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AppleWorks Document | 1992-07-18 | 21.9 KB | 405 lines | [p???/pdos]

O=====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<=== O=====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<====<=== for postage and handling.versions) on a disk, send $10 ============================================================ RESURRECTION by Harold D. Portnoy Copyright 1990-92 ============================================================ 9 When an AppleWorks word processor or data base file ? =goes bad is not the time to worry about how you are going to repair the damage.? = CHANGE-A-FILE (CHGFIL.BXY) is a batch file utility that > <reads AppleWorks Word Processor (AWP) and text (TXT) files; ? =converts AWP files to TXT files, TXT files to AWP files, and > <AWP 3.0 files to AWP 2.x files; and rapidly repairs damaged AWP and ADB (data base) files. ------------------------------------------------------------ While CHANGE-A-FILE can readily restore damaged = ;AppleWorks word processor (AWP) and data base (ADB) files, ? =it cannot restore a file on a disk with a damaged directory. 7 5RESURRECTION can restore these files .... most often 9 7rapidly, but occasionally with a little work. The disk ? =blocks containing the file that cannot be accessed are still ? =on the disk. The problem is where are the blocks and how can = ;they be placed in an accessible file. RESURRECTION answers = ;these two questions. RESURRECTION is not a substitute for 9 7Change-A-File. AWP and ADB files usually must first be = ;processed by Change-A-File's 'AWP File Doctor' or 'Restore > <ADB' in order to be accessed by AppleWorks. The text files = ;can be read with any appropriate utility such as 'View' in Change-A-File. RESURRECTION - - IMPORTANT! If you need this utility you are working ? =with a damaged disk. After rescuing all files posssible with 7 5Resurrection, the disk must be discarded if there is > <physical damage to the disk, or reformatted if you know the > <damage occurred electronically. Marking a bad block as used > <is only a stopgap measure. Failure to heed this warning may result in future problems. Activating protected utilities Transfer Change-A_File, Resurrection, and the Password = ;program to any directory. The Password program can be used ? =on all versions of Resurrection, but only on version 4.14 or = ;greater of Change-A-File. The Change-A-File program should ; 9be re-named CF.SYSTEM. Run either CF.system or Password. ? =Password can be used independent of Change-A-File and can be 9 7used to unlock Resurrection alone. Enter the password. 9 7Change-A-File will be unlocked and the password screen 7 5removed. This is indicated by the notice 'CF.SYSTEM > <unlocked'. Rename the file to CHANGE.FILE or any other name ? =of your choice. If you use CF.system to unlock Change-A-File ; 9the password screen will be removed whether you have the < :correct password or not. If you use the Password program, < :the screen is removed only if the password is correct. If ? =you enter the password, all the utilities will be able to be = ;used. If not, only the 'free' utilities will be able to be used. : If RESURRECTION is placed in the same directory as > <CF.SYSTEM, the Auto-Restore functions will also be unlocked < :on entering the password. This is indicated by the notice 'RESURRECTION unlocked'. Source Selection Insert the damaged disk (source) into a disk drive and < :then enter the slot and disk number or accept the default values. Diagnostics After selecting the slot and drive, you will be given > <the opportunity to select Diagnostics, and whether you wish ? =a complete analysis or only wish to determine bad blocks and 9 7mark the bad blocks as used in the volume bit map. The ? =volume bit map is a block(s) that contains information as to ? =whether any block on the disk is used or not. The volume bit 7 5map on 5.25 and 3.5 inch disks is on block 6. Larger : 8volumes, such as a hard disk, use additional contiguous = ;blocks for the volume bit map depending on the size of the volume.6 4 Determining the bad blocks on a disk is useful < :particularly before trying to access the disk. This gives = ;you advance notice of the problem, and marking a bad block = ;as used prevents ProDOS from using the bad block. If a bad : 8block is already marked as used, it will be noted. This > <means that the block has been used for a directory, file or = ;the volume bit map. If not marked, then this bad block was > <probably not responsible for failure to restore a file. You ? =will be asked whether you wish to mark the block as used. It > <is best to mark the block as used before running a complete = ;Diagnostics. Also noted is when a bad block is represented ' in the volume bit map by a bad block.: Complete diagnostics gives you an over-view of the ? =damaged disk. Every block on the disk is analyzed unless you < :press any key to abort the process. A list of bad blocks, < :the volume bit map block(s), file index blocks, volume or : 8subdirectory blocks, and all text, AWP and ADB files is < :printed. With each subdirectory is given the previous and 5 3next blocks of the subdirectory. In a directory or ; 9subdirectory, subsequent subdirectories (DIR) are listed ; 9with their key blocks. Text (TXT), AWP and ADB files are = ;listed with their index blocks. With this information, you ? =can determine why you cannot access your file and decide the fastest method of restoration.; Diagnostics also searchs and identifies bad ADB and 8 6AWP files that have a special form of corrupted index ? =blocks. The file is marked as 'Bad index block(s)'. The bad 9 7file occurs when saving to a disk with only one or two 7 5blocks (1K) left. This type of file is automatically ? =corrected by the Auto-Restore by File Name function. If your 0 disk is almost full, do not save to that disk. Let us first take a brief look at how ProDOS saves your file.> ____________________________________________________________ ProDOS Directory and File Structure Volume Directory0 _________________|_________________1 | | | |3 Subdirectory 1 File# ________|__________ | |( File Subdirectory 2 |* Your file index block. _____________|______________. | | | | | | | | | |) file data blocks ____________________________________________________________ ProDOS divides a 5.25-inch disk into 280 blocks and a 6 43.5-inch disk into 1600 blocks. Some blocks contain ; 9directories, while others are file index blocks and file : 8data blocks (figure). Blocks 2-5 on every ProDOS volume 4 2contain the volume directory pointing to up to 51 ? =subdirectories or files. The subdirectories and files can be ; 9on any other block on the disk. The volume directory and ? =subdirectories contain the name and block addresses of other ? =subdirectories as well as files. The block address to a file : 8is really that of the index block of the file. The file : 8index block contains a list of pointers to all the data > <blocks in the file. The data blocks contain the actual file you want to restore.7 Before using Diagnostics, turn on your printer. : 8Pass 1- Block analysis: prints out the block number (in < :hexadecimal notation) for every block with the following: ? =bad block, directory, subdirectory, text file, AWP file, and 9 7ADB file. Previous and next blocks and key blocks of a = ;directory or subdirectory are printed as well as the index > <blocks of the files. Pass 2- Index blocks unmatched to file ? =names: prints all the index blocks that are not matched to a < :file name of any type. Diagnostics thus provides you with ; 9the information necessary for determining how to restore = ;your file. Look for the file name of the file you want. If < :you can find the file name, then you can restore the file 0 using the Auto-Restore by File Name function. : If you cannot find the file name, then a bad block > <probably contains the directory or subdirectory of the file ? =you want to restore. This will result in a list of unmatched ? =file index blocks in Pass 2. These are the index blocks that 8 6should be tried using the Auto-Restore by Index Block = ;function, since one of these index blocks probably belongs 7 5to the file in which you are interested. The list of = ;unmatched index blocks greatly reduces the number of index ? =blocks that have to be reviewed before finding the bad file. ; 9Even the additional blocks involved with tree and forked ? =files are matched. Only the first 4000 files are matched for < :index blocks. If you have over 4000 files on a hard disk, ? =the excess index blocks will be listed as unmatched. I don't # think this will happen too often.; It should be easy to find the index block of a file 8 6with a corrupted subdirectory. The index block of the : 8desired file will be in the unmatched list. Testing the > <listed blocks with the Auto-Restore by Index Block function < :should readily find the correct file. Other listed blocks > <will obviously not be correct. The only time there may be a : 8problem is when an index block belongs to a similar but 0 deleted file in which the index block remains.= Note that large subdirectories can be pieced together : 8by using 'previous directory block' and 'next directory ? =block' numbers. Usually, the only time you will be forced to ; 9reconstruct the file by use of the time consuming Read / = Write function is when the index block for the file is bad.9 Here is a tip. The most common block to go bad is : 8block 2, the block which contains the volume directory. : 8Therefore, besides keeping text, AWP and ADB files on a ? =separate disk, it is a good idea to use the volume directory = ;for subdirectories and files that can be readily replaced. < :This guarantees that the file name will not be in block 2 . and accessible to Auto-Restore by File Name. Destination Selection If you do not select Diagnostics, you will be ? =presented the destination selection. The complete file name, 2 0including the prefix, of the file to be created ; 9(destination) from the damaged file is then entered. The 7 5destination file cannot be on the disk in the source 9 7slot/drive. This prevents the new file from being on a < :damaged disk. Next the filetype is selected (TXT, AWP, or ADB).> When using the Read / Write functions, the destination ? =file does not have to be completed in one session. To append < :to a partially completed file, enter the destination file = ;name. At 'File already exists. Replace? (N/Y)', enter 'N'. : 8At 'Append ? (N/Y)', enter 'Y'. New blocks will then be ( added to the end of the previous file. Function Selection The function screen is divided into an upper and lower > <half. The file name is printed in the left upper corner and 9 7the total blocks on the source disk in the right upper 8 6corner. The number of blocks on the disk is initially > <determined from the volume directory on block 2. If block 2 ? =is damaged, then an attempt is made to determine volume size < :by two other methods. If all methods fail, then a 'VOLUME ? =BLOCKS $' window will open. Enter the volume size in blocks. = ;This should be rarely necessary. The following can be used ? =to determine the number of blocks. A 5.25 inch disk has $118 < :blocks (140 blocks); a 3.5 inch disk, $640 (1600 blocks); , and hard discs, $800 * size in megabytes. ; The functions are printed on the bottom line of the = ;screen. The following can be selected: Arrows, Quit, Read, Write, Dump. Read: Blocks from the damaged disks are accessed < :either by the up and down arrows, which select the blocks : 8sequentially, or by entering 'R'. A window appears with ? ='Read Block $'. Enter the desired block number. The block is > <displayed in the lower half of the screen. The block number ? =is displayed in the left margin at 'Read Block'. For ease of = ;review, only the characters in the range of $20 - $7F (the 8 6text characters) are printed to the screen. All other ( characters are replaced with a period. Write: Enter 'W' to write the block to the new file. ? =The block is displayed on the upper half of the screen. Only < :a previously read block can be written to file. The block : number is displayed in the left margin at 'Write Block'.9 The next block in the file can be accessed by the > <arrows or 'R' and the process repeated until all the blocks ; 9in the old file are transferred to the destination file. > <Once a block in the source file is found, succeeding blocks ? =are frequently found in sequential order and easily accessed by the up arrow. Dump: Any block that has been read can be dumped to > <the printer by entering 'D'. The easiest way to reconstruct ? =a file is to first dump all the blocks, which are identified = ;with a block number, to a printer. Determine the order of > <the blocks. Reenter the program and write the blocks to the ' destination file in the proper order.9 The printer output is set to slot 1. If you use a > <different slot, then change the low nibble of byte $03 (C1) ? =to the slot number. This is most easily accomplished using a 5 3block editing utility such as ProSel Block Warden. = ;Alternately the following patch will suffice after setting 6 the prefix to the directory containing RESURRECTION. POKE 768,19n (where n = slot number + 2)/ BSAVE RESURRECTION,TSYS,A$300,L1,B3 Auto-Restore: There are two Auto-Restore functions: by = ;File Name and by Index Block. Auto-Restore by File Name is ; 9the best method to restore a file. It requires, however, ; 9that a parent directory be intact. Auto-Restore by Index : 8Block only requires that the index block of the file be ? =intact. It is less efficient than restoring by file name and : 8should be used only after Auto-Restore by File Name has ? =failed. It is much more efficient than reconstructing a file ; 9using the Read/Write functions. Entering 'A' brings up a < :menu for selecting either Auto-Restore by file name or by index block. Auto-Restore by File Name will restore a file as long 8 6as the parent directory or subdirectory and the index > <block(s) of the file are intact. If the volume directory is 9 7damaged or any of the other directories up to, but not < :including, the parent subdirectory, the file can still be < :recovered. A common cause for failure to access a file is > <damage to the volume directory in block 2. If the directory < :file entry of the file is not in block 2, the file can be recovered.< On selecting by file name, the 'Find File' window is = ;opened. Enter the file name only. Do NOT enter any prefix. 9 7The file type must be the same as previously selected. : 8Auto-Restore will search the damaged disk for the file. 9 7Pressing any key will abort the search. If the file is ? =found, identifying attributes are displayed in a window. The > <attributes are parent directory or subdirectory, file type, = ;size in blocks, and modification date and time. If this is < :the correct file enter 'Y' at 'Accept (N/Y)'. If not, you 7 5will be given the option of continuing the search or aborting. = When the file is accepted, Auto-Restore automatically ; 9reconstructs the damaged file under the destination file ? =name. DO NOT INTERRUPT the reconstruction. When complete the $ program returns to the input menu.< Use Auto-Restore by File Name to restore a file with bad index blocks (see above). Auto-Restore by Index Block cannot find a seedling ? =file (only one block) nor directly handle files in excess of ? =256 blocks. It is ideal for sapling files, that is, files of ; 92 - 256 blocks. Most files fall into this category. Tree 9 7files ( > 256 blocks) must be reconstructed from file ? =segments of 256 blocks. The algorithm used should detect all = ;index blocks. It may, however, recognize a non-index block as an index block. < Selecting Auto-Restore by Index Block presents a new ; 9function screen: Select Arrows (up and down), Accept and 9 7Next index block; and an 'Index Block $' window. Enter ; 9RETURN when searching for a file for the first time. The 9 7search will start with block 7. If you have an idea of < :approximately where the file is on the disk, then enter a = ;block number that is known to be before the index block of ; 9the file for which you are looking and press RETURN. The < :disk will be searched for an index block. When found, the 8 6first two blocks of the file will be displayed on the = ;screen. If you need more information in order to decide if = ;you have the correct file then select the up arrow and two ? =more blocks will be presented until the file ends. Selecting < :the down arrow, backs up two blocks. The block numbers on > <the right can be quite useful. If the block numbers are not ? =sequential, it is less likely that the indicated block is an < index block. Press 'N' to search for the next index block.= When you are satisfied that the correct file has been ? =found, select 'A' and the file will be reconstructed. In the 7 5search, a 'Bad Block' window may be displayed, which : 8indicates a bad block has been encountered. Continue by ) selecting 'N' for the next index block.> With a little time and effort, tree files can be first > <reconstructed into multiple files of 256 blocks. AppleWorks > <can then be used to append one file to the next in order to ? =reconstruct the original tree file. Not the best, but better than block by block. Quit: Enter 'Q' to complete the destination file. ESC: Entering ESC at any point in the program resets < :to the initial screen. At the initial 'Slot' request, ESC 7 quits the program. The destination file is not saved. Icons : CF.RES.ICONS contains Change-A-File and Resurrection ? =icons. The Change-A-File icon is courtesy of Karl Bunker. To ; 9use these icons in the Finder, place CF.RES.ICONS in the ( &ICONS subdirectory of the boot volume 8 6(BOOT.VOLUME/ICONS/CF.RES.ICONS) and reboot. The two 3 1programs must have file names of CHANGE.FILE and RESURRECTION. ------------------------------------------------------- IMPORTANT NOTICE Auto-Restore is not accessible unless you have the ; 9CHANGE-A-FILE password. If RESURRECTION is placed in the > <same directory as CF.SYSTEM, the Auto-Restore function will 9 7be unlocked on entering the password and then quitting CHANGE.FILE.> Transfer the CHANGE.FILE and RESURRECTION files to the 7 5volume directory of a disk under ProDOS (P8). Rename ; 9CHANGE.FILE to CF.SYSTEM. Be sure this file is the first > <.SYSTEM file in the directory (e.g. ahead of BASIC.SYSTEM). > <Boot the disk. (You must boot directly into CF.SYSTEM.) The > <password screen will be presented. Enter the password. When : 8the menu is presented, select Quit. CHANGE.FILE will be = ;rewritten to the disk without the screen. The Auto-Restore ? =function of RESURRECTION will be activated. Rename CF.SYSTEM ? =to CHANGE.FILE or any other name of your choice. Whether you 8 6have the password or not, the password screen will be = ;removed. If you enter the password, all the utilities will ? =be able to be used in both programs. If not, only the 'free' % utilities will be able to be used. The CHANGE-A-FILE password can be obtained for $10.00 from: Change.File! c/o Harold D. Portnoy 1431 Woodward& Bloomfield Hills, MI 48013 6 To obtain unlocked versions of Change-A-File and ; 9Resurrection and the password (for future versions) on a 8 disk, send $10.00 plus $4.00 for postage and handling. ------------------------------------------------------------ All rights reserved. AppleWorks, copyright Claris Corporation ProSel, copyright Glen Bredon Suggestions, bugs and other trivia to: Harold D. Portnoy Compuserve [75156,2436] GEnie [H.PORTNOY] Versions: 1.0- First attempt.0 1.1- Improved layout and docs. Adds scan. 1.2- Adds Auto-Restore.4 1.3- Improved Auto-Restore. Also removes bug.3 1.4- A few bug fixes and minor improvements.; 1.5- Improved determination of volume size and a bug fix.- 1.6- Adds Auto-Restore by Index Block.0 1.7- Improved algorithm for Auto-Restore.8 1.8- Improved algorithm for finding index blocks 1 (because of comments from J. Wisnia).< 1.9- Much better algorithm for finding index blocks. : Similar to that in ProSel Block Warden. Thanks' to G. Bredon for his input.% 2.0- Add Diagnostics. 2.1- Much improved and simplified Diagnostics.> 2.2- Diagnostics further improved to reduce number of unmatched files that need to be tested.> 2.3- Diagnostics bug fix. Complete Diagnostics or only bad blocks.> < 2.4- Further improvements in Diagnostics particularly useful for large volumes.6 2.6- Mark bad blocks as used in volume bit map.= 2.7- Diagnostics improved to include detection of bad & index blocks in ADB files.1 2.8- Fix bug in Auto-Restore by File Name.; 2.9- Diagnostics now detect bad index blocks in ABD = and AWP files. If file has bad index block, Auto-3 Restore by file name will restore file.