prince Charlie)
etching
Italian art and architecture
Piranesi, Giovanni Battista
France, history of
Louis XV, King of France
Pompadour, Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de
Austria
Austrian Succession, War of the
Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
Maria Theresa
Canada, history of
French and Indian Wars
Louisbourg
Pepperrell, Sir William
Austria
Austrian Succession, War of the
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
Saxe, Maurice, Comte de
Austrian Succession, War of the
Dresden
Frederick II, King of Prussia (Frederick the Great)
Germany, history of
Prussia
Silesia
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Madras (city)
Great Britain, history of
Jacobites
Scotland
Stuart, Charles Edward (Bonnie Prince Charlie)
Bourbon (dynasty)
Ferdinand VI, King of Spain
Philip V, King of Spain
Spain, history of
New Jersey
Princeton
Princeton University
United States, history of the (I)
university
Asia, history of (I)
Iran
Nadir Shah
Appalachian Mountains
Ohio
Ohio Company
United States, history of the (I)
Afghanistan
Asia, history of (I)
Iran
Pathan
English art and architecture
Gainsborough, Thomas
portraiture
Montesquieu, Baron de la Brede et de
philosophy
state (in political philosophy)
Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaties of
Austria
Austrian Succession, War of the
Holy Roman Empire
English literature (I)
Fielding, Henry
novel
Tom Jones (novel)
commedia dell'arte
drama
Goldoni, Carlo
Italian literature
Canada, history of
Halifax
Nova Scotia
exploration
Gist, Christopher
Ohio
Ohio River
United States, history of the (I)
Appalachian Mountains
Cumberland Gap
frontier
Baal Shem Tov
Hasidism
Jews
Judaism
Iran
Shiraz
Conestoga
Pennsylvania
United States, history of the (I)
wagon
art
neoclassicism (art)
dance
dance, social:
waltz
English literature (I)
novel
picaresque novel
Smollett, Tobias
geology
Guettard, Jean Etienne
maps and mapmaking
pottery and porcelain
Worcester (city in England)
Worcester ware
Diderot, Denis
encyclopedia
Enlightenment
French literature
Franklin, Benjamin
lightning
Boucher, Francois
French art and architecture
painting
rococo style
Frederick I, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Italian art and architecture
painting
Tiepolo (family)
botany
classification, biological
Linnaeus, Carolus
British Museum
London (England)
museums, art
Independence Hall
Liberty Bell
Philadelphia
French and Indian Wars
Ohio
Ohio Company
United States, history of the (I)
Rastrelli, Bartolommeo Francesco
Russian art and architecture
Saint Petersburg (Russia)
Winter Palace
golf
Saint Andrews
Scotland
sports, history of
Chippendale, Thomas
English art and architecture
furniture
Georgian style
Casanova de Seingalt, Giovanni Giacomo
Venice
witchcraft
Corsica
France, history of
Paoli, Pasquale
dictionary
English literature (I)
Johnson, Samuel (writer)
lexicology and lexicography
Braddock, Edward
Fort Duquesne
French and Indian Wars
United States, history of the (I)
Acadia
Canada, history of
French and Indian Wars
Nova Scotia
earthquake
Lisbon
Portugal, history of
Bengal
Black Hole of Calcutta
Calcutta
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Canada, history of
French and Indian Wars
Great Lakes
Montcalm, Louis Joseph, Marquis de
United States, history of the (I)
Austria
Frederick II, King of Prussia (Frederick the Great)
Germany, history of
Maria Theresa
Prussia
Seven Years' War
Great Britain, history of
Pitt, William (the Elder)
prime minister
Austria
France, history of
Frederick II, King of Prussia (Frederick the Great)
Germany, history of
Prussia
Seven Years' War
Bengal
Clive, Robert
East India Company, British
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Canada, history of
Forbes, John
Fort Duquesne
French and Indian Wars
United States, history of the (I)
Asia, history of (I)
Myanmar
Rangoon
Canada, history of
French and Indian Wars
Montcalm, Louis Joseph, Marquis de
Ticonderoga
United States, history of the (I)
Enlightenment
French literature
Voltaire
English art and architecture
pottery and porcelain
Staffordshire ware
Wedgwood, Josiah
botanical garden
garden
Kew Gardens
Amherst, Jeffrey, Baron Amherst
Canada, history of
Fort Niagara
French and Indian Wars
Montcalm, Louis Joseph, Marquis de
Ticonderoga
United States, history of the (I)
Canada, history of
French and Indian Wars
Montcalm, Louis Joseph, Marquis de
Quebec (city)
Wolfe, James
Frederick II, King of Prussia (Frederick the Great)
Germany, history of
Prussia
Russia, history of
Seven Years' War
English literature (I)
epic
novel
Sterne, Laurence
Tristram Shandy
George II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
George III, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
Hanover (dynasty)
Amherst, Jeffrey, Baron Amherst
Canada, history of
France, history of
French and Indian Wars
Great Britain, history of
Montreal
Berlin
Frederick II, King of Prussia (Frederick the Great)
Germany, history of
Prussia
Russia, history of
Seven Years' War
classical period in music
Esterhazy (family)
German and Austrian music
Haydn, Franz Josef
music
Delaware Prophet
Indians, American (I)
Ohio
United States, history of the (I)
Cuba
Great Britain, history of
Philippines
Spain, history of
English art and architecture
painting
Stubbs, George
Catherine II, Empress of Russia (Catherine the Great)
Peter III, Emperor of Russia
Russia, history of
France, history of
Louisiana
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Enlightenment
French literature
philosophy
Rousseau, Jean Jacques
Elizabeth, Empress of Russia
Peter III, Emperor of Russia
Russia, history of
Austria
Germany, history of
Prussia
Russia, history of
Seven Years' War
classical period in music
German and Austrian music
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus
music
Vienna
Augustus III, King of Poland
Poland
Stanislaw II, King of Poland
Cuba
Florida
Great Britain, history of
Paris, treaties of
Philippines
Spain, history of
Canada, history of
France, history of
French and Indian Wars
Great Britain, history of
Paris, treaties of
United States, history of the (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Paris, treaties of
France, history of
Germany, history of
Paris, treaties of
Prussia
Seven Years' War
Silesia
Indian Wars
Ottawa (Indian tribe)
Pontiac's Rebellion
American Revolution
United States, history of the (I)
Delaware Prophet
Indian Wars
Pontiac's Rebellion
United States, history of the (I)
Canada, history of
Europe, history of (I)
French and Indian Wars
Paris, treaties of
Seven Years' War
United States, history of the (I)
Arabia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Saudi Arabia
Wahhabism
archaeology
German art and architecture
history
Winckelmann, Johann
Chatterton, Thomas
English literature (I)
literary fraud
Austria
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Boucher, Francois
French art and architecture
Louis XV, King of France
styles of Louis XIII-XVI
Great Britain, history of
Grenville, George
Stamp Act
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
United States, history of the (I)
Castle of Otranto, The
English literature (I)
Gothic romance
Walpole, Horace, 4th Earl of Orford
Bengal
Clive, Robert
East India Company, British
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Adams, Samuel
Sons of Liberty
Stamp Act
United States, history of the (I)
Blackstone, Sir William
common law
Great Britain, history of
law, history of
medicine, education in
Pennsylvania, University of
English literature (I)
Goldsmith, Oliver
Irish literature
Vicar of Wakefield, The
Cavendish, Henry
chemistry, history of
hydrogen
Fragonard, Jean Honore
French art and architecture
painting
styles of Louis XIII-XVI
German literature
Laocoon
Lessing, Gotthold
American Revolution
Great Britain, history of
Parliament
Rockingham, Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2d Marquess of
United States, history of the (I)
longitude
Nautical Almanac
navigation
American Revolution
Great Britain, history of
Sons of Liberty
Stamp Act
United States, history of the (I)
classical period in music
German and Austrian music
Gluck, Christoph Willibald
music
opera
Jews
Mendelssohn, Moses
philosophy
Bangkok
Burmese
Myanmar
Thailand
Maryland
Mason-Dixon line
Pennsylvania
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Great Britain, history of
taxation
Townshend Acts
United States, history of the (I)
Corsica
France, history of
Genoa
Paoli, Pasquale
academies of art
English art and architecture
Reynolds, Sir Joshua
Bougainville, Louis Antoine de
France, history of
Tahiti
Ottoman Empire
Russia, history of
Russo-Turkish Wars
encyclopedia
publishing
Boone, Daniel
Cumberland Gap
exploration
United States, history of the (I)
Corsica
France, history of
Paoli, Pasquale
condenser
Industrial Revolution
patent
steam engine
technology, history of
Watt, James
Indians, American (I)
Ottawa (Indian tribe)
Pontiac's Rebellion
United States, history of the (I)
Arkwright, Sir Richard
Industrial Revolution
spinning
technology, history of
textile industry
weaving
du Barry, Jeanne Becu, Comtesse
France, history of
Louis XV, King of France
Gurkha
Nepal
California
San Diego
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Boston
Boston Massacre
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Bruce, James
exploration
Nile River
Tana, Lake
English art and architecture
Gainsborough, Thomas
portraiture
Australia, history of
Botany Bay
Cook, James
exploration
New Zealand, history of
Great Britain, history of
North, Lord
prime minister
France, history of
Louis XVI, King of France
Marie Antoinette
American Revolution
Great Britain, history of
Parliament
Townshend Acts
United States, history of the (I)
American art and architecture
Jefferson, Thomas
Monticello
Virginia
North Carolina
Regulators
United States, history of the (I)
Gustav III, King of Sweden
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
American art and architecture
West, Benjamin
Wolfe, James
English art and architecture
Johnson, Samuel (writer)
portraiture
Reynolds, Sir Joshua
Austria
Poland
Poland, Partitions of
Prussia
Russia, history of
American Revolution
Boston
Boston Tea Party
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
drama
English literature (I)
Goldsmith, Oliver
Irish literature
She Stoops to Conquer
Calcutta
East India Company, British
India, history of
Catherine II, Empress of Russia (Catherine the Great)
Don Cossacks
Pugachev, Yemelian Ivanovich
Russia, history of
Clement XIV, Pope
Jesuits
papacy
Antarctica
Cook, James
exploration
American Revolution
Boston
Boston Tea Party
Great Britain, history of
Intolerable Acts
United States, history of the (I)
chemistry, history of
oxygen
Priestley, Joseph
science, history of
American Revolution
Burke, Edmund
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
German literature
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
novel
Sorrows of Young Werther, The
France, history of
Louis XV, King of France
Louis XVI, King of France
Canada, history of
Carleton, Guy, 1st Baron Dorchester
freedom of religion
Quebec Act
Ottoman Empire
Russia, history of
Russo-Turkish Wars
Turkey (country)
American Revolution
Continental Congress
Great Britain, history of
Intolerable Acts
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Henry, Patrick
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Canada, history of
Great Britain, history of
Montgomery, Richard
Montreal
Quebec (city)
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Great Britain, history of
Lexington and Concord, Battles of
minutemen
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Bunker Hill, Battle of
Great Britain, history of
Howe, William Howe, 5th Viscount
minutemen
Putnam, Israel
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Great Britain, history of
Lexington and Concord, Battles of
Revere, Paul
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Continental Congress
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, George
American Revolution
navy
United States, history of the (I)
Allen, Ethan
American Revolution
Green Mountain Boys
Ticonderoga
Continental Congress
postal services
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
George III, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Allegheny Mountains
Boone, Daniel
United States, history of the (I)
Wilderness Road
Indians, American (I)
San Diego
United States, history of the (I)
Lee, Ann
New York (state)
Shakers
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Boston
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Charleston (South Carolina)
Clinton, Sir Henry
Great Britain, history of
South Carolina
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Bushnell, David
Great Britain, history of
submarine
Turtle (submarine)
United States, history of the (I)
economics
Smith, Adam
Wealth of Nations, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, The History of the
English literature (I)
Gibbon, Edward
history
Rome, ancient
Black Sea
Potemkin, Grigory Aleksandrovich
Russia, history of
American Revolution
Delaware River
Great Britain, history of
Howe, William Howe, 5th Viscount
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, George
American Revolution
Great Britain, history of
Howe, William Howe, 5th Viscount
Long Island, Battle of
New York (city)
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, George
American Revolution
Continental Congress
Declaration of Independence
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Common Sense
Paine, Thomas
pamphlet
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Great Britain, history of
New Jersey
Princeton
Trenton
Trenton, Battle of
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, George
American Revolution
Delaware River
Washington, George
American Revolution
New York (city)
United States, history of the (I)
California
San Francisco
United States, history of the (I)
Colorado (state)
New Spain
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
North Carolina
United States, history of the (I)
Continental Congress
United States, history of the (I)
Phi Beta Kappa
American Revolution
Burgoyne, John
Gates, Horatio
Great Britain, history of
New York (state)
Saratoga, Battles of
United States, history of the (I)
Christianity
Korea, history of
chemistry, history of
Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent
nitrogen
oxygen
American Revolution
Burgoyne, John
Great Britain, history of
Pennsylvania
Ticonderoga
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Continental Congress
Great Britain, history of
Howe, William Howe, 5th Viscount
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Brandywine, Battle of the
Great Britain, history of
Howe, William Howe, 5th Viscount
Pennsylvania
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, George
American Revolution
Continental Congress
flag
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Continental Congress
Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Pennsylvania
United States, history of the (I)
Valley Forge
Washington, George
American Revolution
Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess
Princeton
Washington, George
American Revolution
Articles of Confederation
Continental Congress
American Revolution
Declaration of Independence
France, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Bible
printing
publishing
American Revolution
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
hypnosis
medicine, history of
Mesmer, Franz Anton
Paris (France)
American art and architecture
Copley, John Singleton
painting
Italian music
La Scala
Milan
opera
opera house
Equatorial Guinea
Portugal, history of
Spain, history of
Cook, James
exploration
Hawaii (island)
American Revolution
Savannah (Georgia)
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Indians, American (I)
New York (state)
Sullivan, John
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Great Britain, history of
Jones, John Paul
United States, history of the (I)
Cook, James
exploration
Great Britain, history of
Hawaii (state)
American Revolution
Clark, George Rogers
Great Britain, history of
Indiana
United States, history of the (I)
Vincennes
American Revolution
Norfolk (Virginia)
Portsmouth (Virginia)
United States, history of the (I)
Europe, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Spain, history of
Crompton, Samuel
Industrial Revolution
spinning
technology, history of
textile industry
English literature (I)
Johnson, Samuel (writer)
poetry
Gibraltar
Great Britain, history of
Spain, history of
Africa, history of (I)
South Africa
American Revolution
Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess
Gates, Horatio
Great Britain, history of
South Carolina
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
North Carolina
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Andre, John
Arnold, Benedict
espionage
Great Britain, history of
United States Military Academy
United States, history of the (I)
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
American Revolution
Andre, John
Arnold, Benedict
espionage
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
guerrilla
Marion, Francis
North Carolina
South Carolina
Sumter, Thomas
United States, history of the (I)
electricity
electrochemistry
Galvani, Luigi
muscle
nervous system
science, history of
Austria
Bohemia
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Hungary
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Maria Theresa
Latin America, history of
Peru
American Revolution
Charleston (South Carolina)
Clinton, Sir Henry
Great Britain, history of
Lincoln, Benjamin
South Carolina
United States, history of the (I)
Derby, The
horse racing
sports, history of
American Revolution
Cowpens, Battle of
Great Britain, history of
Morgan, Daniel
United States, history of the (I)
Florida
Great Britain, history of
Spain, history of
American Revolution
Chesapeake Bay
astronomy, history of
Herschel, Sir William
planets and planetary systems
solar system
Uranus (astronomy)
Critique of Pure Reason
Kant, Immanuel
philosophy
Great Britain, history of
Hyder Ali
India, history of
Karnataka
Mysore (city)
American Revolution
Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess
France, history of
Grasse, Francois Joseph Paul, Comte de
Great Britain, history of
Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier
Rochambeau, Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, Comte de
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, George
Yorktown Campaign
American Revolution
Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess
France, history of
Grasse, Francois Joseph Paul, Comte de
Great Britain, history of
Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier
Rochambeau, Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, Comte de
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, George
Yorktown Campaign
Hawaii (state)
Kamehameha (dynasty)
American Revolution
Great Britain, history of
Paris (France)
Paris, treaties of
United States, history of the (I)
Florida
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Clark, George Rogers
Shawnee
United States, history of the (I)
abolitionists
Massachusetts
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
Asia, history of (I)
Bangkok
Thailand
Continental Congress
Great Seal of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Hyder Ali
India, history of
Karnataka
Mysore (city)
Tippu Sultan, Sultan of Mysore
Calabria
earthquake
Italy, history of
American Revolution
Great Britain, history of
Paris, treaties of
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
Congress of the United States
Continental Congress
Paris, treaties of
American Revolution
Great Britain, history of
New York (city)
United States, history of the (I)
American Revolution
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, George
aviation
balloon
hydrogen
technology, history of
Crimea
Ottoman Empire
Russia, history of
Russo-Turkish Wars
Turkey (country)
Florida
Great Britain, history of
Paris, treaties of
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
aviation
balloon
Montgolfier brothers
technology, history of
Great Britain, history of
Pitt, William (the Younger)
prime minister
Tory party
assembly line
automation
Evans, Oliver
mill
technology, history of
Beaumarchais, Caron de
drama
Figaro
French literature
Marriage of Figaro, The (play)
David, Jacques Louis
French art and architecture
neoclassicism (art)
painting
Alaska
Kodiak Island
Russia, history of
Russian-American Company
United States, history of the (I)
Jefferson, Thomas
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
abolitionists
Connecticut
Rhode Island
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
Methodism
religion
Wesley (family)
Cowper, William
English literature (I)
poetry
exploration
France, history of
La Perouse, Jean Francois de Galaup, Comte de
Northwest Passage
Pacific Ocean
aviation
balloon
Blanchard, Jean
English Channel
technology, history of
New York (city)
United States, history of the (I)
journalism
London (England)
newspaper
Times, The
Walter (family)
abolitionists
New York (state)
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
Massachusetts
Shays's Rebellion
United States, history of the (I)
Charles III, King of Spain
Goya, Francisco de
graphic arts
painting
Spanish art and architecture
Frederick II, King of Prussia (Frederick the Great)
Frederick William II, King of Prussia
Germany, history of
Prussia
Burns, Robert
poetry
Scottish literature
Great Britain, history of
Malaysia
Melaka
Penang
Singapore
Straits Settlements
Alps
Blanc, Mont
mountain climbing
abolitionists
New Jersey
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
Federalist, The
Hamilton, Alexander
Jay, John
Madison, James
United States, history of the (I)
Delaware River
ferry
Fitch, John
steamboat
technology, history of
United States, history of the (I)
classical period in music
Don Giovanni
German and Austrian music
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus
music
opera
American literature
comedy
drama
theater, history of the
Tyler, Royall
Africa, history of (I)
Freetown
Great Britain, history of
Sierra Leone
slavery
Constitution of the United States (I)
Constitutional Convention
Philadelphia
United States, history of the (I)
Continental Congress
Northwest Territory
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
Constitution of the United States (I)
Delaware (state)
United States, history of the (I)
Constitution of the United States (I)
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
United States, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Russia, history of
Russo-Turkish Wars
Turkey (country)
American Revolution
Canada, history of
Loyalists
United States, history of the (I)
Austria
Russia, history of
Russo-Turkish Wars
Turkey (country)
Australia, history of
Great Britain, history of
Phillip, Arthur
Sydney (Australia)
Constitution of the United States (I)
New Hampshire
United States, history of the (I)
Connecticut
Constitution of the United States (I)
Georgia (U.S.A.)
Massachusetts
United States, history of the (I)
Constitution of the United States (I)
Maryland
South Carolina
United States, history of the (I)
Constitution of the United States (I)
New York (state)
United States, history of the (I)
Virginia
Lagrange, Joseph Louis de
mathematics, history of
science, history of
classical period in music
German and Austrian music
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus
music
symphony
Gustav III, King of Sweden
Russia, history of
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
France, history of
French Revolution
Louis XVI, King of France
States-General
Hamilton, Alexander
Treasury, U.S. Department of the
United States, history of the (I)
Austria
Belgrade
Europe, history of (I)
Ottoman Empire
Turks
Blake, William
English literature (I)
poetry
romanticism (literature):
Songs of Innocence and of Experience
American art and architecture
French art and architecture
Houdon, Jean Antoine
Jefferson, Thomas
neoclassicism (art)
sculpture
Washington, George
Bentham, Jeremy
philosophy
utilitarianism
France, history of
French Revolution
Louis XVI, King of France
Bligh, William
Bounty
Great Britain, history of
mutiny
Mutiny on the Bounty (novel)
Pitcairn Island
Constitution of the United States (I)
Federalist party
United States, history of the (I)
Constitution of the United States (I)
North Carolina
United States, history of the (I)
Bill of Rights
France, history of
French Revolution
State, U.S. Department of
United States, history of the (I)
defense, national
Defense, U.S. Department of
United States, history of the (I)
Bastille
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
French Revolution
Louis XVI, King of France
Jay, John
law, history of
Supreme Court of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
New York (city)
Tammany Hall
United States, history of the (I)
Congress of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Thanksgiving Day
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Karnataka
Mysore (city)
Tippu Sultan, Sultan of Mysore
Adams, John (statesman)
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Washington, George
Austria
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
New England
Pacific Ocean
whale
whaling
New York (city)
Philadelphia
United States, history of the (I)
Gustav III, King of Sweden
Russia, history of
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
New York (city)
stock market
United States, history of the (I)
Wall Street
bolero
dance
dance, social:
Constitution of the United States (I)
Rhode Island
United States, history of the (I)
copyright
census
Commerce, U.S. Department of
Constitution of the United States (I)
Austria
Belgrade
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
Turks
Congress of the United States
Fugitive Slave Laws
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
Adams, John (statesman)
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Washington, George
Cao Xueqin (Ts'ao Hsueh ch'in)
Chinese literature
Dream of the Red Chamber, The
Austria
Holy Roman Empire
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
biography
Boswell, James
English literature (I)
Johnson, Samuel (writer)
Life of Samuel Johnson, The
France, history of
French Revolution
Louis XVI, King of France
Marie Antoinette
erotica
French literature
Justine
Sade, Marquis de
sadism:
Indian Wars
Little Turtle
Miami (Indian tribe)
St. Clair, Arthur
United States, history of the (I)
classical period in music
German and Austrian music
Magic Flute, The
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus
music
opera
American art and architecture
L'Enfant, Pierre Charles
United States, history of the (I)
urban planning and design
Washington, D.C.
Bill of Rights
Constitution of the United States (I)
United States, history of the (I)
Bank of the United States
Hamilton, Alexander
United States, history of the (I)
Canada, history of
Quebec (province)
French Revolution
Paine, Thomas
English art and architecture
furniture
Sheraton, Thomas
France, history of
Haiti
slavery
Toussaint L'Ouverture, Francois Dominique
United States, history of the (I)
Vermont
Banneker, Benjamin
District of Columbia
American art and architecture
Hoban, James
White House
American art and architecture
Bulfinch, Charles
federal style
Hartford
Austria
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Prussia
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, George
Denmark
slavery
mintage
money
Philadelphia
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb
idealism
metaphysics
philosophy
Gustav III, King of Sweden
Scandinavia, history of
Stockholm
Sweden
Democratic party
Federalist party
Jefferson, Thomas
United States, history of the (I)
Kentucky
United States, history of the (I)
English literature (I)
feminism
Vindication of the Rights of Woman, A
Wollstonecraft, Mary
women's rights movements
France, history of
French Revolution
Louis XVI, King of France
Paris (France)
Poland
Poland, Partitions of
Prussia
Russia, history of
lamp
lighting devices
technology, history of
Columbia River
exploration
Gray, Robert
United States, history of the (I)
France, history of
French Revolution
guillotine
republic
Austria
Dumouriez, Charles Francois du Perier
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Prussia
France, history of
French Revolution
republic
Ottoman Empire
Russia, history of
Russo-Turkish Wars
Turkey (country)
dollar
money
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
Paine, Thomas
treason
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
Sardinia
Spain, history of
agriculture, history of
cotton
cotton gin
technology, history of
Whitney, Eli
France, history of
metric system
weights and measures
army
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Corday, Charlotte
France, history of
French Revolution
Marat, Jean Paul
American art and architecture
Capitol of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, D.C.
Washington, George
aviation
balloon
Blanchard, Jean
Philadelphia
United States, history of the (I)
France, history of
French Revolution
Louis XVI, King of France
Marie Antoinette
Poland
Poland, Partitions of
Prussia
Russia, history of
semaphore
signaling
technology, history of
Great Britain, history of
Jay's Treaty
Jay, John
United States, history of the (I)
Lee (family)
Pennsylvania
United States, history of the (I)
Whiskey Rebellion
France, history of
French Revolution
Robespierre, Maximilien
Poland
Poland, Partitions of
Russia, history of
Corsica
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Great Britain, history of
Iran
Middle East, history of the (I)
Fallen Timbers, Battle of
Indian Wars
Little Turtle
United States, history of the (I)
Wayne, Anthony
American art and architecture
colonial styles in North America
painting
Peale (family)
classical period in music
German and Austrian music
Haydn, Franz Josef
music
symphony
Dominican Republic
France, history of
Haiti
Hispaniola
Bonaparte (family)
France, history of
French Revolution
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Prussia
Spain, history of
Africa, history of (I)
exploration
Gambia River
Niger River
Park, Mungo
geology
Hutton, James
science, history of
uniformitarianism
Mississippi
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Poland
Poland, Partitions of
Stanislaw II, King of Poland
Cape Province
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
South Africa
Barbary States
Tripolitan War
United States, history of the (I)
Directory
France, history of
French Revolution
England, Church of
Methodism
Austria
Poland
Poland, Partitions of
Prussia
Russia, history of
Jenner, Edward
medicine, history of
smallpox
vaccination
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, George
American art and architecture
dollar
portraiture
Stuart, Gilbert
Washington, George
Adams, John (statesman)
Jefferson, Thomas
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Austria
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Italy, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Sardinia
Beauharnais (family)
France, history of
Josephine
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Corsica
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
homeopathy
medicine, history of
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Great Britain, history of
Spain, history of
Tennessee
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
Sri Lanka
Cleveland (city)
Ohio
Austria
Belgium
Campo Formio, Treaty of
France, history of
Canada, history of
exploration
Mississippi River
North West Company
Thompson, David
French Revolutionary Wars
Great Britain, history of
Low Countries, history of the
Nelson, Horatio Nelson, Viscount
Spain, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Great Britain, history of
Spain, history of
Trinidad and Tobago
Directory
France, history of
Talleyrand-Perigord, Charles Maurice de
Campo Formio, Treaty of
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Austria
Campo Formio, Treaty of
Italy, history of
Venice
American literature
Brown, Charles Brockden
novel
Austria
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Great Britain, history of
Russia, history of
Turkey (country)
economics
Malthus, Thomas Robert
population
population dynamics
manufacturing, history of
mass production
musket
technology, history of
Whitney, Eli
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Helvetic Republic
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
Switzerland
Africa, history of (I)
Egypt
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Mamelukes
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
pyramids (in architecture)
Egypt
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Great Britain, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Nelson, Horatio Nelson, Viscount
Alien and Sedition Acts
Congress of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
France, history of
United States, history of the (I)
XYZ Affair
Mississippi
United States, history of the (I)
Congress of the United States
navy
United States, history of the (I)
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor
English literature (I)
Lyrical Ballads
poetry
Rime of the Ancient Mariner, The
Wordsworth, William
Lena River
mammoth
Russia, history of
Great Britain, history of
income tax
taxation
hotel
New York (city)
United States, history of the (I)
Acre (Israel)
Egypt
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Middle East, history of the (I)
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Ottoman Empire
Syria
Consulate
Directory
France, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Gujranwala
India, history of
Sikhs
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Italy, history of
Russia, history of
Suvorov, Aleksandr Vasilievich
Zurich
archaeology
Champollion, Jean Francois
Egyptology
hieroglyphics
Rosetta Stone
Alaska
fur trade
Russian-American Company
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Karnataka
Mysore (city)
Tippu Sultan, Sultan of Mysore
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, George
Gabriel (slave):
Richmond
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
France, history of
Louisiana
Louisiana Purchase
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
battery
electricity
electrochemistry
physics, history of
science, history of
volt
Volta, Alessandro, Count
Adams, John (statesman)
Burr, Aaron
Jefferson, Thomas
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Chapman, John
legend
Ohio River
United States, history of the (I)
French literature
Stael, Madame de
Cambaceres, Jean Jacques Regis de
France, history of
law, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Napoleonic Code
Austria
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Murat, Joachim
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
library
Library of Congress
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, D.C.
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, D.C.
census
United States, history of the (I)
Congress of the United States
library
Library of Congress
Alexander I, Emperor of Russia
Paul I, Emperor of Russia
Russia, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Barbary States
piracy
Tripolitan War
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Marshall, John
Supreme Court of the United States
Berthollet, Claude Louis, Comte de
chemical nomenclature
chemistry, history of
Proust, Joseph Louis
science, history of
Burr, Aaron
Jefferson, Thomas
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Copenhagen
Denmark
French Revolutionary Wars
Great Britain, history of
Nelson, Horatio Nelson, Viscount
Scandinavia, history of
Fulton, Robert
Nautilus (submarine)
submarine
technology, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Alexandria (Egypt)
Egypt
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Great Britain, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Austria
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
flag
Great Britain, history of
Union Jack
Hamilton, Alexander
New York (city)
newspaper
Chimborazo
Humboldt, Alexander von
mountain climbing
American art and architecture
colonial styles in North America
painting
West, Benjamin
French Revolutionary Wars
Great Britain, history of
Minorca
Spain, history of
Consulate
France, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Christophe, Henri
France, history of
Haiti
Toussaint L'Ouverture, Francois Dominique
Amiens, Treaty of
France, history of
French Revolutionary Wars
Great Britain, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Spain, history of
United States Military Academy
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Napoleonic Wars
atom
chemistry, history of
Dalton, John
science, history of
France, history of
Jefferson, Thomas
Louisiana
Louisiana Purchase
United States, history of the (I)
Australia, history of
exploration
Flinders, Matthew
Ohio
United States, history of the (I)
Northwest Territory
United States, history of the (I)
Dublin (city in Ireland)
Emmet, Robert
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Burr, Aaron
duel
Hamilton, Alexander
United States, history of the (I)
Dessalines, Jean Jacques
France, history of
Haiti
Petion, Alexandre Sabes
locomotive
railroad
technology, history of
transportation
Trevithick, Richard
Austria
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Africa, history of (I)
Hausa
Nigeria
Usman dan Fodio
Clinton (family)
Jefferson, Thomas
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Clark, William (explorer)
exploration
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis, Meriwether
United States, history of the (I)
Bonaparte (family)
France, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Ottoman Empire
Serbia
Turks
Cambaceres, Jean Jacques Regis de
civil law
France, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Napoleonic Code
Africa, history of (I)
Barbary States
Decatur, Stephen
Tripoli (Libya)
Tripolitan War
United States, history of the (I)
Clark, William (explorer)
exploration
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis, Meriwether
Pacific Ocean
United States, history of the (I)
Austria
France, history of
Napoleonic Wars
Austria
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Napoleonic Wars
Russia, history of
Sweden
Indiana
Michigan
United States, history of the (I)
Clinton (family)
Jefferson, Thomas
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Barbary States
Tripoli (Libya)
Tripolitan War
Barbary States
Tripolitan War
United States, history of the (I)
Egypt
Middle East, history of the (I)
Muhammad Ali Pasha
Ottoman Empire
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Napoleonic Wars
Nelson, Horatio Nelson, Viscount
Spain, history of
Trafalgar, Battle of
Austerlitz, Battle of
Austria
France, history of
Napoleonic Wars
Russia, history of
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
Shawnee
Shawnee Prophet
Tecumseh
United States, history of the (I)
Christophe, Henri
Dessalines, Jean Jacques
Haiti
Petion, Alexandre Sabes
blockade
Continental System
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Napoleonic Wars
Austria
France, history of
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Habsburg (dynasty)
Holy Roman Empire
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
France, history of
Napoleonic Wars
Prussia
Latin America, history of
Miranda, Francisco de
Venezuela
exploration
Pike, Zebulon Montgomery
Red River (United States)
United States, history of the (I)
Burr, Aaron
treason
United States, history of the (I)
Beethoven, Ludwig van
classical period in music
German and Austrian music
music
symphony
chemistry, history of
Davy, Sir Humphry
element
potassium
science, history of
sodium
Chesapeake (U.S. ship)
Embargo Act
United States, history of the (I)
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
philosophy
France, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Napoleonic Wars
Prussia
Russia, history of
Tilsit, Treaties of
blockade
Continental System
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Napoleonic Wars
Portugal, history of
Clermont
Fulton, Robert
steamboat
technology, history of
transportation
Janissaries
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Selim III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
Chesapeake (U.S. ship)
Embargo Act
frigate
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
slavery
Goya, Francisco de
graphic arts
painting
Spanish art and architecture
boron
chemistry, history of
element
Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis
science, history of
Buncho
Japanese art and architecture
landscape painting
American Fur Company
Astor (family)
fur trade
United States, history of the (I)
Bonaparte (family)
France, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Spain, history of
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Napoleonic Wars
Portugal, history of
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of
Madison, James
Pinckney (family)
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
Appert, Nicolas
canning
food preservation
technology, history of
German art and architecture
Nazarenes
Overbeck, Johann Friedrich
steamboat
Stevens (family)
technology, history of
transportation
evolution
heredity
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste
science, history of
zoology
American literature
Irving, Washington
Illinois (state)
United States, history of the (I)
Austria
France, history of
Metternich, Klemens, Furst von
Napoleonic Wars
France, history of
Italy, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Napoleonic Wars
papacy
Papal States
Pius VII, Pope
Finland
Gustav IV Adolf, King of Sweden
Russia, history of
Sweden
Clinton (family)
Madison, James
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Austria
France, history of
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Napoleonic Wars
Argentina
Buenos Aires
Latin America, history of
Spain, history of
Florida
Spain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
West Florida Controversy
Hawaii (state)
Kamehameha (dynasty)
Hidalgo y Costilla, Miguel
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Spain, history of
artillery
Essen
Germany, history of
Krupp (family)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Lisbon
Napoleonic Wars
Portugal, history of
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of
manorialism
Prussia
Bolivar, Simon
Latin America, history of
Miranda, Francisco de
Venezuela
George III, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
George IV, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
Hanover (dynasty)
Regency
Christophe, Henri
Haiti
Petion, Alexandre Sabes
Avogadro's law
Avogadro, Amedeo
chemistry, history of
science, history of
Artigas, Jose Gervasio
Latin America, history of
Spain, history of
Uruguay
Hidalgo y Costilla, Miguel
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Maryland
National Road
roads and highways
United States, history of the (I)
boats and boating
New York (city)
rowing
sports, history of
Cairo (Egypt)
Egypt
Mamelukes
Middle East, history of the (I)
Muhammad Ali Pasha
Harrison, William Henry
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
Shawnee
Tippecanoe, Battle of
United States, history of the (I)
Paraguay
South America
Spain, history of
Caracas
earthquake
Venezuela
caricature
English art and architecture
Rowlandson, Thomas
Detroit
Great Britain, history of
Hull, William
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
catastrophism
Cuvier, Georges, Baron
fossil record
geology
paleontology
science, history of
children's literature
fairy tale
German literature
Grimm's Fairy Tales
Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm
Louisiana
United States, history of the (I)
France, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Napoleonic Wars
Russia, history of
France, history of
Moscow
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Napoleonic Wars
Russia, history of
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Morelos y Pavon, Jose Maria
Oaxaca (city)
Bolivar, Simon
Latin America, history of
Miranda, Francisco de
Spain, history of
Venezuela
Decatur, Stephen
frigate
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
France, history of
Moscow
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Napoleonic Wars
Russia, history of
Constitution (frigate)
frigate
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
Clinton (family)
Madison, James
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Burckhardt, Jakob
Gatling, Richard Jordan
Petra
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Salamanca
Spain, history of
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of
Austen, Jane
English literature (I)
novel
Pride and Prejudice
Mobile (Alabama)
United States, history of the (I)
West Florida Controversy
Wilkinson, James
Gerry, Elbridge
Madison, James
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Canada, history of
Great Britain, history of
Toronto
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
Austria
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Leipzig
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Napoleonic Wars
Prussia
Erie, Lake
Great Britain, history of
Perry, Oliver Hazard
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
Great Britain, history of
Harrison, William Henry
Indians, American (I)
Tecumseh
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
Uncle Sam
United States, history of the (I)
Bolivar, Simon
Caracas
Latin America, history of
Venezuela
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Napoleonic Wars
Spain, history of
Vitoria
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of
Great Britain, history of
Harrison, William Henry
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
Creek
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
Jackson, Andrew
United States, history of the (I)
Fort McHenry
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
Washington, D.C.
Europe, history of (I)
Napoleonic Wars
Vienna, Congress of
Austria
Elba
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Napoleonic Wars
Prussia
French art and architecture
Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique
neoclassicism (art)
painting
locomotive
railroad
steam engine
Stephenson, George and Robert
technology, history of
transportation
Bourbon (dynasty)
France, history of
Louis XVIII, King of France
Netherlands
Vienna, Congress of
William I, King of the Netherlands
Connecticut
Hartford
Hartford Convention
Massachusetts
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
Italy, history of
Jesuits
papacy
Pius VII, Pope
Ghent, Treaty of
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
Champlain, Lake
Great Britain, history of
Macdonough, Thomas
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
Fort McHenry
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
anthem
Key, Francis Scott
Star-Spangled Banner, The
War of 1812
Elba
France, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Napoleonic Wars
Paris (France)
Blucher, Gebhard Leberecht von
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Napoleonic Wars
Prussia
Saint Helena
Waterloo, Battle of
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of
Great Britain, history of
Jackson, Andrew
New Orleans
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
Africa, history of (I)
Barbary States
Tripoli (Libya)
Tripolitan War
United States, history of the (I)
Europe, history of (I)
Switzerland
Bolivar, Simon
Jamaica
Latin America, history of
Spain, history of
Venezuela
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Morelos y Pavon, Jose Maria
Spain, history of
army
Great Britain, history of
Gurkha
Barber of Seville, The
Italian music
music
opera
Rome (Italy)
Rossini, Gioacchino
Asia, history of (I)
Indonesia
Netherlands
Indiana
United States, history of the (I)
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Nepal
Africa, history of (I)
Shaka, King of the Zulus
South Africa
Zulu
British Museum
Elgin Marbles
Elgin, Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of
Argentina
Latin America, history of
King, Rufus
Monroe, James
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
black Americans:
Methodism
religion
canal
Erie Canal
New York (state)
technology, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
Great Lakes
Rush, Richard
United States, history of the (I)
War of 1812
Indian Wars
Jackson, Andrew
Seminole Wars
United States, history of the (I)
Laennec, Rene Theophile Hyacinthe
medicine, history of
science, history of
stethoscope
Chile
Latin America, history of
O'Higgins, Bernardo
San Martin, Jose de
Spain, history of
Mississippi
United States, history of the (I)
Monroe, James
president of the United States
presidential elections
Tompkins, Daniel D.
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
English literature (I)
novel
Rob Roy
Scott, Sir Walter
German literature
philosophy
Schopenhauer, Arthur
Jackson, Andrew
Pensacola
Seminole Wars
United States, history of the (I)
Chile
Latin America, history of
O'Higgins, Bernardo
Esterhazy (family)
German and Austrian music
music
romanticism (music):
Schubert, Franz
Davy, Sir Humphry
lamp
lighting devices
mining and quarrying
technology, history of
Illinois (state)
United States, history of the (I)
English literature (I)
Frankenstein (novel)
novel
Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft
supernatural literature
Arctic
exploration
Great Britain, history of
Northwest Passage
Ross, John
Alabama
United States, history of the (I)
Bolivar, Simon
Colombia
Latin America, history of
Spain, history of
Byron, George Gordon, Lord
Byronic hero
English literature (I)
poetry
romanticism (literature):
East India Company, British
Great Britain, history of
Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford
Singapore
Florida
United States, history of the (I)
West Florida Controversy
Madrid
museums, art
Prado
Spanish art and architecture
Atlantic Ocean
Savannah (steamship)
ship
steam engine
technology, history of
transportation
English literature (I)
Keats, John
ode
poetry
romanticism (literature):
English literature (I)
poetry
Prometheus Unbound
romanticism (literature):
Shelley, Percy Bysshe
Dumont d'Urville, Jules Sebastian Cesar
Greek art
Melos
sculpture
French literature
Lamartine, Alphonse de
poetry
romanticism (literature):
Boyer, Jean Pierre
Christophe, Henri
Haiti
Argentina
Latin America, history of
Rosas, Juan Manuel de
Maine (state)
United States, history of the (I)
Antarctica
Bellingshausen, Fabian Gottlieb von
exploration
Russia, history of
exploration
Long, Stephen H.
Rocky Mountains
United States, history of the (I)
Missouri (state)
Missouri Compromise
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
George III, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
George IV, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
Hanover (dynasty)
Regency
Hawaii (state)
missions, Christian
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Liberia
slavery
Decatur, Stephen
duel
United States, history of the (I)
American literature
children's literature
Irving, Washington
Knickerbocker group
legend
Rip Van Winkle
English literature (I)
Ivanhoe
literature
novel
Scott, Sir Walter
Adams, John Quincy
Monroe, James
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Antarctica
Davis, John
exploration
United States, history of the (I)
Bolivar, Simon
Colombia
Ecuador
Latin America, history of
Panama
Venezuela
Central American Federation
Mexico, history of
Spain, history of
Texas
United States, history of the (I)
Brazil
Latin America, history of
Uruguay
Constable, John
English art and architecture
landscape painting
John VI, King of Portugal
Portugal, history of
Missouri (state)
United States, history of the (I)
France, history of
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte)
Saint Helena
Latin America, history of
Lima
Peru
San Martin, Jose de
Iturbide, Agustin de
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Spain, history of
Monroe, James
president of the United States
Tompkins, Daniel D.
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Bolivar, Simon
Ecuador
Latin America, history of
Spain, history of
Venezuela
Cherokee
Indian languages, American
Indians, American (I)
Sequoya
United States, history of the (I)
writing systems, evolution of
Eastern Question
Greece
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
confessional literature
De Quincey, Thomas
English literature (I)
opium
Beaumont, William
medicine, history of
surgery
Ecuador
Latin America, history of
Spain, history of
Sucre, Antonio Jose de
black Americans:
Charleston (South Carolina)
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
Vesey, Denmark
Brazil
John VI, King of Portugal
Latin America, history of
Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil
Portugal, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Egypt
Muhammad Ali Pasha
Sudan
archaeology
Champollion, Jean Francois
hieroglyphics
Rosetta Stone
Babbage, Charles
computer (I)
mathematics, history of
technology, history of
English literature (I)
essay
Lamb, Charles
periodical
Macintosh, Charles
rubber
technology, history of
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de
American literature
Bumppo, Natty
children's literature
Cooper, James Fenimore
Deerslayer, The
Knickerbocker group
Leatherstocking Tales, The
Fuji, Mount
graphic arts
Hokusai
Japanese art and architecture
landscape painting
Beethoven, Ludwig van
classical period in music
German and Austrian music
music
symphony
football
rugby
Rugby School
sports, history of
Monroe Doctrine
Monroe, James
United States, history of the (I)
Latin America, history of
Peru
Spain, history of
Sucre, Antonio Jose de
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Myanmar
Byron, George Gordon, Lord
Byronic hero
English literature (I)
Greece
Berzelius, Jons Jakob
chemistry, history of
element
science, history of
silicon
Carnot (family)
Carnot cycle
physics, history of
science, history of
thermodynamics
Africa, history of (I)
Ashanti
Ghana
Great Britain, history of
English art and architecture
London (England)
museums, art
National Gallery, London
Adams, John Quincy
Calhoun, John C.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
American art and architecture
Cole, Thomas
Hudson River school
landscape painting
fraternal societies
fraternities and sororities
Union College
university
Bridger, James
exploration
Great Salt Lake
mountain men
United States, history of the (I)
Decembrists
Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia
Russia, history of
Central American Federation
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Argentina
Brazil
Latin America, history of
Lavalleja, Juan Antonio
Uruguay
communal living
New Harmony
Owen, Robert
United States, history of the (I)
canal
Clinton (family)
Erie Canal
Erie, Lake
Bolivia
Latin America, history of
South America
Spain, history of
locomotive
railroad
steam engine
Stevens (family)
technology, history of
transportation
ampere
Ampere, Andre Marie
electricity
science, history of
German and Austrian music
Mendelssohn, Felix
Midsummer Night's Dream, A
music
overture
romanticism (music):
German literature
Heine, Heinrich
poetry
conduction, electric
electricity
ohm
Ohm's law
Ohm, Georg Simon
resistance, electrical
science, history of
Bolivia
Latin America, history of
Sucre, Antonio Jose de
American literature
Cooper, James Fenimore
Congress of the United States
Crockett, Davy
Tennessee
United States, history of the (I)
Europe, history of (I)
German Confederation
Germany, history of
Vienna, Congress of
Europe, history of (I)
Poland
Russia, history of
Eastern Question
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Greece
Ottoman Empire
Russia, history of
Turkey (country)
fire
match
technology, history of
Corot, Jean Baptiste Camille
French art and architecture
landscape painting
California
exploration
mountain men
Smith, Jedediah Strong
United States, history of the (I)
Audubon Society, National
Audubon, John James
book illustration
ornithology
Eastern Question
Egypt
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Greece
Navarino, Battle of
Ottoman Empire
Russia, history of
Turkey (country)
Chopin, Frederic
French music
music
romanticism (music):
Brazil
Latin America, history of
Lavalleja, Juan Antonio
Rivera, Fructuoso
Uruguay
American literature
dictionary
English language
lexicology and lexicography
Webster, Noah
Great Britain, history of
prime minister
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of
Italian music
music
Paganini, Niccolo
Vienna
violin
Adams, John Quincy
Jackson, Andrew
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Calhoun, John C.
Jackson, Andrew
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Bentinck (family)
cremation
funeral customs
Hinduism
India, history of
suttee
blindness
braille system
Braille, Louis
Eastern Question
Milos, Prince of Serbia
Serbia
Yugoslavia
American literature
encyclopedia
publishing
Belgium
Low Countries, history of the
Netherlands
geology
Lyell, Sir Charles
science, history of
uniformitarianism
Latin America, history of
Rivera, Fructuoso
Uruguay
American art and architecture
Catlin, George
Indians, American (I)
painting
Eastern Question
Greece
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
Berlioz, Hector
French music
music
romanticism (music):
symphony
Mormonism
New York (state)
Smith, Joseph
United States, history of the (I)
France, history of
July Revolution
Louis Philippe, King of France
Orleans (family)
book illustration
caricature
Daumier, Honore
French art and architecture
Philipon, Charles
Poland
Russia, history of
Bolivar, Simon
Latin America, history of
Indian Territory
Indians, American (I)
United States, history of the (I)
Charles X, King of France
France, history of
July Revolution
American literature
Godey, Louis Antoine
Hale, Sarah Josepha
periodical
Best Friend of Charleston
locomotive
railroad
technology, history of
transportation
George IV, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
Hanover (dynasty)
William IV, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Africa, history of (I)
Algeria
France, history of
French colonial empire
Colombia
Latin America, history of
South America
Venezuela
Cooper, Peter
locomotive
railroad
Tom Thumb (locomotive)
Darwin, Charles
science, history of
agriculture, history of
McCormick, Cyrus Hall
reaper
technology, history of
Arctic
exploration
North Pole
Ross, Sir James Clark
Italy, history of
Mazzini, Giuseppe
Risorgimento
Latin America, history of
Paez, Jose Antonio
Venezuela
France, history of
French foreign legion
Louis Philippe, King of France
Belgium
Leopold I, King of the Belgians
Low Countries, history of the
electricity
electrochemistry
electromagnetic induction
Faraday, Michael
science, history of
black Americans:
slavery
Turner, Nat
United States, history of the (I)
Virginia
poetry
Pushkin, Aleksandr
Russian literature
Africa, history of (I)
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
Guyana
abolitionists
Garrison, William Lloyd
pacifism and nonviolent movements
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
French literature
novel
Sand, George
graphic arts
Hiroshige
Japanese art and architecture
Black Hawk War
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
United States, history of the (I)
Democratic party
political parties
United States, history of the (I)
Clay, Henry
Jackson, Andrew
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
New York (city)
streetcar
transportation
Bavaria
Greece
Otto, King of Greece
British Empire
Falkland Islands
Great Britain, history of
Clausewitz, Carl Philipp Gottfried von
On War
strategy and tactics, military
war
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de
Carlists
Ferdinand VII, King of Spain
Isabella II, Queen of Spain
Spain, history of
Bank of the United States
banking systems
Jackson, Andrew
United States, history of the (I)
abolitionists
Garrison, William Lloyd
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
French literature
Hugo, Victor
Hunchback of Notre Dame, The
novel
Jackson, Andrew
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Van Buren, Martin
vice-president of the United States
Isabella II, Queen of Spain
Maria II, Queen of Portugal (Maria da Gloria)
Portugal, history of
Quadruple Alliance
Spain, history of
refrigeration
technology, history of
Conservative parties
Great Britain, history of
Peel, Sir Robert
Carlists
Isabella II, Queen of Spain
Spain, history of
coach and carriage
London (England)
technology, history of
transportation
Democratic party
Jackson, Andrew
United States, history of the (I)
Whig party (United States)
Congress of the United States
Indian Affairs, Bureau of
Indians, American (I)
United States, history of the (I)
Inquisition
Spain, history of
Austin, Stephen F.
Houston, Sam
Mexico, history of
Texas
Texas Revolution
United States, history of the (I)
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
Osceola
Seminole
Seminole Wars
United States, history of the (I)
Andersen, Hans Christian
children's literature
Danish literature
French literature
Tocqueville, Alexis de
Bennett, James Gordon
journalism
New York (city)
newspaper
Penny Press
education
McGuffey, William Holmes
reading education
Colt, Samuel
pistol
revolver
technology, history of
American literature
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
transcendentalism
Arkansas (state)
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Afrikaners
Great Trek
South Africa
Bolivia
Latin America, history of
Peru
Santa Cruz, Andres
Dickens, Charles
English literature (I)
novel
Pickwick Papers, The
Calhoun, John C.
Congress of the United States
gag rules
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
Houston, Sam
Texas
Texas Revolution
Harrison, William Henry
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Van Buren, Martin
drama
Gogol, Nikolai
Inspector General, The
Russian literature
Alamo, The
Bowie, James
Crockett, Davy
Mexico, history of
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de
Texas
Texas Revolution
Travis, William B.
United States, history of the (I)
Mexico, history of
Texas
Texas Revolution
United States, history of the (I)
Houston, Sam
Mexico, history of
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de
Texas
Texas Revolution
United States, history of the (I)
Arc de Triomphe
architecture
Chalgrin, Jean Francois Therese
French art and architecture
neoclassicism (art)
Canada, history of
Great Britain, history of
Mackenzie, William Lyon
Papineau, Louis Joseph
Rebellions of 1837
signaling
technology, history of
telecommunications
telegraph
Wheatstone, Sir Charles
Daguerre, Louis J. M.
daguerreotype
photography, history and art of
technology, history of
Michigan
United States, history of the (I)
Lermontov, Mikhail
Pushkin, Aleksandr
Russian literature
duel
Pushkin, Aleksandr
Russian literature
Carlyle, Thomas
English literature (I)
French Revolution
history
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
Osceola
Seminole
Seminole Wars
United States, history of the (I)
Johnson, Richard M.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Van Buren, Martin
vice-president of the United States
Great Britain, history of
Victoria, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland
William IV, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Texas
Texas Rangers
Africa, history of (I)
Afrikaners
Great Trek
Pretorius, Andries
South Africa
Zulu
English art and architecture
landscape painting
Turner, Joseph Mallord William
Antarctica
exploration
Wilkes, Charles
Comte, Auguste
philosophy
science, history of
sociology
agriculture, history of
Deere, John
plow
technology, history of
Morse code
Morse, Samuel F. B.
signaling
technology, history of
telecommunications
telegraph
bicycle
technology, history of
transportation
Atlantic Ocean
ship
shipping route
transportation
Dickens, Charles
English literature (I)
literature
Oliver Twist
Cherokee
Goodyear, Charles
rubber
technology, history of
Bolivia
Chile
Latin America, history of
Peru
Santa Cruz, Andres
French literature
novel
Stendhal
Liszt, Franz
music
romanticism (music):
Carrera, Jose Rafael
Central American Federation
Guatemala
Latin America, history of
Catherwood, Frederick
Latin American art and architecture
Maya
Stephens, John Lloyd
Yucatan Peninsula
Afghanistan
Great Britain, history of
China, history of
Great Britain, history of
opium
Opium Wars
California
gold rush (U.S. history)
Sacramento
Sutter, John Augustus
United States, history of the (I)
cell
cytology
Schwann, Theodor, and Schleiden, Matthias Jakob
science, history of
Latin America, history of
Lavalleja, Juan Antonio
Rivera, Fructuoso
Uruguay
anarchism
philosophy
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph
Great Britain, history of
Maori
Maori Wars
New Zealand, history of
Waitangi, Treaty of
Albert, Prince Consort of England
Great Britain, history of
Victoria, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Agassiz, Louis Rodolphe
glaciers and glaciation
ice ages
science, history of
Albany (New York)
Birney, James Gillespie
Liberty party
United States, history of the (I)
slavery
Underground Railroad
United States, history of the (I)
London (England)
philately
postal services
Canada, history of
Great Britain, history of
Antarctica
exploration
Wilkes, Charles
American literature
mystery, suspense, and detective fiction
novel
Poe, Edgar Allan
Harrison, William Henry
president of the United States
presidential elections
Tyler, John
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Greeley, Horace
journalism
New York (city)
newspaper
Penny Press
ballet
dance
Grisi, Carlotta
Egypt
Middle East, history of the (I)
Muhammad Ali Pasha
Ottoman Empire
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
New Zealand, history of
Harrison, William Henry
president of the United States
Tyler, John
United States, history of the (I)
calotype
photography
photography, history and art of
Talbot, William Henry Fox
technology, history of
American literature
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
essay
transcendentalism
exploration
Fremont, John C.
Oregon Trail
surveying
United States, history of the (I)
Barnum, P. T.
circus
Tom Thumb (entertainer)
Doppler effect
Doppler, Christian Johann
physics, history of
science, history of
Asia, history of (I)
British Empire
China, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hong Kong
China, history of
Great Britain, history of
opium
Opium Wars
Donizetti, Gaetano
Italian music
music
opera
Canada, history of
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Webster, Daniel
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Dead Souls
Gogol, Nikolai
literature
Russian literature
Greece
monarchy
Otto, King of Greece
abolitionists
black Americans:
slavery
Truth, Sojourner
United States, history of the (I)
Danish literature
existentialism
Kierkegaard, Soren
philosophy
English art and architecture
English literature (I)
Ruskin, John
Victorian literature
astronomy, history of
Schwabe, Samuel Heinrich
science, history of
solar cycle
Sun
sunspot
Florida
Indian Wars
Seminole
Seminole Wars
United States, history of the (I)
frontier
Oregon Trail
United States, history of the (I)
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Hispaniola
Dumas, Alexandre (1802-70)
French literature
novel
Three Musketeers, The
Mormonism
Smith, Joseph
United States, history of the (I)
Morse code
Morse, Samuel F. B.
signaling
technology, history of
telecommunications
telegraph
Young Men's Christian Association
Young Women's Christian Association
photography
photography, history and art of
Talbot, William Henry Fox
Clay, Henry
Polk, James K.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
American literature
Fuller, Margaret
archaeology
Layard, Sir Austen
Nimrud
Nineveh
Harrison, William Henry
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Van Buren, Martin
Castilla, Ramon
Latin America, history of
Peru
famine
Ireland, history of
potato
Florida
United States, history of the (I)
concerto
German and Austrian music
music
Schumann, Clara
Schumann, Robert
Humboldt, Alexander von
science, history of
Dallas, George Mifflin
Polk, James K.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Arctic
exploration
Franklin, Sir John
Northwest Passage
Texas
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Sikhs
clipper ship
New York (city)
ship
shipbuilding
technology, history of
Manifest Destiny
United States, history of the (I)
Annapolis
navy
United States Naval Academy
Count of Monte Cristo, The
Dumas, Alexandre (1802-70)
French literature
literature
music
musical instruments
Paris (France)
saxophone
anesthetics
dentistry
ether (chemistry)
medicine, history of
Morton, William
science, history of
astronomy, history of
Galle, Johann Gottfried
Neptune (planet)
science, history of
solar system
atheism
Feuerbach, Ludwig
philosophy
religion
archaeology
cuneiform
Mesopotamia
Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke
writing systems, evolution of
Christy, Edwin P.
music hall, vaudeville, and burlesque
New York (city)
theater, history of the
Mexican War
Mexico, history of
Polk, James K.
Texas
United States, history of the (I)
California
Mexican War
Mexico, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Mexican War
Mexico, history of
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de
museums of science and industry
Smithson, James
Smithsonian Institution
Canada, history of
Oregon
Oregon Question
United States, history of the (I)
California
Mexican War
United States, history of the (I)
Iowa (state)
United States, history of the (I)
Kearny, Stephen Watts
Mexican War
Mexico, history of
New Mexico
United States, history of the (I)
Mexican War
Mexico, history of
Monterrey
Taylor, Zachary
United States, history of the (I)
children's literature
English literature (I)
Lear, Edward
nonsense verse
baseball
sports, history of
Cayuse
Indians, American (I)
missions, Christian
Oregon
United States, history of the (I)
Whitman, Marcus
Maury, Matthew Fontaine
oceanography
science, history of
Bronte (family)
English literature (I)
Jane Eyre
novel
Victorian literature
Wuthering Heights
English literature (I)
novel
Thackeray, William Makepeace
Vanity Fair
Victorian literature
Balzac, Honore de
Comedie humaine, La
French literature
novel
realism (literature)
short story
Cavour, Camillo Benso, Conte di
Italy, history of
liberalism
Risorgimento
astronomy, history of
comet
Mitchell, Maria
science, history of
Chapultepec
Contreras, Battle of
Mexican War
Mexico City
Mexico, history of
Scott, Winfield
United States, history of the (I)
Buena Vista, Battle of
Mexican War
Mexico, history of
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de
Taylor, Zachary
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Liberia
slavery
American Medical Association
Journal of the American Medical Association
medicine, history of
Mormonism
Salt Lake City
United States, history of the (I)
Utah
Young, Brigham
philately
postal services
abolitionists
Douglass, Frederick
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
California
Fremont, John C.
Kearny, Stephen Watts
Mexican War
Mexico, history of
Stockton, Robert Field
United States, history of the (I)
Mexican War
Mexico City
Mexico, history of
Scott, Winfield
United States, history of the (I)
Veracruz (city)
Austria
Czechoslovakia
Palacky, Frantisek
Revolutions of 1848
American art and architecture
architecture
Bogardus, James
cast-iron architecture
Austria
Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria
Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria
Habsburg (dynasty)
Revolutions of 1848
president of the United States
presidential elections
Taylor, Zachary
United States, history of the (I)
Van Buren, Martin
Barbizon school
Fontainebleau
French art and architecture
landscape painting
Rousseau, Theodore
Camille
Dumas, Alexandre (1824-95)
French literature
novel
English art and architecture
Hunt, Holman
Millais, Sir John Everett
Pre-Raphaelites
Rossetti, Dante Gabriel
communism
Communist Manifesto
Engels, Friedrich
Marx, Karl
Marxism
France, history of
Louis Philippe, King of France
Revolutions of 1848
Garibaldi, Giuseppe
Italy, history of
Revolutions of 1848
Risorgimento
absolute zero
Kelvin scale
Kelvin, William Thomson, 1st Baron
physics, history of
science, history of
temperature
immigration
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Northern Ireland
Austria
Metternich, Klemens, Furst von
Revolutions of 1848
Vienna
Austria
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Germany, history of
Italy, history of
Revolutions of 1848
California
Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of
Mexican War
Mexico, history of
New Mexico
United States, history of the (I)
California
gold rush (U.S. history)
Sutter, John Augustus
United States, history of the (I)
Mott, Lucretia Coffin
Seneca Falls Convention
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady
suffrage, women's
women's rights movements
Berlin
Frankfurt Parliament
Frederick William IV, King of Prussia
Germany, history of
Prussia
Revolutions of 1848
United States, history of the (I)
Wisconsin
Bloomer, Amelia Jenks
costume
periodical
Austria
Garibaldi, Giuseppe
Italy, history of
Mazzini, Giuseppe
Revolutions of 1848
Risorgimento
Austria
Hungary
Revolutions of 1848
Russia, history of
Schwarzenberg (family)
California
gold
gold rush (U.S. history)
United States, history of the (I)
black Americans:
slavery
Tubman, Harriet
Underground Railroad
United States, history of the (I)
Blackwell (family)
medicine, history of
women in society
Fizeau, Armand Hippolyte Louis
light
optics
physics, history of
science, history of
Austria
Hungary
Kossuth, Lajos
Revolutions of 1848
anarchism
Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich
Russia, history of
Siberia
Fillmore, Millard
president of the United States
presidential elections
Taylor, Zachary
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Pinkerton, Allan
United States, history of the (I)
American literature
Hawthorne, Nathaniel
novel
Scarlet Letter, The
American music
Foster, Stephen
music hall, vaudeville, and burlesque
song (music)
California
United States, history of the (I)
Fugitive Slave Laws
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
suffrage, women's
women's rights movements
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett
English literature (I)
poetry
sonnet
Sonnets from the Portuguese
David Copperfield
Dickens, Charles
English literature (I)
novel
Courbet, Gustave
French art and architecture
painting
realism (art)
American music
Lind, Jenny
Scandinavian music
Brady, Mathew B.
photography
photography, history and art of
Fillmore, Millard
president of the United States
Taylor, Zachary
United States, history of the (I)
California
Compromise of 1850
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
Qing (Ch'ing dynasty)
Taiping Rebellion
Harper's
journalism
periodical
United States, history of the (I)
American literature
Melville, Herman
Moby-Dick
novel
Italian music
music
opera
Venice
Verdi, Giuseppe
abolitionists
American literature
children's literature
slavery
Stowe, Harriet Beecher
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Jones, George (publisher)
journalism
New York (city)
New York Times, The
newspaper
Raymond, Henry Jarvis
clothing industry
sewing machine
Singer, Isaac Merrit
technology, history of
Baltimore
food industry
ice cream
Asia, history of (I)
Mongkut, King of Siam
Thailand
cast-iron architecture
Crystal Palace
English art and architecture
Paxton, Sir Joseph
world's fairs
America's Cup
boats and boating
sports, history of
fraternities and sororities
Georgia (U.S.A.)
university
Seattle
Washington (state)
journalism
Reuter, Paul Julius, Baron von
Argentina
Latin America, history of
Rosas, Juan Manuel de
Urquiza, Justo Jose de
Great Britain, history of
Irrawaddy River
Myanmar
dictionary
German literature
Grimm's Fairy Tales
Grimm's law
Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm
lexicology and lexicography
France, history of
Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (Louis Napoleon Bonaparte)
Wells Fargo and Company
Pierce, Franklin
president of the United States
president of the United States
presidential elections
Scott, Winfield
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Perry, Matthew Calbraith
Tokyo
United States, history of the (I)
China, history of
Nanjing (Nanking)
Qing (Ch'ing dynasty)
Taiping Rebellion
King, William Rufus de Vane
Pierce, Franklin
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de
French art and architecture
Haussmann, Georges Eugene, Baron
Paris (France)
urban planning and design
Eugenie
France, history of
Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (Louis Napoleon Bonaparte)
German and Austrian music
music
opera
Ring of the Nibelung, The
Wagner, Richard
Crimean War
Moldavia
Ottoman Empire
Russia, history of
Russo-Turkish Wars
Turkey (country)
Walachia
Arizona
Gadsden Purchase
Mexico, history of
New Mexico
United States, history of the (I)
Crimean War
Ottoman Empire
Russia, history of
Russo-Turkish Wars
Turkey (country)
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Perry, Matthew Calbraith
United States, history of the (I)
American literature
romanticism (literature):
Thoreau, Henry David
transcendentalism
Walden
Crimea
Crimean War
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Russia, history of
Sevastopol
Turkey (country)
Crimean War
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Russia, history of
Turkey (country)
Immaculate Conception
papacy
Pius IX, Pope
English art and architecture
Hunt, Holman
painting
Pre-Raphaelites
Crimean War
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Russia, history of
Turkey (country)
Africa, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Orange Free State:
South Africa
Balaklava, Battle of
Charge of the Light Brigade, The
Crimean War
Great Britain, history of
Kansas-Nebraska Act
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
Kansas-Nebraska Act
political parties
Republican party
United States, history of the (I)
Crimean War
Fenton, Roger
photography
photography, history and art of
photojournalism
Crimean War
hospital (institution)
medicine, history of
Nightingale, Florence
nursing
American literature
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth
poetry
Song of Hiawatha, The
Great Britain, history of
Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3d Viscount
prime minister
Maury, Matthew Fontaine
oceanography
science, history of
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de
Alexander II, Emperor of Russia
Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia
Russia, history of
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett
Browning, Robert
English literature (I)
poetry
Victorian literature
Africa, history of (I)
exploration
Livingstone, David
Victoria Falls
Crimea
Crimean War
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Russia, history of
Sevastopol
Turkey (country)
ice hockey
ice skating
Kingston (Ontario)
sports, history of
American literature
Leaves of Grass
poetry
Whitman, Walt
Great Lakes
Huron, Lake
Sault Sainte Marie Canals
Superior, Lake
Asia, history of (I)
China, history of
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Opium Wars
chemical industry
chemistry, history of
dye
Perkin, Sir William Henry
Crimean War
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Paris, treaties of
Russia, history of
Turkey (country)
anthropology
cave dwellers
Neandertalers
prehistoric humans
French literature
Hugo, Victor
Miserables, Les
novel
abolitionists
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Kansas-Nebraska Act
slavery
telegraph
Buchanan, James
Buchanan, James
Fremont, John C.
president
president of the United States
Breckinridge, John Cabell
Buchanan, James
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Dred Scott v. Sandford
slavery
Supreme Court of the United States
Taney, Roger B.
Mormonism
United States, history of the (I)
Utah
Utah War
Young, Brigham
elevator
New York (city)
skyscraper
technology, history of
children's literature
English literature (I)
Hughes, Thomas
Rugby School
Flaubert, Gustave
French literature
Madame Bovary
novel
realism (literature)
aestheticism
Baudelaire, Charles
Flowers of Evil, The
French literature
poetry
Indians, American (I)
Lee, John Doyle
Mormonism
Mountain Meadows Massacre
Paiute
United States, history of the (I)
Utah War
Asia, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Indian Mutiny
mutiny
dictionary
English literature (I)
lexicology and lexicography
Murray, Sir James
Oxford English Dictionary, The
Juarez, Benito
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
China, history of
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Opium Wars
Tianjin (Tientsin)
Africa, history of (I)
exploration
Speke, John Hanning
Victoria, Lake
evolution
science, history of
Wallace, Alfred Russel
costume
fashion design
Paris (France)
Worth, Charles Frederick
Atlantic cable
Field, Cyrus W.
technology, history of
telecommunications
telegraph
Mormonism
United States, history of the (I)
Utah
Utah War
Young, Brigham
aerial photography
balloon
Nadar
photography
photography, history and art of
American art and architecture
Bierstadt, Albert
landscape painting
German and Austrian music
music
Offenbach, Jacques
opera
operetta
Orpheus
American art and architecture
cathedrals and churches
Gothic Revival
New York (city)
Renwick, James
Saint Patrick's Cathedral
Minnesota
United States, history of the (I)
Fenians
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Irish Republican Army
Asia, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Indian Mutiny
mutiny
East India Company, British
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Indian Mutiny
Douglas, Stephen A.
Lincoln, Abraham
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
abolitionists
Brown, John
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Harpers Ferry
United States, history of the (I)
Darwin, Charles
evolution
natural selection
Origin of Species, On the
science, history of
canal
Egypt
engineering
Lesseps, Ferdinand Marie, Vicomte de
Suez Canal
technology, history of
refrigeration
technology, history of
Austria
Cavour, Camillo Benso, Conte di
France, history of
Italy, history of
Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (Louis Napoleon Bonaparte)
Risorgimento
Oregon
United States, history of the (I)
Drake, Edwin L.
petroleum
Lincoln, Abraham
president of the United States
presidential elections
Republican party
United States, history of the (I)
Beijing (Peking)
China, history of
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Opium Wars
Tianjin (Tientsin)
hospital (institution)
medicine, history of
Nightingale, Florence
nursing
Eliot, George
English literature (I)
Mill on the Floss, The
novel
Victorian literature
Garibaldi, Giuseppe
Italy, history of
Naples
Naples, Kingdom of
Risorgimento
Sicily
internal-combustion engine
Lenoir, Jean Joseph Etienne
technology, history of
Italy, history of
papacy
Papal States
Piedmont
Risorgimento
Sardinia
Sardinia, Kingdom of
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Confederate States of America
South Carolina
United States, history of the (I)
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Crittenden Compromise
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
Maori
Maori Wars
New Zealand, history of
California
Missouri (state)
pony express
postal services
United States, history of the (I)
lock and key
patent
technology, history of
Yale, Linus, Jr.
Arts and Crafts movement
English art and architecture
Morris, William
Delacroix, Eugene
French art and architecture
painting
romanticism
Civil War, U.S. (I)
McClellan, George B.
United States, history of the (I)
Italy, history of
Risorgimento
Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy
Ericsson, John
Monitor and Merrimack
naval vessels
technology, history of
Kansas
United States, history of the (I)
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Confederate States of America
Secession movement
Hamlin, Hannibal
Lincoln, Abraham
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia
Russia, history of
slavery
Beauregard, P. G. T.
Bull Run, Battles of
Burnside, Ambrose E.
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Jackson, Stonewall
Johnston, Joseph E.
McDowell, Irvin
United States, history of the (I)
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Confederate States of America
Davis, Jefferson
United States, history of the (I)
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Confederate States of America
Secession movement
Texas
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Great Britain, history of
Mason, James Murray
Slidell, John
Trent Affair
United States, history of the (I)
Wilkes, Charles
income tax
taxation
United States, history of the (I)
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Fort Sumter
United States, history of the (I)
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Confederate States of America
Secession movement
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Farragut, David Glasgow
New Orleans
United States, history of the (I)
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Confederate States of America
Lee, Robert E.
railroad
transcontinental railroad
United States, history of the (I)
Argentina
Latin America, history of
Mitre, Bartolome
Brady, Mathew B.
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Gardner, Alexander
O'Sullivan, Timothy H.
photography, history and art of
photojournalism
acting
Bernhardt, Sarah
Comedie Francaise, La
theater, history of the
French art and architecture
impressionism (art)
Manet, Edouard
painting
realism (art)
Foucault, Jean
light
physics, history of
science, history of
French literature
Hugo, Victor
Miserables, Les
novel
Bull Run, Battles of
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Ewell, Richard S.
Hill, A. P.
Hooker, Joseph
Jackson, Stonewall
Kearny, Philip
Lee, Robert E.
Longstreet, James
McDowell, Irvin
Pope, John
Stuart, J. E. B.
United States, history of the (I)
Antietam, Battle of
Burnside, Ambrose E.
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Hancock, Winfield Scott
Hill, A. P.
Hill, D. H.
Hooker, Joseph
Jackson, Stonewall
Lee, Robert E.
McClellan, George B.
Meade, George Gordon
Stuart, J. E. B.
United States, history of the (I)
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Lee, Robert E.
McClellan, George B.
Peninsular Campaign
United States, history of the (I)
Carlota
Latin America, history of
Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico
Mexico, history of
Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (Louis Napoleon Bonaparte)
firearms
Gatling, Richard Jordan
machine gun
technology, history of
Fathers and Sons
nihilism
novel
Russian literature
Turgenev, Ivan
Oslo
skiing
sports, history of
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Hampton Roads
Monitor and Merrimack
naval vessels
United States, history of the (I)
Burnside, Ambrose E.
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Fredericksburg
Fredericksburg, Battle of
Hancock, Winfield Scott
Hill, A. P.
Hooker, Joseph
Jackson, Stonewall
Lee, Robert E.
Longstreet, James
Meade, George Gordon
Stuart, J. E. B.
United States, history of the (I)
Beauregard, P. G. T.
Buell, Don Carlos
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Garfield, James A.
Grant, Ulysses S.
Johnston, Albert Sidney
Sherman, William Tecumseh
Shiloh
Shiloh, Battle of
United States, history of the (I)
Wheeler, Joseph
frontier
Homestead Act
United States, history of the (I)
Civil War, U.S. (I)
McClellan, George B.
Peninsular Campaign
Richmond
United States, history of the (I)
Bismarck, Otto von
Germany, history of
Prussia
William I, Emperor of Germany
Cambodia
France, history of
French colonial empire
Mill, John Stuart
philosophy
utilitarianism
French art and architecture
impressionism (art)
painting
Pissarro, Camille
Salon
George I, King of Greece
Greece
Otto, King of Greece
Vicksburg Campaign
Egypt
Ismail Pasha
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Confederate States of America
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln, Abraham
slavery
United States, history of the (I)
London (England)
subway
technology, history of
transportation
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Quantrill, William C.
United States, history of the (I)
holiday
Lincoln, Abraham
Thanksgiving Day
Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg, Battle of
Lincoln, Abraham
Chancellorsville, Battle of
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Hancock, Winfield Scott
Hill, A. P.
Hooker, Joseph
Howard, Oliver O.
Jackson, Stonewall
Lee, Robert E.
Meade, George Gordon
Schurz, Carl
Stuart, J. E. B.
United States, history of the (I)
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Ewell, Richard S.
Gettysburg
Gettysburg, Battle of
Grant, Ulysses S.
Hancock, Winfield Scott
Hill, A. P.
Hood, John B.
Howard, Oliver O.
Lee, Robert E.
Logan, John Alexander
McClernand, John Alexander
Meade, George Gordon
Pennsylvania
Pickett, George E.
Porter (family)
Schurz, Carl
Sherman, William Tecumseh
Stuart, J. E. B.
United States, history of the (I)
Vicksburg
France, history of
Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico
Mexico City
Mexico, history of
London (England)
soccer
sports, history of
United States, history of the (I)
West Virginia
China, history of
Gordon, Charles George
Nanjing (Nanking)
Taiping Rebellion
Atlanta
Atlanta campaign
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Georgia (U.S.A.)
Sherman, William Tecumseh
United States, history of the (I)
Denmark
Germany, history of
Prussia
Scandinavia, history of
Schleswig-Holstein
Nevada
United States, history of the (I)
Lincoln, Abraham
Lincoln, Abraham
president of the United States
presidential elections
Latin America, history of
Lopez, Francisco Solano
Paraguay
Triple Alliance, War of the
Atlanta
Atlanta campaign
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Hood, John B.
Johnston, Joseph E.
Sherman, William Tecumseh
United States, history of the (I)
Black Kettle
Cheyenne (Indian tribe)
Colorado (state)
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
Sand Creek Massacre
United States, history of the (I)
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Sherman, William Tecumseh
Civil War, U.S. (I)
naval vessels
submarine
United States, history of the (I)
Geneva
Geneva conventions
prisoner of war
Great Britain, history of
Greece
Ionian Sea
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Ewell, Richard S.
Grant, Ulysses S.
Longstreet, James
Meade, George Gordon
Richmond
Sheridan, Philip H.
United States, history of the (I)
Wilderness Campaign
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Grant, Ulysses S.
United States, history of the (I)
Johnson, Andrew
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Appomattox Court House
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Grant, Ulysses S.
Lee, Robert E.
United States, history of the (I)
novel
Russian literature
Tolstoi, Count Leo
War and Peace
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Carroll, Lewis
children's literature
English literature (I)
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Johnston, Joseph E.
Sherman, William Tecumseh
United States, history of the (I)
Booth (family)
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Ford's Theatre
Lincoln, Abraham
United States, history of the (I)
Crime and Punishment
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich
novel
Russian literature
Constitution of the United States (I)
slavery
Thirteenth Amendment
United States, history of the (I)
Beauregard, P. G. T.
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Grant, Ulysses S.
Lee, Robert E.
Meade, George Gordon
Petersburg campaign
Richmond
United States, history of the (I)
Johnson, Andrew
Lincoln, Abraham
president of the United States
president of the United States
presidential elections
technology, history of
torpedo (projectile)
weapons
Whitehead, Robert
biology
genetics
heredity
Mendel, Gregor Johann
science, history of
Austria
Bismarck, Otto von
Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria
Germany, history of
Italy, history of
Moltke, Helmuth Karl Bernhard, Graf von
Prussia
Seven Weeks' War
Forrest, Nathan Bedford
Ku Klux Klan
secret societies
United States, history of the (I)
Civil War, U.S. (I)
Reconstruction
Atlantic cable
Atlantic Ocean
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Bismarck, Otto von
Germany, history of
Prussia
diamond
Kimberley
South Africa
Carlota
France, history of
Juarez, Benito
Latin America, history of
Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico
Mexico, history of
capitalism
Kapital, Das
Marx, Karl
Nebraska
United States, history of the (I)
Alaska
Russia, history of
Seward, William H.
United States, history of the (I)
Canada, history of
Great Britain, history of
Macdonald, Sir John A.
Andrassy, Gyula, Count
Austria
Austria-Hungary
Deak, Ferenc
Europe, history of (I)
Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria
Habsburg (dynasty)
Hungary
elevated railroad
Manhattan (New York City)
New York (city)
Canada, history of
Great Britain, history of
Macdonald, Sir John A.
horse racing
Midway
Pacific Ocean
United States, history of the (I)
Isabella II, Queen of Spain
Prim, Juan
Spain, history of
anthropology
cave dwellers
Cro-Magnon peoples
prehistoric humans
Great Britain, history of
labor unions
Trades Union Congress
patent
Sholes, Christopher Latham
technology, history of
typewriter
Chulalongkorn, King of Siam
Mongkut, King of Siam
Thailand
Anthony, Susan B.
feminism
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady
suffrage, women's
United States, history of the (I)
women's rights movements
Brahms, Johannes
German and Austrian music
music
requiem
romanticism (music):
Africa, history of (I)
Lobengula, King of the Ndebele
Ndebele
Zimbabwe
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Meiji Restoration
shogun
Tokugawa (family)
Cespedes, Carlos Manuel de
Cuba
Estrada Palma, Tomas
Spain, history of
Ten Years' War
Congress of the United States
impeachment
Johnson, Andrew
president of the United States
Senate of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Gladstone, William Ewart
Great Britain, history of
Liberal parties
prime minister
Grant, Ulysses S.
president of the United States
presidential elections
Seymour, Horatio
Colfax, Schuyler
Grant, Ulysses S.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Africa, history of (I)
Bennett, James Gordon, Jr.
exploration
Livingstone, David
Stanley, Sir Henry Morton
bridge (engineering)
Brooklyn
Brooklyn Bridge
engineering
Roebling (family)
technology, history of
Canada, history of
Red River Rebellion
Red River Settlement
Riel, Louis
Bavaria
German art and architecture
Louis II's Bavarian palaces
Louis II, King of Bavaria
Knights of Labor
labor unions
Philadelphia
United States, history of the (I)
papacy
Pius IX, Pope
Vatican Council, First
Boris Godunov (opera):
music
Mussorgsky, Modest
opera
Russian music
baseball
Cincinnati
sports, history of
canal
Egypt
Lesseps, Ferdinand Marie, Vicomte de
Middle East, history of the (I)
Suez Canal
candy
chewing gum
chicle
food industry
railroad
technology, history of
transcontinental railroad
transportation
United States, history of the (I)
prohibition
Anthony, Susan B.
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady
suffrage
suffrage, women's
women's rights movements
suffrage, women's
women's rights movements
Wyoming
petroleum
Rockefeller (family)
archaeology
Schliemann, Heinrich
Troy (archaeological site)
Latin America, history of
Lopez, Francisco Solano
Paraguay
Triple Alliance, War of the
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
Bismarck, Otto von
France, history of
Franco-Prussian War
Germany, history of
Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (Louis Napoleon Bonaparte)
Prussia
William I, Emperor of Germany
Bismarck, Otto von
France, history of
Franco-Prussian War
Germany, history of
Moltke, Helmuth Karl Bernhard, Graf von
Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (Louis Napoleon Bonaparte)
Prussia
William I, Emperor of Germany
France, history of
Franco-Prussian War
Florida
Miami (city in Florida)
United States, history of the (I)
National Weather Service
Africa, history of (I)
exploration
Livingstone, David
Stanley, Sir Henry Morton
Jehovah's Witnesses
Russell, Charles Taze
Chicago (city)
fire prevention and control
Barnum, P. T.
circus
Alsace-Lorraine
France, history of
Franco-Prussian War
Germany, history of
Commune of Paris
France, history of
Franco-Prussian War
Paris (France)
Bismarck, Otto von
Franco-Prussian War
Germany, history of
Prussia
Versailles, Palace of
William I, Emperor of Germany
Commune of Paris
France, history of
Paris (France)
British Columbia
Canada (I)
Canada, history of
American art and architecture
portraiture
Whistler, James Abbott McNeill
Eliot, George
English literature (I)
Middlemarch
novel
realism (literature)
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
Kintpuash
Modoc
United States, history of the (I)
French art and architecture
impressionism (art)
Monet, Claude
painting
cinematography
film, history of (I)
Muybridge, Eadweard
photography, history and art of
Challenger Expedition
Murray, Sir John (oceanographer)
oceanography
Budapest
Hungary
Hawaii (state)
Kamehameha (dynasty)
French art and architecture
impressionism (art)
Morisot, Berthe
painting
Grant, Ulysses S.
Greeley, Horace
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
national parks
Yellowstone National Park
sports, history of
tennis
Grant, Ulysses S.
president of the United States
vice-president of the United States
Wilson, Henry
French literature
novel
Verne, Jules
Canada, history of
Conservative parties
Macdonald, Sir John A.
Pacific Scandal
panic, financial
United States, history of the (I)
Canada (I)
Canada, history of
Prince Edward Island
horse racing
Conservative parties
Disraeli, Benjamin, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield
Great Britain, history of
prime minister
English literature (I)
Far from the Madding Crowd
Hardy, Thomas
novel
Victorian literature
French art and architecture
impressionism (art)
painting
Renoir, Pierre Auguste
Comanche
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
Kiowa
Parker, Quanah
United States, history of the (I)
Cooper, Peter
greenback
Greenback party
United States, history of the (I)
French art and architecture
impressionism (art)
Paris (France)
temperance movement
WCTU
Philadelphia
Philadelphia Zoological Gardens
zoological gardens
American literature
children's literature
Tom Sawyer
Twain, Mark
Egypt
Great Britain, history of
Ismail Pasha
Suez Canal
Bizet, Georges
Carmen
French music
music
opera
Christian Science
Eddy, Mary Baker
Alfonso XII, King of Spain
Bourbon (dynasty)
Spain, history of
horse racing
Kentucky Derby
Burbank, Luther
fruits and fruit cultivation
horticulture
vegetable
Abd al-Hamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
Bell, Alexander Graham
invention
patent
technology, history of
telecommunications
telephone
philosophy
sociology
Spencer, Herbert
Colorado (state)
United States, history of the (I)
Diaz, Porfirio
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
archaeology
Mycenae
Schliemann, Heinrich
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Korea, history of
Danube River
German and Austrian music
music
Strauss (family)
waltz
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Victoria, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Crazy Horse
Custer, George Armstrong
Gall
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
Little Bighorn, Battle of the
Sioux
Sitting Bull
United States, history of the (I)
Bayreuth
Bayreuth Wagner Festival
German and Austrian music
music
music festivals
opera
Ring of the Nibelung, The
Wagner, Richard
Centennial Exposition
Philadelphia
United States, history of the (I)
world's fairs
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
Joseph, Chief
Miles, Nelson A.
Nez Perce
United States, history of the (I)
Hayes, Rutherford B.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Wheeler, William Almon
astronomy, history of
Mars (planet)
Schiaparelli, Giovanni Virginio
ballet
Bolshoi Ballet
Moscow
music
romanticism (music):
Russian music
Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich
sports, history of
tennis
Japan, history of
Saigo Takamori
samurai
Edison, Thomas Alva
invention
phonograph
sound recording and reproduction
technology, history of
Balkans
Ottoman Empire
Russia, history of
Russo-Turkish Wars
Turkey (country)
dog
dog show
Cleopatra's Needles
Egypt
Great Britain, history of
Ismail Pasha
United States, history of the (I)
Berlin, Congress of
Montenegro
Ottoman Empire
Romania
Russo-Turkish Wars
Serbia
Turkey (country)
Berlin
Berlin, Congress of
Ottoman Empire
Russia, history of
Russo-Turkish Wars
Turkey (country)
D'Oyly Carte Opera Company
D'Oyly Carte, Richard
English music
Gilbert and Sullivan
music
opera
Ottoman Empire
Russia, history of
Russo-Turkish Wars
Turkey (country)
Afghanistan
Great Britain, history of
Austria
Berlin, Congress of
Bosnia and Hercegovina
Ottoman Empire
Russo-Turkish Wars
Turkey (country)
Belgium
exploration
Leopold II, King of the Belgians
Stanley, Sir Henry Morton
Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo):
Great Britain, history of
Home Rule Bills
Ireland, history of
Parnell, Charles Stewart
Argentina
Latin America, history of
Pampas
Patagonia
Roca, Julio A.
Tehuelche
Degas, Edgar
French art and architecture
impressionism (art)
painting
pastel
Doll's House, A
drama
Ibsen, Henrik
naturalism (literature)
Norwegian literature
Egypt
Ismail Pasha
Middle East, history of the (I)
Tawfiq Pasha
Chile
Latin America, history of
Pacific, War of the
Peru
Edison, Thomas Alva
incandescent lamp
invention
lighting devices
technology, history of
Christian Science
Eddy, Mary Baker
religion
American art and architecture
Cassatt, Mary
impressionism (art)
painting
Afrikaners
Great Britain, history of
South Africa
Transvaal
France, history of
French colonial empire
Tahiti
French literature
naturalism (literature)
novel
Zola, Emile
German and Austrian music
music
Offenbach, Jacques
opera
Disraeli, Benjamin, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield
Gladstone, William Ewart
Great Britain, history of
prime minister
music
overture
romanticism (music):
Russian music
Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich
Brothers Karamazov, The
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich
Russian literature
Garfield, James A.
Hancock, Winfield Scott
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Alexander II, Emperor of Russia
narodniki
Russia, history of
Arthur, Chester Alan
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
canal
Lesseps, Ferdinand Marie, Vicomte de
Panama
Panama Canal
Arthur, Chester Alan
Garfield, James A.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Itagaki Taisuke
Japan, history of
acting
Edward VII, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Langtry, Lillie
theater, history of the
Garfield, James A.
Guiteau, Charles Julius
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Egypt
mahdi
Sudan
Newport
sports, history of
tennis
Barton, Clara
Red Cross
Tuskegee University
Washington, Booker T.
Austria
Bismarck, Otto von
Germany, history of
Italy, history of
Triple Alliance
Edison, Thomas Alva
electricity
power, generation and transmission of
technology, history of
Folies-Bergere
French art and architecture
impressionism (art)
Manet, Edouard
painting
Japan, history of
Okuma Shigenobu
British Empire
Cromer, Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of
Egypt
Great Britain, history of
Tawfiq Pasha
Asian Americans
Chinese Exclusion Acts
immigration
United States, history of the (I)
petroleum
Rockefeller (family)
trust (business)
Labor Day
labor force
United States, history of the (I)
Buffalo Bill
Hickok, Wild Bill
Oakley, Annie
Sitting Bull
American literature
Curtis, Cyrus H. K.
journalism
periodical
German literature
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm
philosophy
Thus Spake Zarathustra
Kruger, Paul
South Africa
Transvaal
jet propulsion
rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles
technology, history of
Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin
bridge (engineering)
Brooklyn
Brooklyn Bridge
New York (city)
Roebling (family)
technology, history of
Fabian Society
Great Britain, history of
socialism
Webb, Sidney and Beatrice
Indonesia
Krakatoa
tsunami
volcano
American art and architecture
Chicago (city)
Chicago school of architecture
Jenney, William LeBaron
skyscraper
American literature
Twain, Mark
Orient Express
railroad
American literature
children's literature
Huckleberry Finn
Twain, Mark
Lockwood, Belva Ann Bennett
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
women in society
Africa, history of (I)
Burundi
German East Africa
Germany, history of
Mozambique
Rwanda
Tanzania
Africa, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Namibia
invention
pen
technology, history of
Blaine, James Gillespie
Cleveland, Grover
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Linotype
Mergenthaler, Ottmar
technology, history of
American music
Boston
Boston Pops Orchestra
Boston Symphony Orchestra
Cleveland, Grover
Hendricks, Thomas A.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
medicine, history of
Pasteur, Louis
rabies
science, history of
vaccination
Africa, history of (I)
Gordon, Charles George
Great Britain, history of
Khartoum
mahdi
Sudan
Daimler, Gottlieb
motorcycle
technology, history of
transportation
bicycle
technology, history of
transportation
Africa, history of (I)
Belgium
Leopold II, King of the Belgians
Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo):
Asia, history of (I)
Bombay
India, history of
Indian National Congress
Apache
Geronimo
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
Miles, Nelson A.
United States, history of the (I)
Asia, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Myanmar
bronzes
French art and architecture
Rodin, Auguste
sculpture
Africa, history of (I)
gold
gold rush (U.S. history)
South Africa
Transvaal
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Org.:
Gompers, Samuel
industrial union
labor unions
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Tanzania
American art and architecture
Bartholdi, Frederic Auguste
Eiffel, Alexandre Gustave
Lazarus, Emma
New York (city)
Statue of Liberty
United States, history of the (I)
Haymarket Riot
labor unions
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan
English literature (I)
Holmes, Sherlock
mystery, suspense, and detective fiction
Cambodia
France, history of
French colonial empire
Indochina
Vietnam
blizzard
weather
wind (atmosphere)
Alexander, Grover Cleveland
Harrison, Benjamin (U.S. president)
ether (physics)
Michelson, Albert Abraham
Michelson-Morley experiment
physics, history of
science, history of
Macao
Portugal, history of
Canada, history of
Canadian Pacific Railway
railroad
invention
patent
pen
technology, history of
camera
Eastman, George
George Eastman House
photography
photography, history and art of
technology, history of
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
Trinidad and Tobago
Dutch art and architecture
postimpressionism
still-life painting
van Gogh, Vincent
Jack the Ripper
London (England)
murder
music
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai Andreyevich
Russian music
Scheherazade
Grosvenor, Gilbert Hovey
National Geographic Magazine
periodical
Frederick III, Emperor of Germany
Germany, history of
William II, Emperor of Germany
labor force
Labor, U.S. Department of
United States, history of the (I)
Amateur Athletic Union of the United States
sports, history of
Harrison, Benjamin (U.S. president)
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
frontier
Oklahoma (state)
floods and flood control
Johnstown
Austria
Rudolf, Austrian Archduke
communism
Germany, history of
Luxemburg, Rosa
socialism
Eiffel Tower
Eiffel, Alexandre Gustave
French art and architecture
Paris (France)
Ito Hirobumi
Japan, history of
Meiji Restoration
Montana
United States, history of the (I)
Washington (state)
United States, history of the (I)
Washington (state)
North Dakota
South Dakota
United States, history of the (I)
Brazil
Fonseca, Manuel Deodoro da
Latin America, history of
Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil
Peixoto, Floriano
Mahan, Alfred Thayer
navy
United States, history of the (I)
James, William
psychology
psychology, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Cape Province
Great Britain, history of
Rhodes, Cecil John
South Africa
Debussy, Claude
French music
music
suite
Dutch art and architecture
postimpressionism
van Gogh, Vincent
Bismarck, Otto von
Germany, history of
William II, Emperor of Germany
Idaho
United States, history of the (I)
Wyoming
United States, history of the (I)
Wyoming
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
Sitting Bull
United States, history of the (I)
Wounded Knee
Indian literature
poetry
Tagore, Rabindranath
New York (city)
photography, history and art of
photojournalism
Riis, Jacob August
ghost dance
Indian Wars
Indians, American (I)
Sioux
Sitting Bull
United States, history of the (I)
Wounded Knee
Wovoka
Oklahoma (state)
United States, history of the (I)
monopoly and competition
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Africa, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Lobengula, King of the Ndebele
Ndebele
Rhodes, Cecil John
Zimbabwe
Africa, history of (I)
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
Tanzania
Zanzibar
Europe, history of (I)
Luxembourg (country)
Netherlands
English literature (I)
Irish literature
novel
Picture of Dorian Gray, The
Victorian literature
Wilde, Oscar
English literature (I)
Hardy, Thomas
novel
Tess of the D'Urbervilles
Victorian literature
anthropology
Dubois, Eugene
Homo erectus
Indonesia
Java
Java fossils
prehistoric humans
French art and architecture
Gauguin, Paul
postimpressionism
Tahiti
basketball
Gulick, Luther Halsey
Naismith, James
sports, history of
Springfield (Massachusetts)
check
tourism
traveler's check
Germany, history of
pension
welfare state
newspaper
Toronto
Art Nouveau
French art and architecture
postimpressionism
Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de
Ellis Island
immigration
United States, history of the (I)
petroleum
Rockefeller (family)
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
trust (business)
Cezanne, Paul
French art and architecture
impressionism (art)
painting
postimpressionism
boxing
Corbett, James J.
sports, history of
Sullivan, John L.
cartoon (editorial and political)
comic strip
newspaper
San Francisco
Cuba
Latin America, history of
Latin American literature
Marti, Jose
Muir, John
Sierra Club
alternating current
motor
Tesla, Nikola
Cleveland, Grover
Harrison, Benjamin (U.S. president)
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
American art and architecture
Art Nouveau
glassware, decorative
Tiffany, Louis Comfort
Cleveland, Grover
Hendricks, Thomas A.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
France, history of
French colonial empire
Indochina
Laos
Dole, Sanford Ballard
Hawaii (state)
Liliuokalani, Queen of Hawaii
Africa, history of (I)
France, history of
French colonial empire
Ivory Coast
architecture
Art Nouveau
Flemish art and architecture
Horta, Victor
Mormonism
religion
Salt Lake City
New Zealand, history of
suffrage, women's
women's rights movements
Hopkins, Johns
Johns Hopkins University, The
medicine, education in
medicine, history of
Africa, history of (I)
British Empire
Ganda
Great Britain, history of
Uganda
Coxey's Army
employment and unemployment
Olney, Richard
Pullman Strike
Pullman, George M.
strike
holiday
Labor Day
Dole, Sanford Ballard
Hawaii (state)
Art Nouveau
Bernhardt, Sarah
Mucha, Alfons
poster
Art Nouveau
Beardsley, Aubrey
book illustration
English art and architecture
Salome (biblical character)
Wilde, Oscar
children's literature
English literature (I)
Jungle Book, The
Kipling, Rudyard
astronomy, history of
Lowell, Percival
Mars (planet)
China, history of
Japan, history of
Korea, history of
Sino-Japanese Wars
Dreyfus affair
France, history of
Armenia (historic region)
Armenians:
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
Alexander III, Emperor of Russia
Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia
Russia, history of
drama
English literature (I)
Importance of Being Earnest, The
Irish literature
Victorian literature
Wilde, Oscar
China, history of
Japan, history of
Korea, history of
Li Hongzhang (Li Hung-chang)
Sino-Japanese Wars
film, history of (I)
Lumiere, Louis and Auguste
Paris (France)
communism
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich
Russia, history of
Siberia
bowling
sports, history of
Cuba
Latin America, history of
Marti, Jose
Spain, history of
Great Britain, history of
Jameson, Sir Leander Starr
Rhodes, Cecil John
South Africa
Transvaal
best-seller
periodical
publishing
medicine, history of
physics, history of
radiology
Roentgen, Wilhelm Conrad
science, history of
X rays
football
sports, history of
golf
sports, history of
library
New York (city)
New York Public Library
bowling
sports, history of
American literature
Crane, Stephen
Red Badge of Courage, The
Japan, history of
tsunami
Boheme, La
Italian music
music
opera
Puccini, Giacomo
American music
march
music
Sousa, John Philip
Africa, history of (I)
Ethiopia
Italy, history of
Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia
Athens (Greece)
Olympic Games
sports, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Utah
Alaska
Canada, history of
gold rush (U.S. history)
Klondike
Canada, history of
Laurier, Sir Wilfrid
Bryan, William Jennings
McKinley, William
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Canada, history of
Red Cross
automobile
American art and architecture
comic strip
Dirks, Rudolph
Art Nouveau
Austrian art and architecture
Klimt, Gustav
Secession movement
Ellis, Havelock
psychology, history of
Captains Courageous
children's literature
English literature (I)
Kipling, Rudyard
Cyrano de Bergerac
Cyrano de Bergerac, Savinien
drama
French literature
Rostand, Edmond
French art and architecture
painting
Rousseau, Henri
Hobart, Garret A.
McKinley, William
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Chekhov, Anton
drama
Russian literature
Uncle Vanya
method acting
Moscow Art Theater
Stanislavsky, Konstantin
theater, history of the
Boston
subway
technology, history of
transportation
Basel
Herzl, Theodor
Jews
Zionism
hotel
New York (city)
British Empire
China, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hong Kong
English literature (I)
science fiction
War of the Worlds, The
Wells, H. G.
Guam
Paris, treaties of
Philippines
Puerto Rico
Spain, history of
Spanish-American War
United States, history of the (I)
Cuba
Spain, history of
Hawaii (state)
United States, history of the (I)
Asia, history of (I)
Boxer Uprising
China, history of
Cixi, Dowager Empress of China (Tz'u-hsi)
Qing (Ch'ing dynasty)
Africa, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Kitchener, Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl
mahdi
Omdurman
Sudan
Africa, history of (I)
Fashoda Incident
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Sudan
Dewey, George
Manila
Philippines
Spain, history of
Spanish-American War
United States, history of the (I)
Spain, history of
Spanish-American War
United States, history of the (I)
Cuba
machine gun
Santiago de Cuba
Spanish-American War
United States, history of the (I)
Spain, history of
Spanish-American War
United States, history of the (I)
Cuba
Maine (ship)
Spain, history of
Spanish-American War
United States, history of the (I)
Cuba
Roosevelt, Theodore
Rough Riders
Spain, history of
Spanish-American War
United States, history of the (I)
Hearst, William Randolph
journalism
Spanish-American War
United States, history of the (I)
yellow journalism
American art and architecture
Homer, Winslow
painting
American music
Joplin, Scott
music
ragtime
Elgar, Sir Edward
English music
music
Africa, history of (I)
Afrikaners
Great Britain, history of
South Africa
South African War
China, history of
free trade
Hay, John M.
Open Door Policy
United States, history of the (I)
Aguinaldo, Emilio
Philippines
United States, history of the (I)
Beijing (Peking)
Boxer Uprising
China, history of
Galveston
hurricane and typhoon
Bryan, William Jennings
McKinley, William
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
census
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
Hardie, Keir
Labour party
Beijing (Peking)
Boxer Uprising
China, history of
Cixi, Dowager Empress of China (Tz'u-hsi)
Einthoven, Willem
electrocardiograph
medical instrumentation
medicine, history of
Dole, Sanford Ballard
Hawaii (state)
United States, history of the (I)
Congress of the United States
economics
gold
gold standard
New York (city)
Humbert I, King of Italy
Italy, history of
Savoy (dynasty)
Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy
boxing
Corbett, James J.
Jeffries, James J.
sports, history of
physics
physics, history of
Planck, Max
quantum mechanics
science, history of
dreams and dreaming
Freud, Sigmund
Interpretation of Dreams, The
psychoanalysis
psychology, history of
Aegean civilization
archaeology
Crete
Evans, Sir Arthur
Knossos
Minoan art
Afrikaners
Great Britain, history of
Pretoria
South Africa
South African War
sports, history of
tennis
mammoth
paleontology
Hammurabi, Code of
Hammurabi, King of Babylonia
Iran
stele
Susa
medicine, history of
mosquito (fly)
Reed, Walter
yellow fever
baseball
sports, history of
Carnegie Foundations
Carnegie, Andrew
foundations and endowments
Africa, history of (I)
Ashanti
British Empire
Ghana
Great Britain, history of
book illustration
children's literature
English literature (I)
Potter, Beatrix
Marconi, Guglielmo
Newfoundland (Canadian province)
radio
radio and television broadcasting
St. John's (Canada)
technology, history of
technology, history of
United States, history of the (I)
anarchism
McKinley, William
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Edward VII, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
Victoria, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Aguinaldo, Emilio
Philippines
United States, history of the (I)
McKinley, William
president of the United States
presidential elections
Roosevelt, Theodore
vice-president of the United States
China, history of
Manchuria
Russia, history of
concerto
music
piano
Rachmaninoff, Sergei
Russian music
Elgar, Sir Edward
English music
march
music
painting
Picasso, Pablo
Spanish art and architecture
Kansas
Nation, Carry Amelia
temperance movement
United States, history of the (I)
Australia, history of
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
bowling
sports, history of
Berger, Victor L.
Debs, Eugene V.
political parties
socialism
Socialist party
United States, history of the (I)
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan
English literature (I)
Holmes, Sherlock
Hound of the Baskervilles, The
mystery, suspense, and detective fiction
Cuba
Spanish-American War
United States, history of the (I)
Conrad, Joseph
English literature (I)
Heart of Darkness
novel
film, history of (I)
Melies, Georges
Caruso, Enrico
Italian music
opera
phonograph
sound recording and reproduction
drama
Gorky, Maksim
Moscow Art Theater
Russian literature
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr.
law, history of
Supreme Court of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
New York (city)
Photo-Secession
photography, history and art of
Stieglitz, Alfred
Africa, history of (I)
Botha, Louis
Great Britain, history of
Smuts, Jan
South Africa
South African War
Philippines
United States, history of the (I)
Alexander, King of Serbia
Peter I, King of Serbia
Serbia
cable
Manila
Pacific Ocean
San Francisco
American literature
Call of the Wild, The
London, Jack
naturalism (literature)
Ambassadors, The
American literature
James, Henry
novel
realism (literature)
drama
Edwardian literature
English literature (I)
Shaw, George Bernard
film, history of (I)
Porter, Edwin S.
Westerns
Pankhurst (family)
suffrage, women's
women's rights movements
Curie, Marie and Pierre
Nobel Prize
physics, history of
radioactivity
science, history of
aircraft
aviation
United States, history of the (I)
Wright, Orville and Wilbur
Bunau-Varilla, Philippe Jean
Cartagena (Colombia)
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
Latin America, history of
Panama
Panama Canal
United States, history of the (I)
automobile
automotive industry
Rolls Royce
Bunau-Varilla, Philippe Jean
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
Latin America, history of
Panama
Panama Canal
United States, history of the (I)
baseball
sports, history of
Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
communism
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich
Russia, history of
Italian music
Madama Butterfly
music
opera
Puccini, Giacomo
behaviorism
conditioning
Nobel Prize
Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich
psychology, history of
reflex
Barrie, Sir James
children's literature
drama
English literature (I)
London (England)
Peter Pan
capitalism
Protestant ethic
sociology
Weber, Max (sociologist)
Chekhov, Anton
Cherry Orchard, The
drama
realism (literature)
Russian literature
Japan, history of
Manchuria
Russia, history of
Russo-Japanese War
Parker, Alton Brooks
president of the United States
presidential elections
Roosevelt, Theodore
United States, history of the (I)
Abbey Theatre
Dublin (city in Ireland)
Gregory, Isabella Augusta, Lady
Irish Literary Renaissance
Irish literature
Synge, John Millington
theater, history of the
Yeats, William Butler
New York (city)
subway
technology, history of
transportation
Duma
Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia
Romanov (dynasty)
Russia, history of
Russian Revolution of 1905
electrical and electronic engineering
Fleming, Sir Ambrose
radio
music hall, vaudeville, and burlesque
New York (city)
Rogers, Will
De Leon, Daniel
Debs, Eugene V.
Industrial Workers of the World
labor unions
United States, history of the (I)
Japan, history of
Russia, history of
Russo-Japanese War
China, history of
Sun Yat-sen
Brucke, Die
expressionism (art):
German art and architecture
Heckel, Erich
Kirchner, Ernst Ludwig
Nolde, Emil
Pechstein, Max
Schmidt-Rottluff, Karl
France, history of
French colonial empire
Holstein, Friedrich von
Moroccan crises
Morocco (nation)
Triple Entente
Einstein, Albert
physics, history of
relativity
science, history of
German literature
poetry
Rilke, Rainer Maria
Derain, Andre
Fauvism
French art and architecture
Matisse, Henri
Binet, Alfred
child development
educational psychology
psychology, history of
Stanford-Binet test
Fairbanks, Charles Warren
president of the United States
presidential elections
Roosevelt, Theodore
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Alberta
Canada, history of
Saskatchewan
diamond
South Africa
Japan, history of
Russia, history of
Russo-Japanese War
Togo Heihachiro
Tsushima, Battle of
Griffith, Arthur
Ireland, history of
Sinn Fein
Haakon VII, King of Norway
Norway
Scandinavia, history of
Sweden
black Americans:
civil rights
Du Bois, W. E. B.
United States, history of the (I)
Edwardian literature
English literature (I)
Forsyte Saga, The
Galsworthy, John
novel
battleship
Dreadnought
naval vessels
Amundsen, Roald
Arctic
exploration
Northwest Passage
Aga Khan
India, history of
Muslim League
Dreyfus affair
France, history of
California
earthquake
San Francisco
Cuba
Platt Amendment
United States, history of the (I)
American literature
Jungle, The
muckrakers
naturalism (literature)
novel
pure food and drug laws
Sinclair, Upton
National Collegiate Athletic Association
sports, history of
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Russia, history of
Triple Entente
ballet
choreography
dance
Fokine, Mikhail
Pavlova, Anna
Abbey Theatre
drama
Irish Literary Renaissance
Irish literature
Playboy of the Western World, The
Synge, John Millington
De Forest, Lee
radio
technology, history of
triode
Oklahoma (state)
United States, history of the (I)
Alexandra Fyodorovna, Empress of Russia
Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia
Rasputin, Grigory Yefimovich
Romanov (dynasty)
Russia, history of
panic, financial
stock market
United States, history of the (I)
music hall, vaudeville, and burlesque
New York (city)
Ziegfeld Follies
Ziegfeld, Florenz
earthquake
Messina
Austria
Austria-Hungary
Bosnia and Hercegovina
Yugoslavia
Austrian art and architecture
Klimt, Gustav
symbolism (art)
automobile
automotive industry
Durant, William Crapo
Baden-Powell, Robert Stephenson Smyth
Scouting
documentary film
film, history of (I)
newsreel
Pathe, Charles
boxing
Johnson, Jack
sports, history of
children's literature
English literature (I)
Grahame, Kenneth
Wind in the Willows, The
Belgium
Leopold II, King of the Belgians
Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo):
Asquith, Herbert Henry, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith
Great Britain, history of
Liberal parties
prime minister
Christian Science
Christian Science Monitor, The
Eddy, Mary Baker
Braque, Georges
cubism
French art and architecture
modern art
Picasso, Pablo
Spanish art and architecture
American art and architecture
Ashcan school
Davies, Arthur B.
Glackens, William
Henri, Robert
Luks, George
New York (city)
Prendergast, Maurice
Shinn, Everett
Sloan, John
social realism
automobile
automotive industry
Ford (family)
Model T
black Americans:
Du Bois, W. E. B.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
United States, history of the (I)
meteorite craters
Siberia
Tunguska fireball
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
Young Turks
Bryan, William Jennings
president of the United States
presidential elections
Taft, William Howard
United States, history of the (I)
American art and architecture
architecture
Chicago (city)
house (in Western architecture)
prairie school
Robie House
Wright, Frank Lloyd
American art and architecture
Ashcan school
Bellows, George
Arctic
exploration
North Pole
Peary, Robert Edwin
American literature
poetry
Williams, William Carlos
American literature
Stein, Gertrude
aviation
Bleriot, Louis
English Channel
ballet
Ballets Russes de Serge Diaghilev
Diaghilev, Serge Pavlovich
Paris (France)
blues
Handy, W. C.
rhythm and blues
president of the United States
presidential elections
Sherman, James Schoolcraft
Taft, William Howard
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Abd al-Hamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Churchill, Sir Winston (statesman)
Great Britain, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Central African Republic
Chad
Congo (Brazzaville)
France, history of
French colonial empire
French Equatorial Africa
Gabon
French art and architecture
painting
Rousseau, Henri
bronzes
French art and architecture
Rodin, Auguste
sculpture
Edward VII, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
George V, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
bacteriology
Ehrlich, Paul (bacteriologist)
medicine, history of
syphilis
venereal disease:
Balla, Giacomo
Boccioni, Umberto
Carra, Carlo
futurism
Italian art and architecture
Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso
Severini, Gino
Asia, history of (I)
Japan, history of
Korea, history of
Diaz, Porfirio
Latin America, history of
Madero, Francisco I.
Mexico, history of
Villa, Pancho
Zapata, Emiliano
abstract art
Kandinsky, Wassily
painting
Russian art and architecture
architecture
Art Deco
decorative arts
Baden-Powell, Robert Stephenson Smyth
Scouting
Africa, history of (I)
Botha, Louis
Great Britain, history of
South Africa
aviation
Curtiss, Glenn Hammond
seaplane
American literature
Ethan Frome
novel
Wharton, Edith
American music
Berlin, Irving
music
ragtime
compass, navigational
gyroscope
Sperry, Elmer Ambrose
technology, history of
Chesterton, G. K.
English literature (I)
mystery, suspense, and detective fiction
anthropological linguistics
anthropology
Boas, Franz
alpha particle
detector, particle
Geiger counter
Geiger, Hans Wilhelm
physics, history of
Cyrenaica
Giolitti, Giovanni
Italo-Turkish War
Italy, history of
Libya
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
Diaz, Porfirio
Latin America, history of
Madero, Francisco I.
Mexico, history of
Villa, Pancho
Zapata, Emiliano
Amundsen, Roald
Antarctica
exploration
Scott, Robert Falcon
South Pole
German and Austrian music
music
opera
Rosenkavalier, Der
Strauss, Richard
Chagall, Marc
painting
Russian art and architecture
atom
atomic nucleus:
nuclear physics
physics, history of
Rutherford, Sir Ernest
China, history of
Qing (Ch'ing dynasty)
Sun Yat-sen
California
film, history of (I)
Hollywood (California)
China, history of
Tibet (Xizang)
air-conditioning
refrigeration
technology, history of
automobile racing
Indianapolis
decathlon
Olympic Games
pentathlon
sports, history of
Thorpe, Jim
Albania
Ottoman Empire
president of the United States
presidential elections
Roosevelt, Theodore
Taft, William Howard
United States, history of the (I)
Wilson, Woodrow
American literature
Burroughs, Edgar Rice
pulp magazines
Tarzan of the Apes
American literature
Cather, Willa
novel
Adler, Alfred
neurosis
psychology
psychology, history of
Antarctica
exploration
Great Britain, history of
Scott, Robert Falcon
South Pole
Dada
Duchamp, Marcel
French art and architecture
painting
continental drift
geophysics
paleogeography
plate tectonics
Wegener, Alfred Lothar
France, history of
Moroccan crises
Morocco (nation)
Spain, history of
Arizona
New Mexico
United States, history of the (I)
Arizona
United States, history of the (I)
Oakley, Kenneth
Piltdown man
science, history of
Afternoon of a Faun, The
ballet
Ballets Russes de Serge Diaghilev
choreography
Debussy, Claude
Diaghilev, Serge Pavlovich
Nijinsky, Vaslav
Balkan Wars
Balkans
Bulgaria
Greece
Montenegro
Ottoman Empire
Serbia
Turkey (country)
Italo-Turkish War
Italy, history of
Lausanne, Treaty of
Turkey (country)
iceberg
ocean liner
Titanic (ship)
Bull Moose party
presidential elections
Roosevelt, Theodore
United States, history of the (I)
American literature
Frost, Robert
poetry
mathematics, history of
Principia Mathematica
Russell, Bertrand
Whitehead, Alfred North
atom
atomic nucleus:
Bohr, Niels
nuclear physics
physics, history of
autobiography
English literature (I)
Lawrence, D. H.
novel
Sons and Lovers
income tax
taxation
United States, history of the (I)
ballet
Ballets Russes de Serge Diaghilev
Diaghilev, Serge Pavlovich
Nijinsky, Vaslav
Paris (France)
Russian music
Stravinsky, Igor
Indian literature
Nobel Prize
poetry
Tagore, Rabindranath
Constantine I, King of Greece
George I, King of Greece
Greece
French literature
novel
Proust, Marcel
Remembrance of Things Past
Africa, history of (I)
Gabon
Germany, history of
Schweitzer, Albert
Russia, history of
Siberia
Stalin, Joseph
De Mille, Cecil B.
film, history of (I)
Goldwyn, Samuel
Great Britain, history of
socialism
Webb, Sidney and Beatrice
constructivism
Gabo, Naum
Pevsner, Antoine
Russian art and architecture
Tatlin, Vladimir Yevgrafovich
Crete
Greece
Venizelos, Eleutherios
Federal Reserve System
money
United States, history of the (I)
Balkan Wars
Balkans
Bulgaria
Serbia
Huerta, Victoriano
Latin America, history of
Madero, Francisco I.
Mexico, history of
Marshall, Thomas R.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Wilson, Woodrow
Antarctica
exploration
Great Britain, history of
Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry
Falkland Islands
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
World War I (Part 1)
Austria-Hungary
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Franz Ferdinand, Austrian Archduke
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Russia, history of
Sarajevo
World War I (Part 1)
Austria-Hungary
Serbia
World War I (Part 1)
American music
black Americans:
blues
Handy, W. C.
Chaplin, Charlie
film, history of (I)
slapstick
Austria-Hungary
Europe, history of (I)
France, history of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Russia, history of
World War I (Part 1)
drama
English literature (I)
Pygmalion (play)
Shaw, George Bernard
Belgium
France, history of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Joffre, Joseph Jacques Cesaire
Marne River
Marne, Battles of the
Moltke, Helmuth Johannes Ludwig, Graf von
World War I (Part 1)
Germany, history of
submarine
World War I (Part 1)
China, history of
Germany, history of
Japan, history of
Qingdao (Tsingtao)
World War I (Part 1)
film, history of (I)
Keystone Kops
Sennett, Mack
slapstick
Chanel, Coco
costume
fashion design
Paris (France)
neutrality
United States, history of the (I)
Wilson, Woodrow
World War I (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Hindenburg, Paul von
Ludendorff, Erich
Russia, history of
Tannenberg, Battles of
World War I (Part 1)
canal
Goethals, George Washington
Panama
Panama Canal
Cyprus
Great Britain, history of
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
World War I (Part 1)
Carranza, Venustiano
Huerta, Victoriano
Marine Corps, U.S.
Mexico, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Veracruz (city)
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Lusitania (ship)
submarine
United States, history of the (I)
World War I (Part 1)
Einstein, Albert
physics, history of
relativity
science, history of
Dardanelles
France, history of
Gallipoli campaign
Gallipoli Peninsula
Great Britain, history of
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
World War I (Part 1)
Austrian literature
Kafka, Franz
film, history of (I)
Griffith, D. W.
Carranza, Venustiano
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Villa, Pancho
Zapata, Emiliano
English literature (I)
Maugham, W. Somerset
novel
Of Human Bondage
airship
aviation
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
World War I (Part 1)
Zeppelin, Ferdinand, Graf von
Austria-Hungary
Italy, history of
World War I (Part 1)
Carranza, Venustiano
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Wilson, Woodrow
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Germany, history of
Serbia
World War I (Part 1)
Australia, history of
Gallipoli campaign
New Zealand, history of
World War I (Part 1)
Arp, Jean
Dada
Duchamp, Marcel
Ernst, Max
Lissitzky, El
Picabia, Francis
Ray, Man
Schwitters, Kurt
Tzara, Tristan
France, history of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
poison gas
World War I (Part 1)
Ypres
Ypres, Battles of
Haiti
Marine Corps, U.S.
United States, history of the (I)
Germany, history of
Lithuania
Poland
World War I (Part 1)
Brooke, Rupert
English literature (I)
poetry
Dardanelles
France, history of
Gallipoli campaign
Gallipoli Peninsula
Great Britain, history of
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
World War I (Part 1)
American literature
poetry
Sandburg, Carl
armored vehicle
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Haig, Douglas Haig, 1st Earl
Somme River
Somme, Battles of the
World War I (Part 1)
Hughes, Charles Evans
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Wilson, Woodrow
Falkenhayn, Erich von
France, history of
Germany, history of
Joffre, Joseph Jacques Cesaire
Petain, Henri Philippe
Verdun
Verdun, Battle of
World War I (Part 1)
English literature (I)
Irish literature
Joyce, James
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, A
House of Representatives of the United States
Rankin, Jeannette
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
Lloyd George, David, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor
World War I (Part 1)
birth control
Brooklyn
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
Sanger, Margaret
floods and flood control
Netherlands
North Sea
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Jutland, Battle of
navy
World War I (Part 1)
Arabs
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
Turks
Collins, Michael (Irish revolutionary statesman)
de Valera, Eamon
Dublin (city in Ireland)
Easter Rising
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Irish Republican Army
Austria-Hungary
Brusilov, Aleksei Alekseyevich
Germany, history of
Russia, history of
World War I (Part 1)
railroad
Russia, history of
Siberia
technology, history of
Trans-Siberian Railroad
Marine Corps, U.S.
Santo Domingo
United States, history of the (I)
Mexico, history of
Pershing, John J.
United States, history of the (I)
Villa, Pancho
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
submarine
World War I (Part 1)
Marshall, Thomas R.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Wilson, Woodrow
American literature
Eliot, T. S.
poetry
Apollinaire, Guillaume
French literature
surrealism (art)
astronomy, history of
black hole
gravitational collapse
Schwarzschild radius
Schwarzschild, Karl
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
World War I (Part 1)
Ypres
Ypres, Battles of
Allenby of Megiddo, 1st Viscount
Baghdad
Great Britain, history of
Jerusalem
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
World War I (Part 1)
de Stijl
Doesburg, Theo van
Dutch art and architecture
Mondrian, Piet
English music
Holst, Gustav
music
English literature (I)
Wodehouse, Sir P. G.
Germany, history of
submarine
World War I (Part 1)
Germany, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War I (Part 1)
Austria-Hungary
Caporetto, Battle of
Italy, history of
World War I (Part 1)
Jung, Carl
psychiatry
psychoanalysis
unconscious
Arabs
Faisal I, King of Iraq
Great Britain, history of
Husayn ibn Ali
Lawrence, T. E.
Middle East, history of the (I)
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
Balfour Declaration
Balfour, Arthur, 1st Earl of Balfour
Great Britain, history of
Israel
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Weizmann, Chaim
Zionism
Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of
Germany, history of
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich
Russian Revolutions of 1917
Trotsky, Leon
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War I (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich
Russia, history of
Russian Revolutions of 1917
United States, history of the (I)
World War I (Part 1)
Kerensky, Aleksandr Fyodorovich
Russia, history of
Russian Revolutions of 1917
Munoz Rivera, Luis
Puerto Rico
United States, history of the (I)
Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia
Russia, history of
Russian Revolutions of 1917
Denmark
United States, history of the (I)
Virgin Islands
Germany, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War I (Part 1)
cryptology
Germany, history of
Mexico, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War I (Part 1)
France, history of
Nivelle, Robert Georges
World War I (Part 1)
American music
jazz
New York (city)
sound recording and reproduction
American literature
American music
journalism
Pulitzer Prize
Pulitzer, Joseph
Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
Kerensky, Aleksandr Fyodorovich
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich
Russia, history of
Russian Revolutions of 1917
Trotsky, Leon
France, history of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War I (Part 1)
astronomy, history of
Galaxy, The
Shapley, Harlow
American literature
novel
Tarkington, Booth
Germany, history of
Pershing, John J.
United States, history of the (I)
World War I (Part 1)
Fourteen Points
Wilson, Woodrow
World War I (Part 1)
Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of
Germany, history of
Russia, history of
airmail
aviation
postal services
diseases, human
infectious diseases
influenza
Austria
Czechoslovakia
Poland
World War I (Part 1)
Bloomsbury group
English literature (I)
Strachey, Lytton
Woolf, Virginia
Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
Kornilov, Lavr Georgiyevich
Russian Revolutions of 1917
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
Russian Revolutions of 1917
Trotsky, Leon
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
French music
Satie, Erik
aircraft, military
Germany, history of
Richthofen, Manfred, Freiherr von
World War I (Part 1)
Alexandra Fyodorovna, Empress of Russia
Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia
Romanov (dynasty)
Russia, history of
Russian Revolutions of 1917
World War I (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Netherlands
William II, Emperor of Germany
World War I (Part 1)
France, history of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hindenburg, Paul von
Ludendorff, Erich
World War I (Part 1)
Ebert, Friedrich
Germany, history of
Weimar Republic
World War I (Part 1)
Habsburg (dynasty)
Hungary
astronomy, history of
Mount Wilson Observatory
observatory, astronomical
telescope, optical
Great Britain, history of
Pankhurst (family)
suffrage, women's
airmail
boxing
Dempsey, Jack
sports, history of
Amritsar
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Alcock, Sir John William
aviation
transportation
American music
Gershwin, George and Ira
music
communism
Germany, history of
Luxemburg, Rosa
fascism
Italy, history of
Mussolini, Benito
Africa, history of (I)
Botha, Louis
Smuts, Jan
South Africa
Astor, Lady
Great Britain, history of
Parliament
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Zapata, Emiliano
communism
Goldman, Emma
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States, history of the (I)
Bauhaus
German art and architecture
Gropius, Walter
industrial design
modern architecture
baseball
sports, history of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Orkney Islands
Scapa Flow
World War I (Part 1)
Fourteen Points
Geneva
League of Nations
Paris Peace Conference
Switzerland
Clemenceau, Georges
Fourteen Points
Lloyd George, David, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor
Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele
Paris Peace Conference
Versailles
Wilson, Woodrow
World War I (Part 1)
Comintern
communism
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich
Paris Peace Conference
World War I (Part 1)
Pilsudski, Jozef
Poland
Polish-Soviet War
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Paris Peace Conference
Senate of the United States
World War I (Part 1)
radio and television broadcasting
Sarnoff, David
Great Britain, history of
Home Rule Bills
Ireland, history of
Austria-Hungary
Bethlen, Istvan, Count
Horthy de Nagybanya, Miklos
Hungary
Germany, history of
Hitler, Adolf
Nazism
American literature
Lewis, Sinclair
Main Street
novel
realism (literature)
sports, history of
tennis
Tilden, Bill
Africa, history of (I)
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
Kenya
Jews
Weizmann, Chaim
Zionism
abstract art
de Stijl
Dutch art and architecture
Mondrian, Piet
Art Deco
French art and architecture
glassware, decorative
Lalique, Rene
Africa, history of (I)
British Empire
German East Africa
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Tanzania
British Empire
civil disobedience
Gandhi, Mahatma
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Indian National Congress
pacifism and nonviolent movements
Carranza, Venustiano
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Obregon, Alvaro
Christie, Dame Agatha
English literature (I)
mystery, suspense, and detective fiction
constructivism
mobile (sculpture)
Rodchenko, Aleksandr Mikhailovich
Russian art and architecture
sculpture
American Civil Liberties Union
Eighteenth Amendment
prohibition
United States, history of the (I)
Nineteenth Amendment
suffrage, women's
United States, history of the (I)
Poland
Polish-Soviet War
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Nobel Prize
Wilson, Woodrow
Cox, James M.
Harding, Warren G.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich
Trotsky, Leon
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
League of Nations
League of Nations
Senate of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Alexander, King of Yugoslavia
Croatia
Serbia
Slovenia
Yugoslavia
anarchism
Sacco and Vanzetti case
United States, history of the (I)
Abd el-Krim
Berbers
Morocco (nation)
Spain, history of
cubism
French art and architecture
Leger, Fernand
Ernst, Max
German art and architecture
painting
surrealism (art)
Coolidge, Calvin
Harding, Warren G.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Supreme Court of the United States
Taft, William Howard
Germany, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War I (Part 1)
Hara Takashi
Japan, history of
film, history of (I)
Valentino, Rudolph
drama
Italian literature
Pirandello, Luigi
Six Characters in Search of an Author
Latin American art and architecture
mural painting
Rivera, Diego
Great Britain, history of
radio and television broadcasting
television, noncommercial
Collins, Michael (Irish revolutionary statesman)
Fine Gael
Great Britain, history of
Griffith, Arthur
Ireland, history of
Germany, history of
Paris Peace Conference
reparations
World War I (Part 1)
Canada, history of
King, W. L. Mackenzie
Liberal parties
American literature
Eliot, T. S.
poetry
Waste Land, The
Constantine I, King of Greece
George II, King of Greece
Greece
periodical
Wallace, DeWitt
British Empire
Egypt
Fuad I, King of Egypt
Great Britain, history of
Hague, The
International Court of Justice
etiquette
Post, Emily
archaeology
Carnarvon, George Edward, 5th Earl of
Carter, Howard
Egypt, ancient
Egyptology
Tutankhamen, King of Egypt
Valley of the Kings
Andrews, Roy Chapman
dinosaur
fossil record
Gobi
Irish literature
Joyce, James
novel
Ulysses (novel)
Ataturk, Kemal
Chanak Crisis
Great Britain, history of
Inonu, Ismet
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
civil disobedience
Gandhi, Mahatma
India, history of
pacifism and nonviolent movements
documentary film
film, history of (I)
Flaherty, Robert Joseph
Lincoln, Abraham
Washington, D.C.
Blackshirts
fascism
Italy, history of
Mussolini, Benito
Rome (Italy)
Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy
Cosgrave (family)
Fine Gael
Ireland, history of
Belarus
Russia, history of
Ukraine
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
American music
jazz
Oliver, King
Germany, history of
Hitler, Adolf
Munich
Munich Putsch
Nazism
aviation
Messerschmitt, Willy
Luce, Henry Robinson
periodical
Time (magazine)
Menuhin, Yehudi
violin
De Mille, Cecil B.
film, history of (I)
Germany, history of
reparations
Ruhr Valley
World War I (Part 1)
Alfonso XIII, King of Spain
Primo de Rivera, Miguel
Spain, history of
Irish Literary Renaissance
Irish literature
Nobel Prize
poetry
Yeats, William Butler
Buber, Martin
Jews
Judaism
philosophy
Oberth, Hermann
rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles
autogiro
aviation
Cierva, Juan de la
Baldwin, Stanley, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley
Conservative parties
Great Britain, history of
prime minister
Ataturk, Kemal
Lausanne, Treaty of
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
earthquake
Japan, history of
Tokyo
Yokohama
Ataturk, Kemal
Ottoman Empire
Turkey (country)
radio and television broadcasting
technology, history of
television
Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma
Coolidge, Calvin
Harding, Warren G.
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Germany, history of
Hitler, Adolf
Mein Kampf
Nazism
Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia
Mecca
Saudi Arabia
Coolidge, Calvin
Davis, John W.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
English literature (I)
Forster, E. M.
novel
Passage to India, A
de Broglie wavelength
de Broglie, Louis
electron
physics, history of
German literature
Magic Mountain, The
Mann, Thomas
novel
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Hoover, J. Edgar
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
Labour party
MacDonald, Ramsay
France (country)
Olympic Games
citizenship
Congress of the United States
native Americans
Dominican Republic
United States, history of the (I)
communism
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich
Stalin, Joseph
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
ice hockey
sports, history of
George II, King of Greece
Greece
Daugherty, Harry M.
Harding, Warren G.
Sinclair, Harry F.
Teapot Dome
United States, history of the (I)
Walsh, Thomas J.
Albania
Zog I, King of Albania
Turkmenistan
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Uzbekistan
American literature
Fitzgerald, F. Scott
Fitzgerald, Zelda Sayre
Great Gatsby, The
novel
American literature
Dos Passos, John
novel
astronomy, history of
extragalactic systems
Hubble, Edwin
automotive industry
Chrysler, Walter Percy
Baker, Josephine
dance
Paris (France)
agriculture, history of
Birdseye, Clarence
food industry
Ebert, Friedrich
Germany, history of
Hindenburg, Paul von
Weimar Republic
Coolidge, Calvin
Dawes, Charles G.
president of the United States
vice-president of the United States
Bryan, William Jennings
creationism
Darrow, Clarence S.
evolution
Scopes Trial
United States, history of the (I)
Iran
Middle East, history of the (I)
Reza Shah Pahlavi
Eisenstein, Sergei Mikhailovich
film, history of (I)
drawing
graphic arts
Klee, Paul
Europe, history of (I)
Locarno Pact
World War I (Part 1)
New York (city)
New Yorker, The
periodical
Ross, Harold
Charleston (dance)
dance, social:
American art and architecture
O'Keeffe, Georgia
golf
Jones, Bobby
sports, history of
Goddard, Robert
jet propulsion
rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles
air force
strategy and tactics, military
Carmona, Antonio Oscar de Fragoso
Portugal, history of
Chiang Kai-shek
China, history of
Northern Expedition
Zhang Zuolin (Chang Tso-lin)
de Valera, Eamon
Fianna Fail
Ireland, history of
children's literature
English literature (I)
Milne, A. A.
Winnie-the-Pooh
Abd el-Krim
France, history of
Morocco (nation)
Germany, history of
League of Nations
Hirohito, Emperor of Japan
Japan, history of
airship
Amundsen, Roald
Arctic
Ellsworth, Lincoln
exploration
Nobile, Umberto
North Pole
Arctic
Bennett, Floyd
Byrd, Richard E.
exploration
North Pole
music
Russian music
Shostakovich, Dmitry
symphony
Baldwin, Stanley, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley
general strike
Great Britain, history of
basketball
Chicago (city)
Harlem Globetrotters
sports, history of
Latin America, history of
Marine Corps, U.S.
Nicaragua
ballet
Duncan, Isadora
modern dance
American literature
Bridge of San Luis Rey, The
Wilder, Thornton
baseball
Ruth, Babe
sports, history of
American music
film, history of (I)
Jolson, Al
aviation
Lindbergh, Charles A.
New York (city)
Paris (France)
film, history of (I)
Laurel and Hardy
slapstick
ballet
Graham, Martha
modern dance
New York (city)
American music
Ellington, Duke
jazz
New York (city)
Bloomsbury group
English literature (I)
novel
To the Lighthouse
Woolf, Virginia
Aalto, Alvar
architecture
Finland
International Style (architecture)
astronomy, history of
big bang theory
cosmology (astronomy)
Lemaitre, Georges Edouard
expressionism (literature, theater, and film):
film, history of (I)
Lang, Fritz
German literature
Hesse, Hermann
Steppenwolf
fascism
Iron Guard
Romania
aviation
Earhart, Amelia
anthropology
Mead, Margaret
Amos 'n' Andy
radio and television broadcasting
American music
music
opera
Thomson, Virgil
American music
conducting
New York Philharmonic
Toscanini, Arturo
American literature
drama
Hecht, Ben
Brecht, Bertolt
drama
German literature
Threepenny Opera, The
Weill, Kurt
antibiotics
bacteriology
Fleming, Sir Alexander
medicine, history of
penicillin
Beijing (Peking)
Chiang Kai-shek
China, history of
Kuomintang
Northern Expedition
Zhang Zuolin (Chang Tso-lin)
Albania
Zog I, King of Albania
Mexico, history of
Obregon, Alvaro
English literature (I)
novel
Waugh, Evelyn
Dirac, Paul
fundamental particles
physics, history of
ballet
French music
music
Ravel, Maurice
Bunuel, Luis
Dali, Salvador
film, history of (I)
surrealism (film, literature, theater)
Garcia Lorca, Federico
poetry
Spanish literature
Bolivia
Chaco
Chaco War
Latin America, history of
Paraguay
Briand, Aristide
Kellogg, Frank B.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
war
communism
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Hoover, Herbert
president of the United States
presidential elections
Smith, Alfred E.
United States, history of the (I)
animation
Disney, Walt
film, history of (I)
Mickey Mouse
Alexander, King of Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Antarctica
Byrd, Richard E.
exploration
South Pole
American literature
Faulkner, William
novel
Sound and the Fury, The
English literature (I)
Graves, Robert
poetry
All Quiet on the Western Front (novel)
German literature
novel
Remarque, Erich Maria
American literature
Farewell to Arms, A
Hemingway, Ernest
novel
Cocteau, Jean
French literature
Germany, history of
Gestapo
Himmler, Heinrich
Hitler, Adolf
Curtis, Charles
Hoover, Herbert
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Arabs
Jerusalem
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Capone, Al
Chicago (city)
United States, history of the (I)
Stalin, Joseph
Trotsky, Leon
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Gasparri, Pietro
Italy, history of
Lateran Treaty
papacy
Papal States
Pius XI, Pope
Vatican City
Museum of Modern Art, The
museums, art
New York (city)
Depression of the 1930s
panic, financial
United States, history of the (I)
Wall Street
communism
Communist Party, U.S.A.
United States, history of the (I)
Academy Awards
film, history of (I)
American art and architecture
Hopper, Edward
painting
social realism
astronomy, history of
Pluto (planet)
Tombaugh, Clyde William
American literature
Crane, Hart
poetry
American art and architecture
painting
Wood, Grant
jet propulsion
technology, history of
turbine
Whittle, Sir Frank
Carol II, King of Romania
Romania
American literature
Hammett, Dashiell
Maltese Falcon, The (novel)
mystery, suspense, and detective fiction
American literature
Auden, W. H.
poetry
Brazil
Latin America, history of
Vargas, Getulio Dornelles
Africa, history of (I)
Ethiopia
Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia
Congress of the United States
Veterans Affairs, U. S. Department of
veterans' organizations
Depression of the 1930s
panic, financial
stock market
Dietrich, Marlene
film, history of (I)
Sternberg, Josef von
Coward, Sir Noel
drama
English literature (I)
London (England)
Istanbul
Turkey (country)
Bush, Vannevar
computer (I)
differential analyzer
science, history of
American art and architecture
comic strip
Gould, Chester
American literature
Runyon, Damon
American literature
Buck, Pearl S.
Good Earth, The
balloon
Piccard, Auguste
stratosphere
American art and architecture
Sacco and Vanzetti case
Shahn, Ben
social realism
bootlegging
Capone, Al
Chicago (city)
Arctic
submarine
Wilkins, Sir George Hubert
Japan, history of
Manchuria
Carothers, W. H.
chemistry, history of
nylon
synthetic fibers
textile industry
astronomy, history of
Jansky, Karl
radio astronomy
science, history of
Alfonso XIII, King of Spain
republic
Spain, history of
American art and architecture
Empire State Building
New York (city)
skyscraper
anthem
Key, Francis Scott
Star-Spangled Banner, The
United States, history of the (I)
George Washington Bridge
Anderson, Carl David
cloud chamber
electron
fundamental particles
physics, history of
positron
American art and architecture
Calder, Alexander
kinetic art
mobile (sculpture)
sculpture
American literature
Caldwell, Erskine
Tobacco Road
dictatorship
Portugal, history of
Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira
Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia
Middle East, history of the (I)
Saudi Arabia
Brave New World
English literature (I)
Huxley, Aldous
science fiction
Hauptmann, Bruno Richard
kidnapping
Lindbergh, Anne Morrow
Lindbergh, Charles A.
United States, history of the (I)
de Valera, Eamon
Fianna Fail
Ireland, history of
Japan, history of
Austria
chancellor
Dollfuss, Engelbert
atom
atomic nucleus:
Chadwick, Sir James
fundamental particles
neutron
physics, history of
Depression of the 1930s
New Deal
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
United States, history of the (I)
New York (city)
Radio City Music Hall
Rockefeller Center
Asia, history of (I)
monarchy
Thailand
fascism
Great Britain, history of
Mosley, Sir Oswald
Depression of the 1930s
employment and unemployment
United States, history of the (I)
Iraq
League of Nations
mandate system
Bonus Army
Hoover, Herbert
MacArthur, Douglas
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, D.C.
Royal Shakespeare Company
Shakespeare, William
Stratford-on-Avon
theater, history of the
accelerator, particle
Cavendish Laboratory
physics, history of
science, history of
Sydney (Australia)
anthropology
fossil record
prehistoric humans
Steinheim fossil
Berkeley, Busby
choreography
film, history of (I)
Astaire, Fred
dance
film, history of (I)
Rogers, Ginger
Armstrong, Edwin
FM radio
frequency modulation
radio
technology, history of
La Guardia, Fiorello
New York (city)
United States, history of the (I)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States, history of the (I)
cabinet
Perkins, Frances
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
United States, history of the (I)
French literature
Malraux, Andre
novel
Batista, Fulgencio
Cuba
Machado y Morales, Gerardo
American music
Dorsey, Jimmy and Tommy
swing
Germany, history of
Goebbels, Joseph
Nazism
propaganda
film, history of (I)
West, Mae
fascism
Norway
Quisling, Vidkun
chancellor
Germany, history of
Hindenburg, Paul von
Hitler, Adolf
Nazism
Third Reich
Garner, John Nance
president of the United States
presidential elections
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
banking systems
Depression of the 1930s
panic, financial
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
bootlegging
Eighteenth Amendment
prohibition
Twenty-First Amendment
United States, history of the (I)
farce
film, history of (I)
Marx Brothers
slapstick
Depression of the 1930s
National Recovery Administration
New Deal
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
United States, history of the (I)
Congress of the United States
Depression of the 1930s
New Deal
Tennessee Valley Authority
concentration camp
Germany, history of
Nazism
Depression of the 1930s
economics
gold standard
United States, history of the (I)
Depression of the 1930s
Ickes, Harold
New Deal
Public Works Administration
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
United States, history of the (I)
Congress of the United States
Depression of the 1930s
New Deal
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
communism
Germany, history of
Hitler, Adolf
Nazism
Reichstag
Alexander, King of Yugoslavia
Peter II, King of Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
American art and architecture
Capp, Al
comic strip
Austria
chancellor
Dollfuss, Engelbert
Nazism
American music
Broadway
musical comedy
Porter, Cole
agriculture, history of
Dust Bowl
Great Plains
sandstorm and dust storm
United States, history of the (I)
Black Muslims:
black nationalism
Muhammad, Elijah
United States, history of the (I)
Balanchine, George
ballet
Kirstein, Lincoln
American literature
erotica
Miller, Henry
Tropic of Cancer (novel)
Germany, history of
Hindenburg, Paul von
Hitler, Adolf
Haiti
United States, history of the (I)
League of Nations
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Dillinger, John
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Calles, Plutarco Elias
Cardenas, Lazaro
Mexico, history of
American literature
drama
Hellman, Lillian
China, history of
Long March
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)
bathyscaphe
Beebe, Charles W.
Germany, history of
Hitler, Adolf
Roehm, Ernst
Flemish art and architecture
Magritte, Rene
painting
surrealism (art)
ocean liner
Queen Mary
ship
Federal Communications Commission
radio and television broadcasting
United States, history of the (I)
labor force
National Labor Relations Board
Securities and Exchange Commission
stock market
United States, history of the (I)
American literature
novel
Wolfe, Thomas
atomic bomb
Dempster, Arthur Jeffrey
isotope
uranium
film, history of (I)
Temple, Shirley
Long (family)
Louisiana
United States, history of the (I)
Depression of the 1930s
New Deal
Works Progress Administration
Depression of the 1930s
New Deal
pension
social security
Benes, Eduard
Czechoslovakia
Masaryk, Tomas
Bolivia
Chaco War
Paraguay
film, history of (I)
Hitchcock, Alfred
American music
Gershwin, George and Ira
opera
Porgy and Bess
Germany, history of
Hitler, Adolf
Paris Peace Conference
Versailles
Ethiopia
Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia
Italy, history of
AFL-CIO
labor unions
American music
Goodman, Benny
jazz
swing
documentary film
film, history of (I)
Nazism
propaganda
Riefenstahl, Leni
atomic nucleus:
meson
nuclear physics
physics, history of
Yukawa, Hideki
American literature
drama
Sherwood, Robert E.
radar
technology, history of
Watson-Watt, Sir Robert Alexander
Anna Karenina
film, history of (I)
Garbo, Greta
games
Monopoly
Moscow
subway
transportation
anti-Semitism
Germany, history of
Holocaust
Jews
Nuremberg
George II, King of Greece
Greece
Berlin
black Americans:
Olympic Games
Owens, Jesse
sports, history of
track and field
dam
Hoover Dam
Mead, Lake
Edward VIII, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
George VI, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
Windsor (dynasty)
Axis (alliance)
Germany, history of
Hitler, Adolf
Italy, history of
Mussolini, Benito
Landon, Alf
president of the United States
presidential elections
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
United States, history of the (I)
Life (magazine)
Luce, Henry Robinson
periodical
dictatorship
George II, King of Greece
Greece
Metaxas, Ioannis
Armenia, Republic of
Azerbaijan (country)
Georgia, Republic of
Kazakhstan
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Franco, Francisco
Germany, history of
Italy, history of
Spain, history of
Spanish Civil War
Ethiopia
Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia
Italy, history of
Germany, history of
Hitler, Adolf
Nazism
Rhineland
Comintern
Germany, history of
Japan, history of
economics
Keynes, John Maynard
monetary theory
American literature
Gone With the Wind
Mitchell, Margaret
novel
Great Purge
Stalin, Joseph
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
radio and television broadcasting
technology, history of
television, noncommercial
Spain, history of
Spanish Civil War
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Franco, Francisco
Spain, history of
Spanish Civil War
music
Russian music
Shostakovich, Dmitry
American literature
novel
Of Mice and Men
Steinbeck, John
Latin America, history of
Nicaragua
Somoza (family)
aviation
Earhart, Amelia
ballet
Fonteyn, Dame Margot
Danish literature
Dinesen, Isak
children's literature
English literature (I)
Tolkien, J. R. R.
Egypt
Farouk, King of Egypt
Fuad I, King of Egypt
American art and architecture
Taliesin West
Wright, Frank Lloyd
film, history of (I)
Renoir, Jean
aircraft, military
Franco, Francisco
Germany, history of
Spain, history of
Spanish Civil War
Garner, John Nance
president of the United States
presidential elections
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
black Americans:
boxing
Louis, Joe
sports, history of
China, history of
Japan, history of
Sino-Japanese Wars
Baldwin, Stanley, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley
Chamberlain, Neville
Great Britain, history of
prime minister
American music
jazz
Shaw, Artie
swing
Edward VIII, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
Windsor (dynasty)
airship
aviation
Hindenburg
bridge (engineering)
Golden Gate Bridge
San Francisco
China, history of
Japan, history of
Sino-Japanese Wars
Buchenwald
Germany, history of
Holocaust
Nazism
Axis (alliance)
Comintern
Italy, history of
Italy, history of
League of Nations
Chang Jiang:
Japan, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
coelacanth
fish
American music
ballet
Copland, Aaron
music
American music
Fitzgerald, Ella
jazz
Chamberlain, Neville
Great Britain, history of
Munich Conference
Chamberlain, Neville
Daladier, Edouard
France, history of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hitler, Adolf
Munich
Munich Conference
Carlson, Chester Floyd
electrostatic printing
technology, history of
Budge, Don
sports, history of
tennis
Catalonia
Franco, Francisco
Spain, history of
Spanish Civil War
atomic bomb
fission, nuclear
Hahn, Otto
nuclear energy
science, history of
Benes, Eduard
Czechoslovakia
Germany, history of
Sudetenland
annexation
Austria
Germany, history of
Hitler, Adolf
Schuschnigg, Kurt von
Cardenas, Lazaro
Mexico, history of
petroleum
Congress of the United States
minimum wage
pen
technology, history of
Ataturk, Kemal
Inonu, Ismet
Turkey (country)
anti-Semitism
Germany, history of
Holocaust
Jews
anti-Semitism
Freud, Sigmund
Nazism
Mercury Theatre
radio and television broadcasting
War of the Worlds, The
Welles, Orson
American music
jazz
Miller, Glenn
swing
subversion
Un-American Activities, House Committee on
United States, history of the (I)
China, history of
Great Britain, history of
Japan, history of
Sino-Japanese Wars
United States, history of the (I)
American literature
Our Town
Pulitzer Prize
Wilder, Thornton
animation
Disney, Walt
film, history of (I)
American literature
Grapes of Wrath, The (novel)
novel
Steinbeck, John
France, history of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Poland
World War II (Part 1)
Baum, L. Frank
film, history of (I)
Garland, Judy
Wizard of Oz, The (book)
film, history of (I)
Gable, Clark
Gone With the Wind
Leigh, Vivien
Mitchell, Margaret
English literature (I)
Isherwood, Christopher
Germany, history of
Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Ribbentrop, Joachim von
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Franco, Francisco
Madrid
Spain, history of
Spanish Civil War
Czechoslovakia
Germany, history of
World War II (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Italy, history of
Germany, history of
Poland
World War II (Part 1)
aviation
helicopter
Sikorsky, Igor
technology, history of
Albania
Italy, history of
Zog I, King of Albania
New York (city)
world's fairs
Balfour Declaration
Great Britain, history of
Palestine
Zionism
aviation
transportation
chemical bond
chemistry, history of
Pauling, Linus Carl
atomic bomb
Einstein, Albert
Manhattan Project
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
technology, history of
United States, history of the (I)
neutrality
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Australia, history of
Menzies, Sir Robert Gordon
Germany, history of
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Poland
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II (Part 1)
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
World War II (Part 1)
agriculture, history of
DDT
Muller, Paul
pesticides and pest control
aircraft
aircraft, military
aviation
jet propulsion
technology, history of
Finland
Russo-Finnish War
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
clothing industry
costume
nylon
American literature
McCullers, Carson
novel
air force
aircraft, military
Britain, Battle of
Germany, history of
Goering, Hermann
Great Britain, history of
Hurricane (aircraft)
Messerschmitt Bf-109
Spitfire
World War II (Part 1)
American literature
For Whom the Bell Tolls
Hemingway, Ernest
novel
Stalin, Joseph
Trotsky, Leon
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
conscription
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Japan, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
de Gaulle, Charles
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
London (England)
World War II (Part 1)
Britain, Battle of
World War II (Part 1)
France, history of
Germany, history of
Paris (France)
Petain, Henri Philippe
Vichy Government
World War II (Part 1)
Denmark
France, history of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Norway
World War II (Part 1)
Finland
Russia, history of
Russo-Finnish War
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Egypt
Graziani, Rodolfo
Great Britain, history of
Italy, history of
Libya
Wavell, Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl
World War II (Part 1)
France, history of
Italy, history of
World War II (Part 1)
Axis (alliance)
Indochina
Japan, history of
Vietnam
World War II (Part 1)
president of the United States
presidential elections
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
United States, history of the (I)
Willkie, Wendell L.
Antonescu, Ion
Axis (alliance)
Carol II, King of Romania
Horthy de Nagybanya, Miklos
Hungary
Romania
World War II (Part 1)
archaeology
cave dwellers
Lascaux
prehistoric art
American literature
Chandler, Raymond T.
Farewell, My Lovely
mystery, suspense, and detective fiction
Dunkerque
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
World War II (Part 1)
armored vehicle
Belgium
blitzkrieg
France, history of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Guderian, Heinz
Netherlands
Stuka
World War II (Part 1)
Baltic States
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II (Part 1)
bridge (engineering)
Tacoma
American literature
black American literature:
Native Son
Wright, Richard
Chamberlain, Neville
Churchill, Sir Winston (statesman)
Great Britain, history of
prime minister
battleship
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
naval vessels
World War II (Part 1)
baseball
DiMaggio, Joe
sports, history of
Atlantic Charter
Churchill, Sir Winston (statesman)
Great Britain, history of
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
submarine
World War II (Part 1)
airborne troops
Crete
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
World War II (Part 1)
Brecht, Bertolt
drama
German literature
Mother Courage
Crete
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Greece
World War II (Part 1)
Yugoslavia
Germany, history of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II (Part 1)
American art and architecture
Borglum, Gutzon
Rushmore, Mount
Ho Chi Minh
Indochina
Japan, history of
Viet Minh
Vietnam
World War II (Part 1)
Hong Kong
Japan, history of
Malaysia
Philippines
World War II (Part 1)
Wake Island
World War II (Part 1)
Hong Kong
World War II (Part 1)
Churchill, Sir Winston (statesman)
Karsh, Yousuf
photography, history and art of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hess, Rudolf
World War II (Part 1)
film, history of (I)
Welles, Orson
Four Freedoms
human rights
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
United States, history of the (I)
president of the United States
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Wallace, Henry A.
Africa, history of (I)
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Rommel, Erwin
World War II (Part 1)
aircraft, military
Britain, Battle of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
London (England)
World War II (Part 1)
Guam
World War II (Part 1)
Ethiopia
World War II (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Moscow
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II (Part 1)
Japan, history of
Pearl Harbor
Tojo Hideki
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Yamamoto Isoroku
Cambodia
Indochina
Japan, history of
Thailand
World War II (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Italy, history of
Japan, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
China, history of
Great Britain, history of
Lend-Lease
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Japan, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Iceland
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Stalingrad, Battle of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II (Part 1)
Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich
aircraft carrier
Japan, history of
Midway
navy
Nimitz, Chester W.
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Yamamoto Isoroku
Aleutian Islands
World War II (Part 1)
Academy Awards
Cagney, James
film, history of (I)
aircraft, military
Doolittle, James
Japan, history of
Tokyo
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Bataan
Corregidor
Japan, history of
MacArthur, Douglas
Philippines
United States, history of the (I)
Wainwright, Jonathan M.
World War II (Part 1)
American music
Crosby, Bing
Bataan
Japan, history of
Philippines
United States, history of the (I)
Wainwright, Jonathan M.
World War II (Part 1)
American literature
Thurber, James
Camus, Albert
French literature
novel
Stranger, The
British Empire
Gandhi, Mahatma
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Bataan
MacArthur, Douglas
Philippines
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
France, history of
Germany, history of
Toulon
Vichy
World War II (Part 1)
Eichmann, Adolf
Germany, history of
Hitler, Adolf
Holocaust
Jews
World War II (Part 1)
Bergman, Ingrid
Bogart, Humphrey
film, history of (I)
Rains, Claude
film, history of (I)
neorealism
Visconti, Luchino
atomic bomb
chain reaction, nuclear
Fermi, Enrico
Manhattan Project
United States, history of the (I)
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Libya
Montgomery of Alamein, Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount
Rommel, Erwin
World War II (Part 1)
Egypt
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Rommel, Erwin
Tobruk
World War II (Part 1)
Caucasia
Germany, history of
Stalingrad, Battle of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II (Part 1)
Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich
Alamein, El
Egypt
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Montgomery of Alamein, Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount
Rommel, Erwin
World War II (Part 1)
Indonesia
Japan, history of
Malaysia
Myanmar
Singapore
World War II (Part 1)
air force
aircraft, military
Cologne
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
World War II (Part 1)
Caucasia
Germany, history of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II (Part 1)
Asian Americans
concentration camp
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Guadalcanal
Japan, history of
Marine Corps, U.S.
Solomon Islands
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Algeria
Bradley, Omar N.
Clark, Mark W.
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
Germany, history of
Morocco (nation)
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Peenemunde
rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles
V-2
von Braun, Wernher
World War II (Part 1)
aircraft, military
B-17 Flying Fortress
B-24 Liberator
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
American literature
Ballad of the Sad Cafe, The
McCullers, Carson
novel
American literature
Fountainhead, The
novel
Rand, Ayn
Churchill, Sir Winston (statesman)
Great Britain, history of
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Churchill, Sir Winston (statesman)
Great Britain, history of
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Stalin, Joseph
Tehran
Tehran Conference
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Being and Nothingness
existentialism
French literature
novel
Sartre, Jean Paul
Beauvoir, Simone de
French literature
novel
airborne troops
Germany, history of
Italy, history of
Mussolini, Benito
World War II (Part 1)
Cousteau, Jacques Yves
scuba diving
Badoglio, Pietro
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Italy, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Badoglio, Pietro
Italy, history of
Mussolini, Benito
World War II (Part 1)
American music
Hammerstein, Oscar, II
musical comedy
Rodgers, Richard
atomic bomb
Los Alamos National Scientific Laboratory
Manhattan Project
Oppenheimer, J. Robert
United States, history of the (I)
American music
black Americans:
Broadway
Othello
Robeson, Paul
Jefferson, Thomas
Washington, D.C.
Bradley, Omar N.
Clark, Mark W.
Great Britain, history of
Italy, history of
Montgomery of Alamein, Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount
Sicily
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Clark, Mark W.
Great Britain, history of
Italy, history of
Montgomery of Alamein, Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Naples
World War II (Part 1)
Axis (alliance)
Bradley, Omar N.
Clark, Mark W.
Great Britain, history of
Montgomery of Alamein, Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount
Rommel, Erwin
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Stalingrad, Battle of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II (Part 1)
Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich
World War II (Part 1)
Germany, history of
ghetto
Holocaust
Jews
Poland
Warsaw
World War II (Part 1)
Aleutian Islands
World War II (Part 1)
Dnepr River
Germany, history of
Kiev
Smolensk
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II (Part 1)
armored vehicle
Germany, history of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II (Part 1)
Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich
American music
ballet
Copland, Aaron
music
amphibious warfare
Bradley, Omar N.
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
France, history of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Normandy Invasion
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
France, history of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Normandy Invasion
Paris (France)
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Anzio
Clark, Mark W.
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Italy, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
World War II (Part 1)
Marshall Islands
World War II (Part 1)
aircraft, military
B-29 Superfortress
Japan, history of
Mariana Islands
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Clark, Mark W.
Germany, history of
Italy, history of
Rome (Italy)
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
France, history of
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Great Britain, history of
Japan, history of
Myanmar
World War II (Part 1)
Athens (Greece)
communism
EAM-ELAS
Great Britain, history of
Greece
World War II (Part 1)
World War II (Part 1)
communism
Tito
World War II (Part 1)
Yugoslavia
English literature (I)
Maugham, W. Somerset
novel
Colette
French literature
Germany, history of
Hitler, Adolf
World War II (Part 1)
Avery, Oswald T.
biochemistry
cell
nucleic acid:
Germany, history of
Poland
Warsaw
Warsaw Uprising
World War II (Part 1)
Bulgaria
Germany, history of
Romania
World War II (Part 1)
president of the United States
presidential elections
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Truman, Harry S.
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Crimea
Germany, history of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Poland
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Warsaw
World War II (Part 1)
American literature
drama
Glass Menagerie, The
Williams, Tennessee
G.I. Bill of Rights
United States, history of the (I)
Veterans Affairs, U. S. Department of
Veterans of Foreign Wars
Bulge, Battle of the
Germany, history of
Patton, George S.
Rundstedt, Karl Rudolf Gerd von
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Saint Petersburg (Russia)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II (Part 1)
Berlin
World War II (Part 1)
New Guinea
World War II (Part 1)
Aachen
Germany, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Bretton Woods Conference
foreign aid
United States, history of the (I)
World Bank
Denmark
Iceland
Guam
Japan, history of
Mariana Islands
Marine Corps, U.S.
Saipan
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Japan, history of
navy
Nimitz, Chester W.
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
London (England)
rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles
V-1
V-2
World War II (Part 1)
Belsen
concentration camp
Dachau
Eichmann, Adolf
Germany, history of
Treblinka
World War II (Part 1)
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Rhine River
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Iwo Jima
World War II (Part 1)
acting
Olivier, Laurence Kerr, Baron Olivier of Brighton
Richard III (play)
theater, history of the
Animal Farm
English literature (I)
fable
Orwell, George
American music
bebop
Gillespie, Dizzy
jazz
Parker, Charlie
Attlee, Clement, 1st Earl Attlee
Churchill, Sir Winston (statesman)
Great Britain, history of
Labour party
Churchill, Sir Winston (statesman)
Great Britain, history of
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Stalin, Joseph
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Yalta
Yalta Conference
president of the United States
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Truman, Harry S.
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Churchill, Sir Winston (statesman)
Great Britain, history of
Potsdam
Potsdam Conference
Stalin, Joseph
Truman, Harry S.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
atomic bomb
Manhattan Project
nuclear weapon
Arab League
Arabs
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Lebanon
Middle East, history of the (I)
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Yemen
drama
French literature
Giraudoux, Jean
Japan, history of
MacArthur, Douglas
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
aircraft, military
Germany, history of
jet propulsion
World War II (Part 1)
rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles
space exploration
United States, history of the (I)
von Braun, Wernher
Austria
Germany, history of
World War II (Part 1)
Okinawa
World War II (Part 1)
Berlin
Braun, Eva
Doenitz, Karl
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Hitler, Adolf
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Ho Chi Minh
Indochina
Viet Minh
Vietnam
Indonesia
Sukarno
Great Britain, history of
Japan, history of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
North Korea
South Korea
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Berlin
Germany, history of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II (Part 1)
Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich
fascism
Italy, history of
Mussolini, Benito
World War II (Part 1)
World War II (Part 1)
Chiang Kai-shek
China, history of
communism
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)
Betancourt, Romulo
Latin America, history of
Venezuela
president of the United States
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Truman, Harry S.
United States, history of the (I)
Manila
Philippines
World War II (Part 1)
Elbe River
World War II (Part 1)
aircraft, military
Japan, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
Zero (aircraft)
Japan, history of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II (Part 1)
atomic bomb
Hiroshima (city)
Japan, history of
Nagasaki
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
World War II (Part 1)
Lie, Trygve Halvdan
United Nations
Germany, history of
Nuremberg
Nuremberg Trials
war crimes
World War II (Part 1)
Tito
Yugoslavia
Japan, history of
MacArthur, Douglas
Philippines
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
All the King's Men (novel)
American literature
novel
Warren, Robert Penn
Bulgaria
communism
Dimitrov, Georgi Mikhailov
Nazism
Nuremberg
Nuremberg Trials
World War II (Part 1)
child development
Spock, Benjamin
Damaskinos
EAM-ELAS
Greece
computer (I)
Eckert, John Presper
ENIAC
Mauchly, John W.
technology, history of
Italy, history of
Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy
de Gaulle, Charles
France, history of
Greek literature, modern
Kazantzakis, Nikos
Argentina
Latin America, history of
Peron, Eva
Peron, Juan D.
League of Nations
United Nations
Hirohito, Emperor of Japan
Japan, history of
MacArthur, Douglas
Cabrini, Saint Frances Xavier
canonization
saint
United States, history of the (I)
French art and architecture
Le Corbusier
Marseille
modern architecture
Philippines
Quirino, Elpidio
Roxas y Acuna, Manuel
France, history of
French colonial empire
Ho Chi Minh
Indochina
Viet Minh
Vietnam
Lebanon
Middle East, history of the (I)
Middle East, history of the (I)
Syria
Churchill, Sir Winston (statesman)
cold war
Europe, history of (I)
Iron Curtain
abstract expressionism
American art and architecture
modern art
Pollock, Jackson
abstract expressionism
American art and architecture
color-field painting
modern art
Rothko, Mark
baseball
black Americans:
Robinson, Jackie
sports, history of
atomic bomb
espionage
Great Britain, history of
aviation
jet propulsion
sound barrier
technology, history of
Yeager, Chuck
Beecham, Sir Thomas
English music
London (England)
orchestra and orchestration
Gabor, Dennis
holography
technology, history of
camera
Land, Edwin
photography, history and art of
Britten, Benjamin
English music
music
opera
costume
Dior, Christian
fashion design
French literature
Gide, Andre
Nobel Prize
Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe
Romania
Gandhi, Mahatma
Great Britain, history of
India, history of
Jinnah, Muhammad Ali
Nehru, Jawaharlal
Pakistan
Gandhi, Mahatma
India, history of
Nehru, Jawaharlal
Edinburgh, Philip Mountbatten, Duke of
Elizabeth II, Queen of England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland
Great Britain, history of
balsa
exploration
Heyerdahl, Thor
Kon-Tiki
Peru
Polynesia
American literature
drama
Streetcar Named Desire, A
Williams, Tennessee
archaeology
biblical archaeology
Dead Sea
Dead Sea Scrolls
Hebrew language
Judaism
foreign aid
Marshall Plan
Marshall, George C.
United States, history of the (I)
Christian X, King of Denmark
Denmark
Congress of the United States
Greece
Truman, Harry S.
Turkey (country)
communism
Hungary
Arabs
Israel
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
United Nations
India, history of
India-Pakistan Wars
Kashmir
Pakistan
Frank, Anne
Holocaust
Jews
Nazism
Kinsey reports
sexual development
American music
Bizet, Georges
Carmen
New York City Opera
opera
Sills, Beverly
American literature
Mailer, Norman
Naked and the Dead, The
novel
Arab-Israeli Wars
Arabs
Egypt
Iraq
Israel
Jews
Jordan
Middle East, history of the (I)
Syria
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
Myanmar
Korea, history of
Korea:
Rhee, Syngman
Dewey, Thomas E.
president of the United States
presidential elections
Truman, Harry S.
United States, history of the (I)
Japan, history of
Tojo Hideki
war crimes
World War II (Part 1)
Blankers-Koen, Fanny
Olympic Games
sports, history of
track and field
Balanchine, George
ballet
New York City Ballet
Gandhi, Mahatma
India, history of
Latin America, history of
North America
Organization of American States
communism
Czechoslovakia
Iron Curtain
De Sica, Vittorio
film, history of (I)
neorealism
Israel
Jews
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
communism
Stalin, Joseph
Tito
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Yugoslavia
communism
Hungary
Rakosi, Matyas
British Empire
communism
Great Britain, history of
Malaysia
communism
Kim Il Sung
Korea, history of
Korea:
Berlin
Berlin Airlift
Clay, Lucius D.
cold war
Germany, history of
Great Britain, history of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States, history of the (I)
Bardeen, John
Brattain, Walter
Shockley, William
solid-state physics
technology, history of
transistor
apartheid
South Africa
Verwoerd, Hendrik F.
abstract expressionism
American art and architecture
Motherwell, Robert
American art and architecture
Johnson, Philip
modern architecture
American literature
Death of a Salesman
drama
Miller, Arthur
bronzes
English art and architecture
Moore, Henry
sculpture
English literature (I)
Newspeak
Nineteen Eighty-Four
novel
Orwell, George
EAM-ELAS
Greece
Papagos, Alexandros
Chiang Kai-shek
China, history of
communism
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)
Adenauer, Konrad
chancellor
Germany
Germany, history of
American music
Davis, Miles
jazz
Chiang Kai-shek
China, history of
Taiwan
American music
Broadway
Hammerstein, Oscar, II
musical comedy
Rodgers, Richard
Abdullah
Jordan
Indonesia
Netherlands
Acheson, Dean
Europe, history of (I)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
United States, history of the (I)
communism
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
Barkley, Alben W.
president of the United States
Truman, Harry S.
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Berlin
Berlin Airlift
cold war
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Canada, history of
Newfoundland (Canadian province)
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Adenauer, Konrad
Germany
Germany, history of
atomic bomb
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Germany
Germany, history of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
India, history of
India-Pakistan Wars
Kashmir
Pakistan
New York (city)
United Nations
Inonu, Ismet
Menderes, Adnan
Turkey (country)
comic strip
Schulz, Charles M.
China, history of
Tibet (Xizang)
Korea:
Korea:
Korean War
American literature
Asimov, Isaac
Hugo Award
science fiction
film, history of (I)
Kurosawa, Akira
hydrogen bomb
Truman, Harry S.
United States, history of the (I)
McCarthy, Joseph R.
Un-American Activities, House Committee on
United States, history of the (I)
Korea:
Korean War
MacArthur, Douglas
United Nations
United States, history of the (I)
Hiss, Alger
McCarthy, Joseph R.
Nixon, Richard M.
perjury
Un-American Activities, House Committee on
United States, history of the (I)
China, history of
Korea:
Korean War
MacArthur, Douglas
United Nations
United States, history of the (I)
Inchon
Korea:
Korea:
Korean War
MacArthur, Douglas
United Nations
United States, history of the (I)
Kaesong
Korea:
Korea:
Korean War
United States, history of the (I)
American literature
novel
Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr.
American literature
Moore, Marianne
poetry
American literature
Catcher in the Rye, The
novel
Salinger, J. D.
American literature
Jones, James
novel
abstract art
American art and architecture
Davis, Stuart
modern art
Anzus Treaty
Australia, history of
New Zealand, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Germany, history of
Japan, history of
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
automobile racing
Fangio, Juan Manuel
sports, history of
boxing
Robinson, Sugar Ray
sports, history of
Churchill, Sir Winston (statesman)
Conservative parties
Great Britain, history of
espionage
Great Britain, history of
Ball, Lucille
radio and television broadcasting
slapstick
music
opera
Russian music
Stravinsky, Igor
espionage
Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel
United States, history of the (I)
Abdullah
Jordan
Palestine
Baudouin I, King of the Belgians
Belgium
Leopold III, King of the Belgians
Korean War
MacArthur, Douglas
Truman, Harry S.
United States, history of the (I)
Iran
Mosaddeq, Muhammad
Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi
petroleum
American music
Broadway
Hammerstein, Oscar, II
musical comedy
Rodgers, Richard
radio and television broadcasting
technology, history of
television
president of the United States
Twenty-Second Amendment
United States, history of the (I)
Korean War
Seoul
China, history of
Korea:
Korea:
Korean War
United Nations
United States, history of the (I)
Korean War
Seoul
radio and television broadcasting
television
television production
video recording
census
computer (I)
Eckert, John Presper
Mauchly, John W.
technology, history of
UNIVAC
Batista, Fulgencio
Cuba
Christie, Dame Agatha
drama
English literature (I)
London (England)
mystery, suspense, and detective fiction
American art and architecture
Hiroshima (city)
Noguchi, Isamu
sculpture
American literature
Charlotte's Web
children's literature
White, E. B.
Aegean civilization
archaeology
Linear B
Ventris, Michael
aviation
Yeager, Chuck
Korea:
Korean War
United States, history of the (I)
British Empire
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Helsinki
Olympic Games
sports, history of
track and field
Zatopek, Emil
dance
film, history of (I)
Kelly, Gene
Argentina
Peron, Eva
Peron, Juan D.
Cooper, Gary
film, history of (I)
Kelly, Grace
Westerns
Zinnemann, Fred
American art and architecture
Bunshaft, Gordon
International Style (architecture)
modern architecture
Korea:
Korean War
United Nations
United States, history of the (I)
Egypt
Farouk, King of Egypt
Africa, history of (I)
Ghana
Nkrumah, Kwame
Nobel Prize
Schweitzer, Albert
Callas, Maria
Covent Garden
London (England)
music
opera
Elizabeth II, Queen of England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland
George VI, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Great Britain, history of
Windsor (dynasty)
Beckett, Samuel
drama
Irish literature
Paris (France)
theater of the absurd
Waiting for Godot
aviation
jet propulsion
Munoz Marin, Luis
Puerto Rico
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Kenya
Kenyatta, Jomo
Mau Mau
hydrogen bomb
Teller, Edward
United States, history of the (I)
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
president
presidential elections
Stevenson (family)
United States, history of the (I)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Turkey (country)
Nixon, Richard M.
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Cape Canaveral
Redstone
rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles
space exploration
von Braun, Wernher
laser
maser
optics
physics, history of
Townes, Charles Hard
Connolly, Maureen
sports, history of
tennis
Adventures of Augie March, The
American literature
Bellow, Saul
novel
Korea:
Korea:
Korean War
United States, history of the (I)
cold war
hydrogen bomb
nuclear weapon
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
American literature
drama
Miller, Arthur
Salem Witch Trials
American literature
Baldwin, James
black American literature:
black Americans:
novel
Hungary
Nagy, Imre
Hammarskjold, Dag
Lie, Trygve Halvdan
United Nations
Everest, Mount
Hillary, Sir Edmund
mountain climbing
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
Nixon, Richard M.
president of the United States
presidential elections
vice-president of the United States
Batista, Fulgencio
Castro, Fidel
Cuba
golf
Hogan, Ben
sports, history of
Hefner, Hugh
periodical
Hussein I, King of Jordan
Jordan
Ben-Gurion, David
Israel
Sharett, Moshe
bathyscaphe
Piccard, Auguste
biochemistry
Crick, Francis
Franklin, Rosalind
nucleic acid:
science, history of
Watson, James D.
Wilkins, Maurice
Dulles, John Foster
State, U.S. Department of
United States, history of the (I)
French colonial empire
Indochina
Laos
Beria, Lavrenti Pavlovich
KGB
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
film, history of (I)
Monroe, Marilyn
fundamental particles
Gell-Mann, Murray
physics, history of
bubble chamber
Glaser, Donald
nuclear physics
physics, history of
Malenkov, Georgy M.
Stalin, Joseph
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
artificial organs
heart-lung machine
medicine, history of
Oakley, Kenneth
Piltdown man
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
integration, racial
United States, history of the (I)
American literature
Hunter, Evan
Bacon, Francis (painter)
English art and architecture
portraiture
English literature (I)
Golding, William
Lord of the Flies
novel
drama
English literature (I)
radio and television broadcasting
Thomas, Dylan
Under Milk Wood
Bannister, Roger
sports, history of
track and field
Dien Bien Phu, Battle of
France, history of
Indochina
Viet Minh
Vietnam
Vo Nguyen Giap
Egypt
Nasser, Gamal Abdel
English literature (I)
Fleming, Ian
mystery, suspense, and detective fiction
Fellini, Federico
film, history of (I)
Actors Studio
Brando, Marlon
film, history of (I)
Kazan, Elia
method acting
Algeria
Algerian War
France, history of
French colonial empire
McCarthy, Joseph R.
Un-American Activities, House Committee on
United States, history of the (I)
Geneva conferences
Ho Chi Minh
Indochina
Viet Minh
Vietnam
canal
Great Lakes
St. Lawrence Seaway
Nautilus (submarine)
naval vessels
Rickover, Hyman
submarine
Argentina
Peron, Eva
Peron, Juan D.
American art and architecture
Johns, Jasper
modern art
American art and architecture
modern art
portraiture
Rivers, Larry
American music
rock music
Churchill, Sir Winston (statesman)
Conservative parties
Eden, Sir Anthony
Great Britain, history of
Austria
World War II (Part 1)
English literature (I)
Greene, Graham
novel
children's literature
English literature (I)
Tolkien, J. R. R.
Ben-Gurion, David
Israel
Sharett, Moshe
Dean, James
film, history of (I)
medicine, history of
poliomyelitis
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Salk, Jonas
vaccination
American music
Anderson, Marian
black Americans:
Metropolitan Opera
black Americans:
civil rights
integration, racial
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
pacifism and nonviolent movements
United States, history of the (I)
AFL-CIO
labor unions
black Americans:
boycott
civil rights
Parks, Rosa
Nabokov, Vladimir
novel
Russian literature
film, history of (I)
Ray, Satyajit
Germany
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Warsaw
Warsaw Treaty Organization
paleontology
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre
American literature
beat generation
Ginsberg, Allen
poetry
Eden, Sir Anthony
Egypt
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Suez Crisis
Cyprus
EOKA
Great Britain, history of
Makarios III
Abbey Theatre
Behan, Brendan
drama
Irish literature
London (England)
Eden, Sir Anthony
Egypt
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
Israel
Middle East, history of the (I)
Nasser, Gamal Abdel
Suez Crisis
English art and architecture
Hamilton, Richard
modern art
pop art
American literature
drama
Long Day's Journey into Night
O'Neill, Eugene
Castro, Fidel
Cuba
guerrilla
Guevara, Che
Latin America, history of
Kelly, Grace
Monaco
Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
boxing
Marciano, Rocky
sports, history of
Arab-Israeli Wars
Dayan, Moshe
Egypt
Gaza Strip
Israel
Middle East, history of the (I)
Sinai
Suez Crisis
Angry Young Men
English literature (I)
London (England)
Osborne, John
American music
Lerner, Alan Jay, and Loewe, Frederick
musical comedy
New York (city)
Pygmalion (play)
Latin America, history of
Nicaragua
Somoza (family)
Egypt
Great Britain, history of
Nasser, Gamal Abdel
Suez Canal
communism
Poland
Ngo Dinh Diem
Vietnam
American music
Presley, Elvis
rock music
Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich
Stalin, Joseph
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Africa, history of (I)
Egypt
Great Britain, history of
Sudan
Hungarian Revolution
Hungary
Kadar, Janos
Nagy, Imre
Rakosi, Matyas
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
ocean liner
ship
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
president
presidential elections
Stevenson (family)
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
France, history of
French colonial empire
Morocco (nation)
Tunisia
American literature
beat generation
Kerouac, Jack
On the Road
black Americans:
Gibson, Althea
sports, history of
tennis
Ayer, A. J.
philosophy
Conservative parties
Eden, Sir Anthony
Great Britain, history of
Macmillan, Harold
prime minister
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
Nixon, Richard M.
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
American literature
book illustration
children's literature
Seuss, Dr.
Duvalier, Francois
Haiti
Africa, history of (I)
Ghana
Nkrumah, Kwame
American music
choreography
Robbins, Jerome
Canada, history of
Conservative parties
Diefenbaker, John G.
St. Laurent, Louis Stephen
Durrell, Lawrence
English literature (I)
novel
International Geophysical Year
science, history of
Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich
Malenkov, Georgy M.
Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Bergman, Ingmar
film, history of (I)
British Empire
Tonga
Arab-Israeli Wars
Egypt
Gaza Strip
Israel
United Nations
satellite, artificial
space exploration
Sputnik
technology, history of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Viet Cong
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Abdul Rahman, Tunku
Malaysia
civil rights
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
integration, racial
Little Rock
capitalism
conspicuous consumption
economics
Galbraith, John Kenneth
golf
Palmer, Arnold
sports, history of
Albee, Edward
American literature
drama
Zoo Story, The
American literature
Capote, Truman
novella and novelette
pacifism and nonviolent movements
Russell, Bertrand
Beirut
Lebanon
Marine Corps, U.S.
Middle East, history of the (I)
Arabs
Egypt
Middle East, history of the (I)
Nasser, Gamal Abdel
Syria
United Arab Republic
Ayub Khan, Muhammad
Pakistan
American music
Bernstein, Leonard
conducting
New York Philharmonic
Bulganin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich
Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
apartheid
South Africa
Verwoerd, Hendrik F.
Doctor Zhivago
novel
Pasternak, Boris
Russian literature
Pele (athlete)
soccer
sports, history of
Algeria
Algerian War
de Gaulle, Charles
France, history of
Europe, history of (I)
European Community:
Algeria
Algerian War
Algiers
France, history of
French colonial empire
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
space exploration
United States, history of the (I)
Explorer
satellite, artificial
space exploration
United States, history of the (I)
Vanguard
ballistic missile
rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles
United States, history of the (I)
Arctic
Nautilus (submarine)
North Pole
submarine
artificial organs
biomedical engineering
heartbeat
medicine, history of
pacemaker, artificial
Alaska
United States, history of the (I)
American literature
novel
Uris, Leon
American literature
Burroughs, William S.
novel
African prehistory
anthropology
Australopithecus
Leakey (family)
Olduvai Gorge
prehistoric humans
American art and architecture
collage
modern art
pop art
Rauschenberg, Robert
Cyprus
EOKA
Great Britain, history of
Makarios III
Batista, Fulgencio
Castro, Fidel
communism
Cuba
Latin America, history of
film, history of (I)
Godard, Jean Luc
New Wave
film, history of (I)
New Wave
Resnais, Alain
film, history of (I)
New Wave
Truffaut, Francois
German literature
Grass, Gunter
novel
Tin Drum, The
Hawaii (state)
United States, history of the (I)
Great Lakes
St. Lawrence Seaway
Lee Kuan Yew
Singapore
American literature
black American literature:
Broadway
drama
Hansberry, Lorraine
Raisin in the Sun, A
astronaut
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
space exploration
United States, history of the (I)
American music
Holly, Buddy
rock music
American music
Broadway
Hammerstein, Oscar, II
Lindsay, Howard, and Crouse, Russel
Rodgers, Richard
air-cushion vehicle
Cockerell, Charles Robert
technology, history of
transportation
aviation
Boeing, William Edward
jet propulsion
transportation
China, history of
Dalai Lama
India
Tibet (Xizang)
Tibetan Buddhism
American art and architecture
Guggenheim (family)
Guggenheim Museum
modern architecture
museums, art
New York (city)
Wright, Frank Lloyd
Luna (spacecraft)
Moon
space exploration
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
aviation
jet propulsion
space exploration
X-series aircraft
Yeager, Chuck
Davis, Benjamin O.
integration, racial
Africa, history of (I)
South Africa
Menderes, Adnan
Turkey (country)
Korea:
Rhee, Syngman
American literature
novel
Updike, John
laser
Maiman, Theodore Harold
optics
physics, history of
Olympic Games
Rome (Italy)
Rudolph, Wilma
sports, history of
track and field
Agadir
earthquake
Morocco (nation)
Africa, history of (I)
Belgium
Lumumba, Patrice
Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo):
Africa, history of (I)
Balewa, Sir Abubakar Tafawa
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
Nigeria
Africa, history of (I)
Congo crisis
Lumumba, Patrice
Tshombe, Moise Kapenda
Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo):
film, history of (I)
Hitchcock, Alfred
Eichmann, Adolf
Holocaust
Israel
Nazi hunters
Wiesenthal, Simon
Africa, history of (I)
Central African Republic
Chad
Congo (Brazzaville)
France, history of
French colonial empire
Gabon
Caretaker, The
drama
English literature (I)
Pinter, Harold
Antonioni, Michelangelo
film, history of (I)
bathyscaphe
Mariana Trench
Piccard, Auguste
meteorology
satellite, artificial
space exploration
technology, history of
TIROS
religious broadcasting
Robertson, Pat
Bandaranaike, Sirimavo:
Bandaranaike, Solomon W.R.D.:
prime minister
Sri Lanka
African National Congress
Luthuli, Albert John
Nobel Prize
South Africa
Africa, history of (I)
Congo crisis
Lumumba, Patrice
Shaba
Tshombe, Moise Kapenda
Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo):
Madagascar
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Senegal
Somalia
Togo
communications satellite
Echo (satellite)
satellite, artificial
space exploration
technology, history of
telecommunications
American music
Four Tops, The
Gaye, Marvin
Motown
Robinson, Smokey
Ross, Diana
soul music
Temptations, The
Wonder, Stevie
Africa, history of (I)
African National Congress
South Africa
aerial photography
intelligence operations
U-2 (aircraft)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States, history of the (I)
astronomy, history of
extragalactic systems
quasar
radio astronomy
Polaris (missile)
rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles
submarine
Brasilia
Brazil
Costa, Lucio
Kubitschek, Juscelino
Latin American art and architecture
Niemeyer, Oscar
Africa, history of (I)
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Ivory Coast
Kennedy, John F.
Nixon, Richard M.
presidential elections
radio and television broadcasting
United States, history of the (I)
Viet Cong
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Germany
Ulbricht, Walter
Kennedy, John F.
Nixon, Richard M.
presidential elections
Africa, history of (I)
Angola
Neto, Agostinho Antonio
Portugal, history of
Castro, Fidel
Cuba
United States, history of the (I)
American literature
Catch-22
Heller, Joseph
novel
Bay of Pigs invasion
Castro, Fidel
Central Intelligence Agency
Cuba
Kennedy, John F.
United States, history of the (I)
Mercury program
Redstone
Shepard, Alan B., Jr.
space exploration
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
Nyerere, Julius K.
Tanzania
English literature (I)
novel
Spark, Muriel
film, history of (I)
Moreau, Jeanne
New Wave
Truffaut, Francois
Goa
India, history of
Portugal, history of
De Sica, Vittorio
film, history of (I)
Loren, Sophia
Moravia, Alberto
Boheme, La
Italian music
opera
Pavarotti, Luciano
Puccini, Giacomo
Johnson, Lyndon B.
Kennedy, John F.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Kennedy, John F.
Vietnam
Vietnam War
ACTION
Kennedy, John F.
United States, history of the (I)
Apollo program
Kennedy, John F.
space exploration
United States, history of the (I)
Dominican Republic
Latin America, history of
Trujillo, Rafael
baseball
Maris, Roger
Ruth, Babe
sports, history of
American literature
Heinlein, Robert
science fiction
Stranger in a Strange Land
ballet
Nureyev, Rudolf
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Gagarin, Yuri
space exploration
technology, history of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Vostok
Bergman, Ingrid
film, history of (I)
Von Sydow, Max
Berlin
Berlin Wall
Germany
guerrilla
Iraq
Kurdistan
Kurds
Middle East, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Rwanda
Sierra Leone
birth defects
drug
Food and Drug Administration
medicine, history of
thalidomide
Congo crisis
Hammarskjold, Dag
United Nations
Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo):
London (England)
National Theatre
Olivier, Laurence Kerr, Baron Olivier of Brighton
theater, history of the
novel
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
Russian literature
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr
Africa, history of (I)
Algeria
Algerian War
ben Bella, Ahmed
France, history of
French colonial empire
film, history of (I)
Monroe, Marilyn
history
Tuchman, Barbara
American literature
novel
Porter, Katherine Anne
American literature
Kesey, Ken
novel
One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)
Glenn, John H., Jr.
Mercury program
space exploration
United States, history of the (I)
cold war
U-2 (aircraft)
Eichmann, Adolf
Holocaust
Israel
war crimes
basketball
black Americans:
Chamberlain, Wilt
sports, history of
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
Trinidad and Tobago
Williams, Eric
Africa, history of (I)
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
Obote, Milton
Uganda
film, history of (I)
Lean, David
Burgess, Anthony
English literature (I)
novel
Thant, U
United Nations
Albee, Edward
American literature
Broadway
drama
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
costume
fashion design
Paris (France)
Saint Laurent, Yves
American music
Dylan, Bob
folk music
rock music
France, history of
Pompidou, Georges
republic
film, history of (I)
Polanski, Roman
American art and architecture
modern art
pop art
silk-screen printing
Warhol, Andy
Carson, Rachel
DDT
pesticides and pest control
science, history of
Silent Spring
Burton, Richard
Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt
film, history of (I)
Taylor, Elizabeth (actress)
boxing
Patterson, Floyd
sports, history of
Beatles, The
Lennon, John
rock music
Castro, Fidel
cold war
Cuba
Cuban Missile Crisis
intelligence operations
Kennedy, John F.
Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States, history of the (I)
Mariner
space exploration
technology, history of
Venus (astronomy)
Engel v. Vitale
First Amendment
school prayer:
Supreme Court of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Burundi
British Empire
Jamaica
Western Samoa:
communications satellite
satellite, artificial
space exploration
technology, history of
Telstar
black Americans:
integration, racial
Mississippi
United States, history of the (I)
Congo crisis
Shaba
Tshombe, Moise Kapenda
United Nations
Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo):
arms control
cold war
Great Britain, history of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States, history of the (I)
Arecibo Observatory
astronomy, history of
observatory, astronomical
radio astronomy
Africa, history of (I)
Nkomo, Joshua
Zimbabwe
European Community:
France, history of
Great Britain, history of
civil rights
Evers (family)
espionage
Great Britain, history of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
English literature (I)
Le Carre, John
novel
film, history of (I)
Kubrick, Stanley
black Americans:
Brown, Jim
football
sports, history of
golf
Nicklaus, Jack
sports, history of
Kennedy, John F.
Oswald, Lee Harvey
United States, history of the (I)
Warren Commission
Africa, history of (I)
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
Kenya
Kenyatta, Jomo
Ben-Gurion, David
Eshkol, Levi
Israel
Adenauer, Konrad
chancellor
Erhard, Ludwig
Germany
Johnson, Lyndon B.
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Malaysia
Sabah
Sarawak
Singapore
black Americans:
civil rights
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
pacifism and nonviolent movements
United States, history of the (I)
Washington, D.C.
American art and architecture
comic strip
Lichtenstein, Roy
modern art
pop art
Dallas
Kennedy, John F.
Oswald, Lee Harvey
Texas
United States, history of the (I)
Warren Commission
Ngo Dinh Diem
Vietnam
Vietnam War
automobile racing
Clark, Jim
sports, history of
Conservative parties
Douglas-Home, Sir Alec
Great Britain, history of
Macmillan, Harold
prime minister
space exploration
Tereshkova, Valentina Vladimirovna Nikolayeva
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Vostok
American literature
Bell Jar, The
novel
Plath, Sylvia
aviation
space exploration
technology, history of
X-series aircraft
Addis Ababa
Africa, history of (I)
Ethiopia
Organization of African Unity
rock music
Rolling Stones, The
film, history of (I)
Fleming, Ian
Africa, history of (I)
African National Congress
Mandela, Nelson
South Africa
Alaska
earthquake
United States, history of the (I)
American art and architecture
modern architecture
Saarinen, Eero
St. Louis
astronomy, history of
background radiation
big bang theory
cosmology (astronomy)
Beatles, The
Lennon, John
rock music
Africa, history of (I)
Banda, H. Kamuzu
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
Malawi
Africa, history of (I)
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
Kaunda, Kenneth D.
Zambia
Africa, history of (I)
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
Zanzibar
automobile
Breedlove, Craig
jet propulsion
Machel, Samora Moises
Mozambique
Portugal, history of
Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia
Saud, King of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
Cyprus
Greece
Makarios III
Turkey (country)
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Westmoreland, William C.
Diaz Ordaz, Gustavo
Latin America, history of
Mexico, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Smith, Ian D.
Zimbabwe
book illustration
Caldecott Medal
children's literature
Sendak, Maurice
India
Nehru, Jawaharlal
Humphrey, Hubert H., Jr.
Johnson, Lyndon B.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Ali, Muhammad
black Americans:
boxing
sports, history of
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
Tonkin, Gulf of
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Brook, Peter
directing
drama
German literature
Weiss, Peter
atom
atomic nucleus:
fundamental particles
Gell-Mann, Murray
physics, history of
quark
Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich
Kosygin, Aleksei N.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
civil rights
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
Nobel Prize
Africa, history of (I)
Tanzania
Zanzibar
Moon
Ranger
space exploration
technology, history of
Great Britain, history of
Labour party
Wilson, Harold
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine
Palestine Liberation Organization
aerial photography
aircraft, military
SR-71
Feoktistov, Konstantin P.
Komarov, Vladimir
Korolev, Sergei
space exploration
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Voskhod
Yegorov, Boris B.
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
British Empire
Malta
black Americans:
Civil Rights Acts
discrimination
equal opportunity
United States, history of the (I)
cancer (disease)
medicine, history of
smoking
Ammann, Othmar Hermann
bridge (engineering)
Brooklyn
New York (city)
Staten Island
Verrazano-Narrows Bridge
Kennedy, John F.
Oswald, Lee Harvey
United States, history of the (I)
Warren Commission
American music
Brice, Fanny
Broadway
musical comedy
Streisand, Barbra
Styne, Jule
American Dream, An
American literature
Mailer, Norman
novel
Indonesia
Suharto
blackout, electrical
power, generation and transmission of
Gemini program
life-support systems
space exploration
White, Edward H., II
astronaut
Gemini program
Grissom, Virgil I.
space exploration
Young, John W.
costume
fashion design
Bosch, Juan
Dominican Republic
United States, history of the (I)
Borman, Frank
Gemini program
Lovell, James
Schirra, Walter M., Jr.
space exploration
Stafford, Thomas P.
Africa, history of (I)
Algeria
ben Bella, Ahmed
Boumedienne, Houari
Alabama
black Americans:
civil rights
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
Montgomery
pacifism and nonviolent movements
Selma
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Kasavubu, Joseph
Mobutu Sese Seko
Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo):
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
American literature
Broadway
drama
Matthau, Walter
Simon, Neil
Ceausescu, Nicolae
Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe
Romania
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
California
Los Angeles
race riots
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Great Britain, history of
Smith, Ian D.
Zimbabwe
Lee Kuan Yew
Malaysia
Singapore
Leonov, Aleksei
space exploration
Voskhod
black Americans:
Black Muslims:
Malcolm X
New York (city)
United States, history of the (I)
Houston
stadium
Texas
Mariner
Mars (planet)
space exploration
automobile
automotive industry
Nader, Ralph
safety, automotive
Ayub Khan, Muhammad
India
India-Pakistan Wars
Kashmir
Pakistan
health-care systems
Medicaid
Medicare
social security
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
British Empire
Gambia
Maldives, Republic of
Humphrey, Hubert H., Jr.
Johnson, Lyndon B.
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
American literature
Capote, Truman
novel
Arno River
Florence (Italy)
Italy, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Gowon, Yakubu
Nigeria
Gandhi, Indira
India
Ireland, history of
Lynch, John
China, history of
Cultural Revolution
Jiang Qing (Chiang Ch'ing)
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)
Africa, history of (I)
Balewa, Sir Abubakar Tafawa
Nigeria
de Gaulle, Charles
France, history of
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Africa, history of (I)
Ghana
Nkrumah, Kwame
American art and architecture
modern art
pop art
sculpture
Segal, George
apartheid
South Africa
Verwoerd, Hendrik F.
black Americans:
Brooke, Edward W.
Senate of the United States
Moon
space exploration
Surveyor
aircraft
aviation
VTOL/STOL
Luna (spacecraft)
Moon
space exploration
Ayub Khan, Muhammad
India
India-Pakistan Wars
Pakistan
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Africa, history of (I)
Botswana
Lesotho
British Empire
Guyana
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam War
Washington, D.C.
drama
English literature (I)
Stoppard, Tom
Africa, history of (I)
Biafra
Gowon, Yakubu
Nigeria
Ojukwu, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu
astronaut
Chaffee, Roger
Grissom, Virgil I.
space exploration
United States, history of the (I)
White, Edward H., II
Constantine II, King of Greece
Greece
American literature
novel
Oates, Joyce Carol
Aden
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
Yemen
Barnard, Christiaan
heart diseases
medicine, history of
surgery
transplantation, organ
Latin America, history of
Nicaragua
Somoza (family)
Bolivia
guerrilla
Guevara, Che
Latin America, history of
Nguyen Van Thieu
Vietnam
Vietnam War
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
film, history of (I)
Fonda (family)
Nicholson, Jack
football
Namath, Joe
sports, history of
American art and architecture
Fuller, R. Buckminster
geodesic dome
modern architecture
world's fairs
astronomy, history of
Hewish, Antony
Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory
pulsar
radio astronomy
film, history of (I)
Poitier, Sidney
Steiger, Rod
Komarov, Vladimir
Soyuz
space exploration
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
King, Billie Jean
sports, history of
tennis
soccer
sports, history of
Arab-Israeli Wars
Egypt
Gaza Strip
Israel
Jerusalem
Jordan
Middle East, history of the (I)
Syria
West Bank
aircraft
aviation
space exploration
technology, history of
X-series aircraft
American music
rock music
black Americans:
Marshall, Thurgood
Supreme Court of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
boats and boating
Chichester, Sir Francis
Beamon, Bob
Olympic Games
sports, history of
track and field
Chicago (city)
Daley, Richard J.
Democratic party
political convention
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Swaziland
Ashe, Arthur
black Americans:
sports, history of
tennis
black Americans:
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
United States, history of the (I)
Olympic Games
sports, history of
track and field
Clarke, Arthur C.
film, history of (I)
Kubrick, Stanley
Killy, Jean Claude
Olympic Games
skiing
sports, history of
Costa-Gavras, Constantin
film, history of (I)
Onassis, Aristotle
Onassis, Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy
United States, history of the (I)
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Deep-Sea Drilling Project
oceanography
Latin America, history of
Panama
Torrijos Herrera, Omar
Canada, history of
Liberal parties
Pearson, Lester B.
Trudeau, Pierre Elliott
film, history of (I)
Polanski, Roman
Portugal
Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira
Johnson, Lyndon B.
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Kennedy (family)
Kennedy, Robert F.
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Equatorial Guinea
Spain, history of
Domingo, Placido
Metropolitan Opera
opera
Spanish music
tenor
de Gaulle, Charles
France, history of
Anders, William Alison
Apollo program
Borman, Frank
Lovell, James
Moon
space exploration
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Northern Ireland
firearms
gun control
United States, history of the (I)
Humphrey, Hubert H., Jr.
Nixon, Richard M.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Apollo program
Cunningham, R. Walter
Eisele, Donn F.
rockets, missiles, and space launch vehicles
Saturn (rocket)
Schirra, Walter M., Jr.
space exploration
intelligence operations
Korea:
Pueblo Incident
United States, history of the (I)
Nauru
United States, history of the (I)
Viet Cong
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Mauritius
My Lai incident
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Czechoslovakia
Dubcek, Alexander
Husak, Gustav
Warsaw Treaty Organization
American music
counterculture
rock music
Woodstock Festival
American literature
novel
Slaughterhouse-Five
Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr.
Laver, Rod
sports, history of
tennis
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Northern Ireland
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
United States, history of the (I)
Manson, Charles
Polanski, Roman
Idris, King of Libya
Libya
Middle East, history of the (I)
Qaddafi, Muammar al-
Kennedy (family)
Kennedy, Edward M.
United States, history of the (I)
Aldrin, Buzz
Armstrong, Neil A.
Moon
space exploration
Africa, history of (I)
Nimeiry, Muhammad Gaafar al-
Sudan
de Gaulle, Charles
France, history of
Pompidou, Georges
Burger, Warren Earl
Supreme Court of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Warren, Earl
Eshkol, Levi
Israel
Meir, Golda
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam War
Washington, D.C.
Apollo program
astronaut
Moon
space exploration
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Irish Republican Army
Northern Ireland
Czechoslovakia
Dubcek, Alexander
Husak, Gustav
Agnew, Spiro T.
Nixon, Richard M.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Ayub Khan, Muhammad
Pakistan
Kennedy, Robert F.
United States, history of the (I)
Nixon, Richard M.
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
aircraft
aviation
Concorde
supersonic transport
technology, history of
transportation
Muppets
radio and television broadcasting
Sesame Street
television, noncommercial
civil rights
gay activism
homosexuality
El Salvador
Honduras
Latin America, history of
Brandt, Willy
chancellor
Germany
Arafat, Yasir
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine Liberation Organization
Court, Margaret Smith
sports, history of
tennis
British Empire
Fiji
Great Britain, history of
Jordan
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine Liberation Organization
Conservative parties
Great Britain, history of
Heath, Edward
prime minister
Egypt
Middle East, history of the (I)
Nasser, Gamal Abdel
Sadat, Anwar al-
Assad, Hafez al-
Middle East, history of the (I)
Syria
Allende, Salvador
Chile
Latin America, history of
Marxism
agriculture, history of
Borlaug, Norman Ernest
green revolution
Nobel Prize
plant breeding
National Guard
Ohio
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam War
earthquake
Peru
Cambodia
Khmer Rouge
Nixon, Richard M.
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam War
Gierek, Edward
Gomulka, Wladyslaw
Poland
American music
guitar
Hendrix, Jimi
rock music
Cambodia
Khmer Rouge
Lon Nol
Norodom Sihanouk
Amtrak
Metroliner
railroad
transportation
United States, history of the (I)
Apollo program
Haise, Fred W.
Lovell, James
space exploration
Swigert, John L., Jr.
United States, history of the (I)
Beatles, The
Lennon, John
rock music
aerospace industry
aircraft
aviation
technology, history of
arms control
nuclear strategy
nuclear weapon
environmental impact statement
Environmental Protection Agency
pollution, environmental
United States, history of the (I)
space exploration
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Venera
Venus (astronomy)
Aswan
Aswan High Dam
dam
Egypt
hydroelectric power
Nile River
Africa, history of (I)
Biafra
Gowon, Yakubu
Nigeria
Ojukwu, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu
Lloyd Webber, Andrew
musical comedy
rock music
Thant, U
United Nations
Waldheim, Kurt
Latin American literature
Neruda, Pablo
Nobel Prize
Banzer Suarez, Hugo
Bolivia
Latin America, history of
New York Times Company v. United States
Pentagon Papers
United States, history of the (I)
Bangladesh
Mujibur Rahman
Pakistan
Germany
Honecker, Erich
China, history of
embargo
free trade
United States, history of the (I)
Esposito, Phil
ice hockey
sports, history of
Duvalier, Francois
Duvalier, Jean Claude
Haiti
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam War
Washington, D.C.
Ali, Muhammad
boxing
Frazier, Joe
sports, history of
My Lai incident
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Faulkner, Brian
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Irish Republican Army
Northern Ireland
Africa, history of (I)
Amin Dada, Idi
Obote, Milton
Uganda
Laos
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Dobrovolsky, Georgy T.
Patsayev, Viktor
Salyut
Soyuz
space exploration
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Volkov, Vladislav Nikolayevich
Africa, history of (I)
Congo (Brazzaville)
Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo):
Apollo program
Irwin, James
Lunar Rover
Scott, David R.
space exploration
Worden, Alfred M.
Attica prison riot
prison
China, history of
Taiwan
United Nations
Persian Gulf
United Arab Emirates
Bangladesh
India
India-Pakistan Wars
Mujibur Rahman
Pakistan
Alabama
United States, history of the (I)
Wallace, George
B-52 Stratofortress
Haiphong
Hanoi
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
chess
Fischer, Bobby
Spassky, Boris
Ms.
periodical
Steinem, Gloria
women's rights movements
Olympic Games
Spitz, Mark
sports, history of
swimming
earthquake
Managua
Nicaragua
Apollo program
Cernan, Eugene
Evans, Ronald
Moon
Schmitt, Harrison H.
space exploration
Bandaranaike, Sirimavo:
Sri Lanka
DDT
pesticides and pest control
pollution, environmental
United States, history of the (I)
Brando, Marlon
Coppola, Francis Ford
film, history of (I)
Bangladesh
Mujibur Rahman
Pakistan
Munich
Olympic Games
Palestine Liberation Organization
terrorism
Marcos, Ferdinand E.
Philippines
Nixon, Richard M.
space exploration
Space Shuttle
United States, history of the (I)
Beijing (Peking)
China
Kissinger, Henry A.
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)
Nixon, Richard M.
United States, history of the (I)
African prehistory
anthropology
Kenya
Leakey (family)
prehistoric humans
Skull 1470
gymnastics
Korbut, Olga
Olympic Games
sports, history of
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Northern Ireland
United States, history of the (I)
Viet Cong
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Democratic party
Nixon, Richard M.
United States, history of the (I)
Watergate
Japan, history of
Okinawa
United States, history of the (I)
World War II (Part 1)
McGovern, George S.
Nixon, Richard M.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Allende, Salvador
Chile
Latin America, history of
Marxism
Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto
Gulag
Gulag Archipelago, The
Russian literature
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr
Bahama Islands
Great Britain, history of
Charles XVI Gustav, King of Sweden
Gustav VI Adolf, King of Sweden
Sweden
Congress of the United States
endangered species
United States, history of the (I)
Arab-Israeli Wars
Egypt
Israel
Middle East, history of the (I)
Syria
Yom Kippur
Denmark
European Community:
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Agnew, Spiro T.
Nixon, Richard M.
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Kissinger, Henry A.
Nobel Prize
Paris, treaties of
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam War
Argentina
Latin America, history of
Peron, Isabel
Peron, Juan D.
embargo
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
petroleum
Ervin, Sam, Jr.
Nixon, Richard M.
United States, history of the (I)
Watergate
American Indian Movement
Indians, American (I)
United States, history of the (I)
Wounded Knee
Arab-Israeli Wars
Egypt
Israel
Middle East, history of the (I)
Syria
United Nations
Kissinger, Henry A.
Paris, treaties of
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Jupiter (planet)
Pioneer
space exploration
technology, history of
Skylab
space exploration
space station
technology, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Bernstein, Carl, and Woodward, Bob
Graham, Katharine
journalism
Pulitzer Prize
United States, history of the (I)
Washington Post, The
Watergate
American art and architecture
New York (city)
skyscraper
World Trade Center
Yamasaki, Minoru
Agnew, Spiro T.
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Portugal, history of
Evert, Chris
sports, history of
tennis
Connors, Jimmy
sports, history of
tennis
archaeology
China, history of
Chinese archaeology
Qin (Ch'in)
Cyprus
Greece
Makarios III
Turkey (country)
Aaron, Henry
baseball
Ruth, Babe
sports, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Ethiopia
Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia
astronaut
Glenn, John H., Jr.
Senate of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Chile
Latin America, history of
Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto
chancellor
Germany
Schmidt, Helmut
Argentina
Peron, Isabel
Peron, Juan D.
Greece
Karamanlis, Konstantinos G.
Hearst, Patricia
kidnapping
Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA)
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Guinea-Bissau
Portugal, history of
Ford, Gerald R.
Nixon, Richard M.
pardon
United States, history of the (I)
Watergate
Chirac, Jacques
France, history of
Giscard d'Estaing, Valery
Ford, Gerald R.
Nixon, Richard M.
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
golf
Player, Gary
sports, history of
ballet
Baryshnikov, Mikhail
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
impeachment
Nixon, Richard M.
United States, history of the (I)
Watergate
Mariner
Mercury (planet)
space exploration
technology, history of
American art and architecture
Chicago (city)
Sears Tower
Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill
skyscraper
World Trade Center
Cyprus
Greece
Karamanlis, Konstantinos G.
Brandt, Willy
Germany
Schmidt, Helmut
Israel
Meir, Golda
Rabin, Yitzhak
British Empire
Grenada
Ali, Muhammad
boxing
Foreman, George
sports, history of
chess
Fischer, Bobby
Karpov, Anatoly
Pele (athlete)
soccer
sports, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Angola
Neto, Agostinho Antonio
Portugal, history of
Lebanon
Middle East, history of the (I)
Laos
Pathet Lao
Souphanouvong
Souvanna Phouma
Africa, history of (I)
Morocco (nation)
Western Sahara
Cyprus
Greece
Turkey (country)
Navratilova, Martina
sports, history of
tennis
Netherlands
Suriname
Africa, history of (I)
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Africa, history of (I)
Gowon, Yakubu
Nigeria
Bourbon (dynasty)
Franco, Francisco
Juan Carlos I, King of Spain
Spain, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Machel, Samora Moises
Mozambique
Portugal, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Cape Verde
Portugal, history of
Ho Chi Minh
Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Australia, history of
Papua New Guinea
Bangladesh
Mujibur Rahman
Africa, history of (I)
Chad
Tombalbaye, N'Garta
Cambodia
Norodom Sihanouk
Pol Pot
Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia
Khalid, King of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Nobel Prize
Sakharov, Andrei D.
Chiang Ching-kuo (Jiang Jingguo)
Chiang Kai-shek
Taiwan
Helsinki
Helsinki accords
human rights
Cambodia
Khmer Rouge
Pol Pot
Comoros
France, history of
French colonial empire
Portugal, history of
Sao Tome and Principe
Egypt
Middle East, history of the (I)
Suez Canal
Cambodia
Marine Corps, U.S.
United States, history of the (I)
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
Brand, Vance
Kubasov, Valery N.
Leonov, Aleksei
Slayton, D. K.
space exploration
Stafford, Thomas P.
China, history of
earthquake
American literature
black American literature:
Haley, Alex
Roots
Africa, history of (I)
African National Congress
South Africa
Soweto
China, history of
Hua Guofeng (Hua Kuo-feng)
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)
Zhou Enlai (Chou En-lai)
Olympic Games
sports, history of
track and field
Viren, Lasse
Argentina
Latin America, history of
Peron, Isabel
Videla, Jorge Rafael
airplane hijacking
Entebbe
Israel
Uganda
Callaghan, James
Great Britain, history of
Labour party
prime minister
Wilson, Harold
British Empire
Seychelles
Muppets
radio and television broadcasting
Latin America, history of
Lopez Portillo y Pacheco, Jose
Mexico, history of
Eanes, Antonio dos Santos Ramalho
Portugal, history of
Soares, Mario
Comaneci, Nadia
gymnastics
Montreal
Olympic Games
sports, history of
Canada (I)
Levesque, Rene
Parti Quebecois
Quebec (province)
Spain, history of
Suarez Gonzalez, Adolfo
Borg, Bjorn
sports, history of
tennis
Africa, history of (I)
South Africa
Transkei
Bicentennial, U.S.
United States, history of the (I)
American Legion
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
environmental health:
epidemiology
Legionnaires disease
Philadelphia
Africa, history of (I)
Angola
Cuba
Neto, Agostinho Antonio
Carter, Jimmy
Ford, Gerald R.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Mars (planet)
space exploration
space programs, national
Viking
golf
sports, history of
Watson, Tom
Episcopal church
priest
religion
Moses, Edwin
sports, history of
track and field
black Americans:
United Nations
United States, history of the (I)
Young, Andrew
Carter, Jimmy
Mondale, Walter F.
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
amnesty
Carter, Jimmy
pardon
Vietnam War
Bhutto (family)
Pakistan
Zia ul-Haq, Muhammed
film, history of (I)
Lucas, George
Africa, history of (I)
Bokassa, Jean Bedel
Central African Republic
Begin, Menachem
Israel
Rabin, Yitzhak
Desai, Morarji Randchhadji
Gandhi, Indira
India
American music
Presley, Elvis
rock music
Cauthen, Steve
horse racing
sports, history of
Africa, history of (I)
Bophuthatswana
South Africa
Africa, history of (I)
Djibouti (country)
France, history of
French colonial empire
cabinet
Energy, U.S. Department of
government
canonization
Neumann, Saint John Nepomucene
saint
Alaska
petroleum
Trans-Alaska Pipeline
computer, personal
Jobs, Steve
technology, history of
Wozniak, Steve
Afghanistan
Marxism
Israel
Lebanon
Middle East, history of the (I)
golf
Lopez, Nancy
sports, history of
Dominican Republic
Guzman Blanco, Antonio
British Empire
Dominica
Great Britain, history of
Solomon Islands
Tuvalu
Italy, history of
kidnapping
Moro, Aldo
terrorism
Guyana
Jonestown
religious cults
Africa, history of (I)
Botha, P. W.
South Africa
John Paul II, Pope
papacy
Begin, Menachem
Camp David
Carter, Jimmy
Egypt
Israel
Sadat, Anwar al-
United States, history of the (I)
Beaubourg
French art and architecture
museums, art
Paris (France)
postmodern architecture
Panama
Panama Canal
Panama Canal Zone
United States, history of the (I)
aerial sports
balloon
artificial insemination
medicine, history of
Latin America, history of
Nicaragua
Sandinista National Liberation Front:
Somoza (family)
Hebrew and Yiddish literature
Nobel Prize
Singer, Isaac Bashevis
Africa, history of (I)
Muzorewa, Abel T.
Smith, Ian D.
Zimbabwe
Kiribati
Africa, history of (I)
Algeria
Boumedienne, Houari
Chadli Benjedid
British Empire
Saint Lucia
Arab-Israeli Wars
Egypt
Israel
Middle East, history of the (I)
McEnroe, John
sports, history of
tennis
Austin, Tracy
sports, history of
tennis
nuclear energy
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
pollution, environmental
United States, history of the (I)
Coe, Sebastian
sports, history of
track and field
Bhutto (family)
Pakistan
Zia ul-Haq, Muhammed
Iran
Islam
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah
Hussein, Saddam
Iraq
Middle East, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Irish Republican Army
Mountbatten of Burma, Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl
Iran
Islam
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah
Middle East, history of the (I)
Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi
Africa, history of (I)
Bokassa, Jean Bedel
Central African Republic
Africa, history of (I)
Angola
Dos Santos, Jose Eduardo:
Neto, Agostinho Antonio
Conservative parties
Great Britain, history of
Heath, Edward
prime minister
Thatcher, Margaret
Africa, history of (I)
Morocco (nation)
Western Sahara
Calcutta
India
Nobel Prize
Teresa, Mother
Pioneer
Saturn (astronomy)
space exploration
space programs, national
Carter, Jimmy
Iran
Iranian hostage crisis
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah
Tehran
United States, history of the (I)
Korea:
Park Chung Hee
Afghanistan
Karmal, Babrak
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Africa, history of (I)
Amin Dada, Idi
Tanzania
Uganda
aviation
English Channel
flight, human-powered
technology, history of
Afghanistan
Karmal, Babrak
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
British Empire
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Latin America, history of
Nicaragua
Ortega Saavedra, Daniel
Sandinista National Liberation Front:
Somoza (family)
Iran
Islam
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah
Middle East, history of the (I)
Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi
AIDS
immunodeficiency disease
infectious diseases
medicine, history of
Asia, history of (I)
Cambodia
Pol Pot
Vietnam
China, history of
Taiwan
United States, history of the (I)
Jupiter (planet)
space exploration
space programs, national
Voyager
Algeria
earthquake
Hussein, Saddam
Iran
Iran-Iraq War
Iraq
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah
Middle East, history of the (I)
boxing
Duran, Roberto
Leonard, Sugar Ray
sports, history of
Chun Doo Hwan
Korea:
Beatles, The
Lennon, John
rock music
Latin America, history of
Nicaragua
Somoza (family)
Evren, Kenan
Turkey (country)
Duarte, Jose Napoleon
El Salvador
Latin America, history of
Poland
Solidarity
Walesa, Lech
Doe, Samuel K.
Liberia
Tolbert, William R., Jr.
pollutants, chemical
pollution, environmental
United States, history of the (I)
Africa, history of (I)
Obote, Milton
Uganda
United States, history of the (I)
volcano
Washington (state)
Africa, history of (I)
Mugabe, Robert
Muzorewa, Abel T.
Nkomo, Joshua
Zimbabwe
Beatrice, Queen of the Netherlands
Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands
Netherlands
cable TV
radio and television broadcasting
Turner, Ted
Castro, Fidel
Cuba
Florida
United States, history of the (I)
ABSCAM
entrapment
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States, history of the (I)
British Empire
France, history of
French colonial empire
Great Britain, history of
Vanuatu
Carter, Jimmy
president of the United States
presidential elections
Reagan, Ronald
United States, history of the (I)
Carter, Jimmy
Moscow
Olympic Games
sports, history of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States, history of the (I)
Carter, Jimmy
Iran
Iranian hostage crisis
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah
special forces
United States, history of the (I)
Gandhi, Indira
India, history of
Egypt
Israel
Middle East, history of the (I)
Saturn (astronomy)
space exploration
space programs, national
Voyager
Greece
Papandreou, Andreas
Antigua and Barbuda
British Empire
Egypt
Mubarak, Muhammad Hosni
Sadat, Anwar al-
Argentina
Galtieri, Leopoldo Fortunato
Viola, Roberto Eduardo
Belize
British Empire
Great Britain, history of
France, history of
Giscard d'Estaing, Valery
Mitterrand, Francois
Jaruzelski, Wojciech
Poland
Solidarity
Walesa, Lech
China, history of
Hu Yaobang (Hu Yao-pang)
Africa, history of (I)
Ghana
Rawlings, Jerry
Hinckley, John W., Jr.
president of the United States
Reagan, Ronald
United States, history of the (I)
Chile
Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto
Agca, Mehmet Ali
Italy, history of
John Paul II, Pope
papacy
Iraq
Israel
Middle East, history of the (I)
nuclear reactor
Bush, George
president of the United States
presidential elections
Reagan, Ronald
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Europe, history of (I)
European Union
Greece
O'Connor, Sandra Day
Supreme Court of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Irish Republican Army
Northern Ireland
Charles, Prince of Wales
Great Britain, history of
Windsor (dynasty)
computer (I)
computer industry
computer, personal
Carter, Jimmy
Iranian hostage crisis
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah
United States, history of the (I)
cable TV
radio and television broadcasting
video, music
Crippen, Robert
space exploration
space programs, national
Space Shuttle
technology, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Young, John W.
Gemayel (family)
Lebanon
Middle East, history of the (I)
Poland
Solidarity
Argentina
Falkland Islands
Galtieri, Leopoldo Fortunato
Great Britain, history of
Thatcher, Margaret
Argentina
Falkland Islands
Galtieri, Leopoldo Fortunato
Great Britain, history of
Thatcher, Margaret
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Spain, history of
Bangladesh
Ershad, Hussain Muhammad
Perez de Cuellar, Javier
United Nations
Waldheim, Kurt
Egypt
Israel
Sinai
Jackson, Michael
rock music
Kelly, Grace
Monaco
Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
Andropov, Yuri V.
Brezhnev, Leonid Ilich
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Equal Rights Amendment
National Organization for Women
United States, history of the (I)
women's rights movements
Beirut
Israel
Lebanon
Middle East, history of the (I)
Palestine Liberation Organization
Basra
Iran
Iran-Iraq War
Iraq
Gemayel (family)
Lebanon
United Nations
Saturn (astronomy)
space exploration
space programs, national
Voyager
satellite, artificial
space exploration
space programs, national
Space Shuttle
technology, history of
United States, history of the (I)
Gannett, Frank E.
journalism
newspaper
USA Today
Benoit, Joan
Boston
marathon
running and jogging
sports, history of
track and field
Fossey, Dian
gorilla
zoology
Environmental Protection Agency
greenhouse effect
astronomy, history of
Galaxy, The
infrared astronomy
America's Cup
boats and boating
sports, history of
Beirut
Lebanon
Marine Corps, U.S.
United States, history of the (I)
Sinhalese
Sri Lanka
Tamil
France, history of
Lyon
Nazi hunters
Chicago (city)
Washington, Harold
astronaut
black Americans:
Bluford, Guion S.
space exploration
Space Shuttle
United States, history of the (I)
Chad
France, history of
Libya
Qaddafi, Muammar al-
Noriega, Manuel Antonio
Panama
Portugal, history of
Soares, Mario
socialism
Africa, history of (I)
Buhari, Mohammed
Nigeria
Shagari, Shehu
Aquino, Benigno S.
Aquino, Corazon
Marcos, Ferdinand E.
Philippines
antiballistic missile
Reagan, Ronald
Strategic Defense Initiative
Alfonsin, Raul
Argentina
Bignone, Reynaldo
astronaut
Ride, Sally
space exploration
Space Shuttle
United States, history of the (I)
cold war
Korea:
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
sound recording and reproduction
technology, history of
Cuba
Grenada
Marine Corps, U.S.
Reagan, Ronald
United States, history of the (I)
Begin, Menachem
Israel
Shamir, Yitzhak
British Empire
Saint Kitts-Nevis
Bhopal
chemical industry
India
Lewis, Carl
Los Angeles
Olympic Games
sports, history of
track and field
Canada, history of
Conservative parties
Mulroney, Brian
Turner, John N.
Mondale, Walter F.
president of the United States
presidential elections
Reagan, Ronald
United States, history of the (I)
China
Great Britain, history of
Hong Kong
British Empire
Brunei
Great Britain, history of
monopoly and competition
telephone
Great Britain, history of
Ireland, history of
Irish Republican Army
Thatcher, Margaret
Iran-contra affair
Nicaragua
Sandinista National Liberation Front:
Sandinistas
United States, history of the (I)
Democratic party
Ferraro, Geraldine
Mondale, Walter F.
United States, history of the (I)
Gandhi, Indira
India
Sikhs
Amritsar
Gandhi, Indira
India
Sikhs
Gandhi, Indira
Gandhi, Rajiv
India
apartheid
Nobel Prize
South Africa
Tutu, Desmond
Africa, history of (I)
famine
Geldof, Bob
Nicaragua
Ortega Saavedra, Daniel
Sandinista National Liberation Front:
Sandinistas
Israel
Peres, Shimon
Shamir, Yitzhak
space exploration
space programs, national
Andropov, Yuri V.
Chernenko, Konstantin
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Lebanon
United States, history of the (I)
space exploration
space programs, national
Albania
Hoxha, Enver
AIDS
film, history of (I)
Hudson, Rock
baseball
Cobb, Ty
Rose, Pete
sports, history of
France, history of
Greenpeace
New Zealand, history of
Brazil
Latin America, history of
Sarney, Jose
Africa, history of (I)
Nyerere, Julius K.
Tanzania
Africa, history of (I)
Buhari, Mohammed
Nigeria
earthquake
Mexico City
Mexico, history of
North, Oliver L., Jr.
Palestine Liberation Organization
Poindexter, John M.
terrorism
United States, history of the (I)
glasnost
Gorbachev, Mikhail
perestroika
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Africa, history of (I)
Obote, Milton
Uganda
Gorbachev, Mikhail
Reagan, Ronald
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States, history of the (I)
president of the United States
Reagan, Ronald
United States, history of the (I)
black Americans:
football
Payton, Walter
sports, history of
airplane hijacking
Beirut
Lebanon
Shiites
terrorism
United States, history of the (I)
Chernenko, Konstantin
Gorbachev, Mikhail
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Africa, history of (I)
Nimeiry, Muhammad Gaafar al-
Sudan
soccer
sports, history of
chess
Karpov, Anatoly
Kasparov, Gary
Antarctica
ozone
ozone layer
pollution, environmental
Chernobyl
nuclear energy
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
boxing
sports, history of
Aden
Yemen
Aquino, Corazon
Marcos, Ferdinand E.
Philippines
cycling
LeMond, Greg
sports, history of
golf
Nicklaus, Jack
sports, history of
African literature
Nobel Prize
Soyinka, Wole
Chirac, Jacques
France, history of
Mitterrand, Francois
Duvalier, Jean Claude
Haiti
Afghanistan
Karmal, Babrak
Austria
United Nations
Waldheim, Kurt
human rights
Nobel Prize
Wiesel, Elie
Iran-contra affair
McFarlane, Robert C.
North, Oliver L., Jr.
Poindexter, John M.
Reagan, Ronald
United States, history of the (I)
Palme, Olof
Sweden
comet
European Space Agency
Halley's comet
space exploration
space programs, national
Food and Drug Administration
interferon
pharmaceutical industry
space exploration
space programs, national
space station
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Jarvis, Gregory
McAuliffe, Christa
McNair, Ronald E.
Onizuka, Ellison
Resnik, Judith
Scobee, Francis R.
Smith, Michael (astronaut)
space exploration
space programs, national
Space Shuttle
United States, history of the (I)
European Union
Portugal, history of
Spain, history of
holiday
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
aircraft
aviation
Libya
North, Oliver L., Jr.
Qaddafi, Muammar al-
terrorism
United States, history of the (I)
space exploration
space programs, national
Uranus (astronomy)
Voyager
Israel
Peres, Shimon
Shamir, Yitzhak
London (England)
panic, financial
stock market
Tokyo
Wall Street
Bourguiba, Habib
Tunisia
Iran-contra affair
McFarlane, Robert C.
North, Oliver L., Jr.
Poindexter, John M.
Reagan, Ronald
United States, history of the (I)
Europe, history of (I)
Germany
Honecker, Erich
Africa, history of (I)
Chad
Libya
Qaddafi, Muammar al-
Iran
Islam
Mecca
Saudi Arabia
Iran
Iran-Iraq War
Iraq
Persian Gulf
United States, history of the (I)
China, history of
Macao
Portugal, history of
democracy
Haiti
Israel
Palestine
Palestine Liberation Organization
West Bank
Iran
Iran-Iraq War
Iraq
Middle East, history of the (I)
Iran
Iran-Iraq War
Iraq
China
Macao
Portugal
black Americans:
Roman Catholic church
arms control
nuclear strategy
nuclear weapon
Senate of the United States
arms control
nuclear strategy
nuclear weapon
Senate of the United States
Armenia (historic region)
Armenia, Republic of
Australia, history of
Austria
Waldheim, Kurt
war crimes
Bhutto (family)
Pakistan
Mexico, history of
Salinas de Gortari, Carlos
America's Cup
boats and boating
sports, history of
space exploration
space programs, national
Space Shuttle
Arabic literature
Mahfouz, Naguib
Nobel Prize
Graf, Steffi
sports, history of
tennis
Grosz, Karoly
Hungary
Kadar, Janos
English literature (I)
novel
Rushdie, Salman
Chiang Ching-kuo (Jiang Jingguo)
Lee Teng-hui
Taiwan
Haiti
Myanmar
Armenia, Republic of
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Pakistan
Zia ul-Haq, Muhammed
Chun Doo Hwan
Korea:
Roh Tae Woo
Bush, George
Dukakis, Michael
president of the United States
presidential elections
United States, history of the (I)
Bakker, Jim
religious broadcasting
Afghanistan
Geneva
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
chemical and biological warfare
Iraq
Kurdistan
Kurds
Iran
Iran-Iraq War
United States, history of the (I)
drug trafficking
Noriega, Manuel Antonio
Panama
United States, history of the (I)
Cambodia
Vietnam
Akihito, Emperor of Japan
Hirohito, Emperor of Japan
Japan, history of
Libya
United States, history of the (I)
Iran
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah
Middle East, history of the (I)
Rafsanjani, Hashemi
Bulgaria
Zhivkov, Todor
Alaska, Gulf of
oil spill
Trans-Alaska Pipeline
Valdez
Bush, George
president of the United States
presidential elections
Quayle, Dan
vice-president of the United States
Alfonsin, Raul
Argentina
Menem, Carlos Saul
Berlin
Berlin Wall
Europe, history of (I)
Germany
Botha, P. W.
de Klerk, F. W.
South Africa
Latin America, history of
Paraguay
Stroessner, Alfredo
China, history of
Hu Yaobang (Hu Yao-pang)
Beijing (Peking)
China, history of
Grosz, Karoly
Hungary
Africa, history of (I)
Chad
Libya
Qaddafi, Muammar al-
Czechoslovakia
Havel, Vaclav
Ceausescu, Nicolae
Romania
earthquake
San Andreas Fault
San Francisco
Poland
Solidarity
Walesa, Lech
Afghanistan
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Myanmar
Great Britain, history of
Islam
Rushdie, Salman
Czechoslovakia
Jakes, Milos
drug trafficking
Noriega, Manuel Antonio
Panama
United States, history of the (I)
Gandhi, Rajiv
India
Singh, V. P.
Neptune (planet)
space exploration
space programs, national
Voyager
Hubble, Edwin
space exploration
Space Shuttle
Space Telescope
telescope, optical
Russia
Yeltsin, Boris
Fujimori, Alberto K.
Peru
Brennan, William Joseph, Jr.
Souter, David H.
Supreme Court of the United States
Conservative parties
Great Britain, history of
Major, John
Thatcher, Margaret
Africa, history of (I)
Chad
Habre, Hissene
Aristide, Jean Bertrand
Haiti
Europe, history of (I)
Germany
Kohl, Helmut
Brazil
Collor de Mello, Fernando
Latin America, history of
Sarney, Jose
Hong Kong
modern architecture
Pei, I. M.
India
Singh, V. P.
Hussein, Saddam
Iraq
Kuwait
Middle East, history of the (I)
Persian Gulf War
Poland
Walesa, Lech
Baltic States
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Namibia
Nujoma, Sam
South Africa
Bhutto (family)
Pakistan
Aylwin, Patricio
Chile
Latin America, history of
Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto
Africa, history of (I)
Doe, Samuel K.
Liberia
Croatia
Slovenia
Yugoslavia
African National Congress
de Klerk, F. W.
Mandela, Nelson
South Africa
Shevardnadze, Eduard
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Albania
Tirane
Lebanon
Middle East, history of the (I)
Syria
blockade
Hussein, Saddam
Iraq
Kuwait
Persian Gulf War
United Nations
Iraq
Kuwait
Persian Gulf War
Saudi Arabia
Schwarzkopf, H. Norman
Chamorro, Violeta Barrios de
Nicaragua
Ortega Saavedra, Daniel
Sandinistas
Aden
Sana
Yemen
Hussein, Saddam
Iraq
Kuwait
Persian Gulf War
cold war
Warsaw Treaty Organization
Bangladesh
cyclone and anticyclone
Philippines
volcano
AIDS
basketball
Johnson, Magic
sports, history of
Russia
Yeltsin, Boris
Canada (I)
Canada, history of
Eskimo
Marshall, Thurgood
Supreme Court of the United States
Thomas, Clarence
Gandhi, Rajiv
India
Tamil
terrorism
Aristide, Jean Bertrand
Haiti
Hussein, Saddam
Iraq
Kuwait
Persian Gulf War
Israel
Palestine
Palestine Liberation Organization
Shamir, Yitzhak
Belarus
Commonwealth of Independent States
Russia
Ukraine
Croatia
Macedonia, Republic of
Slovenia
Gorbachev, Mikhail
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
arms control
Bush, George
Gorbachev, Mikhail
African National Congress
apartheid
Mandela, Nelson
South Africa
Kuomintang
Lee Teng-hui
Taiwan
Great Britain
Irish Republican Army
Northern Ireland
terrorism
Afghanistan
foreign aid
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States (I)
chemical and biological warfare
disarmament
United Nations
Algeria
Islam
Maghrib
Bush, George
Clinton, Bill
Perot, H. Ross
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros
United Nations
Aquino, Corazon
Marcos, Ferdinand E.
Philippines
Ramos, Fidel
drug trafficking
Noriega, Manuel Antonio
Panama
cyclone and anticyclone
Florida
Hawaii (state)
hurricane and typhoon
Israel
Rabin, Yitzhak
Joyner (family)
Olympic Games
sports, history of
Hinduism
India
Islam
mosque
apartheid
de Klerk, F. W.
South Africa
Croatia
Slovenia
Yugoslavia
baseball
Canada, history of
sports, history of
famine
Somali
Somalia
starvation
environmental law
pollution, environmental
United Nations
Croatia
Montenegro
Yugoslavia
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
space exploration
Space Shuttle
Canada (I)
Mexico (country)
United States (I)
civil rights
Los Angeles
police
Bosnia and Hercegovina
United Nations
Yugoslavia
Asia, history of (I)
Cambodia
Norodom Sihanouk
Bosnia and Hercegovina
Croatia
Islam
Serbia
Yugoslavia
low-pressure region
snow and snowflake
tornado
weather forecasting
weather variations and extremes:
basketball
Jordan, Michael
sports, history of
bomb
New York (city)
terrorism
World Trade Center
anti-Semitism
concentration camp
Holocaust
Washington, D.C.
World War II (Part 1)
Hussein, Saddam
Iraq
Persian Gulf War
United Nations
gravitation
space exploration
space programs, national
Space Shuttle
weightlessness
Africa, history of (I)
Algerian War
Refugees, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Somalia
Africa, history of (I)
apartheid
de Klerk, F. W.
Mandela, Nelson
South Africa
Czech Republic
Czechoslovakia
Slovakia
Clinton, Bill
Gore, Al
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Clinton, Bill
Gore, Al
president of the United States
United States, history of the (I)
vice-president of the United States
Branch Davidians
religious cults
Africa, history of (I)
Eritrea
Ethiopia
floods and flood control
Mississippi River
Missouri River
floods and flood control
Mississippi River
Missouri River
earthquake
India, history of
Russia, history of
Yeltsin, Boris
Bhutto (family)
Pakistan
Israel
religion
Vatican City
Congress of the United States
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
North American Free Trade Agreement
World Trade Organization
earthquake
Los Angeles
embargo
United States, history of the (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Hebron
Israel
Palestine
West Bank
England, Church of
priest
religion
Africa, history of (I)
Somalia
United States, history of the (I)
Nixon, Richard M.
president of the United States
fundamentalism
World Trade Center
apartheid
Mandela, Nelson
South Africa
Hutu
Rwanda
Tutsi
Gaza
Israel
Jericho
Palestine Liberation Organization
Kennedy, John F.
Onassis, Aristotle
Onassis, Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy
Banda, H. Kamuzu
Malawi
Kim Il Sung
North Korea
Sudan
terrorism
baseball
sports, history of
strike
Aristide, Jean Bertrand
Haiti
Israel
Jordan
Middle East, history of the (I)
Congress of the United States
Republican party
United States, history of the (I)
Ireland, history of
Irish Republican Army
Northern Ireland
terrorism
Africa, history of (I)
Angola
Savimbi, Jonas
European Union
Norway
Congress of the United States
House of Representatives of the United States
Republican party
Senate of the United States
earthquake
Japan
Japan, history of
Kobe
Africa, history of (I)
Mogadishu
Somalia
United Nations
basketball
Chicago (city)
Jordan, Michael
sports, history of
chemical and biological warfare
chemistry, history of
terrorism
Tokyo
baseball
labor unions
sports, history of
strike
bomb
Oklahoma (state)
Oklahoma City
terrorism
Bosnia and Hercegovina
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Yugoslav War
Aristide, Jean Bertrand
election
Haiti
space exploration
space programs, national
space station
Clinton, Bill
Clinton, Hillary Rodham
Whitewater affair
Chechnya
Russia
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Christopher, Warren
United States (I)
Vietnam
Vietnam War
atomic bomb
Hiroshima (city)
World War II (Part 1)
France (country)
Mururoa Atoll
nuclear weapon
baseball
Gehrig, Lou
Ripken, Cal, Jr.
Bosnia and Hercegovina
Croatia
Serbia
Yugoslav War
murder
Simpson, O. J.
Farrakhan, Louis
Washington, D.C.
United Nations
Canada (I)
Canada, history of
Quebec (province)
Israel
Rabin, Yitzhak
Tel Aviv
Kwasniewski, Aleksander
Poland
Walesa, Lech
budget
Clinton, Bill
blizzard
precipitation (weather)
weather
Hashimoto Ryutaro
Japan, history of
Murayama Tomiichi
Portugal, history of
Arafat, Yasir
Gaza Strip
Palestine
Palestine Liberation Organization
West Bank
Cuba
MiG
United States, history of the (I)
United States, history of the (II)
United States, history of the (III)
Burns and Allen
comedy
radio and television broadcasting
California
jury
murder
China
election
Lee Teng-hui
Taiwan
Brown, Ron
Commerce, U.S. Department of
Croatia
Dubrovnik
budget
Clinton, Bill
Congress of the United States
veto
aerospace industry
aircraft
aviation
Israel
Netanyahu, Benjamin
Peres, Shimon
Hinduism
India
arms control
China
nuclear weapon
African American music
Fitzgerald, Ella
jazz
Dhahran
Saudi Arabia
Russia
Yeltsin, Boris
Buckingham Palace
Charles, Prince of Wales
Great Britain, history of
Windsor (dynasty)
aerospace industry
aircraft
aviation
Atlanta
Olympic Games
life, extraterrestrial
Mars (planet)
meteor and meteorite
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
poverty
social and welfare services
welfare state
Bosnia and Hercegovina
Izetbegovic, Alija
Yugoslav War
astronautics
Lucid, Shannon
space programs, national
Nobel Prize
Timor
Clinton, Bill
Democratic party
president of the United States
presidential elections
Republican party
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Hutu
Rwanda
Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo):
Castro, Fidel
John Paul II, Pope
Vatican City
constitution (law)
Mandela, Nelson
South Africa
United Nations
Singapore
Chechnya
Russia
pension
social and welfare services
social security
Gingrich, Newt
House of Representatives of the United States
Slovenia
automotive industry
industrial espionage
Aleman, Jose Arnoldo
Nicaragua
Ortega Saavedra, Daniel
Arafat, Yasir
Hebron
Israel
Netanyahu, Benjamin
Palestine
West Bank
Cosby, Bill
Dole, Robert J.
medals and decorations
Democratic party
Austria
Vranitzky, Franz
Clinton, Bill
Gore, Al
president of the United States
vice-president of the United States
campaign, political
Gingrich, Newt
House of Representatives of the United States
Mir
space programs, national
Space Shuttle
Canada (I)
Castro, Fidel
Cuba
Albright, Madeleine
State, U.S. Department of
Holocaust
Switzerland
Annan, Kofi
United Nations
Cohen, William S.
Defense, U.S. Department of
Moldova
Central African Republic
mutiny
football
Sampras, Pete
tennis
Chechnya
Russia
apartheid
Biko, Steve
South Africa
Bhutto (family)
Pakistan
Clinton, Bill
Congress of the United States
Simpson, O. J.
helicopter
Israel
Harriman (family)
budget
Congress of the United States
Mexico (country)
Israel
Palestine Liberation Organization
Ecuador
aircraft
aviation
Latvia
aviation
pilot
strike
international trade
telecommunications
telephone
World Trade Organization
Pakistan
budget
Canada (I)
China
Deng Xiaoping (Teng Hsiao-p'ing)
Commerce, U.S. Department of
international trade
Detroit
newspaper
strike
space programs, national
Space Shuttle
Space Telescope
animal husbandry
cloning
genetic engineering
sheep
Empire State Building
Albright, Madeleine
foreign policy
State, U.S. Department of
Israel
Jerusalem
Palestine
West Bank
divorce
Ireland
Commerce, U.S. Department of
gross national product
income, national
Armenia (historic region)
Azerbaijan (country)
earthquake
Iran
Albania
campaign, political
Democratic party
Gore, Al
Central Intelligence Agency
espionage
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Kim Young Sam
South Korea
rap music
Albania
Israel
Jordan
terrorism
Clinton, Bill
joint (anatomy)
Kisangani
Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo):
Central Intelligence Agency
Lake, Anthony
Senate of the United States
Russia
Yeltsin, Boris
Guyana
Jagan, Cheddi
Great Britain, history of
Major, John
Parliament
political parties
abstract art
abstract expressionism
action painting
de Kooning, Willem
expressionism
modern art
cancer (disease)
nicotine
respiratory system disorders
smoking
tobacco
Clinton, Bill
Helsinki
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Russia
Yeltsin, Boris
Israel
Tel Aviv
terrorism
Hebron
Israel
Jerusalem
Palestine
West Bank
Academy Awards
film, history of (I)
banking systems
Federal Reserve System
interest
monetary policy
campaign, political
China
Gore, Al
Li Peng (Li P'eng)
El Salvador
religious cults
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
Cambodia
Phnom Penh
terrorism
jury
Oklahoma City
terrorism
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
basketball
Belarus
Lukashenko, Aleksandr
Russia
Yeltsin, Boris
hepatitis
infectious diseases
Germany
Kohl, Helmut
Clinton, Bill
Israel
Netanyahu, Benjamin
Lubumbashi
Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo):
Canada (I)
Chretien, Jean
Bernardin, Joseph Louis
Chicago (city)
Roman Catholic church
Los Angeles
budget
president of the United States
veto
John Paul II, Pope
Sarajevo
Albania
golf
Woods, Tiger
campaign, political
independent counsel
Reno, Janet
Clinton, Bill
Clinton, Hillary Rodham
Whitewater affair
Islam
Mecca
pilgrimage
Federal Bureau of Investigation
forensic science
Justice, U.S. Department of
Dole, Robert J.
Gingrich, Newt
House of Representatives of the United States
Hong Kong
North Korea
South Korea
Gowda, H. D. Deve
India
human rights
Myanmar
marathon
Lima
Peru
terrorism
Tupac Amaru
floods and flood control
North Dakota
Red River of the North
egg
fertilization
pregnancy and birth
reproduction
reproductive system, human
Christian Coalition
Reed, Ralph, Jr.
arms control
chemical and biological warfare
Hashimoto Ryutaro
international trade
Japan
advertising
Food and Drug Administration
smoking
tobacco
Canada (I)
Chretien, Jean
Bush, George
Carter, Jimmy
Clinton, Bill
Powell, Colin Luther
Yemen
radicalism
Texas
military justice
rape (crime)
sexual harassment
Blair, Tony
Conservative parties
Labour party
Major, John
United Kingdom
employment and unemployment
fiscal policy
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Washington, D.C.
Texas
drug trafficking
Mexico (country)
migrant labor
organized crime
Zedillo Ponce de Leon, Ernesto
Holocaust
Switzerland
Bosnia and Hercegovina
war crimes
Yugoslav War
earthquake
Iran
Caribbean Basin Initiative
Caribbean Community
Organization of Eastern Caribbean States
chess
Kasparov, Gary
Chechnya
Yeltsin, Boris
Everest, Mount
mountain climbing
Gingrich, Newt
Congo, Democratic Republic of
Kabila, Laurent
Mobutu Sese Seko
Mongolia
Bangladesh
cyclone and anticyclone
military justice
Iran
Khatami, Mohammad
Dixiecrats
South Carolina
Thurmond, Strom
Clinton, Bill
sexual harassment
Whitewater affair
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Indonesia
Suharto
Canada (II)
Canada, history of
Chretien, Jean
Liberal parties
France (country)
Jospin, Lionel
Algeria
ice hockey
Federal Emergency Management Agency
floods and flood control
Annan, Kofi
human rights
Robinson, Mary
United Nations
basketball
Jordan, Michael
Croatia
Tudjman, Franjo
Group of Seven (international affairs)
international law
Mir
Soyuz
space station
Ahern, Bertie
Fianna Fail
Ireland
censorship
euthanasia
Internet
gun control
boxing
Holyfield, Evander
Tyson, Mike
Demirel, Suleyman
Turkey (country)
China, history of
Hong Kong
Stewart, James
Mars (planet)
Mexico (country)
PRI
Cambodia
Pol Pot
Sampras, Pete
tennis
Czech Republic
Hungary
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Poland
campaign, political
Central Intelligence Agency
Ireland, history of
Irish Republican Army
Northern Ireland
murder
Versace, Gianni
Milosevic, Slobodan
Yugoslav War
Yugoslavia
Albania
Hinduism
India
Hamas
Israel
Liberia
Iran
Khatami, Mohammad
budget
Congressional Budget Office
Banzer Suarez, Hugo
Bolivia
computer industry
Jobs, Steve
Latvia
budget
veto
capital punishment
Oklahoma City bombing
terrorism
strike
Teamsters, International Brotherhood of
Hezbollah
Israel
Lebanon
bacteria
Escherichia
food poisoning and infection
meat and meat packing
Congo, Democratic Republic of
Hutu
Refugees, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Rwanda
Tutsi
France (country)
John Paul II, Pope
de Klerk, F. W.
National party
South Africa
El Nino
meteorology
affirmative action
equal opportunity
Algeria
Mexico (country)
PRI
Diana, Princess of Wales
Arizona
fraud
nun
Teresa, Mother
Congo, Democratic Republic of
Mobutu Sese Seko
tennis
Haiti
Scotland
Bosnia and Hercegovina
Food and Drug Administration
China
Jiang Zemin (Chiang Tse-min)
Turner, Ted
United Nations
United Kingdom
Wales
Japan
Internal Revenue Service
Russia
Russia, history of
Russian Orthodox church
Yeltsin, Boris
Assisi
Cimabue
Iran
Iraq
evangelicalism
Promise Keepers
Washington, D.C.
Supreme Court of the United States
Kim Il Sung
North Korea
International Campaign to Ban Landmines
mine
Nobel Prize
astronautics
Cassini (spacecraft)
Saturn (astronomy)
space exploration
Clinton, Bill
free trade
international trade
Latin America, history of
Poland
Libya
Mandela, Nelson
Qaddafi, Muammar al-
South Africa
Congo (Brazzaville)
African Americans (I)
African Americans (II)
baseball
Dow Jones average
stock market
Iraq
Persian Gulf War
United Nations
Ireland
China
Clinton, Bill
Jiang Zemin (Chiang Tse-min)
New Jersey
Virginia
Whitman, Christine Todd
Clinton, Bill
Congress of the United States
international trade
treaty
homicide
murder
Central Intelligence Agency
Pakistan
terrorism
World Trade Center
Congress of the United States
Clinton, Bill
Organization of American States
Zedillo Ponce de Leon, Ernesto
China
Luxor
Teamsters, International Brotherhood of
multiple birth
pregnancy and birth
arms control
Iraq
sanctions
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Vancouver
Honduras
campaign financing
campaign, political
Clinton, Bill
Gore, Al
Reno, Janet
International Monetary Fund
South Korea
Haiti
United Nations peacekeeping forces
Gujral, Inder Kumar
India
basketball
Bolger, Jim
New Zealand
New Zealand, history of
Shipley, Jenny
Korean War
North Korea
South Korea
climate
greenhouse effect
Kyoto
pollution, environmental
Arlington National Cemetery
European Union
Turkey (country)
free trade
international trade
Africa
Albright, Madeleine
anthrax
chemical and biological warfare
Defense, U.S. Department of
vaccination
Cohen, William S.
WAC
WAF
Kim Dae Jung
South Korea
Guyana
Jagan, Cheddi
Bosnia and Hercegovina
Clinton, Bill
Oklahoma City bombing
Panama
Panama Canal
Vietnam
Kenya
Aspen (Colorado)
Kennedy (family)
Kennedy, Robert F.
Lithuania
California
Cher
Kenya
Moi, Daniel arap
Canada (II)
ice
precipitation (weather)
arms control
chemical and biological warfare
Iraq
United Nations
Czech Republic
Czechoslovakia
Havel, Vaclav
Clinton, Bill
Arafat, Yasir
Clinton, Bill
Netanyahu, Benjamin
Palestinian National Authority
Unabomber
Cuba
John Paul II, Pope
football
Clinton, Bill
Congress of the United States
Commerce, U.S. Department of
economy, national
human rights
State, U.S. Department of
Costa Rica
budget
Congress of the United States
capital punishment
cable car
Dolomites
airport
Reagan, Ronald
Washington, D.C.
Blair, Tony
Georgia, Republic of
Shevardnadze, Eduard
Tbilisi
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Senate of the United States
Americans with Disabilities Act
golf
Cuba
human rights
veto
Sierra Leone
West Africa
Cyprus
aircraft
aviation
Taiwan
balance of payments
Commerce, U.S. Department of
international trade
Annan, Kofi
arms control
Iraq
United Nations
Nagano (Japan)
Olympic Games
Laos
Castro, Fidel
Cuba
Kim Dae Jung
South Korea
sexual harassment
Supreme Court of the United States
Israel
basketball
flash flood
floods and flood control
Pakistan
Connecticut
Whitewater affair
Indonesia
Suharto
Chile
Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto
Annan, Kofi
United Nations
Denmark
cancer (disease)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
public health
amnesty
Kim Dae Jung
Korea, history of
South Korea
child development
Spock, Benjamin
Clinton, Bill
sexual harassment
army
military justice
Holocaust
Jews
Roman Catholic church
Vatican City
Gore, Al
Internal Revenue Service
Bharatiya Janata party
India
China
Zhu Rongji
Abuja
John Paul II, Pope
Nigeria
Mexico (country)
petroleum
Saudi Arabia
Venezuela
Accra
Africa
Ghana
Academy Awards
film, history of (II)
Titanic (film)
conglomerate (business)
publishing
Arkansas (state)
Chernomyrdin, Viktor
Russia
Yeltsin, Boris
drug
Food and Drug Administration
impotence
pharmaceutical industry
basketball
National Collegiate Athletic Association
embargo
Kosovo
United Nations
Yugoslavia
Clinton, Bill
sexual harassment
Armenia, Republic of
Japan
arms control
chemical and biological warfare
Hussein, Saddam
Iraq
United Nations
Dow Jones average
merger
breast cancer
drug
India
Indian National Congress
country and western music
Wynette, Tammy
smoking
tobacco
tornado
Hashimoto Ryutaro
Japan
Islam
Mecca
pilgrimage
Ireland, history of
Northern Ireland
North Korea
South Korea
golf
banking systems
merger
consul (modern government official)
International Court of Justice
international law
Management and Budget, U.S. Office of
Raines, Franklin Delano
Cambodia
Khmer Rouge
Pol Pot
tornado
free trade
international trade
China, history of
student movements
Cuba
human rights
United Nations
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
genocide
Rwanda
Russia
Yeltsin, Boris
Somalia
election
Nigeria
Iraq
sanctions
United Nations
Castro, Fidel
Chretien, Jean
Israel
Kosovo
sanctions
Serbia
Yugoslavia
Czech Republic
Hungary
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Poland
Clinton, Bill
Clinton, Hillary Rodham
Whitewater affair